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Unix (/ˈjuːnɪks/ , YOO-niks; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T...

1970, the Unix epoch. For example, at midnight on 1 January 2010, Unix time was 1262304000. Unix time originated as the system time of Unix operating...

A Unix-like operating system (sometimes referred to as a UN*X, *nix or *NIX) is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily...

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), also known as Berkeley Unix, is a discontinued Unix operating system developed and distributed by the Computer Systems...

The Unix philosophy, originated by Ken Thompson, is a set of cultural norms and philosophical approaches to minimalist, modular software development. It...

is an interactive command interpreter and command language developed for Unix-like operating systems. Created in 1989 by Brian Fox for the GNU Project...

Research Unix refers to the early versions of the Unix operating system for DEC PDP-7, PDP-11, VAX, and Interdata 7/32 and 8/32 computers, developed in...

The Unix command su, which stands for "substitute user" (or historically "superuser"), is used by a computer user to execute commands with the privileges...

running on the same Unix or Unix-like operating system. The term Unix domain socket refers to the domain argument value AF_UNIX passed to the system...

In Unix-like computer operating systems, a pipeline is a mechanism for inter-process communication using message passing. A pipeline is a set of processes...

A Unix shell is a shell that provides a command-line user interface for a Unix-like operating system. A Unix shell provides a command language that can...

Single UNIX Specification (SUS) is a standard for computer operating systems, compliance with which is required to qualify for using the "UNIX" trademark...

Linux (/ˈlɪnʊks/ LIN-uuks) is a family of free and open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, which was first released on 17 September...

When a text file with a shebang is used as if it were an executable in a Unix-like operating system, the program loader mechanism parses the rest of the...

computing systems, the term daemon is used almost exclusively in the context of Unix-based systems. In other contexts, different terms are used for the same concept...

The history of Unix dates back to the mid-1960s, when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Labs, and General Electric were jointly developing...

19 January 2038. The problem exists in systems which measure Unix time—the number of seconds elapsed since the Unix epoch (00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970)—and store...

for "GNU's Not Unix!", chosen because GNU's design is Unix-like, but differs from Unix by being free software and containing no Unix code. Stallman chose...

the early 1970s alongside the original AT&T UNIX itself and had a formative influence on the syntax of UNIX command line utilities and therefore also on...

UNIX System V (pronounced: "System Five") is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system. It was originally developed by AT&T and...

converting file data. Originally developed for Unix, it has been implemented on many other environments including Unix-like operating systems, Windows, Plan 9...

Internet Explorer for UNIX is a discontinued version of the Internet Explorer graphical web browser that was available free of charge and produced by Microsoft...

which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands are implemented in many shells on modern Unix, Unix-like and other operating systems...

short for manual page, is a form of software documentation found on Unix and Unix-like operating systems. Topics covered include programs, system libraries...

Version 7 Unix, also called Seventh Edition Unix, Version 7 or just V7, was an important early release of the Unix operating system. V7, released in 1979...

Look up unix, Unix, UNIX, UN*X, or *nix in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Unix may refer to: Unix, a family of operating systems, the first originally...

In Unix and operating systems inspired by it, the file system is considered a central component of the operating system. It was also one of the first parts...

abbreviation of catenate, a variant form of concatenate. Originally developed for Unix, it is available on many operating systems and shells today. In addition...

via the operating system shell. Make is widely used, especially in Unix and Unix-like operating systems, even though many competing technologies and...

and 1973 to construct utilities running on Unix. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system. During the 1980s, C gradually...

Each version of the UNIX Time-Sharing System evolved from the version before, with version one evolving from the prototypal Unix. Not all variants and...

In computing, tty is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems to print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input. tty stands...

UnixWare is a Unix operating system. It was originally released by Univel, a jointly owned venture of AT&T's Unix System Laboratories (USL) and Novell...

originates from Chronos, the Greek word for time. cron is generally available on Unix-like operating systems. The actions of cron are driven by a crontab (cron...

tr is a command in Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems. It is an abbreviation of translate or transliterate, indicating its operation...

less is a terminal pager program on Unix, Windows, and Unix-like systems used to view (but not change) the contents of a text file one screen at a time...

Tru64 UNIX is a discontinued 64-bit UNIX operating system for the Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA), currently owned by Hewlett-Packard (HP). Previously...

A/UX is a Unix-based operating system from Apple Computer for Macintosh computers, integrated with System 7's graphical interface and application compatibility...

superuser. In others, the name of the account is not the determining factor; on Unix-like systems, for example, the user with a user identifier (UID) of zero...

disk-based storage was the ubiquitous mass storage technology. The Single Unix Specification (SUS) specifies that space is reported in blocks of 512 bytes...

The Unix wars were a struggle between vendors to set a standard for the Unix operating system in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Both AT&T Corporation...

The UNIX-HATERS Handbook is a semi-humorous edited compilation of messages to the UNIX-HATERS mailing list. The book was edited by Simson Garfinkel, Daniel...

standard – including branded Unix systems, Unix-like systems, and many systems that were historically unrelated to Unix. The standardized user command...

Capsicum is an implementation of capability-based security for UNIX and similar systems. Presented at USENIX Security Symposium 2010, the system is part...

scientist. He created, together with long-time colleague Ken Thompson, the Unix operating system, C programming language, and B programming language. Dennis...

letters, /ˌiːˈdiː/) is a line editor. It was one of the first features of the Unix operating system. Although not commonly used today, it remains part of the...

used for the layout of Unix-like systems. It has been made popular by its use in Linux distributions, but it is used by other Unix-like systems as well...

DEC's DIGITAL Command Language (DCL) in OpenVMS and RSX-11, the various Unix shells (sh, ksh, csh, tcsh, zsh, Bash, etc.), CP/M's CCP, DOS' COMMAND.COM...

were introduced in their modern form in 1979 with Version 7 Unix, so are included in all Unix operating system flavors and variants from that point onward...

XNU ("X is Not Unix") is the computer operating system (OS) kernel developed at Apple Inc. since December 1996 for use in the Mac OS X (now macOS) operating...

nice is a program found on Unix and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux. It directly maps to a kernel call of the same name. nice is used to invoke...

Science Research Center (CSRC) at Bell Labs in the mid-1980s, built on the UNIX concepts first developed there in the late 1960s. Since 2000, Plan 9 has...

Edition Unix, also called Version 6 Unix or just V6 is a version of the Unix operating system first released in May 1975 and the first version of the Unix operating...

UNIX/32V is an early version of the Unix operating system from Bell Laboratories, released in June 1979. 32V was a direct port of the Seventh Edition Unix...

Amiga Unix (informally known as Amix) is a discontinued full port of AT&T Unix System V Release 4 operating system developed by Commodore-Amiga, Inc. in...

v4 UNIX Time-Sharing System v5 UNIX Time-Sharing System v6 MINI-UNIX PWB/UNIX USG CB Unix UNIX Time-Sharing System v7 (It is from Version 7 Unix (and...

Bell Labs in 1982. UNIX System III was a mix of various AT&T Unix systems: Version 7 Unix, PWB/UNIX 2.0, CB UNIX 3.0, UNIX/RT and UNIX/32V. System III supported...

text like the same-named C function. It is available in a variety of Unix and Unix-like systems. Some shells implement the command as builtin and some...

Unix, Plan 9, and Unix-like operating systems that evaluates conditional expressions. test was turned into a shell builtin command in 1981 with UNIX System...

biff is a mail notification system for Unix. When a new mail message is delivered, the program biff alerts the recipient so they can read it immediately...

In a computer file system, and primarily used in the Unix and Unix-like operating systems, the root directory is the first or top-most directory in a...

accepted among different vendors of Unix systems. In 1999, it was chosen as the standard binary file format for Unix and Unix-like systems on x86 processors...

yes is a command on Unix and Unix-like operating systems, which outputs an affirmative response, or a user-defined string of text continuously until killed...

attempted to compete directly with Microsoft by acquiring Digital Research, Unix System Laboratories, WordPerfect, and the Quattro Pro division of Borland...

