Reno, Nevada, dengan bangga memamerkan julukannya, "The Biggest Little City in the World", di jalan raya pusat kota.
Daftar julukan kota di Amerika Serikat ini mengandung samaran, julukan, dan slogan yang disematkan kepada beberapa kota di Amerika Serikat (resmi dan tidak resmi) oleh pemerintah kota, masyarakat setempat, orang asing, badan pariwisata, atau kamar dagang. Julukan kota berperan sebagai perintis identitas lokal, membantu orang asing mengenali masyarakat setempat, atau mengajak orang berkunjung karena julukannya khas; mengangkat martabat daerah; dan mempersatukan masyarakat.[1] Julukan dan slogan yang berubah menjadi "ideologi atau mitos" baru[2] juga diyakini memiliki potensi ekonomi.[1] Potensi ekonominya sulit diukur,[1] tetapi ada beberapa kota yang memakai slogan baru untuk memasarkan/mencitrakan diri dan memanfaatkan potensi ekonomi tersebut.[2]
Pada tahun 2005, lembaga konsultan Tagline Guru melakukan survei kecil yang melibatkan para pekerja profesional di bidang pencitraan, pemasaran, dan periklanan untuk mengetahui slogan dan julukan kota "terbaik" di Amerika Serikat. Responden diminta mengevaluasi sekitar 800 julukan dan 400 slogan dan mempertimbangkan sejumlah kriteria. Kriterianya adalah: julukan atau slogan mencerminkan "ciri khas, kesamaan, gaya, dan kepribadian" kota, "memiliki kesan cerdas, menyenangkan, dan mudah diingat," unik dan asli, dan "mengajak Anda untuk berkunjung, pindah ke sana, atau mengenal lebih lanjut."[3]
Julukan terpopuler dalam survei tersebut adalah "The Big Apple" (New York City), kemudian "Sin City" (Las Vegas), "The Big Easy" (New Orleans), "Motor City" (Detroit), dan "The Windy City" (Chicago). Selain Sin City, Las Vegas memiliki slogan populer lain, yaitu "What Happens Here, Stays Here." Slogan peringkat kedua sampai kelima adalah "So Very Virginia" (Charlottesville, Virginia), "Always Turned On" (Atlantic City, New Jersey), "Cleveland Rocks!" (Cleveland, Ohio), dan "The Sweetest Place on Earth" (Hershey, Pennsylvania).[3]
Beberapa julukan tidak resmi bersifat positif dan negatif. Julukan tidak resmi di bawah ini populer dan sudah lama digunakan.
City of the Angels[16][161] – based partially on the literal translation of the city's original historical full name from the Spanish language -- "The City of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels".
Horse Capital of the World (with Marion County) – the Florida Thoroughbred Breeders' and Owners' Association, obtained the trademark on behalf of Ocala and Marion County in the late 1990s. The title is disputed with Lexington, Kentucky, which also claims to be the "Horse Capital of the World."[341][342]
The nickname "Athens of the Prairie" was bestowed on Columbus, Indiana, due to the large assemblage of contemporary architecture and public sculpture in the city, including Henry Moore's "Large Arch."
Breaux Bridge – Crayfish Capital of the World[10] or Crawfish Capital of the World (In Louisiana vernacular, "Crawfish" would be the correct way to say it.)[19][533]
Athens of America – Boston Brahmins' reference to the numerous cultural institutions which separated Boston from its counterparts[570][16] Also called the Modern Athens.[206]
Beantown or Bean Town and variations 'The Bean', 'DA BEAN', BeanCity, B-town, etc.[16][571][572][573]
This 1907 postcard of Canfield Park and Saratoga Springs' nickname "the Spa City" both recall the era when the city's mineral springs and hotels made it a fashionable resort.
Alliance, which is officially nicknamed the Carnation City, helped make the scarlet carnation the state flower of Ohio.The sculpture Flyover in downtown Dayton, the "Birthplace of Aviation," tracks the path of the Wright Brothers' first powered aircraft flight.
A sign proclaiming Scranton as "The Electric City" overlooks Courthouse Square. The city got its moniker for being the site of the nation's first electric-powered streetcars.
The Athens of America – "References can be found as early as 1733 when the Library Company’s directors wrote, “May your Philadelphia be the future of Athens in America."[1077]
Execution Capital of the World/Death Penalty City (Texas' execution chamber is located in Huntsville, and Texas often leads all US states in executions per year; death row was located in Huntsville but later relocated)[1183][1184][1185]
The nicknames of several Wisconsin communities celebrate the state's cheese-making industry. Cheese curds, shown here covered with batter and deep-fried, traditionally have been available only at cheese factories.
^City of Daphne, Alabama websiteDiarsipkan 2010-10-05 di Wayback Machine., accessed October 5, 2010. The "Jubilee" nickname refers to a phenomenon in Mobile Bay in "blue crabs, shrimp, and fish swimming from the depths of the bay [are brought] into the shallow waters of the shoreline."
^The Alabama GangDiarsipkan 2008-04-16 di Wayback Machine., Alabama Live, accessed March 29, 2007. "The Alabama Gang was especially forceful during the formative years of NASCAR as brothers Bobby and Donnie Allison and Red Farmer set up shop in Hueytown, Ala., putting that town on the sports map."
^Sheboygan Press, The Sheboygan Press May 20, 1932. "Q. What city is called The City of Six Flags? A. Mobile, Alabama. It has been under French, Spanish, British, American, Alabama, and Confederate Flags."
^"Freedom March Begins at Selma; Troops on Guard". New York Times. March 22, 1965. Selma, which calls itself queen of the Alabama Black Belt -- the swath of rich, dark soil and heavy Negro population across south-central Alabama.
^South Baldwin Chamber of CommerceDiarsipkan 2007-07-23 di Wayback Machine., accessed March 29, 2007. "Just north of Foley lies Summerdale, which offers a picturesque view of rural farm life and lives up to its slogan, 'The Sunshine City.'"
^Frequently Asked Questions[pranala nonaktif permanen], DCH Health System website, accessed May 29, 2011. "In the late 1800s, the city fathers of Tuscaloosa planted oak trees along downtown streets. Just as the City of Birmingham was known as the Magic City because of its amazing growth, the City of Tuscaloosa became known as the Oak City, or, in recognition of the ancient British tribe that worshipped oaks, the Druid City."
^About Wetumpka, accessed March 29, 2007. "Abundant in lore and legend, Wetumpka (an Indian term meaning rumbling waters) is rich in aboriginal history. "
^ abcdefgMotto ought to be boffo, Irvine World News, February 22, 2004 Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "Irvine" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
^ abAir Crossroads of the World, Ground Support, April 2006."Increased tourism has halted those perceptions and Anchorage is now known as the "City of Lights and Flowers", a bustling city with a formidable backdrop of glaciers and mountains."
^Shakespeare MarathonDiarsipkan 2007-03-14 di Wayback Machine., KTTC, March 10, 2007. "Fairbanks, Alaska is a city known for its quirkiness, things like playing baseball at midnight and turning solid blocks of ice into works of art. But the "Golden Heart City" has another passion, one that may surprise you."
^Homer, AlaskaDiarsipkan 2008-09-18 di Wayback Machine., accessed March 29, 2007. "Homer, Alaska, is considered the halibut capital of the world -- or so locals claim."
^"A Fleet of Ferry Ships to Offer Motorists a 'Marine' Highway to Skagway, Alaska; Enthusiasm Shown Summer Side Trip", The New York Times, March 8, 1963. "The Ferry Ships put in along The route at Ketchikan, 'The king salmon capital of The world'..."
^Knik - Fairview AlaskaDiarsipkan 2011-10-02 di Wayback Machine., accessed March 29, 2007. "Knik is a check-point for the Iditarod Sled Dog Race, and is called the 'Dog Mushing Center of the World.'"
^Arizona Government Web Sites, accessed March 30, 2007. "City of Apache Junction, Arizona. Gateway to legends, lakes, leisure and lost treasures."
^ abcFlagstaff ArizonaDiarsipkan 2011-10-02 di Wayback Machine., accessed March 29, 2007. "Flagstaff is sometimes called "The City in the Pines" because the town sits in the middle of a Ponderosa Pine stand in the Coconino National Forest. The town is also called "The City of Seven Wonders" because of its proximity to the Grand Canyon, Oak Creek Canyon, Walnut Canyon, Wupatki National Monument, Sunset Crater National Monument and the San Francisco Peaks."
^Song A' Th' WeekDiarsipkan 2007-09-28 di Wayback Machine., The Legend-News, January 21, 2002. "By golly, it's clean clear to Flag Town, c'mon. => On the highway between Rubber Duck's location and Flagstaff, Arizona ("Flagtown"), there are no reports of police activity."
