Chetnik

Pergerakan Chetnik
Pergerakan Chetnik
	Bendera Chetnik; dengan tulisan: "Untuk raja dan tanah air; merdeka atau mati"
Pemimpin	Draža Mihailović; Kosta Pećanac; Ilija Trifunović-Birčanin; Pavle Đurišić; Dobroslav Jevđević; Momčilo Đujić;
Waktu operasi	1904–46
Wilayah operasi	Wilayah Yugoslavia yang diduduki Jerman Nazi
Ideologi	Monarkisme Yugoslavia; Yugoslavia Raya; Nasionalisme Serbia; Serbia Raya;

Detasemen Chetnik Angkatan Darat Yugoslavia, umumnya dijuluki Chetnik (bahasa Serbo-Kroasia: Četnici, Четници, pelafalan [tʃɛ̂tniːtsi]; bahasa Slovenia: Četniki), adalah sebuah pergerakan di Yugoslavia pada masa Perang Dunia II yang dipimpin oleh Draža Mihailović. Pergerakan ini pada awalnya merupakan pergerakan anti-Blok Poros yang melakukan perlawanan selama periode-periode tertentu.^[1] Mereka kemudian melakukan kolaborasi dengan pasukan pendudukan secara taktis atau selektif selama berlangsungnya perang.^[2] Pergerakan Chetnik bukanlah pergerakan yang homogen.^[3] Pergerakan Chetnik Mihailović^[4] menerapkan kebijakan kolaborasi^[5] dengan Blok Poros, menetapkan modus vivendi dengan mereka, dan beroperasi sebagai pasukan pendukung yang "dilegalisasi" di bawah kendali Blok Poros.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] Seiring berjalannya waktu, pergerakan Chetnik semakin^[10] terseret ke dalam persetujuan-persetujuan kolaborasi: pertama-tama dengan pasukan Nedić di Wilayah Komandan Militer di Serbia,^[11] kemudian dengan pasukan Italia di wilayah pendudukan Dalmasia dan Montenegro, lalu dengan beberapa pasukan Ustaše di Bosnia utara, dan pada akhirnya dengan Jerman Nazi secara langsung setelah Italia menyerah.^[12] Walaupun kolaborasi Chetnik bersifat "ekstensif dan sistematis",^[13] Chetnik mengklaim bahwa kebijakan kolaborasi mereka^[5] merupakan cara untuk "memanfaatkan musuh".^[12]

Pada masa tersebut, kelompok Chetnik juga melakukan terorisme terhadap orang-orang Kroasia di wilayah yang dihuni oleh orang Serbia dan Kroasia secara bersamaan; terhadap populasi Muslim di Bosnia, Herzegovina dan Sandžak; dan terhadap Partisan Yugoslavia dan pendukung-pendukung mereka di semua wilayah. Kegiatan teror yang mereka lakukan adalah membunuh warga sipil, membakar desa-desa dan menghancurkan harta benda. Tindakan-tindakan tersebut memperparah ketegangan etnis antara orang Kroasia dan Serbia.^[14]^[15] Teror yang mereka lakukan terhadap orang Kroasia dapat dianggap sebagai pembalasan terhadap teror yang dilancarkan oleh Ustaše, tetapi pada akhirnya kelompok Chetnik tetap ingin agar orang Kroasia dan Muslim Bosnia "dibersihkan" dari wilayah Serbia Raya sesuai dengan arahan Mihailović pada 20 Desember 1941.^[16]

Catatan kaki

^ Milazzo 1975, hlm. 103–05.
^ Milazzo 1975, hlm. 182.
^ Milazzo 1975, hlm. 140.
^ Milazzo 1975, hlm. 185–86.
^ ^a ^b Ramet 2006, hlm. 145.
^ Ramet 2006, hlm. 147.
^ Tomasevich 1975, hlm. 224–25.
^ Macdonald 2002, hlm. 140–42.
^ Pavlowitch 2007, hlm. 65–67.
^ Milazzo 1975, hlm. preface.
^ Hehn 1971, hlm. 350; Pavlowitch 2002, hlm. 141, official name of the occupied territory.
^ ^a ^b Tomasevich 1975, hlm. 196.
^ Tomasevich 1975, hlm. 246.
^ Djokic, Dejan. "Coming To Terms With The Past: Former Yugoslavia." History Today 54.6 (2004): 17-19. History Reference Center. Web. 3 Mar. 2015.
^ Elections Diarsipkan 2009-01-13 di Wayback Machine., TIME Magazine, February 23, 1925
^ Tomasevich 1975, hlm. 259.

Daftar pustaka

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Situs

"Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. 2011a. Diakses tanggal 12 August 2011.
"Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. 2011b. Diakses tanggal 22 December 2011.
"Sensagent Dictionary". Sensagent.com. 2011. Diakses tanggal 3 December 2011.

Artikel bertopik sejarah ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975103–05-1] Milazzo 1975, hlm. 103–05.

[FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975182-2] Milazzo 1975, hlm. 182.

[FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975140-3] Milazzo 1975, hlm. 140.

[FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975185–86-4] Milazzo 1975, hlm. 185–86.

[FOOTNOTERamet2006145-5] Ramet 2006, hlm. 145.

[FOOTNOTERamet2006147-6] Ramet 2006, hlm. 147.

[FOOTNOTETomasevich1975224–25-7] Tomasevich 1975, hlm. 224–25.

[FOOTNOTEMacdonald2002140–42-8] Macdonald 2002, hlm. 140–42.

[FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200765–67-9] Pavlowitch 2007, hlm. 65–67.

[FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975preface-10] Milazzo 1975, hlm. preface.

[FOOTNOTEHehn1971350Pavlowitch2002141-11] Hehn 1971, hlm. 350; Pavlowitch 2002, hlm. 141, official name of the occupied territory.

[FOOTNOTETomasevich1975196-12] Tomasevich 1975, hlm. 196.

[FOOTNOTETomasevich1975246-13] Tomasevich 1975, hlm. 246.

[14] Djokic, Dejan. "Coming To Terms With The Past: Former Yugoslavia." History Today 54.6 (2004): 17-19. History Reference Center. Web. 3 Mar. 2015.

[15] Elections Diarsipkan 2009-01-13 di Wayback Machine., TIME Magazine, February 23, 1925

[FOOTNOTETomasevich1975259-16] Tomasevich 1975, hlm. 259.

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