DOSEN PROFIL LENGKAP

The surangular is a jaw bone found in most land vertebrates, except mammals. The surangular makes up the upper portion of the back half of the outside...

contains a single species, I. severnensis. It is known from two fragmentary surangular bones of the lower jaw, discovered in separate places in 2016 and 2020...

an infection in the right upper jaw and there are bite traces in the surangular of the left lower jaw. This may have been caused by a male T. rex during...

from the Aptian. It consists of a rear right lower jaw including the surangular, prearticular and articular. Further material referred to S. suwati includes...

surface. On its posterior end, it meet the surangular. It had a small hole near its posterior end, called surangular foramen or fenestra. Both bones were the...

Surangular of Ichthyotitan (A) and "Aust Colossus" (B)...

the braincase, while the lower jaw bones (dentary, splenial, angular, surangular, and articular) have been fused together into a unit called the mandible...

conglomeration of smaller bones (including the dentary, articular, angular, surangular and others). In the evolutionary line of mammals these jaw bones other...

combination of a kinked suture between the angular and the surangular, and the basal trait of the surangular reaching the rear jaw edge. The rather small foramen...

premaxillary bone, the right lacrimal bone, a partial right dentary, the right surangular bone, 14 presacral vertebrae, three caudal vertebrae, fragments of both...

the jaw articulation. It opens dorsally, and is laterally walled by the surangular and medially by the prearticular; as the latter is usually much lower...

articular bones like in more basal synapsids, but also the squamosal and surangular bones. A joint between the dentary and squamosal bones, as seen in modern...

a large portion of the surangular, rather than the surangular acting as the overlapping bone where they meet. The surangular internally bears a large...

(Russia). Fossils recovered include the holotype maxilla, a premaxilla, a surangular, and a few bones from the hand and foot. Additional remains referred to...

cranial and postcranial skeleton comprising premaxilla, maxilla, jugal, surangular, prearticular, articular, vertebrae, manual ungual, ischium, tibia, and...

containing foramina that perforate the body of the surangular, a low coronoid process on the surangular with a concave area located caudodorsally, and an...

bottom margin of the jaw below the surangular and behind the dentary. The prearticular is a thin bone bracing the surangular and angular from the inside of...

of paracraniokinesis in which the dentary bone articulates against the surangular bone, further jointing the lower jaw and hypothetically allowing this...

fenestra, the main opening in the outer side, is mainly located in the surangular. The described specimens of Yutyrannus contain direct evidence of feathers...

frontals and a loose articulation between the dentary and the angular/surangular. This cranial kinesis would have dampened forces on the bones of the skull...

found, which likely supported a rhamphotheca. Both angular and articular-surangular-coronoid (ASC) complex are comparatively smaller than the dentary. The...

which line a socket which connects to the surangular bone at the back of the lower jaw. Although the surangular bone is not preserved, several other bones...

the mandible, specifically the back of the surangular, angular and the entire articular bone. The surangular is described as being expanded towards the...

Eolambia E. caroljonesa Mussentuchit Member Predentaries, dentaries, surangulars, premaxillae, nasal, maxillae, jugals, postorbitals, quadrates, spuamosal...

premaxillae, a fragment of the maxilla, two dentary fragments, a partial surangular bone, a partial angular bone, a partial prearticular bone, an articular...

lower jaw), formed by the junction of the dentary with other jaw bones (surangular and angular). Postosuchus likely had very good long-distance sight, due...

located on the lingual side (closest to the tongue) between the angular and surangular. The splenial and coronoid are together known as the paradental elements...

to the species; these are the trunk osteoderms, ornamentation on the surangular and angular, and a longitudinal median groove ventrally placed on the...

horizontal trough below the suture with the lacrimal. The joint surface of the surangular is pierced by a foramen. Among the material found was an about four centimetres...

postorbital, one right premaxilla, a left and right maxilla, a right jugal, surangular, and quadrate, one predentary, a right and left dentary, and assorted...

laterosphenoid, the right palatine, the left dentary, the left splenial, the left surangular, the left prearticular, a dorsal rib, a caudal chevron, both pubic bones...

of the neck, as well as the relative lengths of the processes of the surangular. Heckert, A. B., and Lucas, S. G. (2000). Taphonomy, phylogeny, biostratigraphy...

both the reinforced postorbital bone and a large accommodation on its surangular, suggesting unusually well-developed mandibular adductor musculature....

wave, as it is too poorly preserved to determine. Both the angular and surangular bone contribute to the mandibular fenestra and form the back of the lower...