The AT&T UNIX PC is a Unix desktop computer originally developed by Convergent Technologies (later acquired by Unisys), and marketed by AT&T Information...

Labs for most of his career where he designed and implemented the original Unix operating system. He also invented the B programming language, the direct...

Unix System Laboratories (USL), sometimes written UNIX System Laboratories to follow relevant trademark guidelines of the time, was an American software...

yet tar continues to have widespread use. The command was introduced to Unix in January 1979, replacing the tp program (which in turn replaced "tap")...

Unix Network Programming is a book written by W. Richard Stevens. It was published in 1990 by Prentice Hall and covers many topics regarding UNIX networking...

HP-UX (from "Hewlett Packard Unix") is a discontinued proprietary implementation of the Unix operating system developed by Hewlett Packard Enterprise...

Unix security refers to the means of securing a Unix or Unix-like operating system. A core security feature in these systems is the file system permissions...

significantly to the evolution of several key computing technologies, among them Unix, RISC processors, thin client computing, and virtualized computing. At its...

The seven standard Unix file types are regular, directory, symbolic link, FIFO special, block special, character special, and socket as defined by POSIX...

PATH is an environment variable on Unix-like operating systems, DOS, OS/2, and Microsoft Windows, specifying a set of directories where executable programs...

that the write operation succeeded. This device is called /dev/null on Unix and Unix-like systems, NUL: (see TOPS-20) or NUL on CP/M and DOS (internally...

developed for Unix and later codified by POSIX and Single UNIX Specification, it is supported in many operating systems today, including Unix-like variants...

users and groups of users. One well-established technology was developed for Unix and later codified by POSIX. Another common technology is an access-control...

(gcc), this is done via the -s option. The command is available in Unix, Plan 9, and Unix-like systems. The GNU Project includes an implementation in the...

In Unix computing, crypt or enigma is a utility program used for encryption. Due to the ease of breaking it, it is considered to be obsolete. The program...

In Unix, graph is a command-line utility used to draw plots from tabular data. The graph utility, written by Douglas McIlroy, was present in the first...

A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by a Unix shell, a command-line interpreter. The various dialects of shell scripts are considered...

z/OS UNIX System Services (z/OS UNIX, or informally USS) is a base element of z/OS. z/OS UNIX is a certified UNIX operating system implementation (XPG4...

A Unix architecture is a computer operating system system architecture that embodies the Unix philosophy. It may adhere to standards such as the Single...

support, including SOCKS4, SOCKS5, HAProxy, and HTTP proxies with chaining and Unix domain sockets, as well as user-plus-password authentication. Advanced name-resolution...

its Mac computers since their introduction in 1984. The current macOS is a UNIX operating system built on technology that had been developed at NeXT from...

underlying Unix base but also has Automator, which allows filters (known as "Actions") to be strung together to form a pipeline. In Unix and Unix-like operating...

AIX (pronounced /ˌeɪ.aɪ.ˈɛks/ ay-eye-EKS) is a series of proprietary Unix operating systems developed and sold by IBM since 1986. The name stands for "Advanced...

processing methods". nginx.org. poll – System Interfaces Reference, The Single UNIX Specification, Version 5 from The Open Group man-pages for poll(2) in FreeBSD...

macOS (previously OS X and originally Mac OS X) is a proprietary Unix operating system, derived from OPENSTEP for Mach and FreeBSD, which has been marketed...

USL v. BSDi was a lawsuit brought in New Jersey federal court in 1992 by Unix System Laboratories against Berkeley Software Design, Inc. and the Regents...

Windows Services for UNIX (SFU) is a discontinued software package produced by Microsoft which provided a Unix environment on Windows NT and some of its...

abbreviated ISC) was a US-based software company and the first vendor of the Unix operating system outside AT&T, operating from Santa Monica, California. It...

running the Classic Mac OS (1985), AT&T UNIX PC (1985), Atari ST (1988), OS/2 (1989), Microsoft Windows (1989), SCO Unix (1990), Handheld PC (1996), Pocket...

The Unix Programming Environment, first published in 1984 by Prentice Hall, is a book written by Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike, both of Bell Labs and...

standard English language spell checker for Unix, Plan 9, and Unix-like operating systems. Appearing in Version 6 Unix, spell was originally written by Stephen...

originally come from NetBSD, and support decompression of bzip2 and the Unix pack format. An alternative compression program achieving 3-8% better compression...

Xenix is a Unix operating system that was published by Microsoft from 1980 to 1987, and by the Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) from 1987 to 1991. Xenix is based...

This Unix-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information....

database of quotations. Early versions of the program appeared in Version 7 Unix in 1979. The most common version on modern systems is the BSD fortune, originally...

character is in either "Text" or "Code" fields. Some Unix shells use the ampersand as a metacharacter: Some Unix shells, like the POSIX standard sh shell, use...

The Unix command fuser is used to show which processes are using a specified computer file, file system, or Unix socket. For example, to check process...

various Unix and Unix-like operating systems. Not all of these browsers are specific to these operating systems; some are available on non-Unix systems...

646 standard. Unix followed the Multics practice, and later Unix-like systems followed Unix. This created conflicts between Windows and Unix-like operating...

In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, type is a command that describes how its arguments would be interpreted if used as command names. Where applicable...

Xinuos OpenServer, previously SCO UNIX and SCO Open Desktop (SCO ODT), is a closed source computer operating system developed by Santa Cruz Operation (SCO)...

would not help the attacker. Salting is broadly used in cybersecurity, from Unix system credentials to Internet security. Salts are related to cryptographic...

effect. grep was originally developed for the Unix operating system, and is commonly available on Unix-like and some other systems such as OS-9. The shell...

Seismic Unix is an open source seismic utilities package which was supported by the Center for Wave Phenomena (CWP) at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM)...

The Unix file system (UFS) is a family of file systems supported by many Unix and Unix-like operating systems. It is a distant descendant of the original...

For a rename, an item's timestamp is not modified. On Unix implementations derived from AT&T Unix, cp, ln and mv are implemented as a single program with...

utility has the same name: sed. First appearing in Version 7 Unix, sed is one of the early Unix utilities built for command line processing of data files...

rc (for "run commands") is the command-line interpreter for Version 10 Unix and Plan 9 from Bell Labs operating systems. It resembles the Bourne shell...

die.net. Retrieved 7 August 2015. "The Single UNIX Specification, Version 4 - Overview". unix.org. unix.org. Archived from the original on 15 January...

In computing, whoami is a command found on most Unix-like operating systems, Intel iRMX 86, every Microsoft Windows operating system since Windows Server...

bomb is an infinite loop that repeatedly launches new copies of itself. In Unix-like operating systems, fork bombs are generally written to use the fork...

limited form of inter-process communication (IPC), typically used in Unix, Unix-like, and other POSIX-compliant operating systems. A signal is an asynchronous...

On Unix, Plan 9, and Unix-like computer systems, factor is a utility for factoring an integer into its prime factors. factor first appeared on 5th edition...

directory. The command is available on most Unix-like systems. The command first appeared in Version 5 Unix as part of the Programmer's Workbench project...

programming language) and posted to mod.sources (which later became comp.sources.unix) in May 1985. patch was added to XPG4, which later became POSIX. Wall's code...

found on a Unix-like operating system. A common convention is to name a daemon with a d suffix. List of POSIX commands Verma, Archna (2006), Unix and Shell...

pathname choices from Classic Mac OS and the Unix-like NeXTSTEP. The classic Mac OS uses a : while Unix and Unix-like systems use a / as the path delimiter...

announced they had no interest in suing people over Unix and stated "We don't believe there is Unix in Linux". The final district court ruling, on November...

Oracle Solaris is a proprietary Unix operating system offered by Oracle for SPARC and x86-64 based workstations and servers. Originally developed by Sun...

host Developer Internet Systems Consortium (ISC) Operating system Unix, Unix-like Type Command License Mozilla Public License 2.0...

UNIX PC, released in March 1985. The UNIX PC integrated a number features (Stream-based I/O, Multinational Language Support) to the Intel AT&T UNIX base...

