This is the template test cases page for the sandbox of Template:Intmath. Purge this page to update the examples. If there are many examples of a complicated template, later ones may break due to limits in MediaWiki; see the HTML comment "NewPP limit report" in the rendered page. You can also use Special:ExpandTemplates to examine the results of template uses. You can test how this page looks in the different skins and parsers with these links: MinervaNeue mobile dark MonoBook Timeless Vector legacy (2010) Vector (2022) dark light Switch to new parser (Parsoid) Switch to legacy parser

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Note: the {{intmath/sandbox}} code is tweaked and/or optimized for use inside the {{math}} and {{bigmath}} templates.

In IE, except for int, all the integrals seem to render in the beautiful font 'Lucida Sans Unicode', but in Firefox we get this ugly font (it is passable for text style, but would be really ugly in display style)! In which [ugly] font do the integral symbols, other than int, render? Also, in which font does int render? — Tentacles^{Talk or ✉ mailto:Tentacles} 17:50, 22 March 2016 (UTC)

Compare vertical alignment and obliqueness of [rotated] int with other [italic] integral symbols:

∫
 ∯
 ∫

{{intmath/sandbox|int}}&#x200A;<!-- 1 hair space -->{{intmath/sandbox|oiint}}&#x200A;<!-- 1 hair space -->{{intmath/sandbox|int}}

Gamma function (non-italic int as default)

Sandbox: Γ(z) = ∫^∞
₀ e^−t t ^z − 1dt    (With the {{math}} template, the limits have a much better alignment with the integral symbol.)

Current: Γ(z) = ∫^∞
₀ e^−t t ^z − 1dt

Γ(''z'') = {{intmath||0|∞}} ''e''<sup>−''t''</sup>&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->''t''&#x200A;<!-- hair space --><sup>''z''&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->−&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->1</sup>''dt''

Gamma function

Sandbox: Γ(z) = ∫^∞
₀ e^−t t ^{z − 1}dt    (With the {{math}} template, the limits have a much better alignment with the integral symbol.)

Current: Γ(z) = ∫^∞
₀ e^−t t ^z − 1dt

Γ(''z'') = {{intmath|int|0|∞}} ''e''<sup>−''t''</sup>&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->''t''&#x200A;<!-- hair space --><sup>''z''&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->−&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->1</sup>''dt''

Line integral

Sandbox: ∲
_C F(x) ∙ dx = −∳
_C F(x) ∙ dx

Current: ∲
_C F(x) ∙ dx = −∳
_C F(x) ∙ dx

{{intmath|varointclockwise|''C''}} ''F''('''x''') ∙ ''d'''''x''' = −{{intmath|ointctrclockwise|''C''}} ''F''('''x''') ∙ ''d'''''x'''

Maxwell's equations

Sandbox:

Gauss's law ∯
_∂Ω E ∙ dS = ⁠1/ε₀⁠∭
_Ω ρ dV

Gauss's law for magnetism ∯
_∂Ω B ∙ dS = 0

Maxwell–Faraday equation ∮
_∂Σ E ∙ dℓ = −∬
_Σ ⁠∂B/∂t⁠ ∙ dS

Ampère's circuital law ∮
_∂Σ B ∙ dℓ = ∬
_Σ ( μ₀J + ⁠1/c²⁠⁠∂E/∂t⁠) ∙ dS

Current:

Gauss's law ∯
_∂Ω E ∙ dS = ⁠1/ε₀⁠∭
_Ω ρ dV

Gauss's law for magnetism ∯
_∂Ω B ∙ dS = 0

Maxwell–Faraday equation ∮
_∂Σ E ∙ dℓ = −∬
_Σ ⁠∂B/∂t⁠ ∙ dS

Ampère's circuital law ∮
_∂Σ B ∙ dℓ = ∬
_Σ ( μ₀J + ⁠1/c²⁠⁠∂E/∂t⁠) ∙ dS

{{intmath|oiint|∂Ω}} '''E''' ∙ ''d'''''S''' = {{sfrac|1|''ε''<sub>0</sub>}}{{intmath|iiint|Ω}} ''ρ'' ''dV''

