Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate

Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
dʑ
ʥ
ɟʑ
IPA number	216
Audio sample
	source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ʥ
Unicode (hex)	U+02A5
X-SAMPA	d_z\
Image

The voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨d͡ʑ⟩, ⟨d͜ʑ⟩, ⟨ɟ͡ʑ⟩ and ⟨ɟ͜ʑ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are d_z\ and J\_z\, though transcribing the stop component with ⟨ɟ⟩ (J\ in X-SAMPA) is rare. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨dʑ⟩ or ⟨ɟʑ⟩ in the IPA and dz\ or J\z\ in X-SAMPA. This affricate has a dedicated symbol U+02A5 ʥ LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL, which has been retired by the International Phonetic Association but is still used.

Neither [d] nor [ɟ] is a completely narrow transcription of the stop component, which can be narrowly transcribed as [d̠ʲ] (retracted and palatalized [d]), [ɟ̟] or [ɟ˖] (both symbols denote an advanced [ɟ]). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are d_-' or d_-_j and J\_+, respectively. There is also a dedicated symbol ⟨ȡ⟩, which is not a part of the IPA. Therefore, narrow transcriptions of the voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate include [d̠ʲʑ], [ɟ̟ʑ], [ɟ˖ʑ] and [ȡʑ].

It is the sibilant equivalent of the voiced palatal affricate.

Features

Features of the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate:

Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
Its place of articulation is alveolo-palatal. This means that:
- Its place of articulation is postalveolar, meaning that the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth in the area behind the alveolar ridge (the gum line).
- Its tongue shape is laminal, meaning that it is the tongue blade that contacts the roof of the mouth.
- It is heavily palatalized, meaning that the middle of the tongue is bowed and raised towards the hard palate.
Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Bengali		যখন	[d͡ʑɔkʰon]	'when'	See Bengali phonology
Catalan^[1]	All dialects	mitjà	[mi(d)ˈd͡ʑa]	'medium'	See Catalan phonology
Catalan^[1]	Valencian	joc	[ˈd͡ʑɔk]	'game'	See Catalan phonology
Chinese	Southern Min	日 / ji̍t	[d͡ʑit̚˧ʔ]	'sun'
Chinese	Wu	渠	[d͡ʑy]	'he/she/it'
Irish	Some dialects^[2]^[3]^[4]	dearg	[d͡ʑaɾˠəɡ]	'red'	Realization of the palatalized alveolar stop /dʲ/ in dialects such as Erris, Teelin and Tourmakeady.^[2]^[3]^[4] See Irish phonology
Japanese		知人 / chijin	[t͡ɕid͡ʑĩɴ]	'acquaintance'	See Japanese phonology
Korean	South	편지 / pyeonji	[pʰjʌ̹ːnd͡ʑi]	'letter'	See Korean phonology
Malay	Jambi	توجوه / tujuh	[tud͡ʑʊh]	'seven'	See Jambi Malay
Okinawan		fijeetiinagaa	[ɸid͡ʑeːtiːnagaː]	'thief'
Polish^[5]		dźwięk	[d͡ʑvʲɛŋk]^ⓘ	'sound'	See Polish phonology
Romanian	Banat dialect^[6]	des	[d͡ʑes]	'frequent'	Allophone of /d/ before front vowels. Corresponds to [d] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Russian		дочь бы	[ˈd̪o̞d͡ʑ bɨ]	'daughter would'	Allophone of /t͡ɕ/ before voiced consonants. See Russian phonology
Sema^[7]		aji	[à̠d͡ʑì]	'blood'	Possible allophone of /ʒ/ before /i, e/; can be realized as [ʑ ~ ʒ ~ d͡ʒ] instead.^[7]
Serbo-Croatian^[8]^[9]		ђаво / đavo	[d͡ʑâ̠ʋo̞ː]	'devil'	Merges with /d͡ʒ/ in Kajkavian and Chakavian dialects. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Swedish^[10]^[11]		djur	[dʑʉːr]	'animal'	Allophone of /j/ in initial position in older Standard Swedish, Norrbotten and Finland
Uzbek^[12]	Some speakers	jon	[d͡ʑɒn]	'dear'	Allophone of /dʒ/.
Xumi	Lower^[13]	[d͡ʑɐʔ˦]		'water'
Xumi	Upper^[14]	[d͡ʑɐ̝˦]		'water'
Yi		ꐚ / jji	[d͡ʑi˧]	'bee'

Notes

^ Wheeler (2005:12)
^ ^a ^b Mhac an Fhailigh (1968:36–37)
^ ^a ^b Wagner (1959:9–10)
^ ^a ^b de Búrca (1958:24–25)
^ Jassem (2003:105)
^ Pop (1938), p. 29.
^ ^a ^b Teo (2014:23)
^ Kordić (2006), p. 5.
^ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
^ Eriksson (1961:79)
^ Westerberg (2004:35)
^ Sjoberg (1963:12)
^ Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 365.
^ Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), p. 382.

References

Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013), "Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (3): 363–379, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157
Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya; Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja (2013), "Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (3): 381–396, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169
de Búrca, Seán (1958), The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, ISBN 0-901282-49-9
Eriksson, Manne (1961), En översikt över det svenska landsmålsalfabetets utveckling och användning huvudsakligen i tidskriften SVENSKA LANDSMÅL (PDF), p. 79
Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968), The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, ISBN 0-901282-02-2
Pavlík, Radoslav (2004), "Slovenské hlásky a medzinárodná fonetická abeceda" (PDF), Jazykovedný časopis, 55: 87–109
Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963), Uzbek Structural Grammar, Uralic and Altaic Series, vol. 18, Bloomington: Indiana University
Teo, Amos B. (2014), A phonological and phonetic description of Sumi, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nagaland (PDF), Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, ISBN 978-1-922185-10-5
Wagner, Heinrich (1959), Gaeilge Theilinn (in Irish), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, ISBN 1-85500-055-5
Westerberg, Anna (2004), Norsjömålet under 150 år, p. 35, ISBN 91-85352-55-1
Wheeler, Max W (2005), The Phonology Of Catalan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-925814-7
Kordić, Snježana (2006), Serbo-Croatian, Languages of the World/Materials; 148, Munich & Newcastle: Lincom Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-161-1
Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0

External links

List of languages with [dʑ] on PHOIBLE

[1] Wheeler (2005:12)

[mhac-2] Mhac an Fhailigh (1968:36–37)

[wag-3] Wagner (1959:9–10)

[deb-4] Búrca (1958:24–25)

[5] Jassem (2003:105)

[FOOTNOTEPop193829-6] Pop (1938), p. 29.

[Teo-7] Teo (2014:23)

[FOOTNOTEKordić20065-8] Kordić (2006), p. 5.

[FOOTNOTELandauLončarićHorgaŠkarić199967-9] Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.

[10] Eriksson (1961:79)

[11] Westerberg (2004:35)

[12] Sjoberg (1963:12)

[FOOTNOTEChirkovaChen2013365-13] Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 365.

[FOOTNOTEChirkovaChenKocjančič_Antolík2013382-14] Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), p. 382.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate

Features

Occurrence

See also

Notes

References

External links

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