Giganotosaurus shared a thick horizontal ridge on the outside surface of the surangular bone of the lower jaw, underneath the articulation with the skull. The...

a clear line of separation between the dentary at the front, and the surangular and angular bones at the back. The premaxillary teeth of Nanotyrannus...

high. In the lower jaw, the surangular shows a bone shelf at its outer side, under the groove between the front surangular opening and the notch for the...

anterior and posterodorsal (top-rear) portions, the part of the left surangular, and part of the left angular. The dentary is around sixty-five percent...

asymmetrical and have multiple vertical ridges; there is a foramen in the surangular; and the quadrate bone has a more prominent depression for the articulation...

a D-shaped cross section. In the lower jaw, a prominent ridge on the surangular bone extends sideways from just below the jaw joint, except in the basal...

three bones make up the lower jaw: the dentary, the angular, and the surangular. The cranial surface of the skull is made up of the nasals, the antorbital...

to contact the surangular bone behind it; by contrast, the hind part of the dentary in Erlikosaurus gradually approached the surangular in a gentle arc...

Suprastapedial process of quadrate distally expanded. Dorsal edge of surangular thin lamina of bone rising anteriorly to posterior surface of coronoid...

prefrontal, separating lacrimal and nasal; a strongly convex dorsal margin of surangular and palatal teeth that are inserted into alveoli. Some of the synapomorphies...

surangular). It was connected to the top border of the dentary through an articular depression. The articular (bone located just below the surangular)...

lower jaw was deep, its rear upper surface consisting mainly of the large surangular bone, which articulated with the shallower angular bone below it. The...

mandibular fenestra. Both angular and surangular extend to the top of the coronoid process, and the surangular forms much of the jaw articulation. The...

fenestra was elliptical but not enlarged, the dentary was robust, the surangular was narrow and elongated, and the dentition is extremely well developed...

fragmentary right maxilla, a fragmentary right dentary, a fragmentary right surangular, lateral teeth, 11 middle-distal caudal vertebrae, both the left and right...

large element composed of the predentary, dentary, coronoid, angular and surangular. The predentary (frontmost bone) was very pointed and elongated, having...

remaining between angular and surangular. The dorsal end of the dentary extends posteriorly around part of the surangular; the outer surface of the dentary...

stronger bite force than its relatives. For example, there is a prominent surangular shelf on the lower jaw, indicating a strong adductor muscle for closing...

parietals, and the lower jaws are limited to their upper rear bones, the surangulars and articulars. A fifth specimen is MOR 456.1, a subadult. None of the...

the skull, including a left squamosal, nearly complete braincase, right surangular, and various fragments. Additionally, the specimen also includes the atlas...

inner surface of the jaw) reach as far back as the coronoid process. The surangular bone, which forms the upper rear part of the jaw, is narrow and plate-like...

vertically grooved; the same combination is shown by Piatnitzkysaurus. The surangular has no bony shelf, or even ridge, on its outer side. There is laterally...

of the element. This is unique for the Hadrosauridae as a whole. The surangular bone of the lower jaw has only a short ascending branch, not reaching...

and right mandibles are preserved and include the articular, angular, surangular and prearticular. The posterior surface is remodelled on the sides and...

foramen ran along the outer side of the dentary. The side surface of the surangular bone had a unique pyramidal process in front of the articulation with...

and the presence of a slender ribbed posterodorsal dentary process; the surangular bone has a forked anterior process for articulation with the posterodorsal...

beak) was well developed and consisted mainly of the angular bone. The surangular was the largest bone of the lower jaw, which is usual in theropods. The...

due to a small number of skull and jaw features, most notably a lower surangular at the upper rear portion of the lower jaw. The type species, Neopteroplax...

medial edge of the bone, the presence of teeth on the parasphenoid, and a surangular overlapping the posterodorsal tip of the dentary and excluding it from...

anterior end, and a fossa is present on the surangular of the lower jaw, in front of the rear surangular foramen. Two other traits are possible autapomorphies:...

continues to the rear into a high coronoid process. Between dentary, surangular and angular a rather tall triangular mandibular fenestra is present. The...

theropod similar to Giganotosaurus. By that time, an isolated tooth, a surangular, a caudal (tail) vertebra, a manual ungual, an incomplete pelvis, femora...

