Pemberontakan di Maghrib (2002–sekarang)
Sebuah pemberontakan Islamis terjadi di daerah Maghrib di Afrika Utara, kelanjutan dari Perang Saudara Aljazair yang berakhir pada tahun 2002.[47] Kelompok milisi Aljazair Kelompok Salafi untuk Dakwah dan Pertempuran (GSPC) beraliansi dengan al-Qaidah dan menjadi al-Qaidah di Maghrib Islam (AQIM).[48] Pemerintah Aljazair dan negara-negara Maghrib lainnya yang memerangi milisi telah bekerja sama dengan Amerika Serikat dan Inggris sejak tahun 2007, ketika dimulainya Operasi Kebebasan Abadi – Trans Sahara.[5][49]
Meskipun Kebangkitan Arab tahun 2011 mempengaruhi dukungan terhadap pemberontakan, ini juga memberikan kesempatan militer bagi para jihadis.[19][48][50][51][52] Pada tahun 2012, AQIM dan beberapa sekutu Islamis merebut bagian utara Mali. Mereka menguasai wilayah tersebut selama hampir satu tahun, hingga dipaksa keluar dari wilayah urban selama intervensi asing yang dipimpin Prancis, yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Operasi Barkhane yang berlaku di seluruh Sahel.[2][19] Di Libya, ISIS mampu mengendalikan beberapa wilayah terbatas selama Perang Saudara Libya Kedua, di tengah tuduhan kolaborasi lokal dengan saingannya AQIM.[53][19][54]
Referensi
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