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conquest of Transoxiana. The Sogdian city-states, although never politically united, were centered on the city of Samarkand. Sogdian, an Eastern Iranian language...

Sogdian may refer to: anything pertaining to Sogdia / Sogdiana Sogdian language Sogdian alphabet Sogdian people Sogdian (Unicode block) Old Sogdian (Unicode...

contains Sogdian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Sogdian characters. The Sogdian language...

contains Sogdian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Sogdian characters. The Sogdian alphabet...

The Sogdian states refers to a number of independent or autonomous city-states in the Iranian region of Sogdia in late antiquity and the medieval period...

Sogdian art Sogdian art refers to art produced by the Sogdians, an Iranian people living mainly in ancient Sogdia, present-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan,...

Cophen 11 Sogdian Rock 10 Persian Gate 9 Uxians 8 Gaugamela 7 Alexandria 6 Gaza 5 Tyre 4 Issus 3 Miletus 2 Granicus 1 Pella     The Sogdian Rock or Rock...

Iranian people, such as Persians and Sogdians, have lived in China throughout various periods in history. The Parthian Iranian An Shigao introduced Hinayana...

through India and on land was handled by numerous intermediaries such as the Sogdians. Going as far as to call the whole thing a "myth" of modern academia, Ball...

romanized: Rawšanak) sometimes known as Roxanne, Roxanna and Roxane, was a Bactrian or Sogdian princess who married Alexander the Great after he invaded Persia and defeated...

Nana was an ancient Eastern Iranian goddess worshiped by Bactrians, Sogdians and Chorasmians, as well as by non-Iranian Yuezhi, including Kushans, as the...

Portions of the Bible were translated into the Sogdian language in the 9th and 10th centuries. All surviving manuscripts are incomplete Christian liturgical...

The Sogdian Whirl dance or Sogdian Whirl (胡旋, Húxuăn, "Whirling Barbarian", also 胡旋舞, Húxuănwǔ, "Dance of the Whirling Barbarian", sometimes rendered as...

article contains Sogdian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Sogdian characters. Samarkand...

the Turkic Runic script. Both stem from Sogdian models based on the Aramaic (and later Syriac) alphabet. Sogdian communities active along the Eurasian trade...

along with Sogdians settled in Turfan during the post Han dynasty era. The Chinese character dominated Turfan in the eyes of the Sogdians. Kuchean speakers...

Sogdian is a Unicode block containing characters used to write the Sogdian language from the 7th to 14th centuries CE. The following Unicode-related documents...

Old Sogdian is a Unicode block containing characters for a group of related, non-cursive Sogdian writing systems used to write historic Sogdian in the...

The Sogdian warriors were cavalry in Achaemenid army. The Sogdiana provided contingents of soldiers to the Achaemenid kings. And would later also be used...

Sogdian Daēnās, also known as Sogdian Deities (French: Deux divinités féminines; Chinese: 粟特神祇白畫) is a line drawing discovered by the French Orientalist...

The Tomb of Wirkak (Sogdian: wyrkʾk), in Chinese commonly referred to as Tomb of Master Shi (Chinese: 史君墓; pinyin: Shǐ Jūn Mù; Wade–Giles: Shih3-Chün1...

Weshparkar, or Veshparkar, was the Sogdian god of the Atmosphere and the Wind. He corresponds to the Avestan god Vayu. In Central Asia, Weshparkar has...

An Jia'), is a Northern Zhou period (557–581 CE) funeral monument to a Sogdian nobleman named "An Jia" in the Chinese epitaph. The tomb was excavated...

or sārtpāw in Sogdian, was an official Chinese title in the 5th-7th centuries CE, used for government-appointed leaders of the Sogdian immigrant-merchant...

in Sogdian known as the "Ancient Letters" in an abandoned watchtower near Dunhuang in 1907. A letter in the collection was written by the Sogdian Nanai-vandak...

numerous Middle Iranian languages (Manichaean Middle Persian, Parthian, Sogdian, Early New Persian, Bactrian) and Old Uyghur (a Turkic language). The term...

murals, also called the Paintings of the Ambassadors, is a rare example of Sogdian art. It was discovered in 1965 when the local authorities decided to construct...

period include Chinese, Sogdian, Mongolian, and Tibetan loanwords. Orkhon Turkic has a vocabulary that is less influenced by Sogdian and more heavily influenced...

Taspar Qaghan (Sogdian: t’asp’r γ’γ’n) or Tatpar Qaghan (Sogdian: t’tp’r x’γ’n, Rouran: Tadpar qaɣan; Old Turkic: 𐱃𐱃𐰯𐰺𐰴𐰍𐰣 Tatpar qaγan, 佗缽可汗/佗钵可汗...

empire together. Alexander married three times: Roxana, daughter of the Sogdian nobleman Oxyartes of Bactria, out of love; the Persian princesses Stateira...

written in Sogdian, known as the "Ancient Letters", in an abandoned watchtower near Dunhuang in 1907. One of them was written by a Sogdian woman named...

areas: the Yaghnobi language of northwestern Tajikistan (descended from Sogdian); and the Ossetic language of the Caucasus (descended from Scytho-Sarmatian...

the Sogdians was lost due to the war. Geographic names used by Muslims contained reminders of the Sogdians. The role of lingua franca that Sogdian originally...

Christian Sogdian woman also surnamed An was discovered and she was put in her tomb by her military officer son on 22 January, 815. This Sogdian woman's...

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Jafar Narshakhi (or Narshaki) (ca. 899–959), a Sogdian scholar from the village of Narshak in the Bukhara oasis is the first known...

kilometers to the northwest of Bukhara. Varakhsha was the capital of the Sogdian dynasty of the kings of Bukhara, the Bukhar Khudahs. It ultimately never...

the back). The Sogdian merchant An Jia with a Turkic Chieftain in his yurt. An Jia (right) brokering an alliance with Turks (left). Sogdian musicians on...

the Western Turkic Khaganate on the Eurasian steppe and dominated the Sogdians. He was the yabghu (vassal) of his brother Bumin Qaghan in 552 AD. Turkic...

Battle of Bukhara was a military engagement between the Umayyads and the Sogdian-Turkish alliance in 709. The battle ended in Umayyad victory and the conquest...

scholar who specializes in Central Asian history, particularly the study of Sogdian and Bactrian languages. He is also a member of the advisory council of...

either from a Khotanese word *Hitala meaning "Strong", from hypothetical Sogdian *Heβtalīt, plural of *Heβtalak, or from postulated Middle Persian *haft...

considered to be a direct descendant of Sogdian or closely related to it and has sometimes been called Neo-Sogdian in academic literature. There are some...

Sogdia; previously, Sogdians had exclusively used the surname of Kang (康). The addition was due to the existence of two Sogdian kingdoms, identified...

This is so even in East Turkestan; then the desired form would be in the Sogdian 'xs' yn' k (-әhšēnē) "blue, dark"; Khotan-Saka (Brahmi) āşşeiņa (-āşşena)...

of the Seleucid Empire Seleucus I Nicator and Sogdian noblewoman Apama I. Achaeus was of Greek and Sogdian descent. He had three siblings: one brother the...

"alliance with the Sogdians through adopting their religion was an important way of securing this objective." Both the Sogdians and the Uyghurs benefited...

