DOSEN PROFIL LENGKAP

A retroflex (/ˈrɛtrəflɛks, -roʊ-/ ) consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between...

A voiceless retroflex sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet...

A voiced retroflex sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet...

voiced retroflex trill is a contour consonant with the duration of a single segment. Although the tongue starts out in a subapical retroflex position...

Retroflex affricate can refer to: Voiced retroflex affricate Voiceless retroflex affricate Retroflex ejective affricate This disambiguation page lists...

A voiced retroflex approximant is a type of consonant used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound...

[t͡ɕ] retroflex clicks e.g. [k𝼊 ] (commonly written ⟨[k‼]⟩) retroflex approximant [ɻ ] retroflex flap [ɽ] retroflex lateral flap [𝼈 ] retroflex lateral...

alveopalatal), alveolo-palatal (such as [ɕ ʑ], strongly palatalized), and retroflex (such as [ʂ ʐ], unpalatalized). The palato-alveolar and alveolo-palatal...

literature are the retroflex implosive ⟨ᶑ ⟩, the voiceless retroflex lateral fricative ⟨ꞎ ⟩, the retroflex lateral flap ⟨𝼈 ⟩ and the retroflex click ⟨𝼊 ⟩;...

Labial–retroflex consonants are doubly articulated consonants that are co-articulated at the lips and with the front part or underside of the tongue against...

A voiceless retroflex sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet...

The retroflex clicks are a family of click consonants known only from the Central ǃKung language or dialect of Namibia. They are sub-apical retroflex and...

old diacritic for retroflex consonants, as the articulation corresponds to some conceptions of a retroflex consonant (but see retroflex clicks). Prior to...

A voiced retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that...

Subapical voiced retroflex lateral approximant (/ɭ/) This recording illustrates a subapical retroflex articulation, where the tongue tip curls back and...

this file? See media help. An r-colored or rhotic vowel (also called a retroflex vowel, vocalic r, or a rhotacized vowel) is a vowel that is modified in...

A voiced retroflex sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Retroflex lateral fricative may refer to: Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative Voiced retroflex lateral fricative This disambiguation page lists articles...

A voiceless retroflex trill is a sound that has been reported to occur as a diaphoneme of /ʂ/ in the Maldivian language. Although the tongue starts out...

(lowest-pitched): Tongue shape: grooved, alveolo-palatal, palato-alveolar, retroflex Place of articulation (point of contact on the upper side of the mouth):...

R-colored vowel Retroflex approximant (ɻ) Retroflex click (‼) Retroflex consonant Retroflex ejective (ʈʼ) Retroflex ejective affricate (ʈʂʼ) Retroflex ejective...

has a weak hushing sound (also called "grave" frication) reminiscent of retroflex fricatives. It is used in the languages of northern Iberia, like Asturleonese...

allophonically further change the voiced retroflex plosives to voiced retroflex flap [ɽ], and the nasal /n/ to a nasalised retroflex flap. Among Malayalam speakers...

to the right is called hook tail or tail and can be interpreted as a retroflex hook. It should not be mistaken with the hook above, a diacritical mark...

In phonetics and phonology, a retroflex stop is a type of consonantal sound, made with the tongue curled back and in contact with area behind the alveolar...

long pairs, along with a consonant inventory that separates dental and retroflex sounds. A clear identifying feature of the language within the North Dravidian...

A voiced retroflex nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents...

A voiceless retroflex nasal is an extremely rare type of consonantal sound, used in very few spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic...

some speakers of American English. Pashto has a retroflex lateral flap that becomes voiced retroflex approximant when it is at the end of a syllable and...

African D (Ɖ, ɖ) is a Latin letter representing the voiced retroflex plosive [ɖ]. It is a part of the African reference alphabet. It is mainly used by...

t with retroflex hook is a superscript IPA letter 𝼉 : Latin small letter t with hook and retroflex hook is a symbol for a voiceless retroflex implosive...

the following retroflex fricatives: Median voiceless retroflex fricative, [ʂ] Median voiced retroflex fricative, [ʐ] Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative...

retroflex flaps. In Hindi there are three, a simple retroflex flap as in [bəɽaː] big, a murmured retroflex flap as in [koɽʱiː] leper, and a retroflex...

A voiceless retroflex lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The 'implicit' IPA letter for this sound, ⟨ꞎ ⟩...

letter n with a hook, which represents a retroflex nasal in the IPA ᶯ : Modifier letter small n with retroflex hook ᶮ : Modifier letter small n with left...

A retroflex ejective fricative is a type of consonantal sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʂʼ⟩. Features...

A voiced retroflex lateral affricate is a rare consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is...

A retroflex nasal click is a rare click consonant. In practical orthography, an ad hoc symbol ⟨‼⟩ is used for the retroflex clicks; a nasal click with...

A voiceless retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. This consonant is found as a phoneme mostly (though...

A voiced retroflex flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents...

pronunciation of phonemes such as /t/ and /d/ (often pronounced with retroflex articulation as [ʈ] and [ɖ]) and the replacement of /θ/ and /ð/ with dentals...

are very common in the San languages of southern Africa. Finally, the retroflex clicks are poorly known, being attested from only a single language, Central...

voiceless retroflex sibilant [ʐ] voiced retroflex sibilant All sibilants are coronal, but may be dental, alveolar, postalveolar, or palatal (retroflex) within...

trill [r̥] – Voiceless alveolar trill [ɽ͡r] – Voiced retroflex trill [ɽ͡r̥] – Voiceless retroflex trill [ʀ] – Voiced uvular trill [ʀ̥] – Voiceless uvular...

A voiceless labial–retroflex plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in the Yele language. It is a [ʈ] and [p] pronounced simultaneously. The symbol...

from Sanskrit, where the grapheme represents the vocalic equivalent of a retroflex approximant (possibly an r-colored vowel). A similar (and now obsolete)...

The letter Ʈ (minuscule: ʈ), called T with retroflex hook (in some literature, T with right tail or Right-tail T), is a letter of the Latin alphabet based...

precisely tenuis retroflex click is a rare click consonant. In practical orthography, an ad hoc symbol ⟨‼⟩ is used for the retroflex clicks; a tenuis...

Abaza, Abkhaz, Adyghe, Aghul, Ubykh labzd voiceless retroflex sibilant [ʂʷ] Bzhedug labzd voiced retroflex sibilant [ʐʷ] Bzhedug labzd voiceless alveolo-palatal...

A retroflex ejective affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents...

an open-mid front unrounded vowel in the IPA ᶓ: Epsilon / open e with retroflex hook Ɜ ɜ: Latin letter reversed epsilon / open e, which represents an...

coast and signs of Dravidian phonological and grammatical influence (e.g. retroflex consonants) in the Indo-Aryan languages (c.1500 BCE) suggest that some...

A retroflex ejective is a rare consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this...

palato-alveolar, laminal alveolo-palatal, and apical retroflex) just behind that, the subapical retroflex consonants curled back against the hard palate, and...

A voiced retroflex lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound. The 'implicit' IPA letter for this sound, ⟨𝼅⟩ is overtly supported by the extIPA...

A voiced retroflex lateral flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The "implicit" symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet...

phonetic transcription U+1DF1C 𝼜 LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK has been used in phonetic descriptions of Polish Its manner of articulation...

A voiced retroflex click is a rare click consonant. In practical orthography, an ad hoc symbol ⟨‼⟩ is used for the retroflex clicks; a voiced click with...

In Kurukh, the modern voiced retroflex flap /ɽ/ developed diachronically from an ancestral geminated voiced retroflex plosive /ɖː/. Driven by intensive...

A voiceless retroflex flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound used in spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents...

called retroflex. Palatal sounds are occasionally called domal or cacuminal (/kəˈkjuːmɪnəl/ ), though usually those terms are restricted to retroflex consonants...