In computing, apropos is a command to search the man page files in Unix and Unix-like operating systems. Apropos takes its name from the French "à propos"...

other UNIX systems not using a microkernel. It is written in C and uses UNIX System V syntax, but also supports BSD syntax. Linux supports standard UNIX networking...

the use of the results of that check. TOCTOU race conditions are common in Unix between operations on the file system, but can occur in other contexts, including...

subject to the GNU GPL. After AT&T had dropped out of the Multics project, the Unix operating system was conceived and implemented by Ken Thompson and Dennis...

In Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems, a file descriptor (FD, less frequently fildes) is a process-unique identifier (handle) for a file or...

fish (friendly interactive shell; stylized in lowercase) is a Unix-like shell with a focus on interactivity and usability. fish is designed to be feature-rich...

for Unix and OpenVMS, based on the Motif widget toolkit. It was part of the UNIX 98 Workstation Product Standard, and was for a long time the Unix desktop...

UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy) is a suite of computer programs and protocols allowing remote execution of commands and transfer of files, email and netnews between...

client for Unix and Unix-like operating systems. "Electronic mail was there from the start", Douglas McIlroy writes in his article "A Research UNIX Reader:...

(abbreviated as SDF, also known as freeshell.org) is a non-profit public access UNIX shell provider on the Internet. It has been in continual operation since...

have a higher risk of major data loss. The term is largely specific to Unix and Unix-like systems. The equivalent on Microsoft Windows operating systems...

read is a command found on Unix and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux. It reads a line of input from standard input or a file passed as an argument...

In Unix-like operating systems, unlink is a system call and a command line utility to delete files. The program directly interfaces the system call, which...

The Seventh Edition Unix terminal interface is the generalized abstraction, comprising both an application programming interface for programs and a set...

tail is a program available on Unix, Unix-like systems, FreeDOS and MSX-DOS used to display the tail end of a text file or piped data. The version of tail...

is a Unix command used for making a file with long lines more readable on a limited width computer terminal by performing a line wrap. Most Unix terminals...

selling three Unix operating system variants for Intel x86 processors: Xenix, SCO UNIX (later known as SCO OpenDesktop and SCO OpenServer), and UnixWare. SCO...

Unix International (UI) was an association created in 1988 to promote open standards, especially the Unix operating system. Its most notable members were...

most is a program on Unix, OpenVMS, MS-DOS, Windows and Unix-like systems used to view (but not change) the contents of a text file one screen at a time...

available in various Unix shells on Unix and Unix-like operating systems as well as on other systems such as KolibriOS. On Unix clear uses the terminfo...

of Unix and was used through Version 6 Unix. Version 7 Unix had a modified version of that format, which was also used in UNIX System III and in UNIX System...

The standard Unix command who displays a list of users who are currently logged into the computer. The who command is related to the command w, which provides...

cu ("call Unix") is a Unix utility for establishing a connection between two computer systems via a serial port to another computer system. When cu was...

In some operating systems, including Unix-like systems, a pseudoterminal, pseudotty, or PTY is a pair of pseudo-device endpoints (files) which establish...

hash is a command on Unix and Unix-like operating systems that prints the location information for the commands found. The hash command has also been...

ptx is a Unix utility, named after the permuted index algorithm which it uses to produce a search or concordance report in the Keyword in Context (KWIC)...

in the 1970s when University of California, Berkeley received a copy of Unix. Professors and students at the university began adding software to the operating...

Multi-Environment Real-Time (MERT), later renamed UNIX Real-Time (UNIX-RT), is a hybrid time-sharing and real-time operating system developed in the 1970s...

storage was not reused. Originally, developed for Unix, today it is also available on Unix-like and non Unix-like systems, KolibriOS, IBM i, EFI shell. and...

nl is a Unix utility for numbering lines, either from a file or from standard input, reproducing output on standard output. nl is part of the X/Open Portability...

BASIC) is a free, open-source BASIC interpreter for Microsoft Windows and Unix platforms. Yabasic was originally developed by Marc-Oliver Ihm. From version...

nm is a Unix command used to dump the symbol table and their attributes from a binary executable file (including libraries, compiled object modules, shared-object...

The Unix System (ISBN 0-201-13791-7, ISBN 978-0201137910) is a book by Stephen R. Bourne. Published in 1982, it was the first widely available general...

head is a program on Unix and Unix-like operating systems used to display the beginning of a text file or piped data. The command syntax is: head [options]...

computer operating systems. It first appeared on Version 7 Unix, as its default shell. Unix-like systems continue to have /bin/sh—which will be the Bourne...

characters looking similar). od is one of the earliest Unix programs, having appeared in version 1 AT&T Unix. It is also specified in the POSIX standards. The...

locate is a Unix utility which serves to find files on filesystems. It searches through a prebuilt database of files generated by the updatedb command...

known for owning Unix operating system assets that had belonged to the Santa Cruz Operation (the original SCO), including the UnixWare and OpenServer...

For many years, fork was the primary method of process creation on Unix and Unix-like operating systems, and it remains a required interface for compliance...

In UNIX computing, the system load is a measure of the amount of computational work that a computer system performs. The load average represents the average...

In a Unix or Unix-like operating system, job control refers to controlling a process group as a job via a shell. Control features include suspend, resume...

The Art of Unix Programming by Eric S. Raymond is a book about the history and culture of Unix programming from its earliest days in 1969 to 2003 when...

srm (or Secure Remove) is a command line utility for Unix-like computer systems for secure file deletion. srm removes each specified file by overwriting...

/ˌviːˈaɪ/ ) is a screen-oriented text editor originally created for the Unix operating system. The portable subset of the behavior of vi and programs...

command is available on Unix and Unix-like operating systems. It is specified in the POSIX standard and is often implemented in Unix shells as a shell builtin...

operating system they run", with the former running Unix and the latter running OS/2, classic Mac OS, and/or Unix. Many workstations by then had some method to...

On Unix-like computer systems, seq is a utility for generating a sequence of numbers. seq first appeared on 8th edition Research Unix in 1985, and was...

wall (an abbreviation of write to all) is a Unix command-line utility that displays the contents of a computer file or standard input to all logged-in...

In most Unix and Unix-like operating systems, the ps (process status) program displays the currently-running processes. The related Unix utility top provides...

The Programmer's Workbench (PWB/UNIX) was an early, now discontinued, version of the Unix operating system that had been created in the Bell Labs Computer...

A Commentary on the Sixth Edition UNIX Operating System by John Lions (later reissued as Lions' Commentary on UNIX 6th Edition and commonly referred to...

addresses of segments. Linker control scripts were used for this. On Unix and Unix-like systems, the static linker is usually invoked via the command ld...

Programming in the Unix Environment is a computer programming book by W. Richard Stevens describing the application programming interface of the UNIX family of...

UnxUtils is a collection of utility programs that provide popular Unix-based shell commands – ported from GNU implementations as native Windows programs...

the service.[citation needed] It is implemented on Unix (including modern FreeBSD and macOS), Unix-like systems (such as Linux), and current versions...

creating a new file with default permissions. The command was part of Version 1 Unix, and is specified by POSIX. The implementation from GNU has many additional...

for its behavior) is an extension to the traditional pipe concept on Unix and Unix-like systems, and is one of the methods of inter-process communication...

command in various operating systems. Before a user can access a file on a Unix-like machine, the file system on the device which contains the file needs...

that is, horizontal rather than vertical. The command was developed for Unix at Bell Labs by Gottfried W. R. Luderer. The implementation bundled in GNU...

students using Unix. The resulting software became known as Berkeley Unix. He founded the CSRG with an ARPA grant to enhance Berkeley Unix for use in creating...

(DEC) discontinued native Unix operating systems for the PDP-11, VAX, MicroVAX and DECstations. The initial development of Unix occurred on DEC equipment...

select is a system call and application programming interface (API) in Unix-like and POSIX-compliant operating systems for examining the status of file...