^Kingman Area Chamber of Commerce, accessed March 29, 2007. "Kingman, Arizona: The Heart of Route 66 and gateway to the Hoover Dam, Lake Mead and the Grand Canyon!"
^Scottsdale Arizona profile, accessed March 30, 2007. "The first mayor was Malcolm White. He also coined the city slogan, 'The West's Most Western Town.'"
^The City of Tombstone's Official Web Site, accessed March 29, 2007. "The Town too Tough to Die," Tombstone was perhaps the most renowned of Arizona's old mining camps.
^History[pranala nonaktif permanen], Wickenburg Chamber of Commerce website, accessed November 20, 2011: "The construction of the Phoenix to California highway (Highway 60) brought even more tourists, making Wickenburg the Dude Ranch Capital of the World."
^ abcdefgFYV vs. FAY, Fayetteville Free Weekly (blog based in Fayetteville, Arkansas), September 6, 2007 [sumber tepercaya?]Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "Fayetteville" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
^Hot Springs, Arkansas, accessed April 11, 2007. "You'll find the perfect combination of relaxing activities and kick-out-all-the-stops attractions in the Spa City."
^Little Rock City Beautiful ScrapbooksDiarsipkan 2009-01-13 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 11, 2007. "The City Beautiful Commission came up with the idea of an official rose, in keeping with Little Rock’s traditional nickname, “City of Roses.” The Joe T. Robinson rose was chosen."
^A Brief History of Little Rock, accessed April 11, 2007. "Today, in downtown Little Rock, the old and new mix well together. Stately antebellum structures and ornate Victorian buildings neighbor gleaming new glass-facade skyscrapers stretching up into the river city's skyline with scenic, natural surroundings providing the backdrop."
^"North Little Rock (Pulaski County)". The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. According to oral tradition, people from Little Rock dumped their unwanted dogs in North Little Rock, but the name probably predates this practice and was a disparagement of the north side’s blue-collar base. In the mid-1900s, Little Rock students often taunted North Little Rock students with chants of “Dogtown” at sporting and other events.
^Alameda, here we come - California island townDiarsipkan 2008-02-17 di Wayback Machine., Sunset (magazine), August 2001. "Much of what makes Alameda, an island with a picturesque perch off Oakland's flank in San Francisco Bay, so unusual is the way it balances connection with isolation. It lies within easy reach of major urban hubs – the bay, the San Francisco skyline, and the East Bay hills are all in view. Even so, the "Island City" seems a world apart."
^Antioch - A Total CommunityDiarsipkan 2007-07-14 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 5, 2007. "The waters in the Antioch area are some of the prime striped bass and sturgeon fishing waters. As the "Gateway to the Delta", Antioch will continue as a refuge for boaters."
^"About Arcadia". City of Arcadia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal August 29, 2013. Diakses tanggal October 21, 2013.
^Welcome to the Auburn Endurance Capital Web Site!, accessed April 5, 2007. "2003, the Auburn City Council passed an official measure proclaiming Auburn as the Endurance Capital of the World. Auburn is home to some of the most challenging and historic endurance events on the planet."
^Relocating to BakersfieldDiarsipkan 2007-09-29 di Wayback Machine., Green Country. Accessed June 2, 2007. "Bakersfield has become known as "California's Country Music Capital" with the emergence of musicians like Merle Haggard and Buck Owens."
^Hemphill, W. G. (1964-06-04). "This & That -- Friendliest City In The West". Palo Verde Valley Times.
^ABout Buena ParkDiarsipkan 2007-12-27 di Wayback Machine., Buena Park, California. Accessed May 17, 2007. "Known as the "Center of the Southland," Buena Park is a City with a distinct heritage undergoing an exciting revitalization in business, residential, and commercial projects."
^A Brief History of ClovisDiarsipkan 2008-02-15 di Wayback Machine., City of Clovis. Accessed June 2, 2007. "Located in the northeast quadrant of the Fresno-Clovis Metropolitan Area, Clovis is situated in the midst of the agriculturally rich San Joaquin Valley. Since its incorporation in 1912, Clovis has been the 'Gateway to the Sierra.'"
^ abYour City: Coachella, The Desert Sun. Accessed June 2, 2007. "The "City of Eternal Sunshine – Gateway to the Salton Sea" is largely a young, rural and family oriented area of the desert."
^HistoryDiarsipkan 2007-09-29 di Wayback Machine., City of Compton. Accessed June 2, 2007. "The City of Compton is known as the "Hub City" because of its unique position in almost the exact geographical canter of Los Angeles County."
^ ab"Central Marin Police Authority Consolidation Summary": "Over the past three years the Twin Cities Police Authority and the San Anselmo Police Department have been collaboratively working together toward Police Consolidation through the sharing of services." Accessdate December 9, 2015
^Fitch, Mike. "Growing Pains: Thirty Years in the History of Davis"Diarsipkan 2012-07-22 di Wayback Machine. Chapter Ten: The Political Culture of Davis, Davis, California. "Another of the city's critics was a railroad executive who couldn't hide his annoyance when officials asked his company in the early 1990s to contribute up to $1,000 for a planning project the city was undertaking next to the railroad tracks. "This letter is tantamount to railroad robbery. However, since we are forced to live with the People's Republic of Davis, we will accede to your demands in the interest of the commune welfare," the executive wrote in response, enclosing a check for $500."
^Grant, Rachel. "Different stars in Tinseltown", Financial Times, March 9, 2007, accessed April 12, 2007. "With shows such as Red Eye and an important LA artist retrospective last year at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, Tinseltown is finally gaining international artistic recognition."
^Marysville's Golden History, accessed April 12, 2007. "Those that survive are a constant reminder of Marysville's golden history and proof that Marysville is still the ‘Gateway to the Gold Fields’."
^Merced Conference & Visitor's BureauDiarsipkan 2020-05-18 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 12, 2007. "As the "Gateway to Yosemite," Merced offers the traveler an abundance of recreational facilities and a short drive or ride into Yosemite National Park."
^Monterey, CaliforniaDiarsipkan 2010-08-06 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 12, 2007. "Many California "firsts" occurred in Monterey. These include California's first theater, brick house, publicly funded school, public building, public library, and printing press. Because of this, some have dubbed Monterey 'the cradle of history.'"
^About OakdaleDiarsipkan 2008-05-09 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 12, 2007. "The Saddle Club started putting on rodeos in the spring, and the city became known as the "Cowboy Capital of the World"."
^Oakland: Geography and Climate, City-Data website. "Oakland has earned the nickname "bright side of the Bay" because of its sunny skies and moderate year-round climate."
^Hell's Angels: A Strange and Terrible Saga: A Strange and Terrible Saga, by Hunter S Thompson (1966; Random House Publishing; ISBN0-345-41008-4).[4] "...some were in jail, others had quit and many of the best specimens had gone north to Oakland--or "God's Country," as some of them called it--where Sonny Barger called the shots..." (page 42)
^Oakland: Story of a City, by Beth Bagwell (1982; Presidio Press; ISBN0-89141-146-1).[5] "From about 1860 until the turn of the century, Oakland claimed the title of "the Athens of the Pacific" because of its schools." (page 99)
^Oakland (Postcard History), by Annalee Allen (2005; Arcadia Publishing; ISBN978-0-7385-3014-7).[6] "A Chevrolet plant opened, attracting various automotive parts manufacturers to establish themselves as well, thus earning Oakland the nickname 'Detroit of the West.'" (page 58)
^McClymonds Students Study to Rejuvenate ParkDiarsipkan 2008-02-13 di Wayback Machine., by Cecily Burt, from Oakland Tribune, Tuesday, May 4, 2004; archived on City of Oakland website (accessed January 6, 2007). "They talked about Oakland's nickname, 'Oak Town,' and the lack of remaining leafy specimens that made the city famous."
^Judge weighs lawyer's lawsuit: Plan to redevelop downtown challenged, by Will Oremus, Redwood City Daily News. Quote page 7, paragraph #3, '... for a city that has been saddled with the moniker "Deadwood City" in the past.'
^ abLeo, Peter. "'America's finest city' takes a fall", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, December 6, 2005, accessed April 12, 2007. "Which brings us to less-humble San Diego. It had the nerve to tout itself as "America's Finest City."... This would seem to present an opportunity for Tampa, which bills itself as "America's Next Greatest City."
^San Francisco Public Library (2005-03-29). "PPIE: The City That Knows How". Amusing America. San Francisco Public Library, Online Exhibitions. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-10-18. Diakses tanggal 2008-06-14.