A voiced retroflex implosive is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. Wadiyara Koli phonemically distinguishes it from the alveolar...

the alphabet of the Abkhaz language, where it represents the voiceless retroflex affricate /ʈʂ/. In the alphabet, it is placed between ⟨Ҷ⟩ and ⟨Ҿ⟩. The...

A voiced labial–retroflex nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in the Yele language. It is a [ɳ] and [m] pronounced simultaneously. The symbol in...

/ʎ/ in other dialects: [ɖ] (voiced retroflex plosive), [ɖʐ] (voiced retroflex affricate), [ʈʂ] (voiceless retroflex affricate) or [t͡s] (voiceless alveolar...

vaqueira, can manifest as: a voiced retroflex plosive [ɖ], a voiced retroflex affricate [ɖʐ], a voiceless retroflex affricate [ʈʂ] or a voiceless alveolar...

Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07)...

A voiceless retroflex implosive is an extremely rare consonantal sound, used in very few spoken languages. There is no official symbol in the International...

that both retroflex approximant and the retroflex laterals were once (before the 10th century) also present in Kannada. However, all the retroflex approximants...

is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiced retroflex sibilant /ʐ/ (listen) or voiced postalveolar fricative /ʒ/, like the pronunciation...

approximant (most varieties), alveolar trill (some British varieties), or the retroflex approximant (some varieties in the United States, South West England and...

small o is used in Indo-European studies 𝼛 : Latin small letter o with retroflex hook is used in phonetic transcription Ꝋ ꝋ : Forms of O were used for...

with tone 1 and unaspirated otherwise. Retroflex stops merged into retroflex affricates. Sonorants: retroflex nasal merged into alveolar nasal; /ɻ/, formerly...

A voiceless retroflex lateral affricate is a rare consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The implicit symbol in the International Phonetic...

A voiced labial–retroflex plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in the Yele language. It is a [ɖ] and [b] pronounced simultaneously. The symbol...

affricate (either palato-alveolar or retroflex), and is equivalent to a voiced postalveolar affricate /dʒ/ or a voiced retroflex affricate /dʐ/. While Esperanto...

described as having retroflex clicks, Vedder (1910/1911) described a second series of lateral clicks in Gaub ǃKung. The retroflex clicks have also been...

Tamil phonology is characterised by the presence of "true-subapical" retroflex consonants and multiple rhotic consonants. Its script does not distinguish...

Sanskrit glyphs. For example, dental and retroflex consonants are disambiguated with an underdot: dental द=d and retroflex ड=ḍ. An important feature of IAST...

provides an application note such as "voiced retroflex lateral" for U+026D ɭ LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK. An entry in bold italics indicates...

articulatorily as "retracted"), with a weak "hushing" sound reminiscent of retroflex fricatives. In Andalusia, Canary Islands and most of Hispanic America...

(voiced stop) with a rightward-facing hook: bilabial ⟨ɓ⟩, alveolar ⟨ɗ ⟩, retroflex ⟨ᶑ ⟩ (this letter is 'implicit' in the IPA), palatal ⟨ ʄ ⟩, velar ⟨ɠ ⟩...

four places of articulation: alveolar, postalveolar, alveolo-palatal and retroflex. They also distinguish voiceless, voiced, and ejective affricates at each...

as a retroflex flap /ɽ/ is phonetically an unusual consonant [ɻ͡ɾ] that is possibly unique to Warlpiri. The tip of the tongue begins in retroflex position...

palatal affricates, and as retroflex [ɳ] when before retroflex stops. Voiced retroflex stops /ɖ, ɖʱ/ are heard as retroflex flaps [ɽ, ɽʱ] when in word-medial...

voiceless laterals are true fricatives, not voiceless approximants; the retroflex lateral is highly unusual among the world's languages. Voiceless fricatives...

laminal, with apical (as well as subapical) sounds distinguished as 'retroflex', though occasionally 'lamino-palatal' and 'apico-palatal' (or 'lamino-domal'...

in greetings. Alveolar click Dental click Lateral click Palatal click Retroflex click List of phonetics topics International Phonetic Association (1999)...

of the head. Lateral click Alveolar click Bilabial click Palatal click Retroflex click Index of phonetics articles Ladefoged & Traill, 1984:18 In the English...

phonemes; the bilabial, the alveolar, the retroflex, and the velar; the latter two are restricted. The retroflex nasal is visible word-medially and word-finally...

transcribed as a palatoalveolar fricative, but is actually a voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/. It is used in every variation of the Cyrillic alphabet...

loss of retroflex consonant like voiced retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ] (ଳ) which are present in Standard Odia, and a limited usage of retroflex unaspirated...

been recognized as a different language. /n/ appears as a retroflex [ɳ] when before retroflex stops. All vowels can be short or long. "Statement 1: Abstract...

glottal stop. Many Mandarin varieties, including that of Beijing, retain retroflex initial consonants, which have been lost in southern Chinese varieties...

distinction between dental (or alveolar), retroflex and palatal among fricatives and affricates, and a two-way dental/retroflex distinction among stop consonants...

(sha). One further retroflex, ཌྷ (ḍha), is formed by subjoining retroflex ཌ (ḍa) with ཧ (ha), matching the way its non-retroflex counterpart, དྷ (dha)...

speakers, the English alveolar /t/ and /d/ sound more like the corresponding retroflex consonants of their languages than like dentals.[citation needed] Spanish...

velum and simultaneous pharyngealization. This gives rise to a type of retroflex resonance that is nearly indistinguishable from [ɻ]. The extension to...

not to be truly retroflex; they may be more accurately called post-alveolar. Some speakers not from Beijing may lack the retroflexes in their native dialects...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

In the official IPA chart, alveolo-palatals would appear between the retroflex and palatal consonants, but are omitted for "lack of space". Ladefoged...

the varieties which do not retain retroflexes as distinct consonants, Guilin universally converts old retroflexes into alveolar sibilants. Liuzhou mostly...

an open back unrounded vowel in the IPA ⟨ᶐ⟩: Latin small alpha with a retroflex hook ⟨Ɐ ɐ⟩: Turned A, represents a near-open central vowel in the IPA...

sound is ⟨ŋ⟩. The IPA symbol ⟨ŋ⟩ is similar to ⟨ɳ⟩, the symbol for the retroflex nasal, which has a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of...

variously described as fricated alveolar clicks and (inaccurately) as retroflex clicks. Unlike typical palatal clicks, which have a sharp, abrupt release...

by śuddha. The śuddha also includes the letters and diacritics for the retroflex consonants ⟨ḷ⟩ and ⟨ṇ⟩, which are not phonemic in modern Sinhala but are...

loss of retroflex consonant like voiced retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ] (ଳ) which are present in Standard Odia, and a limited usage of retroflex unaspirated...

distinctions for each). Although Inupiatun and Qawiaraq have retroflex consonants, retroflexes have otherwise disappeared in all the Canadian and Greenlandic...

terms have been invented, so subapical–palatal is more commonly called "retroflex". Note: Additional shades of passive articulation are sometimes specified...

or after the time of the Rigveda, as evidenced due to ḷh (an aspirated retroflex lateral consonant) being metrically a cluster (that was most likely of...

indicate retroflex consonants because of it being an emphatic alveolar consonant that Arabic scribes thought approximated the Hindustani retroflexes.[citation...

transcribed as a palato-alveolar fricative but is actually a laminal retroflex fricative. In English, the phoneme [ʒ] is often found as a hyperforeign...

final, 32nd letter of the alphabet. It typically represents the voiced retroflex fricative ([ʐ]), somewhat similar to the pronunciation of ⟨g⟩ in "mirage";...

voiced palato-alveolar affricate /d͡ʒ/. Polish: ż is used for a voiced retroflex sibilant /ʐ/. The Siouan languages such as Lakota, Osage, and Crow sometimes...