Guide to Unix has a page on the topic of: Commands List of Unix commands talk (Unix) wall (Unix) write(1) – Version 7 Unix Programmer's Manual Unix Programmer's...

from Unix-to-Unix Copy, i.e. "Unix-to-Unix encoding" is a safe encoding for the transfer of arbitrary files from one Unix system to another Unix system...

working at Bell Labs, where he was a member of the Unix team. Pike wrote the first window system for Unix in 1981.[non-primary source needed] He is the sole...

Mosaic. Andreessen and Bina began developing Mosaic in February 1991 for Unix's X Window System, calling it xmosaic. Marc Andreessen announced the project's...

sudo (/suːduː/ or /ˈsuːdoʊ/) is a shell command on Unix-like operating systems that enables a user to run a program with the security privileges of another...

helpful for editing complex, multi-line commands. Originally developed for Unix and standardized by POSIX, the command is available in many operating systems...

be orchestrated by the program.[citation needed] Since Unix provided standard streams, the Unix C runtime environment was obliged to support it as well...

The Unix command top provides CPU time, priority, elapsed real time, and other information for all processes and updates it in real time. The Unix command...

as is a generic command name for an assembler on Unix. More than one assembler for Unix and Unix-like operating systems has been implemented with an executable...

pg is a terminal pager program on Unix and Unix-like systems for viewing text files. It can also be used to page through the output of a command via a...

The Danish UNIX systems User Group (Danish: Dansk UNIX-system Bruger Gruppe, DKUUG) is a computer user group focused around UNIX. It was the first Internet...

386BSD (also known as "Jolix") is a Unix-like operating system that was developed by couple Lynne and William "Bill" Jolitz. Released as free and open...

speak was a Unix utility that used a predefined set of rules to turn a file of English text into phoneme data compatible with a Federal Screw Works (later...

S8000 computer came out with a version of Unix called ZEUS (Zilog Enhanced Unix System). ZEUS was a port of Unix Version 7 and included what were referred...

blocks. The du command first appeared in version 1 of AT&T UNIX. It is specified by the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). The implementation in GNU coreutils...

SunOS is a Unix-branded operating system developed by Sun Microsystems for their workstation and server computer systems from 1982 until the mid-1990s...

System Activity Report (sar) is a Unix System V-derived system monitor command used to report on various system loads, including CPU activity, memory/paging...

Yacc (Yet Another Compiler-Compiler) is a computer program for the Unix operating system developed by Stephen C. Johnson. It is a lookahead left-to-right...

Unix Specification, and should therefore be available in any POSIX-compliant operating system and compiler. For instance, this includes Unix and Unix-like...

The fmt command in Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems formats natural language text for humans to read. The command has been used...

displayed via the dirs Unix command or Get-Location -stack PowerShell command. The working directory is at the top of the stack. The first Unix shell to provide...

the early 1970s for the Unix operating system, at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey. It was part of the 5th Edition of Unix released in 1974, and was...

In computing, sort is a standard command line program of Unix and Unix-like operating systems, that prints the lines of its input or concatenation of...

uname (short for unix name) is a computer program in Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems that prints the name, version and other details about...

the Unix operating system, the term universe was used to denote some variant of the working environment. During the late 1980s, most commercial Unix variants...

Unix/NS (the NCR 3700 Operating System) is based on the Unix SVR4. It contains significant extensions for massively parallel systems, in particular Distributed...

The Linux kernel is a free and open-source Unix-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in...

As the first Unix text-formatting computer program, it is a predecessor of the nroff and troff document processing systems. Roff was a Unix version of the...

XINU Is Not Unix (XINU, a recursive acronym), is an operating system for embedded systems, originally developed by Douglas Comer for educational use at...

popular operating systems to send signals to running processes. In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, kill is a command used to send a signal to a...

POSIX-conformant[citation needed] Unix subsystem for Windows NT operating systems. Interix was a component of Windows Services for UNIX, and a superset of the Microsoft...

chroot is a shell command and a system call on Unix and Unix-like operating systems that changes the apparent root directory for the current running process...

dig is a network administration command-line tool for querying the Domain Name System (DNS). dig is useful for network troubleshooting and for educational...

The Thompson shell was the first Unix shell, introduced in the first version of Unix in 1971, and was written by Ken Thompson. It was a simple command...

break if its target is moved or deleted. Symbolic links are supported in Unix-like operating systems and Microsoft Windows, although they impose varying...

most file systems in other Unix-like environments are case-sensitive, and, for example, a source code tree for software for Unix-like systems might have...

later HCR Corporation, was a Canadian software company that worked on the Unix operating system and system software and business applications for it. Founded...

represent: An example of a pandigital number Millisecond 1234567890, a moment in Unix time celebrated in the year 2009 Numeral system, any writing system for expressing...

macOS, Unix Desktop search for Windows, Mac OS X Tiger, Unix/Linux. Mozilla Public v1.1 Tracker Linux, Unix Open-source desktop search tool for Unix/Linux...

split is a utility on Unix, Plan 9, and Unix-like operating systems most commonly used to split a computer file into two or more smaller files. The split...

For example, Unix and POSIX-compliant systems encode system time ("Unix time") as the number of seconds elapsed since the start of the Unix epoch at 1 January...

major Unix vendors of the time to create open, unified operating system (OS) standards. The COSE process was established during a time when the "Unix wars"...

OSF/1 is a variant of the Unix operating system developed by the Open Software Foundation during the late 1980s and early 1990s. OSF/1 is one of the first...

The banner program on Unix and Unix-like operating systems outputs a large ASCII art version of the text that is supplied to it as its program arguments...

computer programs designed to enable users of one Unix system to log in or issue commands to another Unix computer via TCP/IP computer network. The r-commands...

UNIX z/OS VM OpenVMS QNX Classic Mac OS AmigaOS DOS Windows BeOS Haiku HarmonyOS Newton OS Palm OS Symbian BlackBerry OS Windows Mobile Unix and Unix-like...

System with UCSD Pascal TRIPOS TSX-Plus Unix (many versions, including Version 6 Unix, Version 7 Unix, UNIX System III, and 2BSD) Xinu OS for instructional...

Mach was developed as a replacement for the kernel in the BSD version of Unix, not requiring a new operating system to be designed around it. Mach and...

PID) is a number used by most operating system kernels—such as those of Unix, macOS and Windows—to uniquely identify an active process. This number may...

V6/usr/sys/ken/sys1.c". The Unix Heritage Society. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. "The Unix Tree V7/usr/sys/sys/sys1.c". The Unix Heritage Society. Archived...

the Open Group for Unix Systems and incorporated in 1987 as X/Open Company, Ltd.) was a consortium founded by several European UNIX systems manufacturers...

enhance productivity on personal computers. At the same time, various Unix and Unix-based operating systems dominated technical workstations and departmental...

application programming interface (API) for Internet domain sockets and Unix domain sockets, used for inter-process communication (IPC). It is commonly...

the modification timestamp of an existing file to be current – which on a Unix-based file system includes special files such as directories. If the input...

message generated on some Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems in response to certain types of printer errors. lp0 is the Unix device handle for the...

(which can, and frequently does, run 24/7). Shared libraries were added to Unix in the 1980s, but initially without the ability to let a program load additional...

