Synergini

Synergini
Saphonecrus connatus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Clade: Pancrustacea
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Cynipidae
Subfamily: Cynipinae
Tribe: Synergini
Genera
  • See text
Diversity
69 species[1]

Synergini is a tribe of gall wasps in the subfamily Cynipinae.[2][3]

Genera

The following genera are generally accepted within Synergini:[4]

All of these except Lithosaphonecrus and Rhoophilus are found in the eastern Palearctic realm.[4] Synergus has the greatest number of species in Synergini.[7]

A reworking of the entire Cynipidae family published in 2015 transferred three genera formerly included in Synergini to other tribes - Ceroptres to a tribe of its own (Ceroptresini), and Periclistus and Synophromorpha to Diastrophini.[8]

Gall use

Members of Synergini have lost the ability to create their own galls, and instead make use of galls left behind by other wasps. As a result, they are classified as inquilines.[9] Species in Synergini usually make use of galls made by wasps in tribe Cynipini.[7]

References

Wikispecies logo
Wikispecies has information related to Synergini.
  1. ^ Nastasi, Louis F; Buffington, Matthew L; Davis, Charles K; Deans, Andrew R (2024). "Key to the North American tribes and genera of herb, rose, bramble, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Cynipidaesensu lato)". ZooKeys (1196): 177–207. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1196..177N. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1196.118460. PMC 10985401. PMID 38566620.
  2. ^ Wachi N, Ide T, Abe Y (2011-05-01). "A New Inquiline Species of Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) Associated with Cecidomyiid Galls on Oak Trees in Japan". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 104 (3): 369–373. doi:10.1603/an10187. ISSN 0013-8746.
  3. ^ Fernandes GW, Santos JC (2014-06-26). Neotropical Insect Galls. Springer. p. 467. ISBN 978-94-017-8783-3.
  4. ^ a b Melika G, Choi JY, Pujade-Villar J, Pénzes Z, Fülöp D (2007-09-01). "A New Species of Inquiline Cynipid of the Genus Ufo Melika & Pujade-Villar, 2005 from Korea (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini)". Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 10 (3): 197–200. Bibcode:2007JAsPE..10..197M. doi:10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60353-2. ISSN 1226-8615.
  5. ^ Nieves-Aldrey JL, Medianero E (1 July 2010). "Agastoroxenia panamensis, a New Genus and Species of Inquiline Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) of the Neotropics". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 103 (4): 492–499. doi:10.1603/AN09148. S2CID 86613914.
  6. ^ Schwéger S, Melika G, Tang CT, Yang MM, Stone GN, Nicholls JA, et al. (December 2015). "New species of cynipid inquilines of the genus Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from the Eastern Palaearctic, with a re-appraisal of known species world-wide". Zootaxa. 4054: 1–84. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4054.1.1. PMID 26701460.
  7. ^ a b c Acs Z, Challis RJ, Bihari P, Blaxter M, Hayward A, Melika G, et al. (April 2010). "Phylogeny and DNA barcoding of inquiline oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Western Palaearctic" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 55 (1): 210–25. Bibcode:2010MolPE..55..210A. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.004. PMID 20004727.
  8. ^ Ronquist F, Nieves-Aldrey JL, Buffington ML, Liu Z, Liljeblad J, Nylander JA (2015-05-20). "Phylogeny, evolution and classification of gall wasps: the plot thickens". PLOS ONE. 10 (5) e0123301. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1023301R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123301. PMC 4439057. PMID 25993346.
  9. ^ Melika G, Ros-Farré P, Pénzes Z, Ács Z, Pujade-Villar J 2005. Ufo abei Melika et Pujade-Villar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) new genus and new species from Japan. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4), 313–327.
Stub icon

This Cynipoidea-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

Content Disclaimer

Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.

  1. The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
  2. There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
  3. It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
  4. Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
  5. Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.