Istilah hamba tani (yang berarti petani-petani yang tidak bebas) di Kekaisaran Rusia adalah terjemahan dari istilah krepostnoi krestyanin (крепостной крестьянин). Sistem perhambaan tani di Rusia bermula dari masa Rus' Kiev pada abad ke-11. Dokumen hukum dari masa itu, seperti Russkaya Pravda, membedakan beberapa tingkatan dependensi feudalpetani.
Perhambaan tani merupakan bentuk hubungan antara petani dan bangsawan yang sering ditemui pada abad ke-17. Sistem perhambaan tani paling umum tersebar di wilayah tengah dan selatan Kekaisaran Rusia. Sistem perhambaan tani sebelumnya tidak pernah diberlakukan di wilayah utara, Pegunungan Ural atau Siberia, tetapi pada masa kekuasaan Maharani Katarina yang Agung, usaha-usaha mulai mengirim hamba-hamba tani ke wilayah tersebut untuk memperoleh sumber daya alam.
Tsar Alexander I ingin mereformasi sistem tersebut, tetapi ia menghadapi rintangan yang besar. Hukum-hukum baru memperbolehkan semua golongan (kecuali hamba tani) untuk memiliki lahan, sebuah hak yang sebelumnya hanya diberikan kepada bangsawan.[1] Perhambaan tani akhirnya dihapuskan oleh sebuah dekret yang dikeluarkan oleh Tsar Alexander II pada 1861. Para cendekiawan telah mengajukan beberapa hipotesis mengapa ia menghapuskan sistem ini, seperti ketakutan bahwa para hamba tani akan memberontak, kebutuhan keuangan pemerintah, perubahan kebudayaan, dan kebutuhan akan prajurit-prajurit baru.[2]
Referensi
^Susan P. McCaffray, "Confronting Serfdom in the Age of Revolution: Projects for Serf Reform in the Time of Alexander I", Russian Review (2005) 64#1 hlm. 1-21 in JSTOR
^Evsey D. Domar and Mark J. Machina, "On the Profitability of Russian Serfdom", (1984) hlm. 919
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