Bolshevisme Yahudi , juga Yudeo–Bolshevisme , adalah sebuah tuduhan antisemitik dan antikomunis , yang menuduh bahwa Yahudi adalah cikal bakal dari Revolusi Rusia pada 1917 dan bahwa mereka memegang kekuasaan utama di kalangan Bolshevik . Selain itu, teori konspirasi Komunisme Yahudi menyatakan bahwa Yahudi mendominasi gerakan-gerakan Komunis di dunia, dan berkaitan dengan teori konspirasi Pemerintahan Pendudukan Zionis , yang menyatakan bahwa Yahudi mengendalikan politik dunia.
Pada 1917, setelah revolusi Oktober, istilah tersebut dijadikan judul pamflet Bolshevisme Yahudi , yang tampil dalam propaganda rasis pasukan anti-komunis gerakan Putih pada Perang Saudara Rusia (1918–22). Partai Nazi di Jerman dan German-American Bund di Amerika Serikat memajukan teori anti-Semitik kepada para pengikut, simpatisan dan rekan penjelajah mereka pada 1930an.[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] Żydokomuna ", menjadi sebuah stereotipe antisemitik yang banyak menyebar pada periode antar-perang .[ 6]
Istilah "Bolshevisme Yahudi", "Komunisme Yahudi" dan "Pemerintahan Pendudukan Zionis " dipakai oleh sayap kanan jauh sebagai istilah untuk anggapan palsu bahwa Komunisme adalah konspirasi Yahudi.[ 7]
Catatan
^ Partridge, Christopher and Geaves, Ron. (2007). “Antisemitism, Conspiracy Culture, Christianity, and Islam: The History and Contemporary Religious Significance of the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion”, The Invention of Sacred Tradition , James R. Lewis and Olav Hammer, Eds. pp. 75–95. [Online]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available from: Cambridge Books Online doi :10.1017/CBO9780511488450.005 [Accessed 12 April 2016]
^ Frederickson, Kari (1996). "CATHRINE CURTIS AND CONSERVATIVE ISOLATIONIST WOMEN, 1939-1941" . The Historian . 58 (4): 826. doi :10.1111/j.1540-6563.1996.tb00977.x . ISSN 0018-2370 . ^ Glen Jeansonne (9 June 1997). Women of the Far Right: The Mothers' Movement and World War II ISBN 978-0-226-39589-0 . ^ Laqueur, Walter Ze'ev (1965-01-01). Russia and Germany ISBN 9781412833547 . ^ Krzysztof Szwagrzyk, "Żydzi w kierownictwie UB. Stereotyp czy rzeczywistość?", Biuletyn IPN (11/2005), pp. 37-42
^ Philip Mendes (2010). "Debunking the myth of Jewish communism" .
Referensi
Alderman, G. (1983). The Jewish Community in British Politics 102 . Ascher, Abraham (1992). The Revolution of 1905 . Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. Churchill, Winston (8 February 1920). "Zionism versus Bolshevism" . Illustrated Sunday Herald . Evans, Richard J. (1989). In Hitler's Shadow West German Historians and the Attempt to Escape the Nazi Past . New York: Pantheon. ISBN 978-0-394-57686-2 . Figes, Orlando (2008). The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia . London: Picador. Förster, Jürgen (2005). "The German Military's Image of Russia". Dalam Erickson, Ljubica; Erickson, Mark. Russia War, Peace and Diplomacy . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. Friedman, Isaiah (1997). Germany, Turkey, and Zionism 1897-1918 . Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0765804075
Fromkin, David (2009). A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East. Holt Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0805088090
Gerrits, André (2009). The Myth of Jewish Communism: A Historical Interpretation . Peter Lang. Herf, Jeffrey (2008). The Jewish Enemy: Nazi Propaganda During World War II and the Holocaust . Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Hillgruber, Andreas (1987). "War in the East and the Extermination of the Jews" (PDF) . 18 . Yad Vashem Studies: 103–132. Himmler, Heinrich (1936). Die Schutzstaffel als Antibolschewistische Kampforganisation Hoffman, Stefani; Mendelsohn, Ezra (2008). The Revolution of 1905 and Russia's Jews . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Kellogg, Michael (2008). The Russian Roots of Nazism. White Émigrés and the Making of National Socialism, 1917–1945 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521070058 . Kershaw, Ian (1999). Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris . Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-14-192579-0 . Kershaw, Ian (2000). Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis . Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-14-027239-0 . Laqueur, Walter (1990). Russia and Germany: A Century of Conflict Lebzelter, Gisela (1978). Political anti-Semitism in England: 1918-1939 . Oxford: Macmillan. ISBN 9780333242513 . Levin, Nora (1988). The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917 . New York University Press: New York. "Mohammad Ali Ramin, Advisor to Iranian President Ahmadinejad: 'Hitler Was Jewish' " . Middle East Media Research Institute. 3 January 2007. McMeekin, Sean (2012). The Berlin-Baghdad Express: The Ottoman Empire and Germany's Bid for World Power . Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0674064324
Moss, Walter (2005). A History of Russia: Since 1855 ISBN 1-84331-034-1 . Pinkus, Benjamin (1990). The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pipes, Daniel (1997). Conspiracy: How the Paranoid Style Flourishes and Where it Comes From ISBN 0-684-83131-7 . "Radicalism and Reactionary Politics in America" . The Hall-Hoag Collection of Dissenting and Extremist Printed Propaganda. Woodbridge: Primary Source Microfilm. 2005. Resis, Albert (2000). "The Fall of Litvinov: Harbinger of the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact". Europe-Asia Studies . 52 (1). JSTOR 153750 . Ro'i, Yaacov (1995). Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union . Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-4619-9 . Webb, James (1976). Occult Establishment: The Dawn of the New Age and the Occult Establishment . Open Court Publishing. Wein, Berel (1976). Triumph of Survival: The Jews in the Modern Era 1600-1990 . Brooklyn: Mesorah. Witte, Sophie (24 March 1907). "Just Before the Duma Opened" (PDF) . New York Times .
Bacaan tambahan
Mikhail Agursky: The Third Rome: National Bolshevism in the USSR , Boulder: Westview Press, 1987 ISBN 0-8133-0139-4
Harry Defries, Conservative Party Attitudes to Jews, 1900-1950 Jewish Bolshevism , p. 70, ISBN 0-7146-5221-0
Dennis Fahey : Rulers of Russia , 3rd American edition, revised and enlarged, Detroit: Condon Printing Co., 1940Johannes Rogalla von Bieberstein: '"Juedischer Bolschewismus". Mythos und Realität'. Dresden: Antaios, 2003, ISBN 3-935063-14-8 ; 2.ed. Graz: Ares, 2010.
Peter Longerich : Holocaust - The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews OUP 2010 ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5 .Arno J. Mayer . (1988). Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? New York: Pantheon.Yuri Slezkine : The Jewish Century , Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004 ISBN 0-691-11995-3 Scott Ury, Barricades and Banners: The Revolution of 1905 and the Transformation of Warsaw Jewry (Stanford, 2012). ISBN 978-0-804763-83-7
Arkady Vaksberg : Stalin against the Jews , New York: Vintage Books (a division of Random House), 1994, ISBN 0-679-42207-2 Robert Wistrich : Revolutionary Jews from Marx to Trotsky , London: Harrap, 1976 ISBN 0-245-52785-0
Pranala luar