7) is based on a right maxilla, right jugal, right postorbital, right surangular, right quadrate, right laterosphenoid, left frontal, and both dentaries...

anterior tip of the rostrum to the posterior (rear) end of the damaged surangular, measures 70 cm (28 in) in length, and 41 cm (16 in) in height. Based...

squamosal, left jugal, right pterygoid, right nasal, both splenials, left surangular, prearticular and angular, odontoid(?), axis, cervical, dorsal and caudal...

bones. The sphenoid and basioccipital bones are fully fused, as are the surangular and prearticular bones. These skull characteristics are generally recognized...

medial C-shaped excavation. Deep longitudinal sulcus on medial face of surangular. Cervicals with reniform central articulations and prominent zygosphenes...

by the tooth-bearing dentary, the angular, prearticular, and the fused surangular and articular. The dentary is long, slender and straight edged along its...

front half of the lower jaw, up to the boundary between the dentary and surangular, with the back half of the lower jaw having been broken away before fossilisation...

of each mandibular ramus, were long and curved. Ostrom noted that the surangulars likely formed most of the lateral surface of the mandible at the level...

tubercles are present along the lateral shelf at the dorsal margin of the surangular.[citation needed] In 2024, Andrea Cau considered it likely that Banji...

and the lower jaws include the dentary, splenial, coronoid, angular, surangular, and prearticluar-articular (like other squamates, the prearticular is...

skull bones (maxilla, nasal, and postorbital), mandibular elements (surangulars), four cervical (neck) vertebrae, a partial posterior (rear) dorsal (trunk)...

longitudinal ridges Presence of a sharp ridge along ventral surface of angular Surangular with a longitudinal ridge on its dorsolateral surface Dorsal surface of...

of the mandibular fenestra is mainly bound by the angular, while the surangular forms its upper border. Bones at the rear of the lower jaw have proportions...

coronoid process is rugose, low and broad transversely, thickened by the surangular on the lingual side of the jaw, possibly signifying the attachment of...

just shy of actually participating in this region. The upper edge of the surangular is of the same height as the ridge that sits towards the back of the mandibular...

The frontal bone shows a vertical ridge touching the lacrimal bone. The surangular in the lower jaw has a T-shaped cross-section. The shinbone has a vertical...

quadrate bones, the predentary of the lower jaws, both dentaries, a right surangular, eleven neck vertebrae, eleven back vertebrae, twenty-nine tail vertebrae...

either remains cartilaginous or disappears. In snakes, the articular, surangular, and prearticular bones have fused to form the compound bone. The mandible...

posterodorsal process that extends into the lower jaw and overlapping the surangular. The angular and prearticular bones are long with the splenial almost...

palatines and quadrates, the left jugal, the right pterygoid, quadratojugal, surangular, articular, squamosal and lacrimal, and fragments of the dentary. There...

  Frontal   Jugal   Postorbital   Postfrontal   Pareital   Squamosal   Quadrate   Quadratojugal   Surangular / Articular   Prearticular   Angular   Dentary...

almost complete skull, complete with lower jaws. CIC/P/147 only lacks the surangular and quadrate bones. Tlatolophus's skull is relatively tall. Its premaxilla...

considered part of the palate. The only preserved portion of the jaw is a left surangular, although a large right pterygoid fragment was originally considered an...

mostly known from part of the dentary, with portions of the angular, surangular and splenial bones. The dentary is large and robust, with a rough, pitted...

pits. The articular facet is broad. The surangular articulates the articular. The lateral side of the surangular is ornamented in the form of long ridges...

side surface of the lower jaw had an oblique groove running from the surangular bone forwards and downwards to the lower margin of the dentary bone. Known...

probainognathids also had an incipient contact between the squamosal and surangular bones. The canine teeth were large and labio-lingually compressed, and...

pterygoid, nearly complete right dentary, the right splenial, the right surangular, and isolated teeth, as well as the following postcranial bones: a partial...

adult." Ichthyotitan I. severnensis Blue Anchor and Lilstock Two partial surangulars Possibly one of the largest marine reptiles Picrodon P. herveyi Wedmore...

the coronoid process of the dentary with the anterior foramen of the surangular featuring a wide, anteriorly developed fossa that becomes fusiform posterior...

coronoid abrupts over the surangular and makes contact with the posterior process of the dentary or ends with the surangular without contacting the dentary...