In computing, sleep is a command in Unix, Unix-like and other operating systems that suspends program execution for a specified time. The sleep instruction...

was released in 1987. Hack is still available for Unix, and is distributed alongside many modern Unix-like OSes, including Debian, Ubuntu, the BSDs, Fedora...

plugin) GNOME Yelp Free and open-source software portal Manual page (Unix) List of Unix commands Stacy, Christopher C. (1982), MIT Artificial Intelligence...

of the source code for the Unix operating system. SCO sought to have the court declare that SCO owned the rights to the Unix code, including the copyrights...

to various other operating systems. Official ports are available for some Unix-like platforms, with work-in-progress ports to Classic Mac OS and macOS,...

lastlog is a program available on most Linux distributions. It formats and prints the contents of the last login log file, /var/log/lastlog (which is a...

top is a task manager or system monitor program, found in many Unix-like operating systems, that displays information about CPU and memory utilization...

wc (short for word count) is a command in Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and operating systems that are Unix-like. The program reads either standard input or a...

subprocess with modified environment variables. The command is provided in a Unix-like system. By default, a subprocess inherits the environment variables...

siː iː/) is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. Xfce aims to be fast and lightweight while still...

and acquired by Red Hat in 2015, Ansible is designed to configure both Unix-like systems and Microsoft Windows. Ansible is agentless, relying on temporary...

which they are commonly used. Many different file formats are used on Unix and Unix-like operating systems. Even so, there is a strong tradition of using...

systems and operating systems conforming to branded UNIX (UNIX 95, UNIX 98 and UNIX 03 Single UNIX Specifications) such as Solaris and AIX (as well as...

capability of computers grew, Unix became increasingly cluttered with code. It is also because the modularity of the Unix kernel is extensively scalable...

company, Musk returned as CEO. Musk's preference for Microsoft software over Unix created a rift in the company and caused Thiel to resign. Due to resulting...

Sendmail is a well-known project of the free and open source software and Unix communities. It has spread both as free software and proprietary software...

inspire the creation of Unix, which carried forward many Multics features, but was able to run on less expensive hardware. Unix was developed at Bell to...

Vyssotsky. University of Virginia Ned Pierce (January 1985). "Putting Unix in Perspective". Unix Review: 59. Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. List of Significant...

operating system shells, most support a change directory command, including Unix and Unix-like (i.e. Linux) shells, and Microsoft shells including Command Prompt...

Unix Expo was a conference and trade show that focused on the Unix operating system, and software based on Unix, in the information technology sector...

associating the file name with an index in a table of contents or an inode in a Unix-like file system. Directory structures may be flat (i.e. linear), or allow...

KornShell (ksh) is a Unix shell which was developed by David Korn at Bell Labs in the early 1980s and announced at USENIX on July 14, 1983. The initial...

Retrieved 8 September 2010. My original impetus for writing PING for 4.2a BSD UNIX came from an offhand remark in July 1983 by Dr. Dave Mills ... I named it...

Project of the Free Software Foundation, designed as a replacement for the Unix kernel, and released as free software under the GNU General Public License...

area. In 1984, it began to retain publishing rights on manuals created for Unix vendors. A few 70-page "Nutshell Handbooks" were well-received, but the focus...

and the Single Unix Specification. It first appeared in AT&T System III UNIX in 1982. The command is commonly available on Unix and Unix-like operating...

not a feature of file systems or of the operating system as a whole. The Unix-based ls shell command hides any file that starts with a dot (commonly called...

GNU Bazaar (formerly Bazaar-NG, command line tool bzr) is a distributed and client–server revision control system sponsored by Canonical. Bazaar can be...

text, printed, or analysed with specialised tools such as elfdump on Unix and Unix-like systems, objdump and kdump on Linux, IPCS (Interactive Problem...

computer software, logname (stands for Login Name) is a program in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that prints the name of the user who is currently...

and BASIC is also a general-purpose language. Almquist shell (ash) Bash (Unix shell) bash Bourne shell sh C shell csh Ch shell ch Debian Almquist shell...

In Unix-like computer operating systems, init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the operating system. Init is a...

words is a standard file on Unix and Unix-like operating systems, and is simply a newline-delimited list of dictionary words. It is used, for instance...

developed for use with Unix and is now available on a variety of Unix-like systems, as well as Windows, and ReactOS. On Unix-like operating systems,...

representation. Null device, a virtual file that discards data written to it, on Unix systems /dev/null Null pointer or reference (sometimes written NULL, nil...

McIlroy is best known for having originally proposed Unix pipelines and developed several Unix tools, such as echo, spell, diff, sort, join, graph, speak...

The command w on many Unix-like operating systems provides a quick summary of every user logged into a computer, what each user is currently doing, and...

The script command is a Unix utility that records a terminal session. It dates back to the 1979 3.0 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). A script session...

canonical environment variable in Unix and POSIX that should be used to specify a temporary directory for scratch space. Most Unix programs will honor this setting...

In Unix operating systems, a wheel is a user account with a wheel bit, a system setting that provides additional special system privileges that empower...

Free and open-source software portal unixODBC is an open-source project that implements the Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) API. The code is provided...

and Krita. Many KDE applications are cross-platform and can run on Unix and Unix-like operating systems as well as Microsoft Windows. KDE is legally...

A comic book archive or comic book reader file (also called sequential image file) is a type of archive file for the purpose of sequential viewing of images...

UnixWorld (Unixworld: McGraw-Hill's magazine of open systems computing.) is a defunct magazine about Unix systems, published from May 1984 until December...

(Windowing Shell) is a Tcl interpreter extended with Tk commands, available for Unix-like operating systems supporting the X Window System, as well as macOS,...

provided by many shells although syntax varies. The command is provided in Unix and Unix-like systems, OS-9, DOS (e.g. 4DOS, FreeDOS), Windows (e.g. 4NT, PowerShell...

lsof is a command meaning "list open files", which is used in many Unix-like systems to report a list of all open files and the processes that opened them...

Darwin is the core Unix-like operating system of macOS, iOS, watchOS, tvOS, iPadOS, audioOS, visionOS, and bridgeOS. It previously existed as an independent...

of resources that are allocated to the process, such as file descriptors (Unix terminology) or handles (Windows), and data sources and sinks. Security attributes...

SoundTracker is a free music tracker for Unix-like operating systems running the X Window System, used for composing music saved in module files. Its name...

BSD/OS is a proprietary Unix operating system first released in 1993 as BSD/386. It was originally developed and sold by Berkeley Software Design, Inc...

In Unix-like operating systems, a user identifier (often abbreviated to user ID or UID) is a value used to identify a user. The UID, along with the group...

authentication as well). Free and open-source software portal List of Unix commands cat (Unix) – Shell command for writing an input file or stream to standard...

join is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that merges the lines of two sorted text files based on the presence of a common field. It is...

curses is a terminal control library for Unix-like systems, enabling the construction of text user interface (TUI) applications. The name is a pun on the...

the home directory than regular users. The superuser is usually root in Unix-like systems, and SYSTEM in Windows NT. The file /etc/xdg/user-dirs.defaults...

work with Ubuntu Ubuntu Gamer, January 10, 2011 (Article by Luke Benstead) "Unix Drivers". Archived from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved August...

Sound eXchange (SoX) is a cross-platform audio editing software. It has a command-line interface, and is written in standard C. It is free software, licensed...

selects strings from the whole file. The command is available in Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like systems. It is part of the GNU Binary Utilities (binutils)...

getty, short for "get tty", is a Unix program running on a host computer that manages physical or virtual terminals (TTYs). When it detects a connection...

An example is a Unix or Unix-like system where multiple remote users have access (such as via a serial port or Secure Shell) to the Unix shell prompt at...

different one via telnet, ssh, dial-up, or over a direct serial connection. On Unix-like operating systems, it is common to have one or more terminal windows...

Unix and POSIX measure time as the number of seconds that have passed since Thursday 1 January 1970 00:00:00 UT, a point in time known as the Unix epoch...

announcement was made public on the Usenet newsgroup comp.mail.pine. Most major Unix-like systems currently use this as the primary upstream site. On March 17...

a number of Unix-like operating systems under active development, descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) series of UNIX variants developed...

command is available on Unix-like systems, OS-9, IBM i and Windows (via UnxUtils). The command first appeared in Version 1 Unix. It is part of the X/Open...

sum is a legacy utility available on some Unix and Unix-like operating systems. This utility outputs a 16-bit checksum of each argument file, as well...

line editor based on and intended as an improvement to ed, the original Unix editor. Today, it is standardized by POSIX. George Coulouris of Queen Mary...

1954) is an American computer scientist, known for his extensive work on BSD UNIX, from the 1980s to FreeBSD in the present day. He served on the board of...