Sanskrit, known for its retroflex consonants compared to the languages that started using its script, uses a system known as retroflex harmony, with all the...

articulation that are not palatalized like English palato-alveolar sh, or retroflex. To disambiguate, the bridge ([s̪, t̪, n̪, l̪], etc.) may be used for...

transcribed as a palato-alveolar fricative but is actually an apical retroflex fricative. A voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative is a type of...

variables: the position of the tongue (front, alveolar or dental, or retroflex), and its shape (apical or laminal). There are also bilabial, velar and...

differentiate between the retroflex and dental classes, since Thai has no retroflex consonants. The equivalents of all the retroflex consonants are pronounced...

called apico-alveolar or grave, has a weak hushing sound reminiscent of retroflex affricates. One language in which it is found is Basque, where it contrasts...

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is a superscript IPA letter U+1DF05 𝼅 LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is an extension to IPA for...

/ŋ ɲ ɳ n m/. The retroflex ɳ is realised as a true nasal only if adjacent to a retroflex stop, elsewhere it is a nasalised retroflex flap [ɽ̃]. The contrasts...

labial, dental, "retroflex", palatal, and velar, which is the same as that of Sanskrit. The "retroflex" position may involve retroflexion, or curling the...

for other languages is the more frequent and regular use of both ळ /ɭ/ (retroflex lateral flap) and र्‍ (called the eyelash reph / raphar). Additionally...

manner of articulation: Fricatives are indicated by curved lines; with the retroflex/whistled and postalveolar fricatives being loops. Plosives are indicated...

now being a sociolinguistic variant (Takkele Taddese 1992). An ejective retroflex stop [ʈʼ] is rare. It has been reported from Yawelmani and other Yokuts...

A voiceless retroflex lateral flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages (as in Wahgi). The implicit symbol for this sound in...

be noted in the third consonant in the word khicṛī. The sound is the retroflex flap [ɽ], which is written in Hindi with the Devanagari letter ⟨ड़⟩, and...

consonants is phonemic in Khanty, as in most other Uralic languages. Retroflex consonants are also found in most varieties of Khanty. Khanty word stress...

Shina to represent a retroflex nasal consonant, [ɳ]. ڼ is the twenty-ninth letter of Pashto alphabet. It represents the retroflex nasal letter (IPA: [ɳ])...

remarkably similar to the postalveolar approximant, as does the voiced retroflex approximant [ɻ]. As an allophone of other rhotic sounds, [ɹ] occurs in...

chart and transcriptions slightly differ from the later sources: The retroflex fricatives and affricates are notated as plain postalveolar (i.e. with...

written in non-standard IPA with the tap as ⟨ɾ⟩ and the flap as ⟨ɽ⟩, the retroflex letter being used for the one that starts with the tongue tip curled back...

pronounced by Mizrahi Jews; the romanization of Indic languages to represent retroflex /ʂ/; the orthography of Yoruba in Nigeria to represent the voiceless palato-alveolar...

contrasts apico-alveolar with alveopalatal affricates and alveolar with retroflex laterals ([l] and [ɭ] (Marathi letters ल and ळ respectively). Modern Indo-Aryan...

fricatives /s/, /z/ ⟨s, z⟩ into their retroflex counterparts i.e. retroflex affricates /t͡ʂ/, /d͡ʐ/ ⟨cz, dż⟩ and retroflex fricatives /ʂ/, /ʐ/ ⟨sz, ż/rz⟩, respectively...

the right and left fasciculi retroflexes clarifies the organization of this pathway: RIGHT AND LEFT FASCICULI RETROFLEXES BY COBALT". Journal of Comparative...

Kirk (July 11, 2020). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). Everson, Michael; Baker...

used in the alphabet of the Abkhazian language, where it represents the retroflex ejective affricate /ʈ͡ʂʼ/. Cyrillic characters in Unicode Abkhazian Che...

apical post-alveolar sounds are also described as retroflex. Typical examples of sub-apical retroflex stops are commonly found in Dravidian languages,...

Alveolar click Bilabial click Dental click Lateral click Palatal click Retroflex click Index of phonetics articles Click consonant Grenoble, Lenore (2014)...

word-final retroflex flap [ɽ] in Urdu, Punjabi written in the Shahmukhi script, and Kashmiri. The small t̤oʾe diacritic is used to indicate a retroflex consonant...

articulation: dental, alveolar, palatal, alveolar lateral, and retroflex (*‼). The retroflex clicks have dropped out of Southeastern dialects such as Juǀʼhoan...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). Miller, Kirk; Everson,...

pronounced as: the voiceless retroflex affricate /tʂ/ (like Mandarin pinyin zh), like in Russian: лучше, or the voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/ (like Mandarin...

the exception of the retroflex nasal, which merged with the dental nasal, the Late Middle Chinese retroflex stops and retroflex sibilants merged into...

syllable. A voiced sound was marked by ⟨◌̬⟩ and a voiceless one by ⟨◌̥⟩. Retroflex consonants were marked by ⟨◌̣⟩, as in ⟨ṣ, ṭ, ṇ⟩. Arabic emphatic consonants...

thāl dāl dhār [t̪aːl t̪ʰaːl d̪aːl d̪ʱaːɾ] 'rhythm, plate, lentil, knife' Retroflex stops टाल/ٹال, ठाल/ٹھال, डाल/ڈال, ढाल/ڈھال ṭāl ṭhāl ḍāl ḍhāl [ʈaːl ʈʰaːl...

/mɐɾːi/ marri (banyan tree) All retroflex consonants occur in intervocalic position and when adjacent to a retroflex consonant, for instance. /ʋɐːɳiː/...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Kirk (2020), L2/20-125: Unicode request for a ligature, expected IPA retroflex letters and similar hooks & tails. (PDF) International Phonetic Association...

'alveolar' [t], [d] or [n] sound, or further back, a 'post-alveolar' or 'retroflex' [ʈ], [ɖ] or [ɳ] sound). Several languages have been claimed to have such...

modify. Except for ~ for nasalization, = for syllabicity, and ` for retroflexion and rhotacization, diacritics are joined to the character with the underscore...

Malayalam pronunciation of Nārāyanan, the first n is dental, the second is retroflex, and the third alveolar. A voiced postalveolar nasal occurs in a number...

nasal. Examples of languages containing nasal occlusives: The voiced retroflex nasal [ɳ] is a common sound in Languages of South Asia and Australian...

used in the Arabic alphabet itself, but is used to represent a voiced retroflex plosive [ɖ] in Urdu, Punjabi written in the Shahmukhi script, and Kashmiri...

SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is used in Sinological and Tibetanist transcription for a voiced retroflex affricate. U+10788 𐞈 MODIFIER...

[β] before /ɹ, ɹ̃/ and next to front vowels. Post-consonantally, /ɽ/ retroflexes the following vowels in the word, sounding like a /ɹ/ before or after...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

non-sibilant dental ⟨θ ð⟩), and retracting diacritic (a dot, e.g. s̩ g̩ ) for retroflex and uvulars (apart from uvular ⟨q⟩) ⟨r⟩ or ⟨ř⟩ for a flap and ⟨r̃⟩ for...

eastern dialects) with a retroflex stop in the environment of a rhotic, like prati- > paṭi- and mēḍhra "ram, penis" (already retroflex in Proto-Indo-Aryan...

approximant ([ɹ]) is common, though the sound is more postalveolar. Actual retroflexion may occur as well and both occur as variations of the same sound. However...

Miller, Kirk (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). Bunčić, Daniel (2021-01-12)...

Indo-Aryan and East Iranian languages to represent either syllabic r or a retroflex flap. In the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST)...

phonemes. McIntosh described r as "a voiced retroflex alveolar flap" and x as "backed alveolar . . . somewhat retroflex"; "backed alveolar" seems to correspond...