The Siege of Jericho, in a Nestorian Christian plate made by Sogdian artists under Karluk dominion, in Semirechye. Cast silver of the 9th-10th century...

is possible that these Bactrians paved the way for the future Sogdian merchants. Sogdian immigrants reached Yizhou as early as the Shu Han period (221–263)...

The Sogdian-language Manichaean letter is a Sogdian letter written by Shahryâr Zâdag to Mu Wei (bishop, leader) of the Eastern Diocese, found in Xinjiang...

4th-century Sogdian woman, who has been abandoned and left destitute in Dunhuang, China, by her husband Nanai-dhat. Miwnay is known from Sogdian Ancient Letters...

a type of dance that originated in Central Asia, especially among the Sogdians and the region of Tashkent (石國, Shíguó). The dance was well known during...

Iranian (Sogdian or Parthian) cognate word. The Muslim armies that invaded Transoxiana early in the eighth century, conquering the Sogdian principalities...

Spitamenes (Old Persian Spitamana; Greek Σπιταμένης; 370 BC – 328 BC) was a Sogdian warlord and the leader of the uprising in Sogdiana and Bactria against...

forces, especially those in An Lushan's base area in Hebei, as well as Sogdian forces and other opportunist parties who took advantages of the chaos....

the Sogdian reflex of that vexatious middle consonant lead Sundermann to revise Schaeder’s interpretation and argue for a Parthian origin of Sogdian ž in...

compartments, in a long-lasting style. Sogdian art refers to the art, architecture, and art-forms produced by the Sogdians, an Iranian people who lived mostly...

these documents, a Sogdian version of the Ashem vohu was discovered in the 1970 and translated by Nicholas Sims-Williams. Sogdian 𐼺𐼴𐼶𐽁𐽂 𐼺𐼷𐽁𐽂𐼰𐼷...

the Persians expanding east to Afghanistan, and the Turks gaining the Sogdian merchant cities and their control of the Silk Road. Around 567–576, the...

goods, and ideas. Before the influence of Islam in the mid-8th century AD, Sogdian and Turkic culture was predominant. After Genghis Khan destroyed the city...

Ἀπάμα, romanized: Apáma), sometimes known as Apama I or Apame I, was a Sogdian noblewoman. The wife of the first ruler of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucus...

high. The front, right and left side of the stele has a Sogdian inscription written with Sogdian alphabet. The back side has a possibly Rouran inscription...

Khorezmian) is an extinct Eastern Iranian language closely related to Sogdian. The language was spoken in the area of Khwarezm (Chorasmia), centered...

Asceticon was read and translated by the Nestorians of Central Asia. A Sogdian fragment of the 4th discourse, translated from Syriac, was found in MC...

The Bukhar Khudahs or Bukhar Khudats (Sogdian: βuxārak Xwaday) were a local Sogdian dynasty, which ruled the city of Bukhara from an unknown date to the...

Ikhshid (Persian: اخشید; from Sogdian: xšyδ, əxšēδ) was the princely title of the Iranian rulers of Soghdia and the Ferghana Valley in Transoxiana during...

ISBN 978-84-125278-5-8. "Believers, Proselytizers, & Translators The Sogdians". sogdians.si.edu. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved...

They also had Sogdian elements such as a miniature stone house and a stone bedlike platform. Funeral beds tend to also depict a Sogdian swirl as well...

Sogdian alphabet is read. Sogdians of Dunhuang also commonly formed and joined lay associations among their local communities, convening at Sogdian-owned...

Bukhara. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, "Khatun [is] a title of Sogdian origin borne by the wives and female relatives of the Göktürks and subsequent...

Persian, Parthian, Old Turkic and Sogdian), about 1,000 Sogdian and Chinese/Sogdian fragments, and about 300 Sogdian fragments in the Nestorian script...

the Chinese hero Cao Cao), is a Chinese funerary couch belonging to a Sogdian merchant and official active in China in the 6th century CE. The tomb was...

Persians, the Sagartians, the Saka, the Sarmatians, the Scythians, the Sogdians, and likely the Cimmerians, among other Iranian-speaking peoples of West...

Syra's father Antiochus III the Great was a descendant of Queen Apama, the Sogdian Iranian wife of Seleucus I Nicator. It is generally believed that the Ptolemies...

which are mostly likely from the Persian, Sassanian Persian, Iranian Sogdian, and Turkic. Fanlingpao were popular fashion during Tang dynasty for both...

instead depicted as a Poseidon-like figure holding a staff and a fish. In Sogdian art he might have been depicted either as a horse or as a figure seated...

descendant of Sogdian and has often been called Neo-Sogdian in academic literature. The Yaghnobi are considered to be descendants of the Sogdian-speaking peoples...

manuscripts, Prakrit wooden tablets, and documents in Khotanese, Uyghur, Sogdian and Eastern Turkic is the result of his travels through central Asia during...

the First Khaganate's early official texts and coins were written in Sogdian. It was the first Turkic state to use the name Türk politically. The Old...

Northern Zhou (Northern Dynasties 439-589 CE) period funeral monument to a Sogdian nobleman and official in northern China named Kang Ye in his epitaph. The...

couch is a Northern Dynasties period (439-589 CE) funeral monument to a Sogdian nobleman and official in northern China. The tomb is now located in the...

cosmopolitan nature of the Penjikent society that was mainly composed of Sogdian and Turkic elites and likely other foreign merchant groups of heterogeneous...

(Unicode block) Old Permic (Unicode block) Old Persian (Unicode block) Old Sogdian (Unicode block) Old South Arabian (Unicode block) Old Turkic (Unicode block)...

formed the basis of the historical scripts of Central Asia, such as the Sogdian and Mongolian alphabets. The Old Turkic script is generally considered...

punishment meted out to Baykand shocked the region: the Sogdians patched up their quarrels and the Sogdian princes of Kish and Nasaf united behind the Wardan...

of government and high culture. By the fifth century BC, the Bactrian, Sogdian, and Tokharian states dominated the region. As East Asia began to develop...

[citation needed] In the early Islamic period, the people of Transoxania spoke Sogdian (an Iranian language) and were divided among several principalities. The...

Sogdian, an eastern Iranian language, became the lingua franca of the Silk Road in Central Asia leading to China, due to the proliferation of Sogdian...

common Persian given name derived from Avestan. Afshin was used by the Sogdians. Historically, it was the title of the rulers of Principality of Ushrusana...

eighth Uyghur ruler, Baoyi Qaghan (r. 808–821). Written in Old Uyghur, Sogdian, and Chinese, the inscription marks the Qaghan's military accomplishments...

reconstruction of the Great Kyz Kala. Cross-section of the Great Kyz Kala. A Sogdian fortress of similar characteristics, on the Anikova dish, c. 800 CE design...

alphabet, and shares similarities with the Phoenician, Hebrew, Arabic and Sogdian, the precursor and a direct ancestor of the traditional Mongolian scripts...

Conquest of Paykand was a military engagement between the Umayyads and the Sogdians who ruled Paikand. The Umayyads, led by Qutayba ibn Muslim, managed to...

later translations into languages including Greek, Arabic, Georgian, and Sogdian. Isaac's main influences include Evagrius Ponticus, Pseudo-Dionysius, John...

religious faiths of the Indo-European Sogdians, such as Manichaeism, Buddhism, and Christianity, but also looked to the Sogdians as "mentors" while gradually replacing...