^Many tourists refer to San Francisco as "Frisco", a name popularized through songs like (Sittin' on) the Dock of the Bay and Sweet Little Sixteen. However, locals discourage this use and prefer the nickname The City by the Bay. Samuel D. Cohen writes that many credit "Friscophobia" to newspaper columnist Herb Caen, whose first book, published in 1953, was "Don't Call it Frisco." Caen was considered by many to be the recognized authority on what was, and what was not, beneath the city's dignity, and to him, Frisco was intolerable. Cohen, Sam (1997-09-11). "Locals Know best: only tourists call it 'Frisco'". Golden Gater Online. San Francisco State University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 1997-11-23. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-13.
^Joe Eskenazi (December 26, 2007). "Developments in Shaky Town". SF Weekly. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal December 9, 2015.
^"Town sign", Town of Ault website (photo), diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-04-16, diakses tanggal 2012-03-05
^City HallDiarsipkan 2012-12-20 di Archive.is, City of Aurora website, accessed 2012-03-05. "Long known as the Gateway to the Rockies, this All-America City on the eastern edge of the Denver-Aurora Metropolitan Area boasts spectacular views of the Front Range..."
^Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plan Colorado Springs(PDF), City of Colorado Springs, 31 January 2004 (Revised March, 2005), hlm. 12, diakses tanggal 2012-03-05, Colorado Springs became especially popular with the British and acquired the nickname Little London.Periksa nilai tanggal di: |date= (bantuan)
^Marshall Sprague, Newport in the Rockies, Ohio University Press, 1961. accessed 2008-03-21
^"Grand Junction, CO". Forbes.com. Diakses tanggal March 29, 2014. Grand Junction is located along the Colorado River, where it receives the Gunnison River from the south, giving the city its nickname River City.”
^History, Town of Garden City, Colorado, website, accessed May 1, 2011. "Do you know how Garden City got its name? In the 1930's, Greeley's nickname was 'the Garden City of the West'."
^Perrefort, Dirk. "Lawmakers honor Hat City, 4 veteran politicians"[pranala nonaktif permanen], The News-Times, April 1, 2008. Accessed April 10, 2008. "Lawmakers tipped their hats to Danbury on Wednesday during the first Danbury Day at the Capitol. Legislators from throughout the state wore hats of every shape, size and color to honor the Hat City's history."
^City to celebrate 100th anniversary of arboretumDiarsipkan 2012-04-02 di Wayback Machine., Middletown Press, April 21, 2009. Quotes the chairman of the Urban Forestry Commission as saying ""Middletown was known as the Forest City before this even happened. It's been that way for a long, long time."
^Sharma Howard, Norwich's 350th: Roses of all ages share pride in city[pranala nonaktif permanen], Norwich Bulletin, July 3, 2009: Lists several theories of the names origin: (1) "the hills seen from Norwich harbor resemble unfurling rose petals", (2) "the loveliness of Norwich when the magnificent mansions of prosperous mill owners graced the streets," (3) "a speech delivered by 19th-century evangelist Henry Ward Beecher."
^Rehoboth Beach DelawareDiarsipkan 2019-05-01 di Wayback Machine., Sussex County Online. Accessed April 10, 2008. "Long known as the 'Nation's Summer Capital' because of the number of Washingtonians who visit during the summer, Rehoboth Beach is Delaware's largest coastal town."
^14th Annual DeLand Fall Festival of the Arts, DeLand Fall Festival. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Conveniently located between Orlando and Daytona Beach, DeLand is known as the "Athens of Florida" because of its cultural and educational history and people."
^About Fort LauderdaleDiarsipkan 2008-04-12 di Wayback Machine., City of Fort Lauderdale. Accessed June 13, 2007. "The ideal place to live, to visit and to relocate a business. Listed below are pages to help you learn more about the City of Fort Lauderdale, Florida — Venice of America."
^The City of PalmsDiarsipkan 2008-01-25 di Wayback Machine., Greater Fort Myers Chamber of Commerce. Accessed June 13, 2007. "These magnificent Royal Palms, some towering at 75 feet, give the City of Palms its nickname."
^CITY OF FIVE FLAGSDiarsipkan 2007-09-28 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 12, 2007. "Known as the "City of Five Flags," Pensacola has been under the rule of the Spanish, the British, the French, the Confederacy and the United States since the first conquistadors landed in America in 1559."
^"DowntownSebring.Com". Diakses tanggal July 26, 2014. Sebring was given this nickname because in the center of the city is a circular park and all roads lead in and out from this circle like the spokes of a wagon wheel
^Laura Bergheim, An American Festival of World Capitals: From Garlic Queens to Cherry Parades (1997). John Wiley & Sons: p. 39.
^Douglas Waitley, Best Backroads of Florida: Coasts, Glades, and Groves (2001). Pineapple Press: p. 35.
^"History of Algonquin". Village of Algonquin, IL. 9 February 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 August 2014. Diakses tanggal 14 January 2012.
^"Aurora History – A Rapidly Growing City". About Our City. City of Aurora, IL. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 July 2012. Diakses tanggal 14 January 2012. Later, when the City was the first in the United States to use electric lights for publicly lighting the entire City, it achieved the nickname of 'City of Lights'.
^Schielke, Jeffery. "Our Town". Batavia History. City of Batavia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 October 2010. Diakses tanggal 14 January 2012.
^"Central Park skateboarders back to getting the boot – Mayor chases out those bored with their Fairview Park facility." Mike Frazier, Decatur Herald & Review, Saturday, November 11, 2006, p.A1
^"ADM lunch puts soy in spotlight – The company spreads the word about food's health benefits." Paul Brinkmann, Decatur Herald & Review, Saturday, November 20, 1999 p.A1
^Lombard InfoDiarsipkan 2010-05-27 di Wayback Machine., National University of Health Sciences, accessed April 21, 2007. "Held each year during the first three weeks in May, regardless of the vagaries of the growing season, Lilac Time is Lombard’s celebration of a 70-year-old horticultural tradition that has led to the town’s designation as “The Lilac Village,”"
^Morton Pumpkin Festival InformationDiarsipkan 2018-01-17 di Wayback Machine., Morton Chamber of Commerce, accessed April 21, 2007. "Morton is the "Pumpkin Capital of the World". Home of Nestle/Libby's pumpkin packing plant, 80% of the world's canned pumpkin is processed here."
^Another Gem City Landing?Diarsipkan 2007-09-27 di Wayback Machine., WGEM, April 10, 2007, accessed April 21, 2007. "QUINCY – It was an event that attracted thousands of people from around the world to the Gem City and then it moved to a different location -- Rantoul."
^Turtle DaysDiarsipkan 2011-07-10 di Wayback Machine., City of Churubusco, accessed April 21, 2007. "Oscar, however, does live on in memories, and is commemorated each year with a four-day Turtle Days celebration. Thus, Churubusco is world-renowned as TURTLE TOWN, USA."
^ abJacob Platt Dunn (1912), Indiana Geographical Nomenclature, Indiana Magazine of History, Volume 8, page 79. "Evansville is the 'Crescent City' from its location on the outer side of a curve on the Ohio River; the 'Pocket City' from its location in and as the metropolis of that part of the State popularly designated at 'The Pocket.'"
^Catherine Traylor Gregory, Evansville, Indiana Business Magazine, Sunday, June 1, 1997. Nickname refers to city's location on "a horseshoe-shaped section of the Ohio River."
^ abRich Davis, Words to live by; Pride extends from 'Best Town on Earth' to 'Hub of Universe', Evansville Courier & Press, January 27, 2008. "Evansville has long been 'Stoplight City' to truckers thanks to the dozen or so red lights on U.S. 41. ...And while it's true you'll find 'River City' atop Downtown Evansville's Main Street arches from the 1980s, it could just as easily proclaim Pocket City or Heavensville."
^Salter Rodriguez, Rosa (2007-06-22). "'City of Churches' hard to prove: Census stats can't back up old moniker". The Journal Gazette.
^Lohrmann, Shannon. "Flood brought out our best". The News-Sentinel.[perlu rujukan lengkap]
^Crothers, Julie (2013-06-18). "Righting a toppled icon". The Journal Gazette. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-05. Diakses tanggal 2013-07-18.
^ abTHE MAGIC CITY OF STEEL, accessed April 21, 2007. "Local boosters referred to the Town of Gary as the 'Magic City' and the 'City of the Century.'"
^Gary's steel town blues, BBC News, January 27, 2002, accessed April 21, 2007. "It is for this reason Gary, with its huge US Steel Gary Works plant – along with other, smaller steel firms – still refers to itself as 'Steel City'."
^Hot Spot: April 20-22[pranala nonaktif permanen], WISH-TV, April 20, 2007, accessed April 21, 2007. "INDIANAPOLIS – Looking for something fun to do with your family this weekend? There is plenty to do around the Circle City indoors and outside."
^"IndyStar". Indianapolis Star. 2009-06-19. Diakses tanggal 2009-06-19.