The Tamil language of Dravidian family has absorbed many loanwords from Indo-Aryan family, predominantly from Prakrit, Pali and Sanskrit, ever since the...

letter. The letter ⟨ɲ⟩ is visually similar to ⟨ɳ⟩, the symbol for the retroflex nasal, which has a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of...

denoting the voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ or similar voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/. In the International Phonetic Alphabet this sound is denoted...

languages. Prominent examples include: phonologically, the introduction of retroflexes, which alternate with dentals, and morphologically, the formation of...

released, e.g., [ʌkʰˈme]. /ɖ/ may be realized as a tap [ɽ] or lose its retroflexion as [d] in certain dialects. Sentence final vowels of affirmative verbs...

in the Arabic alphabet itself, but is used to represent an voiceless retroflex plosive [ʈ] in Urdu, Punjabi written in the Shahmukhi script, and Kashmiri...

varieties of Central Plains Mandarin and Lanyin Mandarin, labialized retroflex fricatives and affricates [ʂʷ][tʂʷ][tʂʰʷ] (sometimes including [ʐʷ~ɻʷ])...

University Press, pp. 104–107, ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0 Torp, Arne (2001), "Retroflex consonants and dorsal /r/: mutually excluding innovations? On the diffusion...

kaṭuva, both "thorn"). Backing of vowels e and i into o and u before retroflex consonants (older Dhivehi ateḷu → atoḷu "atoll") Loss of contrast between...

description of Khoekhoe. ⟨𝼝⟩ : Small letter ⟨c⟩ with retroflex hook – Para-IPA version of the IPA retroflex tʂ. ⟨ꟲ⟩ : Modifier letter capital ⟨c⟩ – Used to...

Thornton Edited by Nick Meyers Production companies Bunya Productions Retroflex Lateral Wolfram Studios Distributed by Bonsai Films Release date...

Typically, sounds transcribed with the retroflex symbols ⟨ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ɖʱ, ɽ, ɳ, ɽ̃⟩ are not purely retroflex [ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ɖʱ, ɽ, ɳ, ɽ̃] but apical postalveolar...

Kazym Khanty consonants Bilabial Dental Retroflex Palatal Velar plain pal. Nasal m n nʲ ɳ ŋ Plosive p t k Fricative median s sʲ ʂ x lateral ɬ ɬʲ Approximant...

alveolar tap [ɾ]. The voiceless retroflex sibilant /ʂ/ is commonly pronounced as a /ʃ/ except in consonant clusters with retroflex consonants. There are also...

Left: Anteverted, the most common position; Middle: Retroverted; Right: Retroflexed...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

approximant is [ɹ] and the symbol for the retroflex approximant is [ɻ]. There is a distinction between an unrounded retroflex approximant and a rounded variety...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

denote the special consonants viz. the trill [r] ಱ the retroflex lateral [ɭ] ಳ and the retroflex rhotic [ɻ] ೞ, by the 5th century.[dubious – discuss][the...

(a voiceless retroflex plosive /ʈ/) in Sindhi U+067D ﮸ ‎ 3 dots (inverted) none ٮ ‎ ت ‎ ﭦ‎ Ṭe, used to represent Ṭ (a voiceless retroflex plosive /ʈ/)...

leaves no overlap: The non-retroflex ch (Pinyin j) and chʻ (Pinyin q) are always before either ü or i, but never ih. The retroflex ch (Pinyin zh) and chʻ...

their pronunciation. In sequence, these categories are: velar, palatal, retroflex, dental, labial, sonorant and fricative. Among the first five groups,...

produces retroflex consonant realizations ([ʈ, ɖ, ɳ, ɭ, ʂ]), a recursive sandhi process called "retroflexion". The process of retroflexion is not limited...

ڼ is the twenty-ninth letter of Pashto alphabet. It represents the retroflex nasal (IPA: /ɳ/) which is ण in Devanagari and is transliterated ⟨ṇ⟩. In Shahmukhi...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

transcription, though in IPA the diacritic has also been used for apical-retroflex articulation. The Extended IPA has adopted bracket notation from conventions...

"apico-alveolar" "grave" sibilant [s̺], with a weak "hushing" sound reminiscent of retroflex fricatives. To a Hispanic American, Andalusian or Canary Island Spanish...

uppermost part of the brain Cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the cerebrum Retroflex consonant, also referred to as a cerebral consonant, a type of consonant...

Proto-Ju *𝼊xoe: retroflex clicks merged with alveolars in Southern ǃKung, with laterals in Northern ǃKung, and only remained retroflex in Central ǃKung...

Latin alphabet, used in phonetic transcription to represent a voiced retroflex implosive [ᶑ], though it is not explicitly part of the International Phonetic...

/bʱ/. Apart from the retroflex series, all the rest four series show full phonological contrast in all positions. The retroflex tenius /ʈ/ and /ʈʰ/ show...

(PR) [Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of the Brazilian Portuguese's retroflex /r/: data from respondents in Pato Branco, Paraná] (PDF) (Master's thesis)...

non-front vowels in some dialects. /s/ is realized as a retroflex sibilant [ʂ] before a retroflex stop /ʈ/. An alveolar tap sound /ɾ/ can vary freely with...

and for purposes of collation. Abkhaz uses it to represent the voiced retroflex affricate /ɖʐ/. The digraph џь is used to represent the /dʒ/ sound. The...

Tianjun County 天峻 dialects of Amdo Tibetan in Gansu and Qinghai provinces. Retroflex stop sounds /ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ/ may also be pronounced as affricate sounds [ʈʂ...

betrays an instability of the phenomenon of retroflexion, with the same phrases having sandhi-induced retroflexion in some parts but not other. This is taken...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

move in chess annotation Double factorial, an operator in mathematics Retroflex click, a family of click consonants found only in Juu and Namibian languages...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Southern Chinese dialects, Southwestern Mandarin does not possess the retroflex consonants (/ʈ͡ʂ/ ⟨zh⟩, /ʈ͡ʂʰ/ ⟨ch⟩, /ʂ/ ⟨sh⟩, /ɻ/ ⟨r⟩) of Standard Mandarin...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

subapical retroflexes and a phonemic distinction in vowel length. The language also maintains clear contrasts among dental, alveolar, and retroflex places...

transliterating Indo-Aryan, East Iranian and Dravidian languages it represents a retroflex t. It was also formerly used for the same sound in Javanese, but has now...

ᶾ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL EZH and U+1D9A ᶚ LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK are also used for phonetic transcription. U+1D23 ᴣ LATIN LETTER SMALL...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

is used to indicate the aspirated and breathy voiced consonants. The retroflex consonants needed to be added as well; this was accomplished by placing...

consonants. By contrast, the remaining coronals, those being postalveolar and retroflex, are nonanterior consonants (as well as palatals, if considered to be...

that differ depending on the class of the initial (e.g. velar, labial, retroflex, etc.). There are also clear co-occurrence restrictions between initials...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Chinese uses it for postalveolar fricatives (the "alveolo-palatal" and "retroflex" series). Lillooet uses it as a secondary feature in contrasting velarized...

'tense' (緊喉母音), and 'retroflex' (捲舌母音). Gong HC leaves normal vowels unmarked and places a dot under tense vowels and an -r after retroflex vowels. Arakawa...

contrast between such articulations has been confirmed apart from the retroflex clicks, which may have lateral release. Features of lateral clicks: The...

is phonologically atypical because it contrasts plain, long, nasal and retroflex vowels as well as combinations of these. Set out below is the phonology...

script, and repurposed three Galik letters to represent the Mandarin retroflex consonants. These letters remain in use in Inner Mongolia for the purpose...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

before /i/. /ɗ/ may have a retroflex [ɽ] or trill [r] allophone, when in intervocalic positions. /ɾ/ may also be heard as a retroflex [ɽ] in free variation...

murdhoinnyo no ("retroflex n"), and ঞ inyo. Similarly, the phoneme /x/ can be written as শ taloibbyo xo ("palatal x"), ষ murdhoinnyo xo ("retroflex x"), or স...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

  Labial Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Plosive plain p t c ⟨ch⟩ k geminated tː ⟨tt⟩ cː ⟨cch⟩ kː ⟨kk⟩ implosive ɓ ⟨b⟩ ɗ ⟨d⟩ ʄ ⟨j⟩ ɠ ⟨g⟩...

transcription: rhoticity ⟨◌˞⟩ indicates half-retroflexion; doubled ⟨◌˞˞⟩ it indicates full retroflexion. Badaga is presently written in the Kannada and...

language of Australia has a palatal lateral flap as well as alveolar and retroflex lateral flaps. Some Northwest Barito languages also have a palatal lateral...

