Gunung Roraima

Gunung Roraima
Gunung Roraima
	Gunung Roraima
Titik tertinggi
Ketinggian	2.810 m (9.220 ft)
Puncak	2.338 m (7.671 ft)
Masuk dalam daftar	Country high point; Ultra prominent peak
Geografi
	Gunung Roraima Lokasi di wilayah Venezuela (di perbatasan antara Guyana dan Brazil)
Letak	Venezuela/Brasil/Guyana
Pegunungan	Dataran tinggi Guyana
Geologi
Jenis gunung	Plateau
Pendakian
Pendakian pertama	1884, dipimpin oleh Sir Everard im Thurn bersama Harry Inniss Perkins dan beberapa orang penduduk lokal guyana
Rute termudah	Pendakian

Gunung Roraima (bahasa Spanyol: Monte Roraima [ˈmonte roˈɾaima], juga dikenal sebagai Tepuy Roraima atau Cerro Roraima; bahasa Portugis: Monte Roraima [ˈmõtʃi ʁoˈɾajmɐ]) adalah daerah tertinggi di jajaran Pakaraima dataran tinggi tepui, Amerika Selatan. Gunung ini pertama kali dideskripsikan oleh seorang penjelajah Inggris Sir Walter Raleigh pada tahun 1596. Area puncaknya seluas 31 km² dan pada semua sisinya dibatasi tebing tegak setinggi 400 meter (1.300 ft). Gunung ini merupakan wilayah dari 3 negara yaitu: Venezuela (mengklaim 85% teritorialnya), Brasil (5%) dan Guyana (10%).

Keberadaan gunung ini pertama kali dideskripsikan kepada orang Eropa oleh penjelajah Inggris Sir Walter Raleigh selama ekspedisinya pada tahun 1595. Gunung Roraima terkenal dengan bentuk puncaknya yang menyerupai meja, dengan puncak yang datar, pada setiap sisinya dibatasi tebing vertikal hingga setinggi 400 meter (1.300 ft). Tebing-tebing ini sering kali berada di atas kabut dan awan.

Gunung Roraima juga memiliki beberapa air terjun, biasanya disebut sebagai Air Terjun Roraima, yang mengalir dari puncaknya dalam empat lompatan berjenjang; ketinggian air terjun diperkirakan sekitar 2.000 kaki (610 m).

Dalam permainan video Civilization VI dan Humankind, Gunung Roraima juga ditampilkan sebagai sala satu dari keajaiban alam.^[4]

Galeri

Tebing Gunung Roraima
Penanda tripoint di Gunung Roraima, diambil dari sisi Venezuela
Air Terjun Roraima
Gunung Roraima dan air terjun dilihat dari sisi Venezuela
Ilustrasi Gunung Roraima dalam Canoe and Camp Life in British Guiana, 1876

Referensi

^ ^a ^b "Monte Roraima, Venezuela". Peakbagger.com.
^ From The Times (May 22, 1885), "Mr. im Thurn's Achievement" (PDF), The New York Times, New York City, United States, hlm. 3, ISSN 0362-4331, OCLC 1645522, diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2019-09-12, diakses tanggal November 15, 2009, Lord Aberdare said that Mr. Perkins, who accompanied Mr. im Thurn in the ascent of the mountain, had fared little better, inasmuch as he also had been severely attacked by fever since his return, and though present that evening, was still too weak to read his notes.
^ im Thurn, Everard (August 1885), "The Ascent of Mount Roraima", Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, New Monthly Series, London, England, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing, on behalf of the Royal Geographical Society, with the Institute of British Geographers, 7 (8): 497–521, doi:10.2307/1800077, ISSN 0266-626X, JSTOR 1800077, OCLC 51205375, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-10, diakses tanggal November 14, 2009, For all around wore rocks and pinnacles of rocks of seemingly impossibly fantastic forms, standing in apparently impossibly fantastic ways—nay, placed one on or next to the other in positions seeming to defy every law of gravity—rocks in groups, rocks standing singly, rocks in terraces, rocks as columns, rocks as walls and rooks as pyramids, rocks ridiculous at every point with countless apparent caricatures of the faces and forms of men and animals, apparent caricatures of umbrellas, tortoises, churches, cannons, and of innumerable other most incongruous and unexpected objects.
^ "How to Claim a Wonder in Humankind | DiamondLobby". diamondlobby.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-25. Diakses tanggal 2021-11-11.

