Hepatus epheliticus

Hepatus epheliticus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Malacostraca
Order:	Decapoda
Suborder:	Pleocyemata
Infraorder:	Brachyura
Family:	Aethridae
Genus:	Hepatus
Species:	H. epheliticus
Binomial name
	Hepatus epheliticus; (Linnaeus, 1763)
Synonyms
	Cancer epheliticus Linnaeus, 1763; Cancer decorus Herbst, 1803; Cancer vanbenedenii Herklots, 1852;

Hepatus epheliticus, known by various names, including the calico crab (not to be confused with Ovalipes ocellatus) and Dolly Varden crab, is a species of crab. It lives in shallow water in the western Atlantic Ocean from the Chesapeake Bay to the Dominican Republic. It has a 3-inch (76 mm)–wide carapace adorned with large red spots with darker outlines.

Description

Hepatus epheliticus grows to 3 inches (76 mm) across the carapace,^[2] which is covered in large patches of red color, which may join up into lines or other patterns.^[3] The spots are outlined in a darker color; in some crabs, only the darker rings are visible.^[4]

Distribution

The range of H. epheliticus extends from the Chesapeake Bay southwards, including the whole of the Gulf of Mexico, and as far south as Jamaica and the Dominican Republic.^[3]

Ecology and life cycle

Hepatus epheliticus lives at depths of up to 46 m (151 ft) on sandy and muddy substrates.^[3] It often carries the sea anemone Calliactis tricolor on its back,^[5] or lies buried in the sand, with only its eyes exposed.^[6]

Reproduction occurs in summer, as shown by the occurrence of "berried" (egg-bearing) females.^[5] The eggs are held by the female until they hatch; there are five planktonic zoea stages.^[7]

Taxonomy

Hepatus epheliticus was first described, under the name Cancer epheliticus, by Carl Linnaeus in his 1763 work Centuria Insectorum,^[8] based on specimens from Carolina sent to him by Alexander Garden.^[9] Subjective synonyms of H. epheliticus include Cancer decorus, published by Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst in 1803, and Cancer vanbenedenii, published by Jan Adrian (or Janus Adrianus) Herklots in 1852.^[1]

Hepatus epheliticus is known by several common names, including calico box crab,^[3] calico crab,^[4] Gulf calico crab,^[6] and Dolly Varden crab.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b Peter K. L. Ng; Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie (2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 17: 1–286. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-06.
^ Edward E. Ruppert & Richard S. Fox (1988). "Box crabs". Seashore animals of the Southeast: a guide to common shallow-water invertebrates of the southeastern Atlantic Coast. University of South Carolina Press. pp. 252–253. ISBN 978-0-87249-535-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Harriet Perry & Kirsten Larsen (April 2, 2004). "A Picture Guide to Shelf Invertebrates from the Northern Gulf of Mexico" (PDF). Retrieved June 17, 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gilbert L. Voss (2002). "Calico crab, Dolly Varden crab". Seashore Life of Florida and the Caribbean. Dover pictorial archive series. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 98. ISBN 978-0-486-42068-4.
^ ^a ^b Susan B. Rothschild (2004). "Crabs". Beachcomber's Guide to Gulf Coast Marine Life: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida (3rd ed.). Taylor Trade Publications. pp. 30–31. ISBN 978-1-58979-061-2.
^ ^a ^b Eugene H. Kaplan (1999). A Field Guide to Southeastern and Caribbean Seashores: Cape Hatteras to the Gulf Coast, Florida, and the Caribbean. Peterson Field Guides (2nd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-395-97516-9.
^ Maria L. Negreiros-Fransozo; Adilson Fransozo & Gustavo L. Hirose (2008). "The megalopa and early juvenile development of Hepatus pudibundus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Aethroidea) reared from neuston samples". Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 25 (4): 608–616. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752008000400005. hdl:11449/19286.
^ Gilberto Rodriguez (1993). "From Oviedo to Rathbun: The development of brachyuran crab taxonomy in the Neotropics (1535–1937)". In Frank Truesdale (ed.). History of carcinology. Volume 8 of Crustacean Issues. CRC Press. pp. 41–73. ISBN 978-90-5410-137-6.
^ Carl Linnaeus (1763). Centuria Insectorum Rariorum (PDF) (in Latin). Uppsala. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-28.

External links

Media related to Hepatus epheliticus at Wikimedia Commons

[Ng-1] Peter K. L. Ng; Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie (2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 17: 1–286. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-06.

[2] Edward E. Ruppert & Richard S. Fox (1988). "Box crabs". Seashore animals of the Southeast: a guide to common shallow-water invertebrates of the southeastern Atlantic Coast. University of South Carolina Press. pp. 252–253. ISBN 978-0-87249-535-7.

[Perry-3] Harriet Perry & Kirsten Larsen (April 2, 2004). "A Picture Guide to Shelf Invertebrates from the Northern Gulf of Mexico" (PDF). Retrieved June 17, 2010.

[Voss-4] Gilbert L. Voss (2002). "Calico crab, Dolly Varden crab". Seashore Life of Florida and the Caribbean. Dover pictorial archive series. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 98. ISBN 978-0-486-42068-4.

[Rothschild-5] Susan B. Rothschild (2004). "Crabs". Beachcomber's Guide to Gulf Coast Marine Life: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida (3rd ed.). Taylor Trade Publications. pp. 30–31. ISBN 978-1-58979-061-2.

[Kaplan-6] Eugene H. Kaplan (1999). A Field Guide to Southeastern and Caribbean Seashores: Cape Hatteras to the Gulf Coast, Florida, and the Caribbean. Peterson Field Guides (2nd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-395-97516-9.

[7] Maria L. Negreiros-Fransozo; Adilson Fransozo & Gustavo L. Hirose (2008). "The megalopa and early juvenile development of Hepatus pudibundus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Aethroidea) reared from neuston samples". Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 25 (4): 608–616. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752008000400005. hdl:11449/19286.

[8] Gilberto Rodriguez (1993). "From Oviedo to Rathbun: The development of brachyuran crab taxonomy in the Neotropics (1535–1937)". In Frank Truesdale (ed.). History of carcinology. Volume 8 of Crustacean Issues. CRC Press. pp. 41–73. ISBN 978-90-5410-137-6.

[9] Carl Linnaeus (1763). Centuria Insectorum Rariorum (PDF) (in Latin). Uppsala. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-28.

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