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In mathematics, a square-free element is an element r of a unique factorization domain R that is not divisible by a non-trivial square. This means that every s such that ${\displaystyle s^{2}\mid r}$ is a unit of R.

Square-free elements may be also characterized using their prime decomposition. The unique factorization property means that a non-zero non-unit r can be represented as a product of prime elements

${\displaystyle r=p_{1}p_{2}\cdots p_{n}}$

Then r is square-free if and only if the primes p_i are pairwise non-associated (i.e. that it doesn't have two of the same prime as factors, which would make it divisible by a square number).

Common examples of square-free elements include square-free integers and square-free polynomials.

• Prime number

• David Darling (2004) The Universal Book of Mathematics: From Abracadabra to Zeno's Paradoxes John Wiley & Sons
• Baker, R. C. "The square-free divisor problem." The Quarterly Journal of Mathematics 45.3 (1994): 269-277.