Sampai sekitar tahun 750, wabah ini kembali di tiap generasi di Mediterania. Gelombang penyakit juga berpengaruh terhadap masa depan sejarah Eropa. Sejarawan modern menamai wabah ini berdasarkan nama Kaisar Romawi Yustinianus I, yang berkuasa pada saat itu. Yustinianus I juga mengidap penyakit tersebut, namun merupakan satu dari sedikit orang yang berhasil bertahan hidup.
Orent, Wendy. Plague, The Mysterious Past and Terrifying Future of the World's Most Dangerous Disease., Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, NY, 2004, ISBN 0-7432-3685-8.
Edward Walford, translator, The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius: A History of the Church from AD 431 to AD 594, 1846. Reprinted 2008. Evolution Publishing, ISBN 978-1-889758-88-6. [1]—The author, Evagrius, was himself stricken by the plague as a child and lost several family members to it.
Procopius. History of the Wars, Books I and II (The Persian War). Trans. H. B. Dewing. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Loeb-Harvard UP, 1954.—Chapters XXII and XXIII of Book II (pages 451–473) are Procopius's famous description of the Plague of Justinian. This includes the famous statistic of 10,000 people per day dying in Constantinople (page 465).