User:English yeah/sandbox

Liuqiang (Chinese: 柳腔; pinyin: Liǔ qiāng), a traditional local drama in Qingdao, Shandong Province, has existed for more than two hundred years.[1] Liuqiang originated in the Dagu River Basin in the western part of Jimo (Chinese: 即墨; pinyin: jí mò), Qingdao in the middle of Qing Dynasty.[2][1][3][4] Liuqiang evolved from folk rap “Benzhougu (Chinese: 本肘鼓; pinyin: běn zhǒu gǔ)".[1][5]

In 2008, Liuqiang became the second batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage, numbered IV-117.[1]

History

"In the thirteenth year of Qianlong Emperor (1748), counties adjacent to the west of Jimo suffered from floods and droughts, and people lived in there fled to Jimo."[6] The refugees sang local songs from their hometown while begging. Jimo local people said that the tunes that the refugees sang were "Benzhougu". Combined with Jimo local songs and yangge (Chinese: 秧歌; pinyin: yāng ge), "Benzhougu" gradually evolved from rap to singing, forming Liuqiang.[7] "The initial form of Liuqiang was simple, only need drums (Chinese: 鼓; pinyin: gǔ), Luo (simplified Chinese: 锣; traditional Chinese: 鑼; pinyin: luó), Bangzi (Chinese: 梆子; pinyin: Bāng zi) and patter board (Chinese: 呱嗒板; pinyin: guā dā bǎn)."[7] After 1910, influenced by the Laiyang folk music (simplified Chinese: 莱阳小调; traditional Chinese: 萊陽小調; pinyin: láiyáng Xiǎodiào), artists began to used the four-string huqin (Chinese: 四弦胡琴; pinyin: Sìxián Húqín) and the Yueqin (Chinese: 月琴, pinyin: yuè qín) to accompany.[3][7]

In the early stage of accompaniment with the four-string huqin, since there was no fixed music score, musicians’ accompaniment and singers’ vocal cannot be fully coordinated, and singers can only "liu (Chinese: 溜; pinyin: liū)" along the music. [5][3] Therefore, people called this opera "Liuqiang (Chinese: 溜腔; pinyin: liū qiāng)".[5] Later, people used the homonym "Liu (Chinese: 柳; pinyin: liǔ)" and officially named it “Liuqiang (Chinese: 柳腔; pinyin: liǔ qiāng)”.[8][5]

At the beginning of the 20th century, often performed with Peking Opera (Chinese: 京剧; pinyin: jīng jù) and Bangziqiang (Chinese: 梆子腔; pinyin: bāng zi qiāng), Liuqiang was influenced by the music and characters of these operas.[7]

Performance characteristics

People use the Jimo dialect to sing Liuqiang.[9][10]

"Sad tone (simplified Chinese: 悲调; traditional Chinese: 悲調; pinyin: bēi diào)" and "Huadiao (simplified Chinese: 花调; traditional Chinese: 花調; pinyin: huā diào)" are the basic singing styles of Liuqiang.[5] “Sad tone” is used to express sadness or anger. “Huadiao” is used to express joy.[8]

There are 46 qupai (Chinese: 曲牌; pinyin: qǔ pái) in the Liuqiang music system.[1]

Repertoire

There are more than 120 traditional repertoires, more than 80 transplanted repertoires, and more than 40 modern repertoires.[1]

Representative traditional repertoires

Traditional repertoires mainly describe love stories.[1]

sidajing (Chinese: 四大京; pinyin: sì dà jīng)

Dongjing (simplified Chinese: 东京; traditional Chinese: 東京; pinyin: dōng jīng)[1]

Xijing (Chinese: 西京; pinyin: xī jīng)

Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; pinyin: nán jīng)

Beijing (Chinese: 北京; pinyin: běi jīng)"]

Badaji (simplified Chinese: 八大记; traditional Chinese: 八大記; pinyin: bā dà jì

Story of Gold Hairpin (simplified Chinese: 金簪记; traditional Chinese: 金簪記; pinyin: jīn zān jì)

Story of Jade Cup (simplified Chinese: 玉杯记; traditional Chinese: 玉杯記; pinyin: yù bēi jì)

Silanji (simplified Chinese: 丝兰记; traditional Chinese: 絲蘭記; pinyin: sī lán jì)

Story of Chinese Fire Dragon (simplified Chinese: 火龙记; traditional Chinese: 火龍記; pinyin: huǒ lóng jì)

Story of Kite (simplified Chinese: 风筝记; traditional Chinese: 風箏記; pinyin: fēng zheng jì)