^Colts' arrival transformed Indy into major sports city, USA Today, January 28, 2007, accessed April 21, 2007. "INDIANAPOLIS (AP) — A convoy of moving vans brought more than the Colts to Indianapolis. The westward migration that cold, snowy night almost a quarter-century ago also awakened Naptown to a new era of professional football and transformed the city into a major league sports town."
^History of Grant County & Marion, IndianaDiarsipkan 2008-04-18 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 2, 2007. "Marion fielded professional baseball and roller polo teams, had its opera houses, supported rival street car companies and came within two weeks of operating the first electric interurban line in Indiana. Marion, "Queen City of the Gas Belt," was as exciting as a Roman candle lit at both ends."
^City of Peru, accessed April 2, 2007. "Being the "Circus Capital of the World", we celebrate our heritage each July with our own world class youth circus and parade."
^ abWarsaw: a growing "orthopedics capital of the world."Diarsipkan 2011-05-17 di Wayback Machine., Indiana Business Magazine, January 1, 2006. "Five industries employing more than 5,500 have earned Warsaw, long dubbed "Lake City" because of its three lakes, a new moniker. Today, Warsaw is also known as the 'Orthopedic Capital of the World.'"
^Rebecca Sunshine Our Hometown: Downtown Sioux City[pranala nonaktif permanen], KTIV NewsChannel 4, July 20, 2008: "Sioux City for a long time was called Little Chicago because of its reputation during the prohibition years in particular for being quite the purveyor of alcoholic beverages."
^Visit Lexington, Kentucky, accessed April 7, 2007. "Visiting a horse farm while you're in the Horse Capital of the World is a uniquely Bluegrass kind of experience you'll long remember."
^ abcdJonathan Meador, Art: Behold the mega churchDiarsipkan 2011-01-28 di Wayback Machine., LEO Weekly, January 20, 2010. "Louisville has its fair share of nicknames — River City, Falls City, Derby City, Aliville ... the list goes on. But there's one nickname that you might not be aware of: Due to the numerous and varied houses of worship within the city limits, Louisville was once known as the 'City of Beautiful Churches'."
^Horse Racing in Kentucky, Part II, accessed April 7, 2007. "By then Louisville businesses had severed their northern ties since the only market for Louisville-made tools and food staples was in the war-ravaged South, making "former Confederate officers and soldiers precious commodities when the city's Board of Trade began promoting Louisville as the 'Gateway to the South.'"
^Rich Davis, Words to live by; Pride extends from 'Best Town on Earth' to 'Hub of Universe', Evansville Courier & Press, January 27, 2008. "Until a few decades ago, Madisonville, Ky., had 'Best Town on Earth' signs spanning some of its thoroughfares. 'It goes back to 1903 when the local paper, then known as the Madisonville Daily Hustler, ran a contest to come up with a slogan,' says mayoral assistant Leslie Curneal."
^Matheny, Ann D. (2003). The Magic City: Footnotes to the History of Middlesborough, Kentucky, and the Yellow Creek Valley. Middlesboro, Kentucky: Bell County Historical Society. ISBN0-9677765-2-X. Retrieved on 2010-10-15
^Welcome to the Queen City, accessed April 7, 2007. "Although Bangor's history is of little national historical significance, a day in the Queen City of the East will provide the curious with opportunities to imagine the past."
^Bath School DepartmentDiarsipkan 2018-01-17 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 7, 2007. "Known as, "The City of Ships", Bath lies on the shore of the Kennebec River and has been a major shipbuilding center for centuries."
^Freeport, Maine. Maine Resource Guide, accessed January 22, 2013.
^Sally W. Rand. "Freeport's Role In Maine's Statehood". Freeport Historical Society. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-21. Diakses tanggal 2018-01-16. There has been concern for many years about the tradition that papers were signed in 1820 in Freeport making it the “Birthplace of Maine.” No verification for this claim has been found, ... but this unsubstantiated story has lingered on. Without sources, this legend does not stand up to scrutiny. ...The legend exaggerating Freeport’s true role in Maine statehood was further perpetuated by the sale of collectible china. Souvenir china was imported from Germany for sale in local dry goods store in the late 19th century.
^Celebrations, Welcome to Lincoln, Maine Website, accessed January 22, 2013
^"Best Monument". 2005 Baltimore Living Winners. Baltimore City Paper. September 21, 2005. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 12, 2007. Diakses tanggal September 19, 2007.
^The Next America RevisitedDiarsipkan September 30, 2011, di Wayback Machine., Levinson D. (2003) The Next America Revisited. Journal of Planning Education and Research. Summer 2003, Volume 22, Number 4, pp. 329-345.
^Patrick H. Stakem (2008). Railroading Around Cumberland. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN978-0-7385-5365-8. Diakses tanggal November 10, 2012. Located at the confluence of Wills Creek and the Potomac River, Cumberland, Maryland, is known as the Queen City of the Alleghenies.
^Trausch, Susan (1990), "There is Life Beyond Boston--Really," The Boston Globe, June 6, 1990, p. 17: "[Springfield] has Chicopee, "Kielbasa Capital of the World," right next door."
^O'Brien, George (2001), "Stretching the Imagination in Chicopee," BusinessWest, October 1, 2001: p. 14: "The city once known merely as the kielbasa capital of the universe now has much more on its plate."
^Examples of the use of this name include the book title Lexington, the Birthplace of American Liberty: A Handbook by Fred Smith Piper (first published in 1902, formerly available from the Lexington Historical Society [15]Diarsipkan 2012-05-27 di Wayback Machine., and currently available through Google Books), the Lexington Visitor Center website, and the City of Lexington websiteDiarsipkan 2007-06-10 di Wayback Machine. (all websites accessed January 6, 2008).
^"Visitor Services Board Meeting Minutes"(PDF). Town of Provincetown. August 22, 2005. Diarsipkan dari versi asli(PDF) tanggal 2015-06-07. Diakses tanggal 5 March 2012. Some members felt that although a slogan ("Like nowhere else") has been chosen, there needs to be more community input and consensus
^Matarazzo Jr., Bruno. "Historic buildings getting plundered for copper"Diarsipkan 2013-02-01 di Archive.is, The Salem News, April 23, 2007, accessed April 23, 2007. "SALEM – Think of a thief snatching a gold necklace from around a woman's neck as she walks down the street. Now think of the victim as a historic building, and you get an idea of one of the crime trends haunting the Witch City."
^Federal Reserve System and Brookings Institution (2008), Springfield, Massachusetts: Old Hill, Six Corners, and the South End neighborhoods, in The Enduring Challenge of Poverty in America: Case Studies from Communities Across the U.S. Retrieved from Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco website, November 19, 2011. "Springfield was once known as the 'City of Firsts'. It was the first to develop interchangeable parts..."
^A Message From The MayorDiarsipkan 2008-01-05 di Wayback Machine., City of Taunton, Massachusetts website, accessed April 23, 2007. "Throughout our glorious history, our community has earned the reputation as the Christmas City as visitors converge on Taunton from all corners of New England to witness the annual lighting of historic Taunton Green."
^City of Taunton, Massachusetts, accessed on the original site on April 23, 2007; archived on May 2, 2008. "Taunton has three nicknames; 'City of Firsts'- 1st Woman Proprietor, 1st to raise the Liberty & Union Flag 1774, and 1st Silver Manufacturer 'The Silver City- Had three major Silver Manufacturing Plants-1 remaining Christmas City-For decades the community lit up the Taunton green at the annual "Lights On" ceremony."
^Siek, Stephanie V. Waltham: Room to grow at museum", Boston Globe, April 12, 2007, accessed April 23, 2007. "You can see it at the new home of the Waltham Museum, which finally has enough room for its many windows into the past lives of the Watch City."
^ abThe Greening of DetroitDiarsipkan 2008-02-10 di Wayback Machine., accessed May 8, 2007 "The Greening of Detroit seeks to return the city of Detroit to its former glory as "The City of Trees" and "The Paris of the Midwest" by reforesting the city through tree planting projects and by using environmental education to generate the resolve, the necessary support, and the essential abilities necessary to ensure a safe, sustainable ecosystem for healthy trees with the city of Detroit."
^Detroit: Sights & Activities, Fodor's, accessed May 8, 2007 "Though the city nicknamed itself "Renaissance City" in the 1970s, it did little to deserve the title until recently."
^[18], accessed November 9, 2015 "Festival History"
^More Than Furniture CityDiarsipkan 2007-09-28 di Wayback Machine., accessed May 8, 2007 "After an 1876 international exhibition held in Philadelphia, Grand Rapids gained worldwide recognition as 'Furniture City.'"