झ् hedgehog ʈ टमाटर ٹماٹر ṭamāṭar ‌‌‌ट् stub (but retroflex) ʈʰ ठंड ٹھنڈ ṭhanḍ ठ् tub (but retroflex) ɖ डालना ڈالنا ḍālnā ड् American bird ɖʱ ढक्कन ڈھکّن...

[k kʰ ɡ] when preceding /i, e, ɛ/. /n/ can become a retroflex nasal [ɳ] when preceding a retroflex stop. /p/ can have an allophone of [ɸ] when occurring...

vowels. Yele Mb꞉eetpuwo [mbɛ̃ːd̪͡buw̪ɔ] (place name) Voiced between vowels. Contrasts voiced labial–retroflex plosive. Kmatpi [k͡pŋ͡mæd̪͡bi] (a male name)...

region, which are called "retroflex". Most so-called retroflex consonants are more properly called apical. True subapical retroflexes are found in the Dravidian...

Central and Northern Norway use the retroflex consonants. Most Southern and Western dialects do not have these retroflex sounds; in these areas a guttural...

replace many of these with simpler morphology. There is no apical alveolar–retroflex distinction in Damin root words, with the apparent exception of the clicks...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

[l] wa [w] Palatal Retroflex Alveolar Glottal Voicing ↓ Aspiration ↓ Fricative Voiceless Yes śa [ʃ] ṣa [ʂ] sa [s] ha [h] Retroflex Velar Tap/flap Fricative...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

three-way distinction of coronal consonants which includes, alveolar, retroflex and dental stops. ḏ was originally derived from PDr post-nasal *-ṯ- and...

alveolar approximant [ɹˠ] (occurs in conservative Irish English) "Retroflex" R: retroflex approximant [ɻ] (occurs in West Country English, some American...

the orthography of the O'odham and Sicilian languages, ⟨ḍ⟩ represents a retroflex [ɖ]. This was used in a former transcription of Javanese, but has been...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Some dialects rrom [ʀom] 'man' Allophone of a descendant of the Indic retroflex set, so often transcribed /ɽ/. A coronal flap, approximant or trill in...

click types (bilabial ʘ, dental ǀ, alveolar ǃ, lateral ǁ, palatal ǂ, and retroflex 𝼊) have nasal variants, and these are attested in four or five phonations:...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

additional tail ʯ (turned h with fishhook and tail) is treated as the retroflex equivalent, a vowel-like [ʐ] with rounded lips. One possible IPA notation...

it represents the voiced retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ] similar to Kalasha's لؕ and also represents the voiced retroflex lateral flap [𝼈]. Razzaq...

Linguolabial Interdental Dental Denti-alveolar Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Active place Apical Laminal Subapical Dorsal Alveolo-palatal Palatal Velar...

Because retroflex consonants are mutations of [ɾ] and other alveolar or dental consonants, the use of a uvular rhotic means an absence of most retroflex consonants...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Goral consonants Labial Dental/ Alveolar Retroflex (Alveolo-) palatal Velar Nasal m n ɲ Plosive voiceless p t k voiced b d ɡ Affricate voiceless t͡s t͡ʂ...

defect to the occipital bone, spina bifida of the cervical vertebrae and retroflexion (backward bending) of the head on the cervical spine. Stillbirth is the...

can be heard as [ɨ] in syllable-initial position and as retroflex [ɻ̩] when after retroflex consonants. Narua's default word order is agent–object–verb...

Arrernte, and Pitjantjatjara for a retroflex stop, /ʈ/. In Norwegian and Swedish it represents voiced retroflex plosive, [ɖ]. In Scottish Gaelic it sometimes...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

the click. All click types (alveolar ǃ, dental ǀ, lateral ǁ, palatal ǂ, retroflex 𝼊 and labial ʘ) have linguo-glottalic variants, which occur as both stops...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

labio-dentalized {V̺} linguo-apicalized {V̻} linguo-laminalized {V˞} retroflex {V̪} dentalized (diacritic iconic for a tooth) {V͇} alveolarized (diacritic...

scholars agree that Old Chinese differs from Middle Chinese in lacking retroflex and palatal obstruents but having initial consonant clusters of some sort...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

allophone of /k͡p/ before front vowels. Yele tpili [t̪͡pili] 'sea' (women's term) Contrasts voiceless labial–retroflex plosive. tp꞉ee [t̪͡pɛ̃ː] 'child'...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

phonology and the vocabulary of Old Javanese. Old Javanese also contains retroflex consonants, which might have been derived from Sanskrit. That is disputed...

an overline (often called a macron). Vocalic (syllabic) consonants, retroflexes and ṣ (/ʂ/ in Sanskrit, [ʃ] in Hindi) have an underdot. One letter has...

Typically, sounds transcribed with the retroflex symbols ⟨ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ɖʱ, ɽ, ɳ, ɽ̃⟩ are not purely retroflex [ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, ɖʱ, ɽ, ɳ, ɽ̃] but apical postalveolar...

consonants may be dental, alveolar, retroflex, or palatal: /t/ is dental [t̪] before /i/, alveolar [t͇] before /e, ə, u/, retroflex [ʈ] before /o, a/, and palatal...

the click. All click types (alveolar ǃ, dental ǀ, lateral ǁ, palatal ǂ, retroflex 𝼊 and labial ʘ) have linguo-pulmonic variants, which occur as both stops...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

stressed syllables or before a retroflex consonant as well as being heard as [ɑə̆] when emphasized before a retroflex consonant. /u/ may also be heard...

Romanization; /t/ was transcribed ⟨th⟩, as ⟨t⟩ was used for the voiceless retroflex plosive [ʈ]. The Thaana script first appeared in a Maldivian inscription...

variously called "Maji" or "Dizoid". The language is notable for its retroflex consonants (Aklilu Yilma 1988), a striking feature shared with closely...

U+1D93 ᶓ LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E WITH RETROFLEX HOOK U+1D94 ᶔ LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E WITH RETROFLEX HOOK U+1D9F ᶟ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Ruc initials Bilabial Dental- Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal Plosive voiceless p t̪ ʈ c k ʔ aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ implosive ɓ ɗ ʄ Fricative voiceless...

represent this. In general, alveolar consonants are assimilated into palatal, retroflex or labial. There are more specific descriptions in assimilation combination:...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

alveolo-palatal fricative 182 U+0256 ɖ ɖ Latin Small Letter D with Tail Voiced retroflex plosive 106 U+0257 ɗ ɗ Latin Small Letter D with Hook Voiced alveolar...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

neighbouring Eastern Iranian, as it is evident in the development in the retroflex consonants (in Pashto, Wakhi, Sanglechi, Khotanese, etc.) and aspirates...

Slovak, but only as allophones of /tʂ, dʐ, ʂ, ʐ/, which are normally retroflex, as in Polish. The following digraphs are not considered to be a part...

alveolar consonant. The articulation of the resulting fusion becomes retroflex. Examples include the Norwegian bart [bɑʈ] and Swedish nord [nuːɖ]. That...

realized as [f] in the standard dialect. The two voiced retroflex plosives /ɖʱ, ɖ/ and the retroflex nasal /ɳ/ have flapped subphonemic allophones [ɽʱ, ɽ...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

of /ŋ/ after /u, o, ɔ/. See Vietnamese phonology Yele ngmo [ŋ͡mɔ] 'breast' Contrasts voiced labial–alveolar nasal and voiced labial–retroflex nasal....

be confused with the letter Che (Ч ч), which represents the voiceless retroflex affricate /ʈ͡ʂ/ and also exists in Serbian Cyrillic script. The sound...

along with voiceless aspirated plosives. Nasals, trills, retroflex flap, lateral and retroflex laterals all occur in this language. There are also two...

