Machaerus
قلعة مكاور | |
Pemandangan panorama Machaerus dengan Laut Mati di latar belakang. | |
| Lokasi | Kegubernuran Madaba, Yordania |
|---|---|
| Wilayah | Perea |
| Koordinat | 31°34′2″N 35°37′27″E / 31.56722°N 35.62417°E |
| Jenis | Benteng, Istana |
| Sejarah | |
| Pendiri | Alexander Jannaeus |
| Didirikan | s. 90 SM |
| Ditinggalkan | s. 72 M |
| Periode | Zaman Hellenistik sampai Romawi |
| Budaya | Hasmonean, Herodian |
| Catatan situs | |
| Kondisi | Reruntuhan |
| Akses umum | Ya |
Machaerus (Μαχαιροῦς, dari Yunani Kuno: μάχαιρα, har. 'makhaira' [pedang]; Ibrani: מכוור; Arab: قلعة مكاور, romanized: Qala'at Mukawir, har. 'Istana Mukawir')[1][2] adalah sebuah istana puncak bukit Hasmonean dan benteng gurun, yang dibangun kembali oleh Herodes dan kini berupa reruntuhan, yang terletak di desa Mukawir di Yordania modern, 25 km (16 mi) dari tenggara muara Sungai Yordan di sisi timur Laut Mati.[3]
Machaerus dibangun oleh raja Hasmonean Alexander Jannaeus (berkuasa 104–78 SM). Kemudian dihancurkan oleh panglima Romawi Gabinius pada 57 SM pada konflik dengan Aristobulus II, kota tersebut dibangun ulang dan diperluas oleh Herodes, yang memandangnya sebagai tempat pengungsian potensial. Herodes membangun istana, cisterns, mikveh, triclinium, dan peristyle dalam benteng. Setelah kejatuhan Yerusalem pada Perang Yahudi-Romawi Pertama, benteng tersebut menjadi magnet pemberontakan melawan kekuasaan Romawi. Setelah pengepungan oleh Legio X Fretensis di bawah naungan Bassus pada 71 M, pasukan pertahanan Yahudi kemudian menyerah setelah Eleazar, seorang pemimpin penting, ditangkap.
Catatan
- ^ "Jordan - Touristic Sites - South of Amman". www.kinghussein.gov.jo. Diakses tanggal 2021-10-22.
- ^ Division, United States Geographic Names (1955). Jordan: Official Standard Names: Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names. Geographic Names Division.
- ^ "Castle of Herod the Great | , Jordan | Sights". www.lonelyplanet.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2022-05-16.
Bacaan tambahan
- Corbo, V. (1978) La fortezza di Macheronte: Rapporto preliminare della prima campagna di scavo: 8 settembre - 28 ottobre 1978. Liber Annuus 28: 217–238. (Excavation Report)
- Vörös, Győző. “Machaerus: Where Salome Danced and John the Baptist Was Beheaded.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Sep/Oct 2012, 30–41, 68.
- Vörös, Győző (2012) Machaerus: Excavations and Surveys (2009-2012), Hungarian Academy of Arts.
- Vörös, Győző. “Anastylosis at Machaerus.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Jan/Feb 2015, 52–61.
- Vörös, Győző (2013) Machaerus I: History, Archeology and Architecture of the Fortified Herodian Royal Palace and City Overlooking the Dead Sea in Transjordan. Final Report of the Excavations and Surveys 1807-2012, Milano: Edizioni Terra Santa.
- Vörös, Győző (2015) Machaerus II: The Hungarian Archaeological Mission in the Light of the American-Baptist and Italian-Franciscan Excavations and Surveys. Final Report 1968-2015, Milano: Edizioni Terra Santa.
- Vörös, Győző (2018) Machaerus project: preliminary report on the 2016-2017 archaeological excavation, ADAJ: 2018, No 59, pp. 435–454.
- Vörös, Győző (2019) Machaerus III: Final Report on the Herodian Citadel 1968-2018, Milano: Edizioni Terra Santa.
- Vörös, Győző (2022) Machaerus: The Golgotha of John the Baptist, Budapest: MMM Kiadó.
Pranala luar
- Machaerus, article in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
- Machaerus, Jordan
- "The Fortress at Machaerous". christusrex.org. Franciscan Archaeological Institute. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2012-10-23. Diakses tanggal 2013-01-17.
- Studium Biblicum Franciscanum's Page on "The Machaerus Archaeological Excavations in Jordan"
- Machaerus: Beyond the Beheading of John the Baptist Biblical Archaeology Society
- Photos of Machaerus at the American Center of Research
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