Parthian Empire. In Sogdian Buddhism, Xwrmztʼ (Sogdian was written without a consistent representation of vowels) was the Sogdian derivation of the Avestan...

arriving during the Andronovo culture. Parts of country were part of the Sogdian and Bactrian civilisations, and was ruled by those including the Achaemenids...

Étienne de la (2005) [2002]. "Chapter Five: In China — The Sogdians in Sichuan and Tibet". Sogdian Traders: A History (PDF). Translated by Ward, James. Leiden:...

includes Parthian (Arsacid Pahlavi) and Middle Persian, while Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, Saka, and Old Ossetic (Scytho-Sarmatian) fall under the Eastern...

descendants of the Aramaic alphabet in particular via the Pahlavi and Sogdian alphabets, or possibly via Kharosthi used to write Sanskrit. It has also...

spelled Ferghana, Fergana, and Fargana) was a local Iranian dynasty of Sogdian origin, which ruled the Farghana region from an unknown date to 819. The...

romanization of the Chinese surname 石. It means "stone." It was one of the "Nine Sogdian Surnames." A 2013 study found it was the 63rd most common surname, shared...

Currently, two of the surviving peoples of Sogdiana who speak a dialect of the Sogdian language are the Yaghnobis and Shugnanis. Tajikistan was part of the Bactria-Margiana...

Christian Sogdian woman also surnamed An was discovered and she was put in her tomb by her military officer son on 22 January, 815. This Sogdian woman's...

home to the Yaghnobi people, a people directly descended from the ancient Sogdian civilization of Central Asia. Due to its natural isolation and limited...

led to the sacking of Chang'an by the Tibetan Empire. An Lushan was of Sogdian and Göktürk origin, at least by adoption. He rose to prominence as a general...

romanized: Muqan qaɣan, Chinese: 木杆可汗/木汗可汗; pinyin: Mùgān Kèhán/Mùhàn Kèhán, Sogdian: 𐼍𐼇𐼉𐼒𐼎 𐼉𐼒𐼄𐼒𐼎, romanized: mwx’n x’ɣ’n, Rouran: 𑀫𑀼𑀖𑀅𑀦 𑀕𑀅𑀖𑀅𑀦...

Akhshunwar (Sogdian: əxšōnδār, Middle Persian: Xašnawāz) was a ruling title used by the Hephthalite kings in the 5th and 6th-centuries. The title is of...

Arabs besieging Samarkand with a traction trebuchet (mangonel), Sogdian mural from Panjakent, 8th c....

belong to Sogdia proper, but its inhabitants wrote in Sogdian, and may have spoken the Sogdian language as well. The rulers of the principality were known...

communities to the north, northwest and east of India: Khotanese, Chinese, Sogdian and Tibetan. This translation work took place over the course of the 5th...

Mesopotamia Gaugamela Persia Persian Gate Persepolis Bactria Cyropolis Sogdian Rock Expedition into India Indian campaigns Cophen Aornos Hydaspes Mallian...

their princes. Khatun, or Khatan (Persian: خاتون) – a title of Iranian Sogdian origin – is roughly equal to a King's queen in Mongolic and Turkic languages...

Antíochos Sōtér; "Antiochus the Savior"; c. 324/3 – 2 June 261 BC) was a Greco-Sogdian king of the Seleucid Empire. Antiochus succeeded his father Seleucus I...

is a Unicode block containing characters historically used for writing Sogdian, Parthian, and the dialects of Fars. The block has five variation sequences...

into the root bum- and the suffix -in. The suffix -in often appears in Sogdian to indicate a nickname or patronymic. The root bum- can be compared to...

either East Iranian (Sogdian or Khotanese Saka) or Turkic. Although Richard N. Frye reports that the word "was probably foreign to Sogdian", Gerhard Doerfer...

family may have had distant Sogdian heritage. The surname "Mi" may have Sogdian origins, coinciding with a period when Sogdian merchants and settlers formed...

a Manichaean attribute: Lion Karluks ("Shi-Geluolu", "shi" stands for Sogdian "lion"). The "lion" (Turkish: arslan) Karluks persisted up to the time...

Islamic Republic of Iran in 1366) The story of Buddha's birth Sogdian culture (Sogdian-Persian-English) Discovery of the Pahlavi inscription in China...

Parmenion (331–329 BC). Book 4: This book begins with describing the long Sogdian campaign of 329–327 BC against Bessus, Spitamenes, and Oxyartes, and the...

(μαργαριτάρι), meaning pearl, which was borrowed from the Persians. (In Sogdian, it was marγārt. In modern Persian, the word has become مروارید, morvārīd...

as the Xiongnu, as well as the people from the Western regions such as Sogdians, the Sasanid Persian, the Turkic people (Tujue), Uyghur (Huihe or Huihu)...

Battle of Samarkand was a military engagement between the Umayyads and the Sogdian ruler of Samarkand. The battle ended in Umayyad victory and the conquest...

(Chinese:石马坪粟特墓) is a Sui dynasty (581–618 CE) funerary monument of an anonymous Sogdian nobleman and official in northern China. The tomb was discovered in the...

same as that of the Sogdian "Ancient Letters" found near Dunhuang, which were written in the early fourth century,3 and other Sogdian fragments of similar...

Mesopotamia Gaugamela Persia Persian Gate Persepolis Bactria Cyropolis Sogdian Rock Expedition into India Indian campaigns Cophen Aornos Hydaspes Mallian...

room arrangement Colour lacquered Tiaoshen (跳神) Mask of Tibetan ethnicity Sogdian on a camel, in Sancai style, Tang dynasty Da Ke ding, from late Western...

Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor UNESCO World Heritage Site. The settlement of Sogdian merchants sprang up along the Silk Road in the 5th or 6th century. The...

pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods. The princely title "Ikhshid" (from Sogdian: xšyδ, xšēδ "Ruler") is of Iranian origin; scholars have derived it variously...

Yazdegerd III. The Mikalids (9th–11th century) a family descended from the Sogdian ruler Divashtich, who was in turn a descendant of Bahram V. The Sasanians...

is also attested as Bactrian far(r)o, Khotanese pharra, Parthian farh, Sogdian f(a)rn, and Ossetic farnæ and farn, though in these languages the word...

behalf of the khagan. Sogdian territories under Western Turkic control were administered using Turkic titles alongside indigenous Sogdian administrative ranks...

Divashtich (also spelled Devashtich, Dewashtich, and Divasti), was a medieval Sogdian ruler in Transoxiana during the period of the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana...

17 January 2020. Korn, Agnes; Warnin, George (2017). "Armenian karmir, Sogdian karmīr 'red', Hebrew karmīl and the Armenian Scale Insect Dye in Antiquity"...

recorded Sogdian sale contract of a female slave from the period of the Gaochang kingdom under the rule of Qu clan and mentioned the Sogdian word "twrkstn"...

bhaga) meaning "lord" and "master". Peter Golden derives the word via Sogdian bġy from the same Iranian root. All Middle Iranian languages retain forms...

this tendency extends also to Sogdian" "It shares with Munǰī the change of *δ > l, but this tendency extends also to Sogdian. The Waṇ. dialect shares with...

