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Emine Gülbahar Hatun adalah selir dari Sultan Utsmani Mehmed II atau Muhammad Al Fatih dan ibu dari Bayezid II.[2][3][4][5]
Latar belakang
Catatan resmi (vakfiye) menyebutnya sebagai Hatun binti 'Abdullah (perempuan putri Abdullah). Dalam tradisi Utsmani, penulisan Abdullah dalam silsilah tidak berarti nama ayah yang bersangkutan adalah Abdullah, tetapi istilah yang bermakna "hamba Allah", mengindikasikan bahwa yang bersangkutan merupakan seorang budak dari latar belakang non-Muslim. Sebagian menyatakan bahwa dia berasal dari Albania,[6][7][8][9][10] sedangkan pendapat lain menyebutkan Yunani sebagai tempat asalnya.[11][6][12][13] Sejarawan Albania Dhimitër Shuteriqi berpendapat bahwa dia adalah salah satu anak perempuan Gjergj Arianiti, tuan tanah dan bangsawan Albania yang berhasil memenangkan beberapa perang terhadap Utsmani.[14]
Rujukan
- ^ Necdet Sakaoğlu (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak publications. hlm. 110–112. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6.
- ^ Bryer, Anthony (1988). Peoples and settlement in Anatolia and the Caucasus: 800-1900. Variorum Reprints. ISBN 9780860782223.
- ^ Th Dijkema, F. (1977). The Ottoman Historical Monumental Inscriptions in Edirne. BRILL. ISBN 9004050620.
- ^ Edmonds, Anna (1997). Turkey's religious sites. Damko. hlm. 1997. ISBN 975-8227-00-9.
- ^ Babinger, Franz (1992). Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press. hlm. 51. ISBN 0-691-01078-1.
- ^ a b Lawler, Jennifer (2018-01-16). Encyclopedia of Women in the Middle Ages (dalam bahasa Inggris). McFarland. hlm. 72. ISBN 978-1-4766-0111-3.
Gülbehar (15th century) Mother of Bayezid II, the famous Ottoman ruler. A slave girl of either Albanian or Greek heritage, she was a Christian and became the mistress of Mehmed II the Conqueror around 1450.
- ^ Lyigun, Murat (2015). War, Peace, and Prosperity in the Name of God: The Ottoman Role in Europe's Socioeconomic Evolution. London: University of Chicago Press. hlm. 119. ISBN 9780226388434.
Beyazit II... Gülbahar Hatun... Albanian...
- ^ Edmonds, Anna (1997). Turkey's religious sites. Damko. hlm. 211. ISBN 975-8227-00-9.
An Albanian by birth, legend also has it that Gulbahar Hatun was a French princess kidnapped for the sultan's harem.
- ^ Babinger, Franz (1992). Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press. hlm. 51. ISBN 0-691-01078-1.
Gülbahar bint Abdullah, whom Turkish legend subsequently transformed into a "daughter of the king of France," was a Christian slave of Albanian origin.
- ^ Franz Babinger, Die Aufzeichnungen des Genuesen Iacopo de Promontorio - de Campis uber den Osmanenstaat um 1475. München: C. H. Beck. 3 February 1956. hlm. 56.
- ^ Ostovich, Helen; Silcox, Mary V.; Roebuck, Graham (2008). The Mysterious and the Foreign in Early Modern England (dalam bahasa Inggris). Associated University Presse. hlm. 60. ISBN 978-0-87413-954-9.
Mehmed's eldest son was Bayezid or Beyazid II, whose mother, Gülbahar, was probably a Greek concubine.
- ^ Lowry, Heath W. (2003). The Nature of the Early Ottoman State (dalam bahasa Inggris). SUNY Press. hlm. 153. ISBN 978-0-7914-8726-6.
Mother of Bayezid II was Gülbahar Hatun (a Pontic Greek from the village of Douvera in Trabzon)
- ^ Freely, John (1999). Inside the Seraglio: Private Lives of the Sultans in Istanbul (dalam bahasa Inggris). Viking Press. hlm. 9. ISBN 978-0-670-87839-0.
Mehmet had become a father for the first time in January 1448, when his concubine Gülbahar gave birth to a son, the future Beyazit II. Little is known of Gülbahar's origins, but she was probably Greek, since the concubines in the imperial harem were almost always Christians...
- ^ Shuteriqi, Dhimitër (2012). Zana Prela, ed. Aranitët: Historia- Gjenealogjia -Zotërimet. Toena. hlm. 66. ISBN 978-99943-1-729-5.
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