Story of Key (simplified Chinese: 钥匙记; traditional Chinese: 鑰匙記; pinyin: yào shi jì)

Luoshanji (simplified Chinese: 罗衫记; traditional Chinese: 羅衫記; pinyin: luó shān jì)

Story of Embroidery Shoes (simplified Chinese: 绣鞋记; traditional Chinese: 綉鞋記; pinyin: xiù xié jì)

Representative transplanted repertoires

Qin Xianglian (simplified Chinese: 秦香莲; traditional Chinese: 秦香蓮; pinyin: qín xiāng lián)[11]

Bihunji (simplified Chinese: 逼婚记; traditional Chinese: 逼婚記; pinyin: bī hūn jì)

Dajinzhi (Chinese: 打金枝; pinyin: dǎ jīn zhī)

Lotus Lantern (simplified Chinese: 宝莲灯; traditional Chinese: 寶蓮燈; pinyin: băo lián dēng)

Fenghuanchao (simplified Chinese: 凤还巢; traditional Chinese: 鳳還巢; pinyin: fèng huán cháo)

Representative modern repertoires

Jiao Yulu (traditional Chinese: 焦裕禄; simplified Chinese: 焦裕祿; pinyin: jiāo yù lù)[12]

Xiaoerhei’s marriage (traditional Chinese: 小二黑结婚; simplified Chinese: 小二黑結婚; pinyin: xiǎo èr hēi jié hūn)

Chunnuanhuakai (simplified Chinese: 春暖花开; traditional Chinese: 春暖花開; pinyi: chūn nuǎn huā kāi)

Duoyin (simplified Chinese: 夺印; traditional Chinese: 奪印; pinyin: duó yìn)

Jiafeng (simplified Chinese: 家风; traditional Chinese: 家風; pinyin: jiā fēng)[13][12]

Famous artist

Yuan Ling (Chinese: 袁玲; pinyin: yuán líng) is the representative inheritor of the fifth batch of Representative Projects of National Intangible Cultural Heritage.[14][15]

Awards and honors

The second batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage.[1]

The first batch of Excellent Practice Projects for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Shandong Province.[16]

See also

柳腔发展及流派演变

"中国民间文化艺术之乡"名单公布 山东30个上榜

即墨柳腔：地方戏焕发新生机

《人文地理》 20130804 田埂上的绝唱 柳腔

青岛地方戏竟这么牛，曾三进中南海！

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "中国国家级非物质文化遗产国家名录". 中国非物质文化遗产网. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  2. ^ "即墨柳腔". Jimo Municipal Archives即墨市档案信息网. 26 September 2010. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b c "中华五千年网". Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  4. ^ 梁, 辰 (5 June 2018). "从艺四十余载，她将柳腔唱遍全国". 光明网. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d e "国际级项目——即墨柳腔". 即墨文化馆. 28 April 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  6. ^ 孙, 赟 (2015). 山东即墨柳腔唱腔音乐研究. p. 11.
  7. ^ a b c d 孙, 丛丛 (2 February 2015). "即墨地儿，醉人乡音听柳腔". 中国非物质文化遗产网. 江晓雯. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  8. ^ a b 文宣 (26 March 2013). "柳腔". 山东省文化和旅游厅（文化事业 文化产业）. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  9. ^ 青岛全搜索电子报 (15 November 2016). "即墨柳腔". 青网. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  10. ^ 顾, 迎新 (28 August 2017). "即墨柳腔的现代继承与发展". 中共即墨市委党校. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  11. ^ "胶东之花—柳腔". 即墨政务网. 18 February 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  12. ^ a b 郭, 菁荔 (26 October 2016). "200岁即墨柳腔唱响胶东". 青岛新闻网. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  13. ^ 尚, 阳; 乔, 玉 (21 February 2018). "【新春走基层】柳腔演员：用乡音传承中国文化". 中国网. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  14. ^ 梁, 辰 (18 May 2018). "柳腔、鸳鸯螳螂拳...青岛再新添3名国家级非遗传承人". 青岛新闻网. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  15. ^ 杨, 凡; 王, 春令 (18 May 2018). "螳螂拳了解一下 青岛再添3名国家级非遗传承人". 齐鲁网. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  16. ^ 文, 泰 (11 January 2013). "山东省首批非遗保护优秀实践项目公布". 山东省文化和旅游厅（文化事业 文化产业）. Retrieved 6 December 2018.

Content Disclaimer

Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.

  1. The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
  2. There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
  3. It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
  4. Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
  5. Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.