^ abcdThe History of Kalamazoo MI, accessed May 8, 2007 "It's been called "The Paper City," for its many paper and cardboard mills; "The Celery City," after the crop once grown in the muck fields north, south, and east of town; and "The Mall City," after construction of the first outdoor pedestrian shopping mall in the United States in 1959. The fertile soil on which Kalamazoo is built has led the area to most recently be called the "Bedding Plant Capital of the World," as the county is home to the largest bedding plant cooperative in the U.S. "
^Burns, Robert C. "Brewmaster to create ale, pub downtown"Diarsipkan 2011-07-26 di Wayback Machine., Muskegon Chronicle, September 13, 2006 Accessed May 8, 2007 "Although Muskegon is known by some, very informally, as the 'Beer Tent Capital of the World,' the business plan cites 'an enormous unmet need in the microbrewery market in Muskegon.'"
^ abcHistory of MuskegonDiarsipkan 2008-05-16 di Wayback Machine., accessed May 8, 2007 "A river meets the lake at a place that's been known as the Lumber Queen of the world, the Port City and the Riviera of the Midwest; our own Muskegon."
^City of Niles Motto listed on web site logo, accessed May 8, 2007.
^Historical nickname commemorating the elaborate garden created and maintained by German immigrant gardener John Gipner, at the Michigan Central Railroad depot in Niles, per "Stations of DistinctionDiarsipkan 2009-01-20 di Wayback Machine.", Michigan History Online website, accessed May 30, 2009
^ abcTwin Ports: Duluth/SuperiorDiarsipkan 2011-10-02 di Wayback Machine., accessed May 8, 2007. "Duluth, also known as the "Zenith City", is the larger of the two, and usually gets the most notoriety, but Superior, also referred to as "Soup Town"(because of common fog overhangs!) has a lot to offer residents as well as visitors." Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "DuluthSuperior" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
^The History Of New UlmDiarsipkan 2007-02-06 di Wayback Machine., accessed May 8, 2007. "New Ulm, the City of "Charm and Tradition", is nestled just 90 miles southwest of the Twin Cities, in the heart of the scenic Minnesota River Valley."
^Downtown St. Cloud[pranala nonaktif permanen], accessed May 8, 2007. "Since 1898, the region has supported one of the world's largest granite producers, Cold Spring Granite. Helping to give St. Cloud the surname "Granite City", this family-owned company employs about 900 people locally, including third and fourth generation craftspeople."
^"Mississippi State Unveils Design For New Floor Of Humphrey Coliseum" (Siaran pers) (dalam bahasa Inggris). Mississippi State Bulldogs. 31 Agustus 2016. Diakses tanggal 20 Juni 2019. In an additional display of that local pride, Starkvegas – the nickname for Starkville – has been placed specifically in front of the student section along the baseline.
^"Cuba, Missouri: Mural City". University of Missouri – Convergence Journalism. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-12-22. Diakses tanggal December 10, 2015.
^ abcdeKansas City Background InformationDiarsipkan 2008-10-13 di Wayback Machine., 16th Annual ACI-NA Conference & Exhibition. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Kansas City, Missouri is often abbreviated as 'KCMO', or just 'KC' (although this often refers to the entire metro area). It is officially nicknamed the City of Fountains, with over 200 installations, ranking second in the world and exceeded only by Rome. It is also nicknamed the Heart of America because it is within 250 miles (400 km) of both the geographic and population centers of the United States. Informal nicknames include Jazz Capital of the World, Cowtown, and the BBQ Capital of the World, while residents are known as Kansas Citians."
^City of Fountains, Experience KC. Accessed June 13, 2007. "It's Kansas City. And these are but a few of the hundreds of majestic fountains that make their home in this Midwestern treasure, known as the City of Fountains."
^"Kansas City Draws Upon Its Jazz Heritage at Paris Air Show"Diarsipkan 2018-01-17 di Wayback Machine., Kansas City infoZine. June 11, 2007. "The Kansas City Aviation Department, Greater Kansas City Area Development Council, Platte County (Mo.) Economic Development Council and State of Missouri will join forces to host a 'Paris of the Plains' booth inside the U.S.A. Pavilion at the Paris Air Show (Hall 3, Booth D13B), featuring the music of well-known jazz icons such as Kansas City natives Charlie 'Yardbird' Parker, William 'Count' Basie and Jay McShann."
^Comprehensive Annual Financial ReportDiarsipkan 2011-10-02 di Wayback Machine., City of Kirkwood. Missouri, September 27, 2002. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Known as 'The Green Tree City,' the City is an attractive suburban residential community with tree- lined streets."
^Welcome to Moberly, Missouri, Moberly, MO – Official Website. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Founded in 1866, Moberly's explosive growth in 1873 earned it the title, 'The Magic City'."
^Springfield sits at the crossroads of history!Diarsipkan 2006-10-02 di Archive.is, Springfield, Missouri, Convention & Visitors Bureau. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Officially recognized as the birthplace of Route 66, it was in Springfield on April 30, 1926, that officials first proposed the name of the new Chicago-to-Los Angeles highway."
^Billings The Magic CityDiarsipkan 2011-09-30 di Wayback Machine., Billings Public Schools website, accessed June 2, 2010. "Billings got its nickname, The Magic City, because it seemingly grew overnight into the largest distribution center in Montana."
^Ted Widmer, Kennedy's Voice, Book review, The Washington Post, May 18, 2008, Page BW03. "[Lincoln in 1928] was a provincial enough place that it called itself 'the Hartford of the West.'"
^Big O Sizzling: National attention continues to pour in for OmahaDiarsipkan 2011-09-27 di Wayback Machine., Omaha City Weekly, accessed April 8, 2007. "Also, some city rankings use in-city numbers instead of MSA populations. When that happens, it's good for the Big O. As of July 2005, Omaha's MSA has 813,000 people, making it only the 60th largest in America, but the city of Omaha had 415,000 residents, making it the nation's 43rd largest municipality. "
^Fallon Convention and Tourism Authority, accessed April 8, 2007. "Farms and ranches remain a vital part of the local economy and contribute to the area's claim as the 'Oasis of Nevada'."
^Las VegasDiarsipkan 2005-03-12 di Wayback Machine., The Columbia Gazetteer of North America, accessed April 8, 2007. "It is considered the gambling capital of the world; gambling was legalized in 1931.... Its nightclubs, casinos, and championship boxing matches are world famous, and entertainment enterprises have led to an increasing array of music, sports, and gambling centers up and down the Strip, a.k.a. “Glitter Gulch.”"
^Las Vegas Sun, accessed May 15, 2008. "How Sin City evolved into ‘The Entertainment Capital of the World'"
^WinnemuccaDiarsipkan 2005-03-12 di Wayback Machine., The Columbia Gazetteer of North America, accessed April 8, 2007. "Advertises itself as 'city of paved streets.'"
^Berlin HistoryDiarsipkan 2007-03-31 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 8, 2007. "Due to this growth, Berlin soon became known as "The City That Trees Built"."
^City of Nashua, New Hampshire - Home Page, Nashua, New Hampshire. Accessed July 10, 2007. "Mayor Bernard A. Streeter welcomes you to the official website of the City of Nashua, NH.Whether you are relocating to our city, or just visiting and need some information we want you to feel welcome. The city is located 45 minutes from Boston, MA. on Route 3 and has been called 'The Gate City.'"
^Denville profile[pranala nonaktif permanen], Daily Record (Morristown), accessed April 22, 2007. "Known as the 'hub' of Morris County -- because of its central geographic location and spot along major transportation routes — this township is home to one of the most traditional town centers in the county."
^"Hackensack", FDU Magazine, Fall / Winter 2001. Accessed June 14, 2007. "Billed as 'A City in Motion', Hackensack has been on the move since before the founding of the United States."
^Holusha, John. " Commercial Property / The Jersey Riverfront; On the Hudson's West Bank, Optimistic Developers", The New York Times, October 11, 1998. Accessed May 25, 2007. "'That simply is out of the question in midtown,' he said, adding that some formerly fringe areas in Midtown South that had previously been available were filled up as well. Given that the buildings on the New Jersey waterfront are new and equipped with the latest technology and just a few stops on the PATH trains from Manhattan, they become an attractive alternative. 'It's the sixth borough,' he said."
^A wet day in the Hub City, from the Home News Tribune, September 23, 1999. "A few days short of 60 years, on Wednesday, Sept. 16, a dreary, drizzly day just ahead of the deluge of Hurricane Floyd, the Home News Tribune sent 24 reporters, 9 photographers and one artist into the Hub City, as it is known, to take a peek into life in New Brunswick as it is in 1999."
^City of PlainfieldDiarsipkan 2007-07-08 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 5, 2007. "On behalf of the City of Plainfield, I greet you with the passion and enthusiasm that hopefully you share for our Queen City, Plainfield, New Jersey."
^Cunningham, John (2004). This is New Jersey 4th ed. Yonkers, NY: Rutgers University Press; Hudson River Museum. hlm. 100. ISBN0-8135-2141-6.