Constable, Peter (2003-05-30), Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Retroflex Hook in the UCS L2/03-169R Constable, Peter (2003-06-06), Proposal to...

/ɕ/, respectively. In Tatar, ç represents /ɕ/. It also represents the retroflex flap /ɽ/ in the Rohingya Latin alphabet. Janalif uses this letter to represent...

alveolar plosive ⟨d⟩ voiced alveolar plosive ⟨ʈ⟩ voiceless retroflex plosive ⟨ɖ⟩ voiced retroflex plosive ⟨c⟩ voiceless palatal plosive ⟨ɟ⟩ voiced palatal...

though not all, instances of retroflex consonants indicate a word is of Tibetan origin. To distinguish this retroflex sound in Lepcha script, a dot may...

be realised allophonically as the voiceless retroflex fricative [ʂ] in learned clusters with retroflexes. Due to its foreign origin, it is often also...

Germanic *z phoneme developed into an R sound, perhaps realized as a retroflex approximant [ɻ],[citation needed] which is usually transcribed as ʀ. This...

to /dʐ/ (voiced retroflex affricate) ⟨rz⟩ corresponds to /ʐ/ (voiced retroflex fricative) ⟨sz⟩ corresponds to /ʂ/ (voiceless retroflex fricative) In Portuguese:...

Classical Sanskrit may be observed in the phonology: Vedic had a voiced retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ] as well as its breathy-voiced counterpart [ɭʱ]...

generally agreed that Old Chinese differed from Middle Chinese in lacking retroflex and palatal obstruents but having initial consonant clusters of some sort...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

ᵅ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ALPHA U+1D90 ᶐ LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH RETROFLEX HOOK U+1D9B ᶛ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED ALPHA U+1DE7 ◌ᷧ COMBINING LATIN...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

[spɔndon] "beat", etc. The letter ষ also, sometimes, retains the voiceless retroflex sibilant [ʂ] sound when used in certain consonant conjuncts as in কষ্ট...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

ə̄⟩. An R-colored vowel can be represented using ⟨ɚ⟩. A schwa with a retroflex hook ⟨ᶕ⟩ is used in phonetic transcription. In the 2020s, the schwa has...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

retroflex lateral /ɭ/. The Awankari dialect, as spoken by Muslims (and not Hindus) and described by Bahri in the 1930s, has a distinctive retroflex lateral...

1st grade → 2nd grade Open ∅ a ā Palatal i/ī y i/ī e ay ya ai āy yā Labial u/ū v u/ū o av va au āv vā Retroflex ṛ r ṛ ar ar ra ār ār rā Dental ḷ al āl...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

click consonant. This sound has been labeled as alveolar, postalveolar, retroflex and palatal in different eras. ʗ was part of the International Phonetic...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

comparison. By contrast, the Icelandic eth (ð), the barred D (đ) and the retroflex D (ɖ), which usually look the same in uppercase (Đ), are given the opposite...

Consonant phonemes of Proto-Quechuan Bilabial Alveolar Post-alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal Nasal m n ɲ Stop p t k q Affricate t͡ʃ ʈ͡ʂ...

Vakh Khanty consonants Bilabial Dental Palatal/ized Retroflex Velar Nasal m n nʲ ɳ ŋ Plosive p t tʲ k Affricate tʃ Fricative s ɣ Lateral l lʲ ɭ Trill...

to write ḷḷ. It can be a voiceless retroflex affricate [tʂ], a voiced retroflex plosive [ɖ] or a voiced retroflex affricate [dʐ], and it corresponds to...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

syllabic [z̩] when after alveolar sibilant sounds, and as [ʐ̩] when after retroflex sibilant sounds. /ɑ/ is heard as more fronted [a] when following alveolo-palatal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Constable, Peter (2003-05-30), Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Retroflex Hook in the UCS L2/03-169R Constable, Peter (2003-06-06), Proposal to...

also be aspirated; contrasts with retroflex) palzd voiced dental stop [d̪ʲ] Ukrainian, Kashmiri (contrasts with retroflex), Soga (contrasts with alveolar)...

nasal tap [ɳ̆], when within nasalized vowel positions, contrasting with a retroflex nasal [ɳ]. /t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ/ can have fronted allophones of [t͡s, d͡z] in free...

Consonants Labial Dental /Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Nasal m n ɲ ŋ Plosive voiceless p t ʈ tʃ k voiceless aspirated pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ voiced b d ɖ dʒ...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Permic languages), but it is possible this postcedes the emergence of retroflex *ɭ from PU *l in Khanty. Another possible counterargument is the similar...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

represent two different series of initials: the alveolo-palatal and the retroflex sounds. Although these spellings create no ambiguity in practice, readers...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

fricative /ʃ/, identical to the English "sh". It corresponds to the voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/ in Polish. These examples are Kashubian words that use the...

/d͡ʒ/ is commonly used to transcribe what actually is a laminal voiced retroflex affricate. Lubawa dialect Malbork dialect Ostróda dialect Warmia dialect...

Peripheral Laminal Apical Labial Velar Dental Palatal Alveolar Retroflex Plosive p k t̪ c t ʈ Nasal m ŋ n̪ ɲ n ɳ Rhotic r Lateral (l̪) ʎ l ɭ Approximant...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Oromo has another glottalized phone that is more unusual: a implosive retroflex stop, "dh" in Oromo orthography. This is a sound like an English "d" produced...

follows: Notes: -r-, -y- and -h- do not represent separate segments, but retroflex, palatalized and aspirated articulation respectively of the preceding...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

phonetic similarities in the Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area. Retroflex consonants in the Burushaski, Nuristani, Dravidian, Munda, and Indo-Aryan...

Unlike the neighboring and related Kalasha language, Khowar does not have retroflex vowels. Allophones of /x ɣ h ʋ ɾ/ are heard as sounds [χ ʁ ɦ w ɹ]. /q...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

digits. Vowel length was not written, letters could also represent their retroflex consonant equivalent, and aspirated consonants were written as digraphs...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

subscript letter j, and it is distinct from other IPA hooks that indicate retroflexion, implosion and rhotic vowels. Theoretically, it could be used on all...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

మబ్బు/mabu [mabːu] 'cloud' Occurs as allophone of anuswara when followed by retroflex stops Thai มอมแมม / mommäm [mɔːm.mɛːm] 'shabby' See Thai phonology Toki...

States Department of Agriculture ‹rd›, a Latin alphabet digraph of a retroflex stop in Aboriginal Australian languages rd, an English-language ordinal...

Swedish. In all cases where the alveolar sound becomes retroflex, /n/ also becomes retroflex /ɳ/, e.g. barten ('the moustache') [ba.ʈɳ̍] (see Norwegian...

Tamil consonants Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Alveolo-palatal Velar Glottal Nasal m ம் (n̪) ந் n ன் ɳ ண் ɲ ஞ் (ŋ) ங் Stop/Affricate p ப் t̪ த் (trː...

[kʼ], it is actually pronounced as [t͡ʃʼ] (Чӏ). Чӏ is pronounced as the retroflex [t͡ʂʼ] (Чӏъ). Цу is pronounced as [t͡ʂʷ] (Чъу). Шӏ is pronounced as [ʂʼ]...

phonetically distinct, which makes their phonemic status hard to define True retroflex (murdhonno) consonants are not found in Bengali. They are apical postalveolar...

as alveolar [n] before an alveolar consonant, and as a retroflex [ɳ] when preceding a retroflex consonant. A word-final /r/ may tend to be voiceless [r̥]...

variants as allophones of the phonemes /ø øː/, lowered before /r/ and any retroflex segment; long [øː œː] are marked as 'lower-mid' and short [ø œ] are marked...