{{intmath|oiint|∂Ω}} '''B''' ∙ ''d'''''S''' = 0

{{intmath|oint|∂Σ}} '''E''' ∙ ''d''<nowiki />'''''ℓ<!-- ℓ -->''''' = −{{intmath|iint|Σ}} {{sfrac|∂'''B'''|∂''t''}} ∙ ''d'''''S'''

{{intmath|oint|∂Σ}} '''B''' ∙ ''d''<nowiki />'''''ℓ<!-- ℓ -->''''' = {{intmath|iint|Σ}} {{big|(}} <!-- hair space -->''μ''<sub>0</sub>'''J''' + {{sfrac|1|''c''<sup>2</sup>}}{{sfrac|∂'''E'''|∂''t''}}{{big|)}} ∙ ''d'''''S'''

Compare vertical alignment and obliqueness of [rotated] int with other [italic] integral symbols:

∫
 ∯
 ∫

{{math| {{intmath/sandbox|int}}&#x200A;<!-- 1 hair space -->{{intmath/sandbox|oiint}}&#x200A;<!-- 1 hair space -->{{intmath/sandbox|int}} }}

Gamma function (non-italic int as default)

Sandbox: Γ(z) = ∫^∞
₀ e^−t t ^z − 1dt

Current: Γ(z) = ∫^∞
₀ e^−t t ^z − 1dt

{{math|Γ(''z'') {{=}} {{intmath||0|∞}} ''e''<sup>−''t''</sup>&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->''t''&#x200A;<!-- hair space --><sup>''z''&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->−&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->1</sup>''dt''}}

Gamma function

Sandbox: Γ(z) = ∫^∞
₀ e^−t t ^z − 1dt

Current: Γ(z) = ∫^∞
₀ e^−t t ^z − 1dt

{{math|Γ(''z'') {{=}} {{intmath|int|0|∞}} ''e''<sup>−''t''</sup>&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->''t''&#x200A;<!-- hair space --><sup>''z''&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->−&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->1</sup>''dt''}}

Line integral

Sandbox: ∲
_C F(x) ∙ dx = −∳
_C F(x) ∙ dx

Current: ∲
_C F(x) ∙ dx = −∳
_C F(x) ∙ dx

{{math|{{intmath|varointclockwise|''C''}} ''F''('''x''') ∙ ''d'''''x''' {{=}} −{{intmath|ointctrclockwise|''C''}} ''F''('''x''') ∙ ''d'''''x'''}}

Maxwell's equations

Sandbox:

Gauss's law ∯
_∂Ω E ∙ dS = ⁠1/ε₀⁠∭
_Ω ρ dV

Gauss's law for magnetism ∯
_∂Ω B ∙ dS = 0

Maxwell–Faraday equation ∮
_∂Σ E ∙ dℓ = −∬
_Σ ⁠∂B/∂t⁠ ∙ dS

Ampère's circuital law ∮
_∂Σ B ∙ dℓ = ∬
_Σ ( μ₀J + ⁠1/c²⁠⁠∂E/∂t⁠) ∙ dS

Current:

Gauss's law ∯
_∂Ω E ∙ dS = ⁠1/ε₀⁠∭
_Ω ρ dV

Gauss's law for magnetism ∯
_∂Ω B ∙ dS = 0

Maxwell–Faraday equation ∮
_∂Σ E ∙ dℓ = −∬
_Σ ⁠∂B/∂t⁠ ∙ dS

Ampère's circuital law ∮
_∂Σ B ∙ dℓ = ∬
_Σ ( μ₀J + ⁠1/c²⁠⁠∂E/∂t⁠) ∙ dS

{{math|{{intmath|oiint|∂Ω}} '''E''' ∙ ''d'''''S''' {{=}} {{sfrac|1|''ε''<sub>0</sub>}}{{intmath|iiint|Ω}} ''ρ'' ''dV''}}