Bacaan lanjutan

Aubrecht, R., T. Lánczos, M. Gregor, J. Schlögl, B. Šmída, P. Liščák, C. Brewer-Carías & L. Vlček (15 September 2011). Sandstone caves on Venezuelan tepuis: return to pseudokarst? Geomorphology 132(3–4): 351–365. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.05.023
Aubrecht, R., T. Lánczos, M. Gregor, J. Schlögl, B. Šmída, P. Liščák, C. Brewer-Carías & L. Vlček (2013). Reply to the comment on "Sandstone caves on Venezuelan tepuis: return to pseudokarst?". Geomorphology, published online on 30 November 2012. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.11.017
(Spanyol) Brewer-Carías, C. (2012). Roraima: madre de todos los ríos.PDF Río Verde 8: 77–94.
Jaffe, K., J. Lattke & R. Perez-Hernández (January–June 1993). Ants on the tepuies of the Guiana Shield: a zoogeographic study. Diarsipkan 2013-06-17 di Wayback Machine. Ecotropicos 6(1): 21–28.
Kok, P.J.R., R.D. MacCulloch, D.B. Means, K. Roelants, I. Van Bocxlaer & F. Bossuyt (7 August 2012). Low genetic diversity in tepui summit vertebrates.PDF Current Biology 22(15): R589–R590. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.034 http://download.cell.com/current-biology/mmcs/journals/0960-9822/PIIS0960982212007105.mmc1.pdf^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
MacCulloch, R.D., A. Lathrop, R.P. Reynolds, J.C. Senaris and G.E. Schneider. (2007). Herpetofauna of Mount Roraima, Guiana Shield region, northeastern South America. Herpetological Review 38: 24-30.
Sauro, F., L. Piccini, M. Mecchia & J. De Waele (2013). Comment on "Sandstone caves on Venezuelan tepuis: return to pseudokarst?" by R. Aubrecht, T. Lánczos, M. Gregor, J. Schlögl, B. Smída, P. Liscák, Ch. Brewer-Carías, L. Vlcek, Geomorphology 132 (2011), 351–365. Geomorphology, published online on 29 November 2012. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.11.015
Warren, A. (1973). Roraima: report of the 1970 British expedition to Mount Roraima in Guyana, South America. Seacourt Press, Oxford UK, 152 pp.
Zahl, Paul, A. (1940) To the Lost World. George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd. 182 High Holborn, London, W.C.1

Pranala luar

Media tentang Mount Roraima di Wikimedia Commons
Mount Roraima Information Diarsipkan 2020-08-08 di Wayback Machine.
Mount Roraima on SummitPost.org Diarsipkan 2008-10-07 di Wayback Machine.
National Geographic's 2004 Biological Exploration of the Cliffs Diarsipkan 2017-10-30 di Wayback Machine.
Dias de Tempestade (Days of Storm) Diarsipkan 2022-10-30 di Wayback Machine. - 28-minute short documentary on Vimeo (in Portuguese, with English subtitles) showing the 2010 climb of Mount Roraima from the Guyana side by Brazilian climber Eliseu Frechou and his team.
Mount Roraima Guide Diarsipkan 2021-06-28 di Wayback Machine.

[Peakbagger1-1] "Monte Roraima, Venezuela". Peakbagger.com.

[NYTimes1-2] From The Times (May 22, 1885), "Mr. im Thurn's Achievement" (PDF), The New York Times, New York City, United States, hlm. 3, ISSN 0362-4331, OCLC 1645522, diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2019-09-12, diakses tanggal November 15, 2009, Lord Aberdare said that Mr. Perkins, who accompanied Mr. im Thurn in the ascent of the mountain, had fared little better, inasmuch as he also had been severely attacked by fever since his return, and though present that evening, was still too weak to read his notes.

[ImThurn1-3] Thurn, Everard (August 1885), "The Ascent of Mount Roraima", Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, New Monthly Series, London, England, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing, on behalf of the Royal Geographical Society, with the Institute of British Geographers, 7 (8): 497–521, doi:10.2307/1800077, ISSN 0266-626X, JSTOR 1800077, OCLC 51205375, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-10, diakses tanggal November 14, 2009, For all around wore rocks and pinnacles of rocks of seemingly impossibly fantastic forms, standing in apparently impossibly fantastic ways—nay, placed one on or next to the other in positions seeming to defy every law of gravity—rocks in groups, rocks standing singly, rocks in terraces, rocks as columns, rocks as walls and rooks as pyramids, rocks ridiculous at every point with countless apparent caricatures of the faces and forms of men and animals, apparent caricatures of umbrellas, tortoises, churches, cannons, and of innumerable other most incongruous and unexpected objects.

[4] "How to Claim a Wonder in Humankind | DiamondLobby". diamondlobby.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-25. Diakses tanggal 2021-11-11.

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