11Q13

11Q13, juga dinamai 11QMelch atau Dokumen Melkisedek (bahasa Inggris: Melchizedek document) adalah sebuah naskah kuno yang diketemukan dalam keadaan terfragmentasi di antara Naskah Laut Mati yang memuat nama Melkisedek sebagai pemimpin para malaikat Allah dalam peperangan melawan para malaikat kegelapan. Ini berbeda dengan informasi-informasi yang pada umumnya menyebut Mikhael sebagai penghulu malaikat. Teks itu merupakan suatu komentari apokaliptik mengenai tahun Yobel pada Imamat 25.^[1]^[2]^[3] Naskah-naskah Laut Mati memuat teks dalam bahasa Ibrani, bahasa Aram maupun bahasa Yunani, dan naskah 11Q13 ditulis menggunakan bahasa Ibrani, dengan tarikh penyusunan sekitar tahun 100 SM.^[4]

Pada bacaan yang terpotong-potong istilah "Elohim" muncul sekitar 12 kali, umumnya merujuk kepada Allah Israel, tetapi dalam komentari mengenai "dan berkata kepada Sion: "Allahmu itu Raja!"" (Yesaya 52:7) 11Q13 menyatakan bahwa Sion adalah kumpulan semua anak-anak saleh, sementara [[Melkisedek adalah "Allahmu" yang akan menyelamatkan anak-anak saleh dari Belial.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

11QMelch
— ...[Dan akan diberitakan pada] akhir zaman mengenai para tawanan sebagaimana [Ia berkata, Untuk memberitakan pembebasan kepada orang-orang tawanan (Yesaya 61:1). Penafsirannya adalah Ia] akan mengangkat mereka sebagai Anak-anak Sorgawi dan memberikan warisan Melkisedek; ka[rena Ia akan membuang] un[di] mereka di antara ba[gian Melkise]dek, yang akan membawa mereka kembali dan memberitakan pembebasan kepada mereka, mengampuni [dosa-dosa] atas semua pelanggaran mereka.
Dan Hari Penebusan adalah a[khir dari] tahun [Yo]bel kesepuluh, ketika semua Anak-anak [Terang] dan orang-orang yang menjadi bagian Mel[ki]sedek akan ditebus. [Dan] suatu peraturan mengenai mereka [untuk menyedi]akan bagi mereka pahala mereka. Karena saat inilah saat Tahun Rahmat Melkisedek. [Dan i]a akan, dengan kekuatannya, menghakimi orang-orang kudus Allah, menjalankan penghakiman sebagaimana tertulis mengenainya pada Kidung-kidung Daud, yang berkata, ELOHIM akan berdiri dalam sidang ilahi, di antara para allah Ia menghakimi [Mazmur 82:1]. ...
Dan Melkisedek akan membalaskan dendam penghakiman Allah... dan ia akan menarik [mereka lepas dari tangan] Belial.^[9]

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ Gard Granerød Abraham and Melchizedek: Scribal Activity of Second Temple Times 23 p208 2010 "The Melchizedek document from Qumran (11Q13) offers no explicit reference to Psalm 110 or to Genesis 14. That is, its main protagonist, qdc yklm, is not explicitly connected with the only two biblical texts that contain the identical ..."
^ John R. Hinnells A handbook of ancient religions 2007 p241 "In a fragmentary text from cave 11 at Qumran (11q13 in Vermes 1997: 500–2) the role of Michael as leader of God's angels and destroyer of the angels of darkness is taken over by Melchizedek. The text is a commentary on the Jubilee law ..."
^ James H. Charlesworth The Dead Sea scrolls: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts vol.4 p7 - 1994 "Speculation about Melchizedek is attested at Qumran in Melchizedek (11Q13)"
^ Florentino García Martínez Qumran and Apocalyptic: studies on the Aramaic texts from Qumran 1992 p176 "11QMelchizedek This is a clearly eschatological Hebrew fragment"
^ Timo Eskola Messiah and the throne: Jewish Merkabah mysticism and early 2001 p140 "Melchizedek was also called Elohim (1 IQMelch. 25).48 The divine name of the angel here does not necessarily mean ... Melchizedek is apparently quite special, since he will also be the one who saves people from the power of Belial."
^ Richard Bauckham Jesus and the God of Israel: God Crucified and other studies on p222 " (1) Melchizedek: In 11QMelchizedek, Melchizedek is the name of a principal angel, probably to be regarded as another ... angels (called 'elim in 2:14, as frequently in the Qumran literature), from the power of Belial and his evil angels."
^ Max Turner Power from on high: the Spirit in Israel's restoration and witness p227 - 1996 "61.1-2.39 The writer concludes that an exalted figure (probably 'Melchizedek')40 will appear in the tenth Jubilee ... and 8), and to execute God's judgment on the hosts of Belial (lines 9, 1 1-15, 20)."
^ The Messiah: developments in earliest Judaism and Christianity: 1987 vol.2 James H. Charlesworth - 1992 "Apparently the obedient angels and even the powers of Belial are called by that name. But most probably in line 10 it means a divine figure or heavenly being, with whom Melchizedek is identified, so that he appears here as a Redeemer."
^ The complete Dead Sea scrolls in English Géza Vermès 1997

Pranala luar

[1] Gard Granerød Abraham and Melchizedek: Scribal Activity of Second Temple Times 23 p208 2010 "The Melchizedek document from Qumran (11Q13) offers no explicit reference to Psalm 110 or to Genesis 14. That is, its main protagonist, qdc yklm, is not explicitly connected with the only two biblical texts that contain the identical ..."

[2] John R. Hinnells A handbook of ancient religions 2007 p241 "In a fragmentary text from cave 11 at Qumran (11q13 in Vermes 1997: 500–2) the role of Michael as leader of God's angels and destroyer of the angels of darkness is taken over by Melchizedek. The text is a commentary on the Jubilee law ..."

[3] James H. Charlesworth The Dead Sea scrolls: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts vol.4 p7 - 1994 "Speculation about Melchizedek is attested at Qumran in Melchizedek (11Q13)"

[4] Florentino García Martínez Qumran and Apocalyptic: studies on the Aramaic texts from Qumran 1992 p176 "11QMelchizedek This is a clearly eschatological Hebrew fragment"

[5] Timo Eskola Messiah and the throne: Jewish Merkabah mysticism and early 2001 p140 "Melchizedek was also called Elohim (1 IQMelch. 25).48 The divine name of the angel here does not necessarily mean ... Melchizedek is apparently quite special, since he will also be the one who saves people from the power of Belial."

[6] Richard Bauckham Jesus and the God of Israel: God Crucified and other studies on p222 " (1) Melchizedek: In 11QMelchizedek, Melchizedek is the name of a principal angel, probably to be regarded as another ... angels (called 'elim in 2:14, as frequently in the Qumran literature), from the power of Belial and his evil angels."

[7] Max Turner Power from on high: the Spirit in Israel's restoration and witness p227 - 1996 "61.1-2.39 The writer concludes that an exalted figure (probably 'Melchizedek')40 will appear in the tenth Jubilee ... and 8), and to execute God's judgment on the hosts of Belial (lines 9, 1 1-15, 20)."

[8] The Messiah: developments in earliest Judaism and Christianity: 1987 vol.2 James H. Charlesworth - 1992 "Apparently the obedient angels and even the powers of Belial are called by that name. But most probably in line 10 it means a divine figure or heavenly being, with whom Melchizedek is identified, so that he appears here as a Redeemer."

[9] The complete Dead Sea scrolls in English Géza Vermès 1997

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