{{math|{{intmath|oiint|∂Ω}} '''B''' ∙ ''d'''''S''' {{=}} 0}}

{{math|{{intmath|oint|∂Σ}} '''E''' ∙ ''d''<nowiki />'''''ℓ<!-- ℓ -->''''' {{=}} −{{intmath|iint|Σ}} {{sfrac|∂'''B'''|∂''t''}} ∙ ''d'''''S'''}}

{{math|{{intmath|oint|∂Σ}} '''B''' ∙ ''d''<nowiki />'''''ℓ<!-- ℓ -->''''' {{=}} {{intmath|iint|Σ}} {{big|(}} <!-- 1 hair space -->''μ''<sub>0</sub>'''J''' + {{sfrac|1|''c''<sup>2</sup>}}{{sfrac|∂'''E'''|∂''t''}}{{big|)}} ∙ ''d'''''S'''}}

Sandbox: Line spacing is undisturbed.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Gauss's Law: ε₀ ∯
_∂Ω E ∙ dS  = ∭
_Ω ρ dV. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Γ(z)  =  ∫^∞
₀ e^−t t ^z − 1dt. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Current: Messes up the line spacing.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Gauss's Law: ε₀ ∯
_∂Ω E ∙ dS  = ∭
_Ω ρ dV. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Γ(z)  =  ∫^∞
₀ e^−t t ^z − 1dt. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Compare vertical alignment and obliqueness of [rotated] int with other [italic] integral symbols:

∫
 ∯
 ∫

{{Bigmath| {{intmath/sandbox|int}}&#x200A;<!-- 1 hair space -->{{intmath/sandbox|oiint}}&#x200A;<!-- 1 hair space -->{{intmath/sandbox|int}} }}

Gamma function

LaTeX:

The Gamma function is defined as

${\displaystyle \Gamma (z)=\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{-t}t^{z-1}\,dt.}$

Sandbox:

The Gamma function is defined as

Γ(z) = ∫^∞
₀ e^−t t ^z − 1dt.

Current:

The Gamma function is defined as

Γ(z) = ∫^∞
₀ e^−t t ^z − 1dt.

{{Bigmath|Γ(''z'') {{=}} {{intmath|int|0|∞}} ''e''<sup>−''t''</sup>&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->''t''&#x200A;<!-- hair space --><sup>''z''&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->−&#x200A;<!-- hair space -->1</sup>''dt''.}}

Maxwell's equations

LaTeX:

Gauss's law:

${\displaystyle {\scriptstyle \partial \Omega }}$ ${\displaystyle \mathbf {E} \cdot d\mathbf {S} ={\frac {1}{\varepsilon _{0}}}\iiint _{\Omega }\rho \,dV}$

Gauss's law for magnetism:

${\displaystyle {\scriptstyle \partial \Omega }}$ ${\displaystyle \mathbf {B} \cdot d\mathbf {S} =0}$

Maxwell–Faraday equation:

${\displaystyle \oint _{\partial \Sigma }\mathbf {E} \cdot d{\boldsymbol {\ell }}=-\iint _{\Sigma }{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}\cdot d\mathbf {S} }$

Ampère's circuital law:

${\displaystyle \oint _{\partial \Sigma }\mathbf {B} \cdot d{\boldsymbol {\ell }}=\iint _{\Sigma }\left(\mu _{0}\mathbf {J} +{\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\frac {\partial \mathbf {E} }{\partial t}}\right)\cdot d\mathbf {S} }$

Sandbox:

Gauss's law:

∯
_∂Ω E ∙ dS = ⁠1/ε₀⁠∭
_Ω ρ dV

Gauss's law for magnetism:

∯
_∂Ω B ∙ dS = 0

Maxwell–Faraday equation:

∮
_∂Σ E ∙ dℓ = −∬
_Σ ⁠∂B/∂t⁠ ∙ dS

Ampère's circuital law:

∮
_∂Σ B ∙ dℓ = ∬
_Σ ( μ₀J + ⁠1/c²⁠⁠∂E/∂t⁠) ∙ dS

Current:

Gauss's law:

∯
_∂Ω E ∙ dS = ⁠1/ε₀⁠∭
_Ω ρ dV

Gauss's law for magnetism:

∯
_∂Ω B ∙ dS = 0

Maxwell–Faraday equation:

∮
_∂Σ E ∙ dℓ = −∬
_Σ ⁠∂B/∂t⁠ ∙ dS

Ampère's circuital law:

∮
_∂Σ B ∙ dℓ = ∬
_Σ ( μ₀J + ⁠1/c²⁠⁠∂E/∂t⁠) ∙ dS

Gauss's law: :{{Bigmath|{{intmath|oiint|∂Ω}} '''E''' ∙ ''d'''''S''' {{=}} {{sfrac|1|''ε''<sub>0</sub>}}{{intmath|iiint|Ω}} ''ρ'' ''dV''}}

Gauss's law for magnetism: :{{Bigmath|{{intmath|oiint|∂Ω}} '''B''' ∙ ''d'''''S''' {{=}} 0}}

Maxwell–Faraday equation: :{{Bigmath|{{intmath|oint|∂Σ}} '''E''' ∙ ''d''<nowiki />'''''ℓ<!-- ℓ -->''''' {{=}} −{{intmath|iint|Σ}} {{sfrac|∂'''B'''|∂''t''}} ∙ ''d'''''S'''}}

Ampère's circuital law: :{{Bigmath|{{intmath|oint|∂Σ}} '''B''' ∙ ''d''<nowiki />'''''ℓ<!-- ℓ -->''''' {{=}} {{intmath|iint|Σ}} {{big|(}} <!-- 1 hair space -->''μ''<sub>0</sub>'''J''' + {{sfrac|1|''c''<sup>2</sup>}}{{sfrac|∂'''E'''|∂''t''}}{{big|)}} ∙ ''d'''''S'''}}

LaTeX:

<math>H {{=}} \iiiint_{\rm 4\mbox{-}ball} dH</math> yields

${\displaystyle H{=}\iiiint _{\rm {4{\mbox{-}}ball}}dH}$

<math>H {{=}} \idotsint_{n{\rm \mbox{-}ball}} dH</math> yields

Failed to parse (unknown function "\idotsint"): {\displaystyle H {{=}} \idotsint_{n{\rm \mbox{-}ball}} dH}

<math>H {{=}} \int \cdots \int_{n{\rm \mbox{-}ball}} dH</math> yields

${\displaystyle H{=}\int \cdots \int _{n{\rm {{\mbox{-}}ball}}}dH}$

<math>H {{=}} \int \!\cdots\! \int_{n{\rm \mbox{-}ball}} dH</math> yields (the better spaced)

${\displaystyle H{=}\int \!\cdots \!\int _{n{\rm {{\mbox{-}}ball}}}dH}$

Sandbox:

{{math| H {{=}} {{intmath/sandbox|iiiint|4-ball}} ''dH'' }} yields the HTML text style H = ∫
_4-ball dH

{{math| H {{=}} {{intmath/sandbox|idotsint|''n''-ball}} ''dH'' }} yields the HTML text style H = ∫
_n-ball dH

{{bigmath| H {{=}} {{intmath/sandbox|iiiint|4-ball}} ''dH'' }} yields the HTML display style

H = ∫
_4-ball dH

{{bigmath| H {{=}} {{intmath/sandbox|idotsint|''n''-ball}} ''dH'' }} yields the HTML display style

H = ∫
_n-ball dH

LaTeX:

<math>\frac{ \int_0^\infty x^{2n} e^{-a x^2}\,dx }{ \int_0^\infty x^{2(n-1)} e^{-a x^2}\,dx } = \frac{2n-1}{2a}</math> yields

