Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto

Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto (KNB) (bahasa Inggris: Gross National Happiness, GNH) adalah suatu pengukuran kebahagiaan kolektif dalam suatu bangsa.

Sejarah

Asal usul

Pada tahun 1970-an, negera-negara berkembang berfokus dalam meningkatkan kesuksesan ekonomi untuk membantu mengembangkan kemakmuran.^[1] Namun, Raja Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, percaya bahwa pendekatan ekonomi membuat proses pembangunan menjadi tidak manusiawi.^[1] Sebagai gantinya, Wangchuck memutuskan untuk fokus pada konsep yang dia namakan "Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto".^[1] Di Bhutan, kebahagiaan dikejar dengan membatasi akses terhadap kebudayaan asing.^[1] Kesuksesan suatu negara akan diukur dengan kebahagiaan warganya yang ada.^[1]

Lihat pula

Pendapatan Nasional Bruto

Referensi

Catatan kaki

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Brooks, Arthur C. (2008-01-01). Gross National Happiness: Why Happiness Matters for America--and how We Can Get More of it (dalam bahasa Inggris). Basic Books. ISBN 0465002781.

Kutipan karya

Adler Braun, Alejandro. Gross National Happiness in Bhutan: A Living Example of an Alternative Approach to Progress, 24 September 2009. http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com/OtherArticles/GNHPaperbyAlejandro.pdf Diarsipkan 2011-07-11 di Wayback Machine.
Confucious. Analects 13:16. http://ctext.org/analects/zi-lu/
Diener, Ed and Robert-Biswas Diener. Happiness – Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2008. 290 pages. ISBN 978-1-4051-4661-6.
Eric Zencey, "GDP RIP," New York Times, 9 August 2009 [1]
Eric Ezechieli, "Beyond Sustainable Development: Education for Gross National Happiness in Bhutan" http://suse-ice.stanford.edu/monographs/Ezechieli.pdf, Stanford University, 2003
Kammann, R (1984). "The Analysis and Measurement of Happiness as a Sense of Well-Being". Social Indicators Research. 15 (2): 91–115. doi:10.1007/bf00426282.
Layard, Richard (2005), Happiness: Lessons from a New Science, Penguin Press, ISBN 0-14-303701-3
Niestroy, Ingeborg; García Schmidt, Armando; Esche, Andreas (2013). "Bhutan: Paradigms Matter", in: Bertelsmann Stiftung (ed.): Winning Strategies for a Sustainable Future. Reinhard Mohn Prize 2013 (PDF). Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh. hlm. 55–80. ISBN 978-3-86793-491-6.
Powdyel, T.S. "Gross National Happiness, A Tribute," Gross National Happiness, Kinga, Sonam, et al. (eds) (1999), Thimphu: The Center for Bhutan Studies
Priesner, Stefan (2004), Indigeneity and Universality in Social Science: A South Asian Response, SAGE Publications, ISBN 0-7619-3215-1
Thinley, L. (October 1998). Values and Development: "Gross National Happiness." Speech presented at the Millennium Meeting for Asia and the Pacific, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Pranala luar

Nadia Mustafa, "What About Gross National Happiness?" Diarsipkan 2007-03-11 di Wayback Machine., Time, 10 January 2005
Rajni Bakshi, "Gross National Happiness" Diarsipkan 2008-07-25 di Wayback Machine., Resurgence, 25 January 2005
International Institute of Management – US based GHN research, GNH policy white paper
Bhutan 2008 Paeans to the King Diarsipkan 2008-11-21 di Wayback Machine.
World Happiness Report
Bhutan, Gross National Happiness and Sustainable Development – YouTube (12:31)
Gross National Happiness Survey, Global Diarsipkan 2013-06-07 di Wayback Machine.

[:0-1] Brooks, Arthur C. (2008-01-01). Gross National Happiness: Why Happiness Matters for America--and how We Can Get More of it (dalam bahasa Inggris). Basic Books. ISBN 0465002781.

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