genus show two different forms of dentary-surangular sutures, either a v-shaped suture with the surangular cutting into the dentary from the side (type...

process of quadrate moderately large, distally pointed. Dorsal edge of surangular rounded and longitudinally horizontal...Twenty nine presacral vertebrae...

jaw) with a deep sulcus on the lateral surface; the dorsal margin of the surangular is slightly convex; and a longitudinal ridge along the posteroventral...

quadratojugal), a partial braincase, multiple mandible bones (dentary, surangular and angular), large amounts of teeth, cervical vertebrae, sacral vertebrae...

were also considered missing until 2015, when quadratojugal, quadrate, surangular, articular, and angular bones from the right side of the skull were rediscovered...

both maxillae, teeth, nasals, frontals, a parietal, and portions of the surangular and dentaries. Though originally considered to include one tooth from...

rostral bone, premaxilla, maxilla, jugal bone, quadratojugal, dentary, surangular, angular bone, the anterior section of the prefrontal bone, and the anterior...

process as seen in other taxa. The surangular enclosed two mandibular fenestrae. The hindmost part of the surangular had a small foramen placed in the...

When present in the skull, MB was always found in the pterygoid and/or surangular. When present in the caudal sacrum, it is also present in the pygostyle...

passed through. The rear part of the lower jaw externally is formed by the surangular and angular, with the latter overlapping the former and constituting the...

the lower jaw, the angular bone was very elongated and longer than the surangular bone, unlike in diplodocids. The teeth of Bajadasaurus pronuspinax had...

Left dentary and surangular bones...

by three foramina; splenial with a large notched dorsomedial process; surangular exposed medially ventral to the coronoid; dental formula: 19-20 maxillary...

Thanatotheristes T. degrootorum right maxilla, right jugal, right postorbital, right surangular, right quadrate, right laterosphenoid, left frontal, and both dentaries...

Venaticosuchus. The surangular is similar to that of Riojasuchus, with a pronounced blade-like crest on its outer surface and a large hole (a surangular foramen)...

second raise peaks with the 10th before more gently transitioning into the surangular bone. This wave-like toothrow is however less pronounced in D. carcharidens...

projection of the maxillary; recurved lacrimal; lower jaw with a prominent surangular foramen; irregular triangular projection on the quadrate shaft; pleurocoels...

back in the jaw. The rear of the jaw includes a low coronoid, a thin surangular, and an elongated angular which likely contains the jaw joint. The palatine...

anterolateral postorbital process Large participation of the quadratojugal and surangular to the jaw joint Chenanisuchus lateroculi has an estimated adult length...

grown or nearly so due to the complete fusion of the prearticular and surangular bones. Phylogenetic studies of early-diverging squamates have not yielded...

participate in forming the mandibular fenestra are the angular and the surangular. The angular bone forms the lower part of the posterior mandible, coming...

skull; the splenial and angular of the lower jaw, a natural mold of the surangular, two cervical vertebrae, cervical ribs, seven dorsals, ribs, gastralia...

but there may be a suture present where the dentary was joined to the surangular. A small groove is present on the lingual side of teeth 16-18. The right...

much smaller than in squamates. The back of the jaw is composed of the surangular (which is mostly exposed externally), the angular and prearticular (which...

elements present in the lower jaw of the Mesosuchus: dentary, splenial, surangular, angular, prearticular, and articular. Evident on SAM 5882, 6046, and...

jaw, extends almost to the level of the middle of the eye socket. The surangular also represents an important part of the mandible, and thins down to the...

within the marginal row of teeth. On the lower jaw, Ventastega had a surangular pit line, which is present in most Sarcopterygians but unknown in any...

surangular notch, angular clasping of the surangular process of the dentary, coronoid process less exposed laterally between coronoid and surangular,...

rises up in the rear half of the jaw, above the low but elongated surangular. The surangular lacks a retroarticular process behind the jaw joint, but it does...

parietals, braincase, ectopterygoids, epipterygoid, pterygoids, angulars, surangulars, prearticular, articular, atlas, postaxial cervical vertebrae, cervical...

quadrate large, bluntly terminated and with parallel sides. Dorsal edge of surangular rounded and longitudinally horizontal...Twenty-nine or less presacral...

autapomorphies (unique traits) include a jugal with a lateral flange, a surangular crest that is anteroventrally oriented, the presence of medial expansion...

mandible is incompletely known, preserving only part of the dentary, the surangular, angular, and articular. The cervical (neck) column of Abyssosaurus is...

full of wrinkles on the lateral dorsal side, for muscle attachment to surangular. The teeth that are recovered are all labiolingually compressed with denticles...