CUPS (formerly an acronym for Common UNIX Printing System) is a modular printing system for Unix-like computer operating systems which allows a computer...

uniq is a utility command on Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems which, when fed a text file or standard input, outputs the text with...

a free and open-source Unix-like operating system descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a version of Unix developed at the University...

text file. In modern operating systems such as DOS, Microsoft Windows and Unix-like systems, text files do not contain any special EOF character, because...

Quod Libet is a cross-platform free and open-source audio player, tag editor and library organizer. The main design philosophy is that the user knows how...

composed of a sequence of filenames. Unix-like file systems allow a file to have more than one name; in traditional Unix-style file systems, the names are...

type is determined by the API, e.g., curses, TPUT. Under Linux and other Unix-like systems, a program easily accommodates to any of the three cases because...

schism in the developer community. Forking proprietary software (such as Unix) is prohibited by copyright law without explicit permission, but free and...

command-line lossless data compressors, including the programs lzma and xz, for Unix-like operating systems and, from version 5.0 onwards, Microsoft Windows....

X v10.4.3 or later Unix and Unix-like operating systems: Unix (BSD): 386BSD, BSD/OS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, SunOS, ULTRIX Unix (System V): AIX, A/UX...

PTS-DOS, FreeDOS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows, and ReactOS. A version for Unix and Unix-like systems is also available. The tree command is frequently used...

may limit the length and format of the extension, while others, such as Unix file systems, the VFAT file system, and NTFS, treat filename extensions as...

This act is also referred to as an overlay. It is specially important in Unix-like systems, although it also exists elsewhere. As no new process is created...

computer user interface. It is a feature of some Unix-like operating systems such as Linux, BSD, illumos, UnixWare, and macOS in which the system console of...

Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7. The I/O functionality of C is fairly low-level...

full Unix-like runtime environment. It includes ports of essential GNU development tools, including GCC and GNU Binutils, along with a minimal Unix-like...

software that provide e-mail services. Unix-based mail servers are built using a number of components because a Unix-style environment is, by default, a...

expose a text terminal interface. Expect, originally written in 1990 for the Unix platform, has since become available for Microsoft Windows and other systems...

indent is a Unix utility that reformats C and C++ code in a user-defined indentation style and coding style. Support for C++ code is minimal. The original...

1930s to 1950s Hyperlink, from one electronic document to another link (Unix), command-line program to link directory entries <link>, a type of HTML element...

The dump command is a program on Unix and Unix-like operating systems used to back up file systems. It operates on blocks, below filesystem abstractions...

Unix-like operating systems Batch file language (BAT), for scripting Microsoft Windows Bourne shell, interpreted language for scripting Unix and Unix-like...

files determined by context lines. The command is commonly available on Unix and Unix-like operating systems. The command is part of the X/Open Portability...

Video Decode and Presentation API for Unix (VDPAU) is a royalty-free application programming interface (API) as well as its implementation as free and...

X is based on NeXTSTEP, OpenStep, and BSD Unix, to combine the stability, reliability, and security of Unix with the ease of use of an overhauled user...

ཤིང་མོ་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་ (female Wood-Snake) 2152 or 1771 or 999     — to — མེ་ཕོ་རྟ་ལོ་ (male Fire-Horse) 2153 or 1772 or 1000 Unix time 1767225600 – 1798761599...

TENEX operating system for the PDP-10, and Unix, which inherited the concept of process forking from it. Unix co-creator Ken Thompson worked on Project...

In computing, time is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems. It is used to determine the duration of execution of a particular command. time(1)...

shell account is a user account on a remote server, typically running under Unix or Linux operating systems. The account gives access to a text-based command-line...

value that limits the file permissions for newly created files in many Unix and Unix-like file systems. A system call with the same name, umask(), provides...

Like sed and grep, it is a filter, and it is a standard feature of most Unix-like operating systems. The shell command that runs the AWK processor is...

In the Unix shells ksh, bash, fish and zsh, the disown builtin command is used to remove jobs from the job table, or to mark jobs so that a SIGHUP signal...

terminals in a standby condition. Its most common use today is to cause a Unix terminal driver to signal end of file and thus exit programs that are awaiting...

subsystem of UNIX System V is one of several standardized systems for printing on Unix, and is typical of commercial System V-based Unix versions such...

the-right-thing". Gabriel offers the examples of the adoption of C over Lisp, Unix over Lisp machines and VMS, and x86 over reduced instruction set computers...

Equipment Corporation for their OSF/1 version of the Unix operating system (later Digital UNIX/Tru64 UNIX). In June 2008, it was released as free software...

communication (as opposed to other mechanisms of IPC such as named pipes, Unix domain sockets or CORBA). On the other hand, it is less scalable, as for...

archiver utility and its associated file format. It is primarily installed on Unix-like computer operating systems. The software utility was originally intended...

operating system GNU (a recursive acronym meaning "GNU's not Unix!"), basing its design on that of Unix, a proprietary operating system. According to its manifesto...

database system Redis — in-memory database SQLite — embedded database engine Unix — originally rewritten in C at Bell Labs Vim GNOME, MATE and Xfce — desktop...

even though they may shift in UTC time. Unix-like systems, including Linux and macOS, keep system time in Unix time format, representing the number of...

(X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts...

engineer Patrick Brady, say that Android is not Linux in the traditional Unix-like Linux distribution sense; Android does not include the GNU C Library...

IBM mainframes. Later, IBM brought DB2 to other platforms, including OS/2, UNIX, and MS Windows servers, and then Linux (including Linux on IBM Z) and PDAs...

work by installing their own drivers to access the files in kernel mode. Unix-like operating systems (including Linux and Apple's macOS) do not normally...

is an alternative superuser account in Unix-like operating systems, particularly BSD and variants. In Unix, it is traditional to keep the root filesystem...

whitespace (including indentation) in the text. Here documents originate in the Unix shell, and are found in the Bourne shell since 1979, and most subsequent...

process viewer and process manager. It is designed as an alternative to the Unix program top. It shows a frequently updated list of the processes running...

an approach to interface design in Unix derivatives. While this turn of phrase does not as such figure as a Unix design principle or philosophy, it is...

management system initialized and developed by Carlo Strozzi that runs under Unix-like operating systems, or others with compatibility layers (e.g., Cygwin...

command is available in many Unix systems and Linux distributions, but unlike many other long-standing and commonly-used Unix utilities, it is not defined...

reputation of being needlessly obscure, hence the epithet "pointless style". Unix scripting uses the paradigm with pipes. Tacit programming can be illustrated...

extension ICL, and font files, having the extensions FON and FOT. In most Unix-like systems, most of the machine code that makes up the dynamic linker is...

adopted by the inode of a file in the Version 6 Unix file system, Version 7 Unix file system, and Unix File System (UFS) to list the addresses of a file's...

multiple operating systems, including NeXTSTEP, Windows NT, and various Unix-based systems. It has influenced the development of other GUI frameworks...

available in Microsoft Windows, ReactOS, HP MPE/iX, and in a number of Unix and Unix-like operating systems such as Apple macOS. In Microsoft Windows and...

restarting other services. UNIX has actually had a form of a restarter since the very beginning, and it exists on all versions of UNIX-derived systems:" "Managing...

Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities. It is also available in the OS-9 shell. The pr command has...

formats. RealPlayer is also available for other operating systems; Linux, Unix, Palm OS, Windows Mobile, and Symbian versions have been released. The program...

catchphrase rhyme, "grab a slab". Slab allocation is now widely used by many Unix and Unix-like operating systems including FreeBSD and Linux, both in the SLAB...