^Union City 2000 Calendar; 2000; culled from History of West Hoboken and Union Hill by Ella-Mary Ryman; 1965 and "The Historical Background of Union City" by Daniel A. Primont, William G. Fiedler and Fred Zuccaro; 1964
^Rosero, Jessica. "Most liquor licenses? Bumpiest town? Local municipalities hold unusual distinctions"Diarsipkan 2016-01-12 di Wayback Machine., Hudson Reporter, August 27, 2006. Accessed June 25, 2007. "At one time, Union City had its own claim to fame as being the second largest Cuban community in the nation, after Miami. During the wave of immigrant exiles of the 1960s, the Cuban population that did not settle in Miami's Little Havana found its way to the north in Union City. However, throughout the years, the growing Cuban community has spread out to other regions of North Hudson."
^"Archived copy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-02-08. Diakses tanggal 2011-11-03. What's Up Burque
^Santa Fe, New MexicoDiarsipkan 2006-12-01 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 5, 2007. "Nestled at 7000 feet in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, Santa Fe, New Mexico, the "City Different", is America's oldest capital city and claims a long history and rich cultural heritage."
^Unique and Hidden DestinationsDiarsipkan 2007-10-18 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 5, 2007. "But in Santa Rosa, an unassuming small town 114 east of Albuquerque on I-40, you can dive year-round in the clear blue waters of a spring-fed well billed as "the scuba capital of the Southwest."
^MSN Encarta states that this nickname "resulted from the meeting here in 1754 of the Albany Congress, which adopted Benjamin Franklin's Plan of Union, the first formal proposal to unite the colonies."[24]Diarsipkan 2009-10-29 di Wayback Machine.. 2009-10-31.
^Ryley, Sarah. "Brooklyn Atlantic Yards: 'Wrong Church, Wrong Pew,' Says Manhattan Judge in Tenants' Case", Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 18, 2007. Accessed June 13, 2007. "State Supreme Court Justice Walter Tolub ruled the action 'was brought both in the wrong church and the wrong pew,' making reference to Brooklyn's early reputation as the 'City of Churches'. In a footnote, the judge cited an 1844 issue of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle as the origin of that nickname."
^Corning, New YorkDiarsipkan 2007-12-12 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 16, 2007. "Recognized as a world leader in glass-making – and dubbed "Crystal City" for its prominence – Corning boasts a heritage that dates to the 1860s."
^Local HistoryDiarsipkan 2017-01-26 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 5, 2007. "Known as the 'Crown City' because of its location on a plain formed by the convergence of seven valleys, Cortland is situated about 1,130 feet above sea level, making it the uppermost city to crown the state."
^Aswad, Ed; Meredith, Suzanne M. (2003). Endicott-Johnson. Charleston, SC: Arcadia. hlm. 23. ISBN9780738513065. Diakses tanggal 26 February 2015.
^Florida, New YorkDiarsipkan 2008-01-02 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 16, 2007. "Onion farming became the primary source of agricultural revenue, resulting in the area being known as "The Onion Capital of the World." Growing, packing, and distribution of this crop continues to be Florida's most important industry."
^Motola, Chris. "Nestle and Sonoco Plants Expected to Resume Operation Under New Ownership", Oswego County Business, December 10, 2003, accessed April 16, 2007. "Fulton may once again live up to its slogan, 'a city with a future.' New York State Gov. George Pataki arrived to unveil the good news at a press conference at the Fulton Municipal Building on Dec. 10 at 2PM."
^[25], accessed November 19, 2013. "It may be 'the town that friendship built.' But Hamburg’s three-member Town Board has been rife with bickering and discord."
^Glenn Curtiss, accessed April 16, 2007. "Here, in the picturesque village of Hammondsport, known locally as the "cradle of aviation," Glenn H. Curtiss, world famous aviation pioneer who died unexpectedly in a Buffalo hospital, will be buried at 4 o'clock tomorrow afternoon."
^Purdum, Todd S. "POLITICAL MEMO; An Embattled City Hall Moves to Brooklyn", The New York Times, February 22, 1992. Accessed March 27, 2008. "Leaders in all of them fear that recent changes in the City Charter that shifted power from the borough presidents to the City Council have diminished government's recognition of the sense of identity that leads people to say they live in the Bronx, and to describe visiting Manhattan as 'going to the city.'"
^Finn, Robin. "A Vigilant Eye on Threats to the 'Capital of the World'", The New York Times, June 8, 2007. Accessed June 13, 2007. "'What makes this the biggest challenge in all that we do as an agency is, well, as the late pope said, New York City is the capital of the world,' he says, leading the way into his spacious sanctum at 26 Federal Plaza."
^Aakanksha Pagnis (October 5, 2009). "New York: The City of Dreams". The Viewspaper. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-01-17. Diakses tanggal December 11, 2015.
^"New York, New York" LyricsDiarsipkan 2008-01-11 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 16, 2007. "These vagabond shoes / Are longing to stray / And make a brand new start of it / New York, New York / I want to wake up in the city that never sleeps..."
^Pfeiffer, Rick. "NIAGARA FALLS: Courthouse crumbles"Diarsipkan 2012-09-09 di Archive.is, Niagara Gazette, April 4, 2007, accessed April 16, 2007. "You don't have to look far to find structural faults — there is more police crime scene tape stretched around problem areas at the Public Safety Building then there is on Cataract City streets."
^The Town of Tonawanda - HistoryDiarsipkan 2016-08-11 di Wayback Machine., accessed April 16, 2007. "By the turn of the century Tonawanda and North Tonawanda, jointly known as 'The Lumber City', was the largest lumber supply center in the world."
^ abHistory of Ogdensburg, Thousand Islands. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Attracting people from far and wide, we became the 'New York of the North'. At that time the community was known as 'the Maple City' and a city form of government was adopted on April 27, 1868."
^"The First Annual Black Dirt Feast: Program Guide"(PDF). July 28, 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli(PDF) tanggal 2012-12-24. Diakses tanggal 2018-01-16. By the mid 19th century ... immigrant farmers, had drained the mucklands and planted the magnificent golden onions that made the region famous, eventually reaching a yield of 30,000 pounds of onions per acre. Pine Island, in the heart of the Black Dirt, became known as 'The Onion Capital of the World'.
^ abcd"Rochester FAQs". Greater Rochester Visitors Association. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 15, 2008. Diakses tanggal June 13, 2007. Rochester has been known as the "Young Lion of the West," the "Flour City," and the "Flower City." During the 1990s, Rochester was called "The World's Image Centre," a title stemming from its unique and impressive history in photography, xerography, and optics along with its leading role in manufacturing/research activities, and impressive educational resources in both traditional and evolving imaging sciences.
^ abRochester's HistoryDiarsipkan 2018-01-17 di Wayback Machine. webpage; "1850–1899: Westward expansion has moved the focus of farming to the Great Plains. Rochester's importance as the center for flour milling has declined. Several seed companies in Rochester have grown to become the largest in the world. Rochester's nickname is changed from the Flour City to the Flower City."
^Paul Post, Saratoga group hopes to create Thoroughbred parkDiarsipkan 2019-05-01 di Wayback Machine., Thoroughbred Times, November 21, 2008. "Mayor Scott Johnson said the city cannot afford to purchase the parcel but that he supports the foundation’s efforts, which he said would be a welcome addition to the 'Racing City's' landscape."
^Mokhiber, Jessica. "Spa City celebrates Mardi Gras with sister city", Capital News 9, February 18, 2007. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Waveland, Mississippi and Saratoga are hundreds of miles from each other but they are connected by a special bond. After hurricane Katrina they became sister cities. This weekend people from Waveland helped the Spa City celebrate its very first Mardi Gras."
^Roane, Kit R. "The Forgotten New York", U.S. News & World Report, January 7, 2007. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Back in the 1950s, maybe. But the song, adopted by the city in 1995, expresses more hope than reality these days. Once known as 'the city that lights and hauls the world,' Schenectady has become a dim bulb and the first stop in a long, bleak road that runs through much of upstate New York, a countryside pockmarked with a series of eerie industrial relics and shuttered mill towns."
^15 July 1928, New York Times, pg. RE1: "Urging Staten Island operators to be cautious about pricing their realty, W. Burke Harmon, President of the Harmon National Real Estate Corporation, yesterday declared that sudden price increases on properties at this time might well result in halting the normal development of what he calls 'this forgotten borough that has suddenly stepped into the limelight.'"
^"A History of Syracuse City Hall". City of Syracuse official website. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-01-17. Diakses tanggal December 11, 2015. Syracuse, called the 'Salt City,' flourished in the mid-1800s.
^"St. John, ND History", accessed December 11, 2015. "Material in this history of St. John comes from many sources including: St. John: City at the End of the Rainbow, ..."