It consists of a partial skeleton with a lower jaw. In total, a right surangular, two cervical vertebrae, four back vertebrae, two sacral vertebrae, five...

Diamantinasaurus. Diamantinasaurus D. matildae A squamosal, quadrates, braincase, surangular, atlas intercentrum axis, cervical vertebrae, middle cervical neural arch...

braincase, a postorbital bone, a squamosal, a quadrate, a pterygoid, a surangular, and a nearly complete postcranial skeleton, which lacks the sternum,...

surangular is short in the jaw of Junggarsuchus and does not have significant contact with the angular. However, it is possible that the surangular has...

it being made up by the extensive splenial bone. In lateral view the surangular contributes more to the surface of the mandible than the angular. The...

maxilla, a piece of premaxilla, a left dentary piece, a piece of the right surangular, pieces of the hyoid apparatus, loose edges of alveolar ridge, sixty two...

the dentaries, the large surangulars form the top portion of the rear part of the lower jaw. The upper margin of each surangular bears two eminences, a...

mistaken for a supradentarium and the angular was misidentified as the surangular because in the fossil it had been displaced upwards, creating the false...

margins of the mandible diverge rather than run parallel to each other. The surangular extends into the space between the splenial and dentary, but like the...

The sides of the mandibular ramus of Baru is heavily sculpted. On the surangular bone, the edge of this sculpted area is bordered by a ridge that projects...

the underside of the fenestra and at the top the dentary-surangular suture and the surangular-angular suture both lie very close to one-another. The dentition...

(main palate bone), right ectopterygoid (smaller palate bone), both surangulars and angulars (back of lower jaw bones), prearticulars (rearmost lower...

total number of alveoli is unknown as they have been eroded away. The surangular, along with the posterior margin of the dentary, contributes to the tallest...

at the front of the maxilla would have received the dentary fang. The surangular and angular (a pair of untoothed bones in the rear part of the lower jaw)...

face, the lower jaw does not have a slender build. Dentary, angular, and surangular are visible on the outer surface, and also, the lower edge of the splenial...

in the shortest adult skull with mandibular fenestra; the top of the surangular laterally pointed, and with a small prearticular process; short atlas...

times its width; in the mandible, presence of postglenoid process of the surangular separated from the retroarticular process of the articular by the mandibular...

are as follows: The retroarticular process, composed of the articular, surangular, and angular, is present and well developed. This is suggested to be a...

supraoccipital is exposed, but it has a deeply concave posterior margin. The surangular, which is only exposed in the postorbital region, has no lateral ridge...

the jaw) from forming the lower border of the mandibular fenestra. The surangular, which forms the upper rear portion of the jaw (and the upper border of...

wing Irom angular contacts or nearly contacts coronoid. Dorsal. edge of surangular very thin Iamina of bone rising anteriorly to position high on posterior...

  Frontal   Jugal   Postorbital   Postfrontal   Pareital   Squamosal   Quadrate   Quadratojugal   Surangular / Articular   Prearticular   Angular   Dentary...

towards the front of the bone. Other than the dentary, the angular and surangular are the only other external elements of the jaw that are present in the...

called the septomaxillary foramen. Near the jaw joint, a hole in the surangular bone of the lower jaw that is positioned underneath the coronoid process...

foramina were developed on the lateral surfaces of the dentary tip. The surangular was the second large mandibular element and formed the upper border of...

outwardly-directed projections. The space between the pterygoids is large. The surangulars (upper rear lower jaw bones) bear deep depressions that are confluent...

towards the back of the bone. A distinct fossa on the top surface of the surangular bone separates Jianianhualong from other troodontids. The angular bone...

the lateral face of the mandible is formed by the surangular bone. The rear tip of the surangular forms a bony projection known as an arcadian process...

opening is present, the mandibular fenestra. The coronoid process of the surangular bone is low. The shoulder blade is considerably longer, 62%, than the...

end of basisphenoid, right coronoid, right angular, splenial and right surangular, a broken marginal tooth and several pterygoid teeth have been associated...

right postorbital, a left quadrate, a right pterygoid, a partial left surangular, a right articular, an isolated dentary tooth crown, and a partial dental...