Consonants in Western Balochi Dialects Labial Dental/ Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal Plosive/ Affricate voiceless p t t̥ č k voiced b d d̥ J̌...

Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Plosive voiceless p t ʈ k aspirated tʰ voiced b d ɖ ɡ Affricate voiceless tʃ voiced dʒ Nasal m n ɲ ŋ ŋʲ...

the tip of the tongue can curl back to also contact the hard palate for retroflex consonants (subapical-palatal), consonants produced by contact between...

two different meanings depending on pronunciation. Malē (without the retroflex 'ḷ') means ‘mountain,’ and when combined with Nadu (‘land’), it gives...

/ʃ/ occurs as C1, it combines with alveolar and palatal C2, whereas the retroflex alveolar /ʂ/ precedes bilabial and velar C2s, which suggest a complementary...

characterized by its rounding of front vowels when between a labial and a retroflex consonant, e.g., PD. ∗peṇ > Tamil peṇ, Kannada heṇṇu, Tulu poṇṇu, this...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Mandarin dialects 脊椎 jǐ zhuī [tɕi⁵⁵b̪͡ve²⁴] 'backbone' The labialized retroflex fricatives and affricates [ʂʷ, tʂʷ, tʂʰʷ](sometimes including [ʐʷ~ɻʷ])...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

IPA number 178 Encoding Entity (decimal) ǃ​ʗ Unicode (hex) U+01C3 U+0297 Braille Unicode character name for ǃ is LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

/t͡ʂ, d͡ʐ, ʂ, ʐ/ as alveolar in older sources. They may be described as retroflex [t͡ʂ, d͡ʐ, ʂ, ʐ] to indicate that they are not palatalized laminal postalveolar...

Chinese, including pinyin and Wade-Giles, sh represents the voiceless retroflex fricative [ʂ]. In the Hepburn romanization of Japanese, sh represents...

(IPA: [ɭ] or [ɭ̆]), the intervocalic lateral flap allophone of the voiced retroflex stop in Vedic Sanskrit, which is a phoneme in languages such as Marathi...

Consonants Bilabial Dental Retroflex Palatal Velar Nasal m n ɲ Plosive p t k Affricate ts tʂ tʃ Fricative s ʂ ʃ Liquid r, l ʎ Semivowel w j...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Sibilants /ʃ ʒ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ/ are laminal post-alveolars (usually not considered retroflex). The approximant /l/ is mainly pronounced apico-alveolar, although a...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Worrorra consonant phonemes Bilabial Inter- dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Stop p t̪ t ʈ c k Nasal m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ Rhotic ɾ~r Lateral l ɭ ʎ Approximant...

palatal affricate *q: uvular stop *z: voiced palatal affricate *D: voiced retroflex stop *j: palatalized voiced velar stop *S: voiceless alveolar sibilant...

Labial Dental/ Alveolar Palato- alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal Plosive voiceless p t ʈ k voiced b d ɖ ɡ Affricate voiceless t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ʂ t͡ɕ...

apical post-alveolar sounds are also described as retroflex. Typical examples of sub-apical retroflex stops are commonly found in Dravidian languages,...

compared to Putonghua, the lack of the erhua phenomenon, and the lack of retroflex consonants (with zh-, ch-, sh- being pronounced like z-, c-, and s-) in...

Indo-Aryan migration to South Asia, mentioning the fact that both possess retroflex sounds. Mueezuddin Hakal (2022) argues that Burushaski preserves a primary...

involving verbal auxiliaries. Languages of the Indosphere typically display retroflex stop consonants, postsentential relative clauses and the extended grammaticalization...

letter represents a voiced postalveolar fricative /ʒ/ or a similar voiced retroflex fricative /ʐ/. In Polish, the corresponding letter is Ż/ż. It is the 32nd...

(2004): Spelling conventions alveolar tap: r alveolar trill: rr retroflex glide: ṟ retroflex tap: rd indeterminate rhotic: R Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Place/Manner Bilabial Labio-Dental Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Stops unaspirated p b t d ʈ ɖ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ k g Stops aspirated pʰ bʱ tʰ dʱ ʈʰ ɖʱ...

Sharanawa consonants Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal Stop p t k Affricate ts tʃ Fricative ɸ s ʃ2 ʂ2 h1 Nasal m n Approximant...

have traditionally been called "postalveolar", "alveolo-palatal", and "retroflex", respectively, and have been transcribed with their associated symbols...

(2005) and in Kiso (2012). Labialized sounds /sʷ, zʷ/ can also be heard as retroflex [ʂ, ʐ] among different speakers. /ɗ/ is heard as palatalized [ɗʲ] when...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Icelandic, Faroese, and Old English African D (Ɖ, ɖ), representing a voiced retroflex plosive sound Tau gallicum (Ꟈ, ꟈ), used in Gaulish Other uses: Dogecoin...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

variants as allophones of the phonemes /ø øː/, lowered before /r/ and any retroflex segment; long [øː œː] are marked as 'lower-mid' and short [ø œ] are marked...

click types (bilabial ʘ, dental ǀ, alveolar ǃ, lateral ǁ, palatal ǂ, and retroflex 𝼊) have glottalized variants. They are very common: All of the Khoisan...

Consonants Labial Dental/ Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Nasal m n̪ ɳ ŋ Plosive/ Affricate voiceless p t̪ ʈ t͡ʃ k voiced b d̪ ɖ d͡ʒ ɡ Fricative voiceless...

realizations as alveolar or retroflex, and can be articulated as approximants [ɹ̥, ɹ, ɻ̊, ɻ], or taps [ɾ̥, ɾ, ɽ̊, ɽ]. A retroflex lateral flap [ɭ̆] can also...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

flap, a consonant written as ⟨ɾ⟩ in the International Phonetic Alphabet Retroflex trill, a consonant written as ⟨ɽ͡r⟩ in the International Phonetic Alphabet...

which have the retroflex [ɖ] sound (written -dd-) for historical -ll-; along the Southern line, the dialects of Ajaccio (retroflex -dd-, realized as...

Malayalam become "B" in these districts as in Kannada. Also the Voiced retroflex approximant (/ɻ/) which is seen in both Tamil and the standard form of...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Standard Mandarin, ch is used in pinyin to represent the aspirated voiceless retroflex affricate /tʂʰ/. In Japanese, ch is used in Hepburn to represent the chi...

Chimborazo Kichwa consonants Bilabial Dental Alveolar Post-alv. Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal Nasal m n ɲ (ŋ) Stop voiceless p t k aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ...

Inter- dental Dental Denti- alveolar Alveolar Post-alveolar Retracted Retroflex Palato- alveolar Alveolo- palatal Sibilant z̪ z̟ z͇ z̠ ʐ ʒ ʑ Non-sibilant...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

alveolo-palatal consonant and retroflex consonant. /ʂ/ and /ʐ/ are somewhat concave apical postalveolar. They may be described as retroflex, e.g. by Hamann (2004)...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

the labial–velar approximant /w/. Unlike in other Persian dialects, the retroflex stops /ʈ/ and /ɖ/ are found. The voiceless glottal fricative /h/ is often...

letter after having gone through the Gupta letter . As with the other retroflex consonants, ṭa is absent from most scripts not used for a language of...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

of the alveolar ridge. Dental consonants are [+ant], postalveolar and retroflex ones are [−ant]. [+/− distributed]: For [+dist] segments the tongue is...

ɳɖ], or standard affricates, [ʈʂ ɳʈʂ ɖʐ ɳɖʐ]. Similarly, the trilled retroflex affricates [ʈɽ̝̊ ʈɽ̝̊ʰ ɖɽ̝ ᶯɖɽ̝] have been reported to occur in Baima...

inconsistent about anusvara, visarga, notation of double consonants and the ḷ retroflex. These and other errors may reflect an influence of the less formal epic-vernacular...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

is Thai: Javanese contrasts stiff and slack voiced bilabial, dental, retroflex, and velar stops. Mpi (Loloish) contrasts modals and stiff voice in its...

the alveolar flap, and Singer the retroflex flap. (In a minor difference, both describe the approximant as retroflex, whereas Capell describes it as alveolar...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

also recast Karlgren's alveolar dentals as retroflex, citing the similar distribution shown by the retroflex affricates. Most scholars now believe that...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

represent either palatal stops or postalveolar affricates. ɖ, ʈ are the retroflex stops, as in the IPA. ƒ, ʋ represent bilabial fricatives. ө is a dental...

