User:Spacewanderer7/sandbox

Ogallala Geochemistry

CHEMICAL (Nativ, R. and Smith, D.A., 1987. Hydrogeology and geochemistry of the Ogallala aquifer, Southern High Plains. J. Hydrol., 91: 217-253.)

  • increase in TDS from 400 ppm in the northern half of the Southern High Plains to 3000 ppm in the southern half
  • northern and western part of Southern High Plains: Ca/cation-HCO3 facies
    • patterns show Ca > Mg > Na and HCO3 > SO4 > Cl
    • Mg-anion and Na-anion areas also common on the local scale
  • major hydrochemical facies are aligned from northwest to southeast following depositional systems
    • adjacent to Canadian River -- trends tend to follow local flow patterns


LITHOLOGICAL AND STRUCTURAL

  • three major alluvial fan systems with high percentages of sand and gravel
    • thickest, most permeable and porous
    • water has mostly mixed-cation-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3 and relatively depleted 18deltaO and deltaDeuterium
      • saturated thickness above 90 ft
    • higher sulfur 34 values
    • constant groundwater conditions because of flow through preferential pathways
  • between the fans, percentage of gravel and sand is much smaller and the aquifer is thinner
    • varied facies: mixed-cation-mixed-anion
    • delta-18O and delta-Deuterium relatively enriched relative to water in major fan axes
    • saturated thickness below 90 ft
    • higher salinity because of higher residence times -- heterogenous local flow conditions
  • Arsenic and nitrate contamination in areas with shallow water tables because clay cannot absorb the arsenic fast enough
  • extremely shallow water tables (<5ft) allow direct evaporation from the aquifer
    • saline lakes frequently located where water levels are between 5 and 50 ft below land surface
      • water near these lakes have unusual Na-SO4 and Na-Cl hydrochemical facies

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