contact between the dentary and the mandibular fenestra, and a shallow surangular bone. The analysis did resolve several taxa at the base of caenagnathidae...

paratype specimen, AR-1/31, consists of a partial jaw with dentary and surangular, an isolated angular, teeth, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, dorsosacral...

reduced, being almost closed in M. whitehunterensis, and the angular and surangular bones possess out-turned flanges, both of these are diagnostic for Mekosuchus...

including well-developed alveoli and a prominent coronoid process on the surangular. The teeth are spoon-shaped with heavily wrinkled enamel, displaying asymmetrical...

edge of the tall coronoid process, which attaches to jaw muscles. The surangular bone forms the upper part of the back of the jaw. The rear tip of the...

prong attached to jaw-opening muscles) and a weakly defined ridge on the surangular. The middle portion of the lower jaw is not known, so its overall shape...

pits, but its teeth are obscured and cannot be properly counted. The surangular possesses a folded ridge on its outer surface, and encompasses the front...

on the inner surface of the lower jaw; the absence of the surangular foramen on the surangular; the narrow teeth of the maxilla; the presence of three or...

In A. parvidens, the labial contact between the angular bone and the surangular, anterior to the glenoid fossa, bears a deep cavity which is not present...

preserved, and this lacks any distinctive features, such as teeth. The surangular fossa is present but extremely reduced, and the angular is well exposed...

hadrosauroid. Hadrosauroidea indet. Indeterminate Shine Us Khuduk "Isolated surangular". A hadrosauroid. Ovaloolithidae indet. Indeterminate Mogoyn Ulagiyn Khaets...

dentaries (the tooth-bearing part of the lower jaw), the fragmentary right surangular (a bone at the back of the lower jaw), fragmentary unidentified elements...

relatively low, judging by the narrow and slightly curved top edge of the surangular bone. While the teeth have been lost, they were initially described as...

ends in a nutrient foramen and would have presumably extended onto the surangular, though the bone is missing in the known fossil of Roxochampsa. While...

margin maintains its height along the angular in K. langenbergensis. The surangular bears a thin, forward-projecting process that, in K. langenbergensis,...

in the maxillae would be missing a facing tooth in the mandible. The surangular has a distinct coronoid process located posterior to the eye sockets....

teeth and maxilla is bulges; angular with a mid-dorsal process excluding surangular from posterodorsal border of external mandibular fenestra. Among these...

seen on the mandible's outer surface and extend as far forwards as the surangulars, another pair of bones in the same region. Aegirosaurus is estimated...

situated on the surangular in front of the jaw joint, the surangulars being long and reinforced rear mandibular bones. The surangulars are upcurved and...

Itasuchus. The remaining bones of the lower jaw's outer surface; the angular, surangular and articular; have not been described in detail by Kellner beyond contributing...

table. The dorsal edge of the orbits is raised and on the mandible the surangular features a prominent ridge on the lateral side of the bone. Of five premaxillary...

to Lufengosaurus, Yunnanosaurus, and Jingshanosaurus, the angular and surangular extend much further in front of the mandibular fenestra in Xingxiulong...

rows covered the widest part of Doswellia's back. The quadratojugal and surangular bones (on the cranium and lower jaw, respectively) were both incorporated...

primarily formed by the dentary in its front half, and the low, elongated surangular and angular in its rear half. The coronoid had a low peak and the tall...

postorbitofrontals, 2 quadrates, 3 dentaries, 3 splenials, 3 angulars, a coronoid, 2 surangulars, an articular, 91 isolated teeth, 20 cervical, 40 dorsal, 4 sacral, and...

slightly recurved, and largest towards the rear of the premaxilla. The surangular (a bone which forms the upper edge of the rear part of the mandible) had...

corresponding with the upper jaw. The splenial forks at the back, contacting the surangular and angular bones as well as the mandibular fenestra. The dentition of...

keels, a lateral dentary shelf, and the absence of vertical lamina on the surangular of the lower jaw. At the same time, it differs from Eodicynodon and all...

Toretocnemus, with most of the outer surface of the rear part taken up by the surangular. Both the splenials (a pair of inner mandibular bones) and the articulars...

contact between the dentary and the mandibular fenestra, and a shallow surangular bone. The analysis did resolve several taxa at the base of caenagnathidae...

from coming in contact with the foramen intermandibularis caudalis. The surangular sits above the angular, contributing to the posterior corner of the mandibular...