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Biuro Szyfrów ([ˈbʲurɔ ˈʂɨfruf] ( simak), bahasa Polandia untuk "Biro Cipher") adalah unit organisasional Departemen Kedua Staf Jenderal Polandia pada masa antar-perang yang yang bertugas bersama dengan SIGINT untuk mengurusi kriptografi (penggunaan cipher dan kode) dan kriptanalisis (studi cipher dan kode, terutama untuk keperluan "memecahkan"nya).
Pendahulu dari badan tersebut yang bakal menjadi Biro Cipher dibuat pada Mei 1919, saat Perang Polandia-Soviet (1919–21), dan memainkan peran penting dalam mengamankan keselamatan dan kemenangan Polandia dalam perang tersebut.
Pada pertengahan 1931, Biro Cipher dibentuk oleh penggabungan badan-badan sebelumnya. Pada Desember 1932, Biro tersebut mulai memecahkan cipher-cipher Enigma Jerman. Sepanjang tujuh tahun berikutnya, para kriptolog Polandia mengembangkan kompeksitas struktural dan operasi dari Enigma beralatkan plugboard. Biro tersebut juga memecahkan kriptografi Soviet.
Lima pekan sebelum pecahnya Perang Dunia II, pada 25 Juli 1939, di Warsawa, Biro Cipher Polandia membongkar teknik dan peralatan dekripsi Enigma-nya kepada para perwakilan intelijensi militer Prancis dan Inggris, yang tak mampu memecahkan Enigma dengan cara apapun. Pemindahan intelijensi dan teknologi Polandia tersebut memberikan kemajuan tak terprediksi (Ultra) kepada Sekutu dalam pengadaan kemenangan mutlak mereka dalam Perang Dunia II.
Catatan
Referensi
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