There are a number of Unix-like operating systems based on or descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) series of Unix variant options. The...

the album 4 .test, a reserved top-level domain Software testing test (Unix), a Unix command for evaluating conditional expressions TEST (x86 instruction)...

at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance...

the majority of Unix-like operating systems dominant on handheld devices do not use the X11 desktop environments used by other Unix-like operating systems...

ioctl system call first appeared in Version 7 of Unix under that name. It is supported by most Unix and Unix-like systems, including Linux and macOS, though...

common message queue implementations in UNIX. One is part of the SYS V API, the other one is part of POSIX. UNIX SYS V implements message passing by keeping...

flags collectively. The command originated in AT&T Unix version 1 and was exclusive to Unix and Unix-like operating systems until it was ported to other...

connection management, and event logging. The name systemd adheres to the Unix convention of naming daemons by appending the letter d, and also plays on...

supports Active Directory and Microsoft Windows NT domains. Samba runs on most Unix-like systems, such as Linux, Solaris, AIX and the BSD variants, including...

and the Single Unix Specification. It is a historical development from the terminal interfaces of BSD version 4 and Seventh Edition Unix. A multiplicity...

disdain for Unix. Said one team member who worked with Cutler: Unix is like Cutler's lifelong foe. It's like his Moriarty. He thinks Unix is a junk operating...

programming language and a compiler/interpreter for modest-sized programs on UNIX systems. The bs command can be invoked either for interactive programming...

entered the operating system (OS) business in 1980 with its own version of Unix, licensed from AT&T Corporation a year before, called Xenix, but it was MS-DOS...

divided into East Germany and West Germany at and after the start of the Unix epoch, which is the date from which the tz database wants to record correct...

SINIX is a discontinued variant of the Unix operating system from Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme. SINIX supersedes SIRM OS and Pyramid Technology's...

down in order to show more or less of the main display. Almost all Unix and Unix-like systems use either the X Window System or the Wayland protocol...

Extended Unix Code (EUC) is a multibyte character encoding system used primarily for Japanese, Korean, and simplified Chinese (characters). The most commonly...

formalized the concept of a regular language. They came into common use with Unix text-processing utilities. Different syntaxes for writing regular expressions...

Sizeof: sizeof x, sizeof(type-name) Cast: (type-name) cast-expression In the Unix shell (Bash/Bourne Shell), e.g., the following operators are unary: Pre and...

scientist. He worked at Bell Labs and contributed to the development of Unix alongside Unix creators Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. Kernighan's name became...

C++ Unix shell, a general command-line shell for Unix Bourne shell, a command-line shell for Unix Thompson shell, a command-line shell for Unix Sharp...

An inode (index node) is a data structure in a Unix-style file system that describes a file-system object such as a file or a directory. Each inode stores...

In Unix-like operating systems, a device file, device node, or special file is an interface to a device driver that appears in a file system as if it were...

composed of free and open-source software that runs on Linux, and other Unix-like operating systems such as BSD, and Illumos. MATE is named after the...

allocations to this size and reducing overall internal fragmentation of pages. Unix-like systems may use the system function sysconf(), as illustrated in the...

sync is a standard system call in the Unix operating system, which commits all data from the kernel filesystem buffers to non-volatile storage, i.e., data...

application software and computer games developed for Microsoft Windows to run on Unix-like operating systems. Wine is free and open-source software and is predominantly...

ISBN 978-0-471-05051-3. Peek, Jerry; Todino, Grace; Strang, John (2002). Learning the UNIX Operating System: A Concise Guide for the New User. O'Reilly. p. 130....

UNIX Review was an American magazine covering technical aspects of the UNIX operating system and C programming. Recognized for its in-depth technical...

around 30 flavors of Unix, including AT&T, NCR, SCO Xenix, SCO OpenServer, UnixWare, Microport Unix, DEC Ultrix, Pyramid Tech Unix, Tru64, IBM AIX, Motorola...

brk and sbrk are basic memory management system calls used in Unix and Unix-like operating systems to control the amount of memory allocated to the heap...

sha1sum is a computer program that calculates and verifies SHA-1 hashes. It is commonly used to verify the integrity of files. It (or a variant) is installed...

documented in the 1930s. It is sometimes called a hack, whack, escape (from C/UNIX), reverse slash, slosh, backslant, backwhack, bash, reverse slant, reverse...

named after software daemons, a class of long-running computer programs in Unix-like operating systems—which, through a play on words, takes the cartoon...

Foundation. The Open Group is the certifying body for the UNIX trademark, and publishes the Single UNIX Specification technical standard, which extends the...

macOS. Unix (/ˈjuːnɪks/; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose...

associated with Unix, its predecessor Multics had a pwd command (which was a short name of the print_wdir command) from which the Unix command originated...

been shut down after 16 years of uptime due to a failing hard disk. Most Unix-like systems including Linux, FreeBSD, Mac OS X, and SySVr4 have the uptime...

to identify the location of executables. The command is available in Unix and Unix-like systems, the AROS shell, for FreeDOS and for Microsoft Windows...

reporting the type of data contained in a file. It is commonly supported in Unix and Unix-like operating systems. As the command uses relatively quick-running...

iproute2 is a collection of userspace utilities for controlling and monitoring various aspects of networking in the Linux kernel, including routing, network...

Almquist shell (also known as A Shell, ash and sh) is a lightweight Unix shell originally written by Kenneth Almquist in the late 1980s. Initially a clone...

xargs (short for "extended arguments") is a command on Unix and most Unix-like operating systems used to build and execute commands from standard input...

variant due to R. S. Scowen), which was originally used to implement it in the Unix C library, although the C standard does not require it to implement quicksort...

folders, volumes and other file system objects may have attributes. In Unix and Unix-like systems, including POSIX-conforming systems, each file has a 'mode'...

Win32 applications into real-time systems. Formerly Willows Toolkit for UNIX and Willows RT for Embedded Systems from Willows Software. San Francisco...

interface) and network protocol statistics. It is available on Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems including macOS, Linux, Solaris and...

management unit (MMU) and real-time operating system (RTOS) support for both Unix-based user-application-oriented systems and ITRON–based hardware-control-oriented...

object code, and shared library computer files used on Unix systems. It was introduced in Unix System V, replaced the previously used a.out format, and...

multiple possible completions, some command-line interpreters, especially Unix shells, will list all possible completions beginning with those few characters...

malware that affect the Linux family of operating systems. Linux, Unix and other Unix-like computer operating systems are generally regarded as very well-protected...

logging. BDB runs on a wide variety of operating systems, including most Unix-like and Windows systems, and real-time operating systems. BDB was commercially...

as DIAB DS-90 and develop a series of Unix-compatible computers, using code licensed from AT&T Version 5 Unix release, but with a unique in-house kernel...

assembler instruction of the same name) is the name for a collection of Unix kernel routines or macros used to change the interrupt priority level. This...

portable Unix-like system that could be implemented on top of virtually any operating system, providing the capabilities and features of Unix in a non-proprietary...

talk is a Unix text chat program, originally allowing messaging only between the users logged on to one multi-user computer—but later extended to allow...

command-line execution. SSH was designed for Unix-like operating systems as a replacement for Telnet and unsecured remote Unix shell protocols, such as the Berkeley...

Facility (TPF) (IBM) UCLA Secure UNIX – an early secure UNIX OS based on security kernel UNIX/32V DOS/VSE Version 7 Unix 1980 86-DOS AOS/VS (Data General)...

developed for the Unix operating system, it can run on fifteen different platforms (eleven of which are architecture-specific versions of Unix, DOS, Win32,...

Unix and Unix-like platforms, that performs a topological sort on its input. It is part of the POSIX.1 standard. and has been since The Single UNIX Specification...

while working toward his doctorate. He built a multi-processor version of Unix for a 16-way computer system while at Carnegie Mellon University, before...

serial line or modem, remote access has extended to Unix-like systems and Microsoft Windows. On Unix-like systems, Secure Shell protocol (SSH) is usually...

contemporary desktop environment for UNIX workstations. KDE seeks to fill the need for an easy to use desktop for Unix workstations, similar to the desktop...

implementations were for the DEC PDP-7 and PDP-11 minicomputers using early Unix, and Honeywell GE 645 36-bit mainframes running the operating system GCOS...

Service Database-as-IPC Protected procedure call Stevens, Richard (1999). UNIX Network Programming. Interprocess Communications. Vol. 2 (Second ed.). Prentice...