Pashto alphabet, a variant of the letter rāʾ uses a ring below for the retroflex consonant [ɭ̆~ɽ] and another uses dots above and below the tail for the...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

retention of /r/ in all positions. /r/ is typically realised as a voiced retroflex approximant [ɻ]. Some rural speakers may allophonically use an alveolar...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

representation of unique sounds found in Indo-Aryan languages, such as retroflex consonants as well as aspirated consonants, were not represented by unique...

with most Cantonese alveolo-palatal sibilants corresponding to Mandarin retroflex sibilants. For instance: The merged phoneme shows might be pronounced...

geal Epi- glottal Glottal Bilabial Labio- dental Inter- dental Alveolar Retroflex Pre- velar Velar Uvular Plosive voiceless p t̯ t ṭ c k̯ k ḳ ʼ voiced b...

variously pronounced as a long trill [rr], a uvular trill [ʀ], or a retroflex tap [ɽ] or approximant [ɻ]. Ř is a letter used in some varieties of Piemontese...

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Yele ńmo [n̪͡mɔ] "bird" Contrasts voiced labial–retroflex nasal and voiced labial–velar nasal....

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

alphabet (Zhe alone represented, and still represents, [ʐ], the voiced retroflex fricative). In its modern usage, Zhe with breve corresponds in other Cyrillic...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

addition to its long counterpart. Brahvi consonants show patterns of retroflexion but lack the aspiration distinctions found in surrounding languages and...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Spoken Marathi in Marathwada-Vidarbha regions frequently simplifies the retroflexes /ɳ/, and /ʂ/ to /n/ and /s/; for example, आणि (āṇi, 'and') will be pronounced...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

– hatha yoga severing of the lingual frenulum to allow the tongue to retroflex to awaken spiritual energy Lingual frenectomy e.g. William Trevor, The...

the differing usage in three different Cushitic languages: Afar: voiced retroflex plosive /ɖ/ Oromo: alveolar ejective /tʼ/ Somali: voiceless pharyngeal...

yaktub ("he writes") → نَحْنُ نَكْتُب naḥnu naktub ("we write"). It is retroflex nasal consonantal sound in some languages. Its symbol in the International...

sibilants, retroflexes and velars, which never occur in this position. The [ɹ̩] final, which occurs only after dental sibilant and retroflex initials,...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal Plosive p b t d ʈ ɖ k g ʔ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ Fricative s (z) (ʃ) h ɦ Affricate t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

of medial t d to l, of short a to e, initial kh to x, rhoticization of retroflex ḍ, ṭ, ḍḍ, ṭṭ, ḍh etc. to r and ř, and shift of inflectional -a to -o....

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

not clearly known, and there are number of conflicting theories. The retroflex approximant ḻ in īḻam is a characteristic phoneme for Dravidian languages...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

genetics, plastic surgery Differential diagnosis Radial dysplasia (without retroflexion) Treatment Surgical relocation and removal of the extra phalange of the...

inventory shows an opposition of long and short vowels, of dental and retroflex consonants as well as single and geminate consonants. [æː] is developed...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

example, it contains a specific grapheme indicating retroflex or "cerebral" consonants, such as the retroflex ejective affricate occurring here in Pai: "Ethnologue...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

phonetic retroflex feature that appears among Prakrit dental stops, such as ḍ, and in Brahmi the symbols of the retroflex and non-retroflex consonants...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

in the area. The alveolars may add a slight retroflex onglide to a following vowel, and the retroflexes may assimilate alveolars in the same word. Nonetheless...

Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Uvular Glottal plain sibilant Palato- alveolar Retroflex Alveolo- palatal Nasal voiceless m̥ n̥ ɲ̊2 ŋ̊2 voiced m n ɲ ŋ Plosive/...

the existence or not of a contrast between alveopalatal fricatives and retroflex fricatives. Innovative varieties have introduced the contrast while conservative...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

position of voiceless consonants. /t, d, l/ are often be realized as retroflex [ʈ, ɖ, ɭ] when following a non-front vowel. /t̪/ may also be heard as...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Labial Alveolar Retroflex Laminal Velar Stop p t ʈ t̪     c k Nasal m n ɳ ɲ ŋ Lateral l ɭ Trill r Approximant w ɻ j...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Universidad DE Guadalajara. A lowercase ⟨đ⟩ appeared alongside a lowercase retroflex D in a 1982 revision of the African reference alphabet. This revision...

be heard as velar [ŋ] when in other environments. /ʃ/ can be heard as retroflex [ʂ] in free variation. /k/ can be heard as [ɡ] when in intervocalic positions...

adpositions—prepositions, postpositions, and circumpositions.[citation needed] *The retroflex rhotic or lateral, tends to be a lateral flap [𝼈] at the beginning of...

Hindi. Use of retroflex consonants The phonetic characteristics of Vedic Sanskrit, surviving in Rajasthani language, is the series of "retroflex" or "cerebral"...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

final nasals: ⟨မ်⟩ /m/, ⟨န်⟩ /n/, ⟨ဉ်⟩ /ɲ/, ⟨င်⟩ /ŋ/, as well as the retroflex ⟨ဏ⟩ /ɳ/ (used in Pali loans) and nasalisation mark anusvara demonstrated...

and occurs as velar [k] elsewhere. Sounds /ʒ, d͡ʒ/ can also be heard as retroflex sounds [ʐ, d͡ʐ]. A back-unrounded vowel /ɯ/, can also appear, but only...

Labial Alveolar Palatal Retroflex Velar Glottal Plosive t k ʔ Affricate ts tʃ tʂ Fricative s ʃ h Nasal m n ɲ Rhotic r Approximant l j w...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

⟨ʗ⟩ are now ⟨ǀ⟩, ⟨ǁ⟩, and ⟨ǃ⟩; ⟨ɩ⟩ and ⟨ɷ⟩ are now ⟨ɪ⟩ and ⟨ʊ⟩; and the retroflex hook ⟨◌̢⟩ for r-colored vowels is now a rhotic hook ⟨◌˞⟩. Hover over the...

variation with /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/. [ʂ] occurs as an allophone of /s/ before retroflexes. Kota at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Atlas of...

following vowel. Javanese contrasts slack and stiff voiced bilabial, dental, retroflex, and velar stops. Parauk contrasts slack voicing in its vowels. The contrast...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

The voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative, IPA: ⟨ɹ̠˔⟩ The voiced retroflex fricative, IPA: ⟨ʐ⟩ The voiced alveolo-palatal fricative, IPA: ⟨ʑ⟩ The...

consonants. Adyghe is phonologically more complex than Kabardian, having the retroflex consonants and their labialized forms. Adyghe exhibits a large number...

Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡p d͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡p ɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡p ɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

Latin Small Letter T with hook U+01AE Ʈ 430 Latin Capital Letter T with retroflex hook U+01AF Ư 431 Latin Capital Letter U with horn U+01B0 ư 432 Latin...

other languages. The effect is mainly achieved by the use of a number of retroflex and uvular consonants in the language's inventory. Klingon has twenty-one...

↓ Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex (Alve­olo-)​palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal Nasal...

of the alveolar ற - Tra/Dra (as in the English word track) instead of retroflex T/D (ட) of standard Tamil. For example, 'ennuDaiya' (mine) of standard...

that in the Sotho–Tswana languages /l/ was originally pronounced as a retroflex flap [ɽ] before the two close vowels. Sesotho makes a three-way distinction...