^Donald L. Plusquellic, "From the Mayor", Akron CityDiarsipkan September 28, 2011, di Wayback Machine., May–August 2006, p. 2. Retrieved from City of Akron website, April 24, 2012.
^When the Banks Killed ClevelandDiarsipkan May 27, 2009, di Wayback Machine.; "Once upon a time, Cleveland, Ohio was called 'The Best Location in the Nation.' ... It was once the 7th-largest city in the nation, population-wise, and was a booming industrial town."
^Bruce Spotleson, New museum revives Las Vegas’ mob history, Vegas Inc. website, April 18, 2011. Regarding Youngstown, the article states: "A 1963 article on the topic in the Saturday Evening Post said the city was also known as 'Murdertown'."
^The AP in Ohio, Associated Press website, accessed May 9, 2011. Jim Michaels, WKBN-AM, Youngstown, won a "best feature reporting" award in 2006 for "Murdertown USA – A Title That Won't Go Away". Diarsipkan February 21, 2009, di Wayback Machine.
^Linkon, Sherry Lee; Russo, John (2002). Steeltown, U.S.A. Lawrence, Kasas: University Press of Kansas. hlm. 69. ISBN978-070061292-5.
^Linkon, Sherry Lee; Russo, John (2002). Steeltown, U.S.A. Lawrence, Kasas: University Press of Kansas. hlm. 150. ISBN978-070061292-5.
^Track Town U.S.A. is back, The Oregonian, June 26, 2008: "As it prepares to stage its first U.S. Olympic Track and Field Trials in 28 years, Eugene seems to be channeling some of the fearless spirit of the legendary Steve Prefontaine.... Eugene aims for nothing less than cementing its place in history as Track Town U.S.A."
^Salter, Rosa (April 20, 2003). "Two in tune with the times ** At 175, Allentown Band, America's oldest, preserves best of tradition". The Morning Call. hlm. E.01.. "1967: Allentown named Band City-U.S.A"
^Whelan, Frank (March 13, 2002). "Hamilton Street used to be thick with peanut shells ** And Allentown's Army Camp Crane once had a popular commander". The Morning Call. hlm. B.04.. "Allentown's title as the Peanut City goes back to the late 19th and early 20th century when large amounts of them were eaten in the Lehigh Valley. From the 1880s to the 1920s, vendors lined Hamilton Street, singing jingles in Pennsylvania Dutch about the superior quality of their peanuts. Former Call-Chronicle Sunday editor John Y. Kohl recalled in 1967 that the peanuts were eaten mostly by young men and boys who would walk Hamilton Street on Saturday nights flirting with girls and 'throwing the shells about with complete abandon.' Sunday morning sidewalks were 'not quite ankle deep' in shells. Merchants would get up early to sweep them into the gutter so churchgoers would not have to wade through them.'"
^Whelan, Frank (May 7, 1991). "'Cement City' Moniker Is A Mystery American Heritage Says Label Was Allentown's". The Morning Call. hlm. B.03.. "Queen City's origins as an Allentown nickname are obscure. It is believed to come from a turn-of-the-century competition hosted by the Allentown Chamber of Commerce. The winning entry was said to be Queen City."
^Whelan, Frank (May 7, 1991). "Cement City' Moniker Is A Mystery American Heritage Says Label Was Allentown's". The Morning Call. hlm. B.03.. "Silk City for example, is a throwback to the late 19th and early 20th century, when Allentown was known for its many silk mills. Although the last mill closed a few years ago, the name hangs on in the minds of older residents."
^Pawtucket the real winner in annual Dragon boat race, Providence Journal, September 11, 2005. The Pawtucket Bucketeers, a local team participating in this race, derived its name "from their city's less-than-gracious nickname."
^thebucketri.comDiarsipkan 2009-01-14 di Wayback Machine.: "'The Bucket', intended as a derogatory knick-name for the city of Pawtucket, has been embraced by locals..."
^City of Providence, Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation website, accessed January 5, 2008. "Providence has taken on the name 'The Renaissance City' in the 1990s as new office buildings, apartments, hotels, the Rhode Island Convention Center, Waterplace Park, and the Fleet Skating Rink liven the Downcity District."
^ abProvidence needs a new brand name by Mark Faverman, Providence Journal, December 24, 2006, accessed January 5, 2008. "Previous names like the Beehive of Industry and Renaissance City have not captured the public’s imagination and have failed to convey the right tone or uniqueness."
^Warwick, VisitRhodeIsland.com website, accessed August 7, 2009
^Appreciate the arts[pranala nonaktif permanen], Editorial in Anderson Independent Mail, accessed April 13, 2007. "Head on down North Main to the courthouse square to visit the statue of William Church Whitner, the man who put the "electric" in the Electric City. He holds his pocket watch and looks at a street light that is about to light up for the first time, marking the first long-distance transmission of electricity in the South."
^Charleston, South Carolina, SciWay (South Carolina's Information Highway) website, accessed February 19, 2010
^G'vegas On the Retirement of Bill Workman, Senator Lindsey Graham transcript of floor speech, accessed April 13, 2007. "Over the past few decades, Greenville and upstate South Carolina have slowly been transformed from being a textile capital of the world to a much more diversified economy."
^City Manager[pranala nonaktif permanen], accessed April 13, 2007. "Have a great time exploring and learning about our wonderful City and about the special quality of life that we have all come to know as Greenwood, the Emerald City."
^Reader's Report: Good Ol' Cast IronDiarsipkan 2008-12-04 di Wayback Machine., Farmer's Almanac Television, April 2005, accessed April 22, 2007. "Whet your "rhubarb appetite" and watch for Jodi's report and recipes from Leola's Rhubarb Days. This town of 500 is the Rhubarb Capital of the World!"
^ abcChattanooga Info..., University of Tennessee Chattanooga, Department of Psychology website, accessed January 5, 2008. "Chattanooga has for a long time been considered The Gateway to the South. It is at the crossroads of the railroads, major highways, and the Tennessee River. In recent years it has been completely reborn in a transformation that has also earned it the nickname The Smartest City. You can add those great nicknames to its two existing ones The Scenic City and The City of Lights."
^Listed on welcome signs at the entrances to the towm
^Refers to the city's Prohibition-era reputation as a center for trade in illegal alcoholic beverages ("Little Chicago"Diarsipkan 2006-12-01 di Wayback Machine. on Johnson's Depot website, accessed March 31, 2009).
^Knoxville area informationDiarsipkan 2007-10-30 di Wayback Machine., Mast General Store website, accessed January 5, 2008. "In the 1800s and early 1900s, the city was very important as a manufacturing and warehouse district. Knoxville was known as 'The Marble City' because of the famous pink marble supplied by quarries surrounding the city."
^Orkin, David. "THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO: TENNESSEE", The Independent, January 7, 2006, accessed April 22, 2007. "The king is dead, but the Presley legend lives on in Tennessee's largest city, Memphis, which is also the birthplace of the blues and a jewel of the Mississippi."
^Nashville: The Athens of the SouthDiarsipkan 2016-11-19 di Wayback Machine., About.com, accessed April 22, 2007. "By the 1850's, Nashville had already earned the nickname of the "Athens of the South" by having established numerous higher education institutions as well as being the first Southern City to establish a public school system."
^ abCity of Shelbyville official website, accessed January 5, 2008. "We are known as the Walking Horse Capital of the World, and the Grand Champion Tennessee Walking Horse is crowned at our TWH National Celebration annually. Shelbyville is known as The Pencil City because of its historical importance to pencil manufacturing, although today more "writing instruments" than pencils are produced here."
^The nickname is used in the title of a book, Abilene, The Key City, by Juanita Daniel Zachry, published in 1986 by Windsor Publications in cooperation with the Texas Sesquicentennial Committee for Abilene.b/OL2714832M/Abilene,-the-key-city
^Peter Applebome (November 21, 1988). "25 Years After the Death of Kennedy, Dallas Looks at Its Changed Image". New York Times. Few American cities have come under the kind of national scorn that befell Dallas in the days and weeks after President Kennedy died here. The city found itself widely condemned as a city of hate.
^"Economic Development". City of Deer Park, Texas. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-23. Diakses tanggal 2018-01-16. Why the "Birthplace of Texas"? Deer Park is the site where initial treaty documents securing Texas' independence from Mexico were drafted following the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836.
^City of El Paso websiteDiarsipkan 2009-07-12 di Wayback Machine., accessed June 15, 2010. "Mild weather and below average cost of living has attracted several new residents and businesses to the Sun City."
^Oliver Knight and Cissy Stewart Lale (1953) Fort Worth, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, page 109: "Fort Worth in 1880 was being hailed as the Queen City of the Prairie."