High nosed Sogdians were slaughtered in Youzhou in 761. Youzhou had Linzhou, another "protected" prefecture attached to it, and Sogdians lived there...

one and had the Sogdian embassy sent to the Sassanid king, the latter had the members of the embassy poisoned to death. Maniah, a Sogdian diplomat, convinced...

the name of several Hellenistic cities in western Asia, after Apama, the Sogdian wife of Seleucus I Nicator, several of which are also former bishoprics...

texts and were produced mainly between the 5th to the 10th centuries. Sogdian literature, dating mainly from the 9th and 10th centuries in Sogdia, was...

some eastern Scythian dialects which gave rise to the ancestor(s) of the Sogdian and Yaghnobi languages, although data required to test this hypothesis...

official language of the eastern Manichean Church, later to be replaced by Sogdian in the sixth century. Furthermore, Mar Ammo is widely regarded as the composer...

and thus the ancestor of the Iranian languages such as Persian, Pashto, Sogdian, Zazaki, Ossetian, Mazandarani, Kurdish, Talysh and others. Its speakers...

6-7th century (Northern Zhou/Sui dynasty) funeral monument to an anonymous Sogdian nobleman and official in northern China (the epitaph has been lost). The...

and Jie. Some have linked Shi Le's surname, Shi (石), and Jie (羯) to a Sogdian statelet known as 石國 Shíguó (literally, "Stone Country", at Chach Zhěshí...

Qurban Wäli claimed words written in Kharosthi and Sogdian scripts as "Uyghur" rather than Sogdian words absorbed into Uyghur according to other linguists...

Trisagion (Qadishā Alāhā) was dedicated to a deceased Lady An (安氏太夫人) of Sogdian descent. The inscription tells about her ancestors who came from Bukhara...

wurrdā, from Assyrian wurtinnu, from Old Iranian *warda (cf. Avestan warda, Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr). Geography British historian John William Burgon famously...

taken from the Mongolian script (which in turn derives from Aramaic via Sogdian and then Uyghur). Although Manchu does not have the kind of grammatical...

Qurban Wäli claims ancient words, written in Sogdian or Kharosthi scripts, to be "Uyghur" instead of Sogdian words absorbed into Uyghur, as proposed by...

Company. pp. 151–154. ISBN 9789027284181. "Who Were the Sogdians, | The Sogdians". sogdians.si.edu. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021....

An 8th-century Tang dynasty Chinese clay figurine of a Sogdian man (an Eastern Iranian person) wearing a distinctive cap and face veil, possibly a camel...

important archaeological sites in the area. The park also protects relic Sogdian Ash groves, offering a glimpse of ancient vegetation. Parts of the Charyn...

formed the basis of many historical Central Asian scripts, such as the Sogdian, Uyghur and Mongolian alphabets. The Brahmi script, of which the entire...

Sogdian communities in China following the An Lushan Rebellion. The Sogdians were Sinified to some extent and were bilingual in Chinese and Sogdian,...

Ān Bèi (Chinese: 安備墓), is a 589 CE (Sui dynasty) funeral monument of a Sogdian man named "An Bei" in his Chinese epitaph. The tomb was looted in 2006-2007...

2006) was an archeologist who spent more than fifty years excavating the Sogdian ruins at Panjakent, Tajikistan. Boris Ilich Marshak was born in Luga, Leningrad...

Pali, Prakrit languages; Old Persian, Parthian, Old Azeri, Median, Elu, Sogdian, Saka, Avestan, Bactrian Indo-Aryan: Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu), Marathi...

nothing of China, or any other lands east of Bactria. The Siege of the Sogdian Rock, a fortress located north of Bactria in Sogdiana, occurred in 327...

Ethiopian, Church Slavonic. Omitted are translations into Arabic, Nubian, Sogdian, Old English, Old Low German, Old High German, Old French. Syria played...

Grivpanvar War elephants Paygan Immortals Pushtigban Sarmatians Daylamites Sogdian warriors Gond-i Shahanshah Darigan Stor Bezashk Navy Ranks Spahbed Aspbed...

the Iranian names of Sām, Narīmān, etc., that appear in the Persian and Sogdian versions of the Book of the Giants, did not figure in the original edition...

unearthed epitaph written in Sogdian, a "Sabao" official position existed during the Sui and Tang dynasties. These Sabao served Sogdian Zoroastrians, specializing...

Türgesh sub-tribe, Chebishi (車鼻施) (*çavïş, from Old Turkic 𐰲𐰉𐰾 *çabïş or Sogdian čapīş "chief"), belonged 8th century Türgesh chor and later khagan Suluk...

In Indo-Iranian languages Turks were recorded under various forms. In Sogdian *Türkit ~ Türküt, tr'wkt, trwkt, turkt > trwkc, trukč; Khotanese Saka Ttūrka/Ttrūka...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

indicating that the term Xiongnu was used for the people referred to in Sogdian and Sanskrit texts as the Xwn and Huṇa respectively, terms used for peoples...

Bactrians were recorded in Strabo's Geography: Now in early times the Sogdians and Bactrians did not differ much from the nomads in their modes of life...

Chinese) helped the Tang dynasty general Guo Ziyi militarily crush the Sogdian-Turk led An Lushan rebellion, with Yisi personally acting as a military...

originated in Western Asia and was then spread to the East through the Sogdians of Central Asia. In the Northern and Southern dynasties, the yuanlingpao...

(Yajnopavita). He is clad in tiger skin while his attendants are wearing Sogdian dress. A panel from Dandan Oilik shows Shiva in His Trimurti form with...

starting to be influenced by Dari, and were originally Khwarezmian and Sogdian-speaking areas during Samanid rule. Dari Persian spread around the Oxus...

风俗通义校注. Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 9787101073850. "The Nine Sogdian Surnames | the Sogdians". Behr, Wolfgang (19 January 2006), "Some Chǔ 楚 Words in Early...

of the river. Ancient Panjakent was a small but flourishing town of the Sogdians in pre-Islamic Central Asia. It was known as Panchekanth. The ethnic and...

Mlahso c. 100 BCE Aramaic Nabataean, Palmyrene, Mandaic, Parthian, Pahlavi, Sogdian, Avestan and Manichaean Hebrew yes yes right-left 22 consonants + 5 final...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

Húxuănwǔ, "barbarian whirling dance"), but known as "Sogdian Whirl dance" or simply "Sogdian whirl" to Western scholars. During the Sui and Tang dynasty...

Adzhina-tepe and Kafyr-kala. They are succeeded chronologically by the Sogdian art of Penjikent. The theme of the Balalyk-tepe is uniformly related to...

originated from the Central Asian province of Ushrusana and were of Iranian (Sogdian) descent and culturally Arabised. Muhammad ibn Abi'l-Saj Diwdad the son...

Unicode name OLD SOGDIAN LETTER AYIN OLD SOGDIAN LETTER ALTERNATE AYIN OLD SOGDIAN LETTER RESH-AYIN-DALETH SOGDIAN LETTER AYIN SOGDIAN LETTER RESH-AYIN...

"place of" or "country". The name "Turkmen" comes from Turk, plus the Sogdian suffix -men, meaning "almost Turk", in reference to their status outside...

predominantly by Iranian peoples, populated by Eastern Iranian-speaking Bactrians, Sogdians, Chorasmians, and the semi-nomadic Scythians and Dahae. As the result of...

(10E60–10E7F) Yezidi (10E80–10EBF) Arabic Extended-C (10EC0–10EFF) Old Sogdian (10F00–10F2F) Sogdian (10F30–10F6F) Old Uyghur (10F70–10FAF) Chorasmian (10FB0–10FDF)...

Persian Empire and Quintus Curtius Rufus states in his histories that the Sogdian governor Sisimithres sired two sons with his own mother. Babylonian Jewish...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

from an unattested form in an Old Iranian language: *Huxšaθra-) was a Sogdian or Bactrian nobleman and local ruler of Bactria. His daughter, Roxana,...

Bactrians, Sacae, Arians, Parthians, Caucasian Albanians, Chorasmians, Sogdians, Gandarans, Dadicae, Caspians, Sarangae, Pactyes, Utians, Mycians, Phoenicians...

Vorukh (Russian and Tajik: Ворух; Sogdian: Wārōx) is a jamoat in northern Tajikistan that forms part of the city of Isfara in Sughd Region. As of 2022[update]...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

the 6th-century Byzantine historian Menander Protector writes of how the Sogdians attempted to establish a direct trade of Chinese silk with the Byzantine...

Iranian, the Avestan theonym evolved (among other Middle Iranian forms) into Sogdian Miši, Middle Persian and Parthian Mihr, and Bactrian Miuro (/mihru/).[citation...

contacts. (The nearest known Indo-European languages were Tocharian and Sogdian, a middle Iranian language.) Some words have Austroasiatic cognates and...

instrumentation. IAU · 25747 25750 Miwnay 2000 BB4 Miwnay was the name of a Sogdian abandoned wife from Samarkand. JPL · 25750 25751 Mokshagundam 2000 BS6...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

spoke an Eastern Iranian language, and had a semi-nomadic way of life. The Sogdians may have been the same people as those of Kangju and closely related to...

The Göktürks gained the Tarim Basin and thus the Silk Road trade and the Sogdian merchants that managed it. Bumin died in 552, the same year he rebelled...

Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. II. pp. 7–9. Keramidas, Kimon. "Sogdian Ancient Letter II". NYU. Telling the Sogdian Story: A Freer/Sackler Digital Exhibition Project...

dynasty. The north-western Uyghur Khaganate learned of Manichaeism from Sogdian foreigners. After Khagan Bögü Qaghan (759–780) held a three-day discussion...

languages and shares features with the extinct Middle Iranian languages Sogdian and Khwarezmian (Eastern) and Parthian (Western), as well as sharing affinity...

sedentary Sogdians and the nomadic invaders. In it, the Sogdian hero, leader of his group, repels the attacks of the groups of nomads. For the Sogdians the...

present-day northern Afghanistan. His origins are disputed, with Iranian or Sogdian roots suggested. The Samanids themselves later claimed Saman was a 4th...

originated from the Central Asian province of Ushrusana and were of Iranian (Sogdian) heritage. The Samanid dynasty (Persian: سلسلهٔ سامانیان), also known as...

cities in Kazakhstan and in Transoxania, built and populated by the ancient Sogdians, Taraz celebrated its official 2,000th anniversary (recognized by UNESCO)...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

Qormusta Tengri (Cyrillic: Хурмаста, Хормуста-тенгри, Хан-Хурмаста; from the Sogdian Хурмазта/Khurmazta; also transliterated as Qormusata (Tngri), Khormusta...

invasion, when it was replaced by Turkic languages. It was closely related to Sogdian. Other than the astronomical terms used by the native Iranian Khwarezmian...

by Sogdians, Barenghi (2014) traces Shi Jingtang's origin to the Anqing Shi (安慶石). Anqing was one of the three Shatuo sub-tribes whom were of Sogdian origin...

article contains Sogdian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Sogdian characters. His...

the Persians and the Medes and also to the northwards Bactrians and the Sogdians. A detailed description of that region is to be found in Strabo's Geographica...

Khotanese, Avestan, Old Persian, Pahlavi, Manichean Middle Persian, Parthian, Sogdian, Khotanese, New Persian, Ossetic, Kurdish, Tokharian, Vedic, and Classical...

works contain references and glosses in Persian, Sogdian, and even Greek, but not Turkish. Sogdian has also been suggested as his native language and...

Chitral. As a historical crossroads, many traders, Buddhist missionaries, Sogdian merchants, and pilgrims passed through Shatial leaving behind graffiti...

Niri Qaghan (Chinese: 泥利可汗; pinyin: Nílì Kèhán; Sogdian: 𐼎𐼘𐼊 𐼉𐼒𐼄𐼒𐼎, romanized: nry x’ɣ’n, probably Rouran: nı̣rı̣ qaɣan) was a ruler of the Western...

including from eastern northern and northern Iranian languages such as Sogdian and especially Parthian. The transition to New Persian was already complete...

Altï Čub Soğdak "Six Prefectures' Sogdians". Meanwhile, Sergey Klyashtorny identified the Altï Čub Soğdak with the Sogdian-populated "Six Barbarian Prefectures"...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

Antiochia)―Margiana, capital city Summer/Autumn 328 Sogdian campaigns and attack of the Sogdian settlements in the Gissarskiy (or Hissar) Range (Pamiro-Alai...

ultimately destroyed the prosperity of the Tang. An Lushan was a half-Sogdian, half-Turkic Tang commander since 744, who had experience fighting the...

which means "four clusters/towns" - from Persian chahār, "four", and Sogdian kand, "town". The area of the district is 1,357 square kilometres (524 sq mi)...

Gabae was the ancient name of: Isfahan, city of Iran Koktepe, Sogdian fortress Tel Shush, city in Galilee This disambiguation page lists articles associated...

itself borrowed from Old Persian wrd- (wurdi), related to Avestan varəδa, Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr. The leaves are borne alternately on the stem. In most...

is also famous for its production of woven flat carpets. Originally the Sogdian city of Nakhshab (which could be possibly named Eucratideia during the...

the Oghuz Turks, although the veracity is unlikely, others have given a Sogdian origin, or a Hephthalite princely background. Al-Farghani identifies the...

located in modern Tajikistan and Uzbekistan along with an 8th-century Sogdian painted mural with a she-wolf, head turned back and down, suckling two...

Grivpanvar War elephants Paygan Immortals Pushtigban Sarmatians Daylamites Sogdian warriors Gond-i Shahanshah Darigan Stor Bezashk Navy Ranks Spahbed Aspbed...

八剌沙衮; traditional Chinese: 八剌沙袞; pinyin: Bā là shā gǔn) was an ancient Sogdian city in modern-day Kyrgyzstan, located in the Chüy Valley between Bishkek...

following its introduction into Sogdiana, would be spread in part by Sogdians eastward into the Tarim Basin and China. Manichaeism continues to be practiced...

ISBN 978-8412527858. "Believers, Proselytizers, & Translators The Sogdians". sogdians.si.edu. GULÁCSI, ZSUZSANNA (2010). "The Prophet's Seal: A Contextualized...

Abu'l-Sāj Dēvdād (Arabic: أبو الساج ديوداد, Abū al-Sāj Dīwdād; died 879) was a Sogdian prince, who was of the most prominent emirs, commanders and officials of...

of stick figures and gladiators in Pompeii, and obscene drawings in the Sogdian documents from Dunhuang (9th–10th century). A young student named Onfim...

Mesopotamia Gaugamela Persia Persian Gate Persepolis Bactria Cyropolis Sogdian Rock Expedition into India Indian campaigns Cophen Aornos Hydaspes Mallian...

to be characteristic of 8th century Sogdian designs. It is quite similar to the Great Kyz Kala in Merv. Sogdian fortress in the Anikova dish, c. 800...

to marry native women in Asia, leading by example when he wed Roxana, a Sogdian princess of Bactria. He then married Stateira II, eldest daughter of Darius III...

10). It means ''''flowing' or 'streaming'.''' The word belongs to the Sogdian dialect that had emerged from the Saka language group. When the Macedonian...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

burial sites in modern Perm Krai are the richest source of Sasanian and Sogdian silverware from Iran. Further north, the Bjarmians traded with the Sami...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

wide, with slender painting illustrations drawn on both sides, written in Sogdian in Manuscript, Turkic and Middle Persian text. The front illustration of...

Letters", a letter written by a Sogdian merchant named Nanai-vandak, who claimed that all of the diasporic Sogdians and Indians in the city had died...

only combined multi-cultural building and decorative traditions, such as Sogdian, Sassanian, Persian and even classical and Byzantine architecture, but...

akinakes (Greek ἀκῑνάκης) or akinaka (unattested Old Persian *akīnakah, Sogdian kynʼk) is a type of dagger or xiphos (short sword) used mainly in the first...

with Eastern Middle Iranian languages such as Bactrian, Khwarezmian and Sogdian. Comparison with other Eastern Iranian Languages and Old Avestan: Strabo...

appearing in written form in Parthian kwdy, in Middle Persian kwdy, and in Sogdian kwdy. It is the Middle Persian reflex of older Iranian forms such as Avestan...

Origins and Application,"Encyclopædia Iranica, Excerpt 1: "An intriguing Sogdian occurrence of the adjective tājīgāne (arguably to be pronounced as tāžīgāne)...

article contains Sogdian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Sogdian characters. Amrak...

Muzaffar ibn Kaydar (Arabic: مظفر بن كيدر) was a ninth-century governor of Egypt for the Abbasid Caliphate. Muzaffar was initially appointed to head the...

long as the pole." Coptic textiles Sampul tapestry Sichuan embroidery Sogdian textiles Oxford English Dictionary Online "samite" (subscription required)...

Hun that, "their state or confederation must be seen as the result of Sogdian/Baktrian [Iranian-speaking] leadership and organization". Subjects of the...

literally meaning prince. The word originates from Iranian *xšāna- (cf. Sogdian axšāwan, "king"). The title ishkhan was used both in parallel and in substitute...

Sogdian Daēnās, a 10th-century line drawing from the Mogao Caves. The deity on the left is probably a depiction of Daēnā....

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

Hellenistic Age and Antiochus II may have minted coins in the name of his half-Sogdian father in order to legitimize both himself and his dynasty. An uncertain...

as his courtesy name, who was a Central Asian, probably of Persian or Sogdian origin, and practiced Zoroastrianism. He had settled in Early Middle Period...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

Étienne de la Vaissière, "Baghshūr" (lit. 'pond of salt water') may be the Sogdian name for the region of Chengdu. This toponym is attested near Merv, but...

languages represented in the manuscripts include Khotanese, Kuchean, Sanskrit, Sogdian, Old Uyghur, Prakrit, Hebrew, and Old Turkic. The removal of the manuscripts...

Ibn Zayyad attacked Bukhara, the capital of Sogdia, which ended with the Sogdians agreeing to recognize the Umayadd caliph Mu'awiaya as their overlord and...

Manichean priests writing at their desks, with panel inscription in Sogdian. Manuscript from Qocho, Tarim Basin....

languages at a relatively early date: Armenian, Georgian, Ethiopic, Persian, Sogdian, and eventually Gothic, Old Church Slavonic, Arabic, and Nubian. The 16th...

territories of Afrasiyab began in the 7th–6th century BC, as the centre of the Sogdian culture. The term Qal’a-ye Afrasiab ('Castle of Afrasiab') appeared in...

Banu Ilyas (Persian: بنو الیاس) or Ilyasids were an Iranian dynasty of Sogdian origin which ruled the province of Kerman from 932 until 968 CE. The capital...

the Metaphrast (died c. 1000) alluded to it. It was also translated into Sogdian. In the 13th century, the poet Chardri composed an Old French version....

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

Bactrian, sharing features with Munji but it also shares features with the Sogdian language, as well as Khwarezmian, Shughni, Sanglechi, and Khotanese Saka...

was known to the Greeks as Cyropolis, named after Cyrus the Great. The Sogdian Rock or Rock of Ariamazes, a fortress in Sogdiana, was captured in 327...

North-Eastern: Ossetic; Yaghnobi (which derives from a dialect closely related to Sogdian); the Shughni group (Shughni, Roshani, Khufi, Bartangi, Roshorvi, Sarikoli)...

Apostolic Church) Old Georgian (language of Georgia, 5th to 11th centuries) Sogdian (lingua franca of Central Asia, 6th to 8th centuries) Classical Arabic...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

circle of ancient Egyptian kings. Inside the frame is a Uighur written in Sogdian alphabet: "Portrait of Princess Busuš". Below the frame is a portrait of...

(2000-12-21), "Inscriptional Alphabets (Middle Persian, Parthian) and Sogdian vs. Aramaic", Iranianist Meeting Report: Symposium on Encoding Iranian...

Szemerényi, Oswald (1980). Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka (PDF). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften....

List of recipients Year Recipient Institution 2010 Vladimir A. Livshits Sogdian epigraphy of Central Asia and Semireche 2012 M. Rahim Shayegan University...

Felt and Sogdian Silver: Foreign Gifts to Buddhist Monasteries in Ninth and Tenth-Century Dunhuang". Asia Major. 1: 15–34. 2005. "Sogdians around the...

Shahrisabz is a district-level city in Qashqadaryo Region in southern Uzbekistan. The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) selected Shakhrisabz as its...

predominantly of Macedonian Greek ancestry and may have had minor Iranian descent (Sogdian and Persian). Others, including some scholars and laymen, have speculated...

1346 and 1353. Originally a caravan rest stop, possibly founded by the Sogdians, on one of the branches of the Silk Road through the Tian Shan range, the...

tribal name but rather the surname of the chief of the 思结 Sijie tribe (Sogdian: Sikari) of the Toquz Oğuz (Ch. 九姓 jĭu xìng), and that in Middle Chinese...

21 Arabic  1 SMP U+10F00..U+10F2F Old Sogdian 48 40 Old Sogdian  1 SMP U+10F30..U+10F6F Sogdian 64 42 Sogdian  1 SMP U+10F70..U+10FAF Old Uyghur 64 26...

Lushan Rebellion in 756. In 752 CE, an embassy from the Afshin, which was a Sogdian title used for the ruler of Principality of Ushrusana, arrived at the Tang...

the 4th–5th century CE. Dressed in luxurious clothes, he may have been a Sogdian or an elite member of the Shanshan Kingdom. According to Ed Wong's New...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

excavations in the historically Sogdian cities of Afrasiab (old Samarkand) and Pendjikent a large number of Sogdian coins were uncovered, the Soviet...

descent, through the Kumo Xi tribe and/or of Sogdian descent, as the surname Mi (米) is considered a Sogdian surname. In addition to being a scholar and...

Sogdia, Persia and other Central Asian countries immigrated to Sichuan. A Sogdian temple is attested in Chengdu. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

Sogdian Daenas (10th century), associated with the Zoroastrian cult in Sogdia. The figure on the left is considered to be Daena, while the one on the...

languages (which usually have sp or a product thereof). Similarities with Sogdian exist but could be due to parallel developments or areal features. The...

("male panther"). The word pard is probably of Iranian origin; akin to Sogdian purdhank and Persian پلنگ palang. The pard is mentioned in Shakespeare's...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

Heroic fights and dying heroes. The Orlat battle plaque and the roots of Sogdian art. Ēran ud Anērān. Studies Presented to Boris Il’ič Maršak on the Occasion...

(1995). Sogdian Dictionary, Sogdian-Persian-English. Tehran, Iran: Farhangan Publications. p. 376. ISBN 964-5558-06-9. Gharib, B. (1995). Sogdian Dictionary...

Dabusiyya was a medieval town in the region of Sogdia in Transoxiana. It is notable for being the location where the Samanid pretender Isma'il Muntasir...

For instance, Alexander took as his wife a Sogdian woman of Bactria, Roxana, after the siege of the Sogdian Rock, in order to placate the rebelling populace...

achievements in siegecraft took place in the siege of Tyre and the siege of the Sogdian Rock. His engineers built a causeway that was originally 60 m (200 ft)...

Grivpanvar War elephants Paygan Immortals Pushtigban Sarmatians Daylamites Sogdian warriors Gond-i Shahanshah Darigan Stor Bezashk Navy Ranks Spahbed Aspbed...

Bashkardi dialect, and the decipherment of Bactrian, besides contributions to Sogdian and Avestan philology, Ossetic, Elamite and Zoroastrian studies and Achaemenid...

- Archaeology Magazine". www.archaeology.org. "It is possible that the Sogdian aristocratic culture of that time preserved some memory of the glorious...

languages Proto-Canaanite and Proto-Sinaitic – Bronze Age Canaanites. Sogdian –Sogdian language Samaritan (Old Hebrew) – Aramaic, Arabic, and Hebrew Syriac –...

relationship). To Seleucus he gave Apama, the daughter of Spitamenes the Sogdian warlord, and likewise to the other Companions the daughters of the most...

meaning "growing well". János Harmatta suggested a possible relation to the Sogdian čp'yš, meaning "leader". Tavernier, however, does not think either proposal...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

ISBN 90-04-04492-2. Retrieved 2010-06-28. "Anyang Funerary Bed The Sogdians". sogdians.si.edu. Tackett, Nicholas (2008). "The Great Wall and Conceptualizations...

that Buddhist Sogdians incorporated some of their own Iranian deities into their version of the Buddhist Pantheon. At Zhetysu, Sogdian gilded bronze plaques...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

ethnography. At this time, Iranian peoples such as Scythians, Sarmatians, Sogdians and Bactrians among others, along with Armenians and Eastern and Central...

The Sharik ibn Shaikh's Rebellion was an 8th-century uprising in Bukhara against the newly established Abbasid Caliphate. Occurring in 750, shortly after...

translations into Slovak Slovene: Bible translations into Slovene Sogdian: Bible translations into Sogdian Sorbian: Bible translations into Sorbian Sotho: Bible translations...

especially Coptic from 4th century Egypt and, to a lesser extent, Parthian, Sogdian, Middle Persian, and Uighur, from Karakhoja in the 8th to 11th centuries...

Tūrgār, also Thurgar (Sogdian: twrγ'r, Chinese: 咄曷 Duō-hé) was a medieval Sogdian ruler (an Ikhshid) in Transoxiana and successor to his father Ghurak...

the Middle Ages, Central Asia was the economic center of the world. The Sogdians dominated the east–west trade-route known as the Silk Road from after the...

Khushikat, Kumarg, Zasun and Zindakon. Ayni is an ancient town of the Sogdian civilization and later became an Islamic town; a minaret known as the Varz-i...

Syriac original. Fragments of a Syriac version and 350 fragments of a Sogdian translation have been found in the East Syriac monastic complex of Bulayïq...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

modern northern Pakistan and Afghanistan. Around 72 regional Indian and Sogdian kingdoms became Tang vassals, ending the Tibetan dominion of the Pamir...

Fazang (Chinese: 法藏; pinyin: Fǎzàng; Wade–Giles: Fa-tsang; 643–712) was a Sogdian-Chinese Buddhist scholar, translator, and religious leader of the Tang...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

left to right: Makan, Persian, Median, Elamite, Parthian, Arian Bactrian, Sogdian, Choresmian, Zarangian, Arachosian, Sattagydian, Gandharan, Hindush, Saka...

in Manichaean Parthian, in Middle Persian 𐭲𐭩𐭮𐭯𐭥𐭭 and in Christian Sogdian (in Syriac alphabet) languages. The New Persian form is Tisfun (تیسفون)...

of Sarazm and Ancient Panjakent. These pieces share the history of the Sogdian civilization, the ancestors of many people in Panjakent today. The museum...

changed substantially over time. Major regional languages like Elamite, Sogdian, Koine Greek, or Nahuatl in ancient, post-classical and early modern times...

Pukarzate to Varkhuman, the Sogdian king of Samarkand. The visit is mentioned in the murals of Afrasiyab, written in Sogdian: When King Varkhuman Unash...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

Arabs besieging Samarkand with a traction trebuchet (mangonel), Sogdian mural from Panjakent in Tajikistan, 8th c....

with Iran soured over commerce issues. Istämi sent an embassy led by the Sogdian diplomat Maniah directly to Constantinople, which arrived in 568 and offered...

Joseon. The futou with a jinzi (lining) was also introduced back in the Sogdian areas in Central Asia spreading to the Western regions through the Xinjiang...

Oxus Civilization Scythia Dingling / Tiele Saka Kangju Huns Middle Ages Sogdians 200s–1000s Hephthalites 440s–710 Göktürks 552–745 Karluks 665–744 Kimek...

Proto-Sinaitic alphabet Phoenician alphabet Aramaic alphabet Syriac alphabet Sogdian alphabet Old Uyghur alphabet Mongolian script Galik Sister systems Clear...

cities that sport the element kand/kent/qand/jand, meaning "a city" in Sogdian as well as other Iranic languages. The Khwarazmian version was kath, which...

The Sogdian "Kulagysh plate", depicting a heroic single combat scene leading to the death of both sides...

Bindu of Bukhara was Bukhar Khudah (king of Bukhara) from an unknown date to 681. Several rulers of Bukhara were known before him, however, it is not known...

that the language recorded is either: "a missing link between Bactrian, Sogdian, the Saka languages, ... Alanic and ‘Old Steppe Iranian’," such as a native...

Chinese Embassy carrying silk and a string of silkworm cocoons to the local Sogdian ruler. The scene depicted in the Afrasiyab murals probably occurred soon...

dawdžytæ). His name is often being considered a cognate of Iranian Khuda (see Sogdian Xutāw, Khwarezmian Xudāw), although some other scholars claimed that it...

historical accounts it is known that Alexander the Great, who married a Sogdian woman from Bactria named Roxana, encouraged his soldiers and generals to...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

Tuoba Sitai, a descendant of Tuoba Chici, aided the Tang in putting down a Sogdian-led revolt in Shuofang. By the time of the An Lushan Rebellion in the 750s...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

Buddhist languages of Chinese and Tibetan but also into Uighur, Mongol, Sogdian, Khotanese, and Tangut. Many manuscripts of the sutra have survived in...

Lake Balkhash. The Nushibi had connections southwest with the literate Sogdian merchants. The Duolu were probably more pastoral. Rivers running down from...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

8 km east of Kant. Its population was 7,613 in 2021. Nearby is the ruined Sogdian silk road settlement of Navekat ('new town'). It was active between the...

sub-tribe Anqing (安慶), specifically, from the Shi clan (石) of ultimately Sogdian origin. Shi Jingtang was born in 892, during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

came to China's border seeking silk goods and a trade relationship. A Sogdian diplomat represented China in a series of embassies between the Western...

to Dr. Hisao Matsuda is a transliteration of the Sogdian word Navapa meaning "new water." Sogdians, an Eastern Iranian people, maintained minority communities...

then adapted the Uyghur alphabet—a descendant of the Syriac alphabet, via Sogdian—to write Mongol. With only minor modifications, it is used in Inner Mongolia...

Tughra Bobir Gayibov (2016). "About To the Question of the Main Origin of Sogdian Rulers". International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies III(I):...

Alexander the Great (a Macedonian Greek) and Alexander's wife Roxana (a Sogdian). He had an older full brother who died in infancy in 326 BC, as well a...

artwork from the Second German Turfan expedition (left) and Bezeklik Sogdian merchants donating to the Buddha, art work from the Second German Turfan...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

Szemerényi, Oswald (1980). Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka (PDF). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften....

a precious stone, and rather hard to engrave. It is considered as "a Sogdian double portrait". It shows two facing busts. One is a bearded male, wearing...

in his poems (the Gathas). Representations of bridges on early medieval Sogdian funerary couches have been identified as the Chinvat Bridge. The most notable...

was born in Jiaozhi (modern-day northern Vietnam). He was the son of a Sogdian merchant, hence the last name of Kang, meaning "one whose forefathers had...

today's Uzbekistan was part of Sogdia, Khwarazm, Bactria mainly inhabited by Sogdians, Bactrians, and Khwarazmians, all Indo-Iranian peoples. It was part of...

town proper was 15,805. The name Batkent is from the Iranian language of Sogdian and means "The city of wind". Batken became the administrative headquarters...

'the secrets' of papermaking. However, an archive of 76 paper writings in Sogdian, Aarabic, and Chinese has been found in Panjikent, left behind by the ruler...

canyon. The forest, located in the shadow of the canyon, is known as the "Sogdian ash" (a tree that is said to be a derivative from the ice age). The site...

national poet Sadriddin Ayni Devashtich District – Divashtich, a medieval Sogdian ruler in Transoxiana Dustmurod Aliev (jamoat) – Dustmurod Aliev (1950–1989)...

identified similar Caucasian figures of the same cave temple (No. 9) as ethnic Sogdians, who inhabited Turpan as an ethnic minority community during the phases...

of the Karakum Desert near Margiana, alongside the Saka groups and the Sogdians and Chorasmians, and immediately to the north of Hyrcania. During late...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

Asia. A Sogdian sale contract of a female slave from the period of the Gaochang kingdom under the rule of Qu clan from 639 CE mentioned the Sogdian word...

Mesopotamia Gaugamela Persia Persian Gate Persepolis Bactria Cyropolis Sogdian Rock Expedition into India Indian campaigns Cophen Aornos Hydaspes Mallian...

root of word is “Al”. Turkish tradition maintained that it was related to Sogdian words connected to blaze (Alaw, Alav, Alev), which in turn was thought...

a medieval Sogdian ruler in Central Asia during the period of the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana. In 710, he was installed as king (Sogdian: ikhshid) of...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

as Encyclopædia Iranica), the name Bukhara is possibly derived from the Sogdian βuxārak ('Place of Good Fortune'), a name for Buddhist monasteries. In...

Persian Dhalath U+074D ݍ Syriac Letter Sogdian Zhain U+074E ݎ Syriac Letter Sogdian Khaph U+074F ݏ Syriac Letter Sogdian Fe Diacritics U+0730 ܰ Syriac Pthaha...

the ancient fortress, some artifacts and multiple documents written in Sogdian (81), Arabic (1), one Turkic (1), and Chinese (several). The editor of...

transcriptions of Rouran names. Atwood (2013) notes that Rourans calqued the Sogdian word pūr "son" into their language as *kʻobun (Chinese transliteration:...

language was likely one of the many Eastern Iranian languages (such as Sogdian or Bactrian), that were commonly spoken in most of Central Asia during...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

in the "western style" was a certain He Chou, a name which betrays his Sogdian origins. Most of the silk products unearthed in Xinjiang (Chinese Turkestan)...

(Tibetan: ལང་གྲོ་དཀོན་མཆོག་འབྱུང་གནས, Wylie: lang gro dkon mchog 'byung gnas) Sogdian Lhapel, Lhapal the Sokpo (Tibetan: སོག་པོ་ལྷ་དཔལ, Wylie: sog po lha dpal)...

the Wusun likely spoke an Iranian language closely related to Sogdian, permitting Sogdians to translate their endonym as *wδ'n [wiðan] and Chinese to transcribe...

Siege of Cyropolis (329 BC) – Wars of Alexander the Great Siege of the Sogdian Rock (327 BC) – Wars of Alexander the Great Siege of Neapolis (c. 327 BC)...

Grivpanvar War elephants Paygan Immortals Pushtigban Sarmatians Daylamites Sogdian warriors Gond-i Shahanshah Darigan Stor Bezashk Navy Ranks Spahbed Aspbed...

Tang tricolor figurine of a Sogdian wine merchant holding a wineskin. During the Tang dynasty (618–907), China started to import grape wine from Central...

to have been derived from or inspired by a non-cursive version of the Sogdian script. The steles were erected by the Göktürks in the early 8th century...

that time. Kang Senghui (active 248–280 CE) was a Buddhist monk of Iranic Sogdian and Vietnamese parentage, and an important figure in the translation of...

known and used in Samarkand decades before 751 CE. Seventy-six texts in Sogdian, Arabic, and Chinese have also been found near Panjakent, likely predating...

Company. pp. 151–154. ISBN 9789027284181. "Who Were the Sogdians, | The Sogdians". sogdians.si.edu. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021....

according to Mahmud al-Kashgari, some non-Turkic languages like Kanchaki and Sogdian were still used in some areas in the vicinity of Kashgar, and Kanchaki...

Khaganate is associated with Iranian elements. The Sogdian influence on the state was considerable. The Sogdians, international merchants of long standing with...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

Pitman shorthand Proto-Sinaitic Punic Samaritan South Arabian Zabur Musnad Sogdian Syriac