Columbus UNIX, or CB UNIX, is a discontinued variant of the UNIX operating system used internally at Bell Labs for administrative databases and transaction...

various operating systems. The command is available in Unix (e.g. macOS, Solaris, AIX, HP-UX), Unix-like (e.g. FreeBSD, Linux), DOS, Digital Research FlexOS...

values found within the POSIX specification. Traditionally, the first page of Unix system manuals, named intro(2), lists all errno.h macros, but this is not...

RISC iX is a discontinued Unix operating system designed to run on a series of workstations based on the Acorn Archimedes microcomputer. Heavily based...

the closest equivalent to the Superuser on Unix-like systems. It has many of the privileges of a classic Unix superuser (such as being a trustee on every...

most of the interesting software work was being done on the emerging BSD Unix standard. In April 1983, the PDP-10-centered cultures that had nourished...

photovoltaic cell, the charge-coupled device (CCD), information theory, the Unix operating system, and the programming languages B, C, C++, S, SNOBOL, AWK...

and later, they are run in a separate session.[citation needed] On a Unix or Unix-like system, a background process or job can be further identified as...

command-line interface to the operating system when used in conjunction with a Unix shell, such as zsh (the default interactive shell since macOS Catalina)....

Language". Perl was developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone...

UniFLEX is a Unix-like operating system developed by Technical Systems Consultants (TSC) for the Motorola 6809 family which allowed multitasking and multiprocessing...

can be logged for later audit. A typical configuration is a hardened Unix (or Unix-like) machine configured with SSH and a local firewall. An administrator...

that used a string of nine digits to record the time as seconds since the Unix epoch had issues reporting times beyond the one-billionth second after the...

MVS versions, some system call macros generate Program Call (PC). On Unix, Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant operating systems, popular system calls...

can be run natively on Microsoft Windows, cross-hosted on Linux (or other Unix), or "cross-native" on MSYS2 or Cygwin. Mingw-w64 can generate 32-bit and...

In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, iconv (an abbreviation of internationalization conversion) is a command-line program and a standardized application...

Yellow Pages (YP) Sun Microsystems' implementation of a directory service for Unix network environments. It played a role similar to Hesiod. NetInfo: Developed...

a diamond simulant made from rock crystal, glass, or acrylic Paste (Unix), a Unix command line utility which is used to join files horizontally Paste...

building a sensor to measure the air turbulence inside a disk drive. For Unix/BSD derivatives there exists a USB based solution that utilizes an ARM Cortex...

(Liechtenstein) (Die Unabhängigen), a political party in Liechtenstein du (Unix), a Unix program to estimate file space Depleted uranium, primarily composed...

develops interoperability software products for Microsoft Windows and Linux/Unix platforms. Mainsoft was founded in 1993, mainly to propose integration products...

company that existed from 1998 to 2002 and developed and sold Linux- and Unix-based operating system products. Caldera Systems was created in August 1998...

archiver command, ta, which was perhaps the forerunner of the Unix command tar. As the Unix archive tools ar, tar, and cpio do not provide compression,...

system, GCC has been adopted as the standard compiler by many other modern Unix-like computer operating systems, including most Linux distributions. Most...

Linux. Linux gaming started largely as an extension of the already present Unix gaming scene, which dates back to that system's conception in 1969 with the...

resolution in order to make the address invalid after a few days. Computed as unix time⁄(60×60×24) mod 210, it can be stored as a two base32 characters, with...

root directory. The freedesktop.org media type for directories within many Unix-like systems – including but not limited to systems using GNOME, KDE Plasma...

systems group. It was one of the earliest vendors of microprocessor-based Unix systems. The company's first product, the C8000, was a Zilog Z80-based micro...

Open Group specification for network application programming present in UNIX System V operating systems. It provides OSI transport layer services with...

to detect many types of malware, including viruses. It was developed for Unix and has third party versions available for AIX, BSD, HP-UX, Linux, macOS...

for Unix named PM/X. Both CXI and PM/X were submitted to the Open Software Foundation for consideration as OSF's new user interface standard for Unix, which...

ptrace is a system call found in Unix and several Unix-like operating systems. By using ptrace (an abbreviation of "process trace") one process can control...

A general protection fault (GPF) in the x86 instruction set architectures (ISAs) is a fault (a type of interrupt) initiated by ISA-defined protection mechanisms...

shred is a command on Unix-like operating systems that can be used to securely delete files and devices so that it is extremely difficult to recover them...

is similar to ../../../file in Unix. But . and .., with just one or two periods, each work the same in both OS-9 and Unix. OS-9 has had a modular design...

Developer Core team, Developer team, Support staff Written in C OS family Linux (Unix-like) Working state Current Source model Open-source Latest release 20260402...

infrastructure, and UNIX (Single UNIX Specification) APIs and applications through UNIX System Services – The Open Group certifies z/OS as a compliant UNIX operating...

pre-establish both the HOTP parameters and the following TOTP parameters: T0, the Unix time from which to start counting time steps (default is 0), TX, an interval...

produced and maintained by PTC that provides a Unix-like environment for scripting, connectivity and porting Unix and Linux software to Microsoft Windows. It...

creating an open standard for an implementation of the operating system Unix. It was formed in 1988 and merged with X/Open in 1996, to become The Open...

January 24, 1980. The company was best known for their Unistar range of Unix workstations, and shut down again in 1985. After initial success building...

The PWB shell (also known as the Mashey shell) was a Unix shell. The PWB shell was a modified (and generally constrained to be upward-compatible) version...

Standard (iBCS) is a standardized application binary interface (ABI) for Unix operating systems on Intel-386-compatible computers, published by AT&T, Intel...

uNETix is an early implementation of UNIX for IBM PC systems. It was not a "true" UNIX, but was written from scratch for the PC without using any code...

contributions by Ken Arnold. Rogue was originally developed around 1980 for Unix-based minicomputer systems as a freely distributed executable. Commercial...

functional equivalent in the Macintosh operating system is called an alias. Unix-like systems have symbolic links which point to a target file, and often...

designed and implemented the C programming language, as well as co-designed the Unix operating system with which development of the language was closely intertwined...

The Run command on an operating system such as Microsoft Windows and Unix-like systems is used to directly open an application or document whose path is...

functions for password validation and storage on Unix systems. There is an unrelated crypt utility in Unix, which is often confused with the C library function...

Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) is a software interface for Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems that lets non-privileged users create their own...

of this technology available via its system APIs. Programs written with a Unix-like base in mind often do not make any assumptions. Whereas many Windows...

management tool for the MySQL database system PWB/UNIX or Programmer's Workbench, an early version of the Unix operating system Writer's Workbench, one of the...

user belongs to (faster for roles). Group (database) Group identifier (Unix) – Unix/POSIX system account group number; numeric value used to represent a...

which is Unix specific. To avoid generating code that includes unistd.h, %option nounistd should be used. Another issue is the call to isatty (a Unix library...

Nginx (pronounced "engine x" /ˌɛndʒɪnˈɛks/ EN-jin-EKS, stylized as NGINX or nginx) is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer...

created by an application, commonly referred to as a socket descriptor. In Unix-like operating systems, this descriptor is a type of file descriptor. It...

Havoc Pennington and others. Terminal emulators allow users to access a UNIX shell while remaining on their graphical desktop. GNOME Terminal (gnome-terminal...

Japan University NETwork (JUNET) was a computer network established by three universities, Tokyo University, Tokyo Institute of Technology and Keio University...

adapting swiftly to the burgeoning Unix open systems and personal computer revolutions. Desktop machines and Unix midrange computers emerged as cost-effective...

macOS, it includes components of the Mach microkernel and FreeBSD. It is a Unix-like operating system. Although some parts of iOS are open source under the...

from Unix format (Line feed) to DOS format (carriage return + Line feed) and vice versa. When invoked as unix2dos the program will convert a Unix text...

other Unix developers for the Blit windowing terminal running on v9 Unix; it was later ported to other systems. Sam follows a classical modular Unix aesthetic...

for that program is maintained. In multitasking operating systems such as Unix or Linux, new processes can be created by active processes. The process that...