^Katherine Ling, Buoyed by fresh petrodollars, 'Energy City' dares to hope, Greenwire (E&E Publishing), June 2, 2008. "Battered by the petroleum industry's decline in the 1980s and hit hard by Hurricane Rita in 2005, the self-proclaimed "Energy City" has struggled for years with high unemployment, crime and pollution."
^ abA Changed OasisDiarsipkan 2009-01-07 di Wayback Machine., Short Grass Country website. "In a deft switch of wording, San Angelo changed its slogan from The Wool Capital Of The World to The Wool Capital Of The Nation. The Chamber of Commerce office confirmed the change. While I waited, the telephone tape said over and over, 'San Angelo is the oasis of West Texas'..."
^ abBrief History, City of Weatherford website. "Named by the State Legislature as the Peach Capital of Texas, Weatherford and Parker County growers produce the biggest, sweetest, juiciest peaches in all of Texas... Known as the Cutting Horse Capital of the World, Weatherford is home to dozens of professional trainers [and] hall-of-fame horses."
^Popik, Barry. "Barry Popik". www.barrypopik.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2022-05-18.
^Zezima, Kate "Headstones Too Go Global, and One City Pays the Price", The New York Times, October 25, 2006, accessed April 15, 2007. "Barre, Vt. — This city of 9,000 bills itself as the “granite capital of the world,” its economic foundation built early in the last century with the light gray rock from nearby quarries."
^City of Burlington Police Home Page, accessed April 15, 2007. "The Burlington Police Department was commissioned in 1865 to provide law enforcement services to the Queen City."
^ abMontpelier Wants a NicknameDiarsipkan 2012-04-06 di Wayback Machine., WCAX-TV, April 17, 2009: "Burlington is known as the Queen City; Winooski is the Onion City and Montpelier... well the capital is looking for a nickname..."
^Nichols, John. " Being Like Bernie", The Nation, August 15, 2005, accessed April 15, 2007. "After almost thirty-five years of close to constant campaigning, first as the gadfly candidate of the left-wing Liberty Union Party for senator and governor in the 1970s, then as the radical mayor of "The People's Republic of Burlington" in the 1980s and, since 1990, as the only independent in modern history to repeatedly win a US House seat, Sanders has forged relationships with generations of Vermont voters, many of whom echo the sentiments of Warren attorney Mark Grosby, who says, 'I used to be a diehard Republican. Now, I'm a diehard for Bernie.'"
^Barna, Ed. "Rutland area continues broad economic expansion", Vermont Business Magazine, June 1, 2001, accessed April 15, 2007. "The extraction industry, historically important for a place nicknamed the Marble City, made headlines due to the OMYA marble grinding company's efforts to help meet a surging worldwide demand for calcium carbonate."
^Flagg, Kathryn (February 1, 2012). "Leaving RutVegas". Seven Days. Diakses tanggal June 2, 2013. Defensive, a bit resistant to outsiders and staunchly self-reliant, Rutlanders bristle at the pejorative moniker and its attendant connotations. ... For decades, the blue-collar railroad town has battled a reputation as the unofficial capital of drugs and crime in Vermont. To outsiders, it’s a gritty place — the part of Vermont where your tires might get slashed. Where you should lock your doors. Where, at best, there’s not much to do.
^The Roanoke StarDiarsipkan 2011-10-28 di Wayback Machine., City of Roanoke website, accessed January 5, 2008. The nickname refers to a large lighted star on a mountainside overlooking the city, installed in 1949 and originally intended as a Christmas decoration. "It was over 50 years ago Roanoke earned the nickname, 'Star City of the South,' and the star has been a part of the landscape of Mill Mountain ever since."
^Case 54: Roanoke, VirginiaDiarsipkan 2007-07-28 di Wayback Machine., Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies website, accessed January 5, 2008. "The City of Roanoke, once known as the 'Magic City' due to the speed of the city’s growth, was chartered in 1884."
^Nard Jones remarked in his 1972 book Seattle (Doubleday, ISBN0-385-01875-4), p. 354, that the nickname was "almost abandoned now because of a homosexual twist of semantics".
^History of the Spokane Lilac FestivalDiarsipkan 2008-04-24 di Wayback Machine., originally prepared by Linda Kiddo and updated as of February 2004. "The suggestion that Spokane be known as 'The Lilac City' is attributed to Dr. S. E. Lambert, W.T. Triplett and John W. Duncan. In the early 1930s these men encourage the local garden club to plant lilac bushes throughout the City of Spokane."
^Grant County Chamber of CommerceDiarsipkan 2008-10-02 di Wayback Machine. website ("Petersburg is known as the 'Home of the Golden Trout', which is a color mutation of the regular rainbow and was developed using selective breeding at the Petersburg hatchery.")
^Iron and SteelDiarsipkan 2011-09-26 di Wayback Machine., Ohio County Public Library website ("The city comes fairly by her sobriquet, 'The Nail City.' Here are cut more nails than in any other city in the world.")
^A Symbol for a CityDiarsipkan 2007-08-23 di Wayback Machine., on the Dane County Cultural Affairs Commission's Madison: A Capital Idea website, accessed January 5, 2008. "An art lover at the 1976 Art Fair on the Square sports the Mad City T-shirt created by Russ Frank of the Madison Top Company two years earlier."
^Brew City loses its oldest brewery, by Lisa Price, October 31, 1996, on CNN.com website. "Milwaukee has never had an identity crisis -- as one city resident said, 'We've been Brew City for 135 years.'"
^ abJan Uebelherr, "Magazine tips hat to Mil-town[pranala nonaktif permanen]," The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, August 31, 2007. "Spin magazine takes a dizzying spin through Brewtown in its September issue in a little travelogue called '72 Hours in Milwaukee.'"
^The "Cream City" nickname refers to the cream-colored brick produced in Milwaukee and used in many of its 19th-century buildings.Cream City BrickDiarsipkan 2006-10-18 di Wayback Machine., by Terry Pepper, updated 12/02/2007
^A local mechanic and businessman built the first workable snowmobile in his shop in Sayner (About Plum Lake TownshipDiarsipkan 2008-05-17 di Wayback Machine., Sayner-Star Lake Chamber of Commerce website, accessed July 26, 2008)
^"A souvenir of Fond du Lac County, Wis. ([1904?])", The State of Wisconsin Collection, University of Wisconsin Library, Waupun, "The Prison City,' is a city of 4,000 inhabitants and located on a beautiful table land which gives it a dry and healthful climate.
^"City Dictionary". 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-11. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-11.; particularly derisive name due to the village's traditionally high percentage of Caucasian residents (91.9% as of the 2010 census)
^Welcome to the official City of Cheyenne Website!, City of Cheyenne. Accessed June 13, 2007. The "Magic City of the Plains" is located at the intersection of Interstates 25 and 80 in southeast Wyoming."
^About the Laramie Main street ProgramDiarsipkan 2011-10-05 di Wayback Machine., Downtown Laramie. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Its residents will be proud to turn their attentions to its heart and core, reminiscent of and perpetuating Laramie’s reputation as the Gem City of the Plains."
^Upton, Wyoming Tales and Trails website, accessed June 26, 2011
^John Michael Vlach, The Quest for a Capital, Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-04-19, diakses tanggal April 15, 2012, One of the early nicknames for the District of Columbia was "the American Rome."
^U.S. City Motto & Moniker List, Tagline Guru, diakses tanggal April 15, 2012. Lists the slogan "Washington – It’s a Capital City!"
^ abP.J. Orvetti (July 30, 2010), Welcome to the DMV, 4 NBC Washington (NBCUniversal, Inc.), diakses tanggal April 15, 2012
^Giles, Dari. "Sweet Times in Chocolate City - visiting Washington, D.C", Essence (magazine), April 1999. Accessed June 13, 2007. "For business or pleasure, you'll be hardpressed to do it all in just one visit, but try anyway with our selection from the many things to do and see in the Chocolate City, named, some say, because of its large African-American presence."
^Clark, Allen C. (1935). "Origin of the Federal City". Records of the Columbia Historical Society. The Historical Society of Washington, D.C. 35–6: 1–97.
^Eberstadt, Nicholas. "Why babies die in D.C - District of Columbia", Public Interest, Spring 1994. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Across the country and around the world, Washington is notorious as the "murder capital of America" -- the city with the highest homicide rate of any major U.S. urban center."
^Ponce: General Information. Puerto Rico Encyclopedia.Diarsipkan 2012-07-07 di Wayback Machine. The City is known as "The Noble City" because of the aristocratic (Señorial is derived from Señor, Spanish for "Sir") look of the Spanish colonial architecture of its homes introduced by wealthy landlords in the 17th, 18th, and 19th century. Note: There is no exact translation into English of the Spanish word "Señorial". Thus, some authors also translate it into "The Majestic City." Retrieved November 25, 2009.
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