${\displaystyle {\frac {\int _{0}^{\infty }x^{2n}e^{-ax^{2}}\,dx}{\int _{0}^{\infty }x^{2(n-1)}e^{-ax^{2}}\,dx}}={\frac {2n-1}{2a}}}$

Sandbox (without the tiny [fourth parameter] option):

:{{bigmath|<!-- 
-->{{sfrac
   | {{intmath/sandbox|int|0|∞}} ''x''<sup>2''n''</sup> ''e''<sup>−''ax''<sup>2</sup></sup> ''dx''<!-- 
-->| {{intmath/sandbox|int|0|∞}} ''x''<sup>2(''n''−1)</sup>  ''e''<sup>−''ax''<sup>2</sup></sup> ''dx''<!-- 
-->}} {{=}} {{sfrac|2''n'' − 1|2''a''}} }}

yields ({{bigmath}} should have vertical-align: middle;)

⁠∫^∞
₀ x²ⁿ e^−ax2 dx/ ∫^∞
₀ x²⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾ e^−ax2 dx⁠ = ⁠2n − 1/2a⁠

Sandbox (with the tiny [fourth parameter] option):

:{{bigmath|<!-- 
-->{{sfrac
   | {{intmath/sandbox|int|0|∞|tiny}} ''x''<sup>2''n''</sup> ''e''<sup>−''ax''<sup>2</sup></sup> ''dx''<!-- 
-->| {{intmath/sandbox|int|0|∞|tiny}} ''x''<sup>2(''n''−1)</sup>  ''e''<sup>−''ax''<sup>2</sup></sup> ''dx''<!-- 
-->}} {{=}} {{sfrac|2''n'' − 1|2''a''}} }}

yields ({{bigmath}} should have vertical-align: middle;)

⁠∫^∞
₀ x²ⁿ e^−ax2 dx/ ∫^∞
₀ x²⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾ e^−ax2 dx⁠ = ⁠2n − 1/2a⁠

Current:

:{{bigmath|<!-- 
-->{{sfrac
   | {{intmath|int|0|∞}} ''x''<sup>2''n''</sup> ''e''<sup>−''ax''<sup>2</sup></sup> ''dx''<!-- 
-->| {{intmath|int|0|∞}} ''x''<sup>2(''n''−1)</sup>  ''e''<sup>−''ax''<sup>2</sup></sup> ''dx''<!-- 
-->}} {{=}} {{sfrac|2''n'' − 1|2''a''}} }}

yields

⁠∫^∞
₀ x²ⁿ e^−ax2 dx/ ∫^∞
₀ x²⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾ e^−ax2 dx⁠ = ⁠2n − 1/2a⁠

Sandbox (without the tiny [fourth parameter] option):

:{{bigmath|<!-- 
-->{{sfrac
   | {{intmath/sandbox|oiint|∂Ω}} '''E''' ∙ ''d'''''S'''<!-- 
-->| {{intmath/sandbox|iiint|Ω}} ''ρ'' ''dV''<!-- 
-->}} {{=}} {{sfrac|1|''ε''<sub>0</sub>}} }}

yields ({{bigmath}} should have vertical-align: middle;)

⁠∯
_∂Ω E ∙ dS/ ∭
_Ω ρ dV⁠ = ⁠1/ε₀⁠

Sandbox (with the tiny [fourth parameter] option):

:{{bigmath|<!-- 
-->{{sfrac
   | {{intmath/sandbox|oiint|∂Ω||tiny}} '''E''' ∙ ''d'''''S'''<!-- 
-->| {{intmath/sandbox|iiint|Ω||tiny}} ''ρ'' ''dV''<!-- 
-->}} {{=}} {{sfrac|1|''ε''<sub>0</sub>}} }}

yields ({{bigmath}} should have vertical-align: middle;)

⁠∯
_∂Ω E ∙ dS/ ∭
_Ω ρ dV⁠ = ⁠1/ε₀⁠