Hum-hum

Hum-hum
Two shells of the common periwinke Littorina littorea
Hum-hum eropa Littorina littorea
Klasifikasi ilmiah Sunting klasifikasi ini
Kerajaan: Animalia
Filum: Mollusca
Kelas: Gastropoda
Ordo: Littorinimorpha
Superfamili: Littorinoidea
Famili: Littorinidae
Children, 1834[1]
Subfamilies
Diversitas[2]
Two freshwater species and numerous marine species.
Artikel takson sembarang

Littorinidae adalah keluarga taksonomi lebih dari 200 spesies siput laut, moluska gastropoda laut dalam klad Littorinimorpha, umumnya dikenal sebagai hum-hum (bahasa Inggris: Periwinkle) dan ditemukan di seluruh dunia.[3]

Taksonomi

Littorininae
  • Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
  • Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970
  • Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
  • Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 – synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;[4] Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009[4]
  • Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 – 39 species
  • Littorina Férussac, 1822 – 18 species – type genus
  • Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885[5]
  • Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
  • Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 – this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
    • Echinolittorina – 59 species worldwide
    • Austrolittorina – five species
    • Afrolittorina – four species
    • Nodilittorina s.s. – the monotypic subgenus[6]
  • Peasiella - Nevill, 1885
  • Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833 – 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.
kekosongan
  • Bembicium Filipi, 1846
  • Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869 [7] – siput air tawar yang hidup di air terjun.
  • Lacuna Turton, 1827 – sinonim: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886
  • Pellilitorina Pfeffer di Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
  • Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902
Laevilitorininae
  • Laevilacunaria Powell, 1951
  • Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886

subfamili ?

Sinonim
  • Corneolitorina Powell, 1951: sinonim dari Laevilitorina (Laevilitorina) Pfeffer di Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 direpresentasikan sebagai Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
  • Haloconcha Dall, 1886 adalah sinonim untuk Lacunaria Dall, 1885
  • Macquariella Finlay, 1926: sinonim dari Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
  • Rissolittorina Ponder, 1966: sinonim dari Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886

Referensi

  1. ^ Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
  2. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Strong 2008
  3. ^ Tunnell, John W.; Andrews, Jean; Barrera, Noe C.; Moretzsohn, Fabio (2010-07-15). Encyclopedia of Texas Seashells: Identification, Ecology, Distribution, and History (dalam bahasa Inggris). Texas A&M University Press. hlm. 398. ISBN 978-1-60344-141-4.
  4. ^ a b Reid, D. G. (2009). "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2184: 1–103. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2184.1.1.
  5. ^ (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA[pranala nonaktif]. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
  6. ^ S T Williams; D G Reid; D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 28 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID 12801472. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 5 October 2012.
  7. ^ Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.

Content Disclaimer

Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.

  1. The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
  2. There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
  3. It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
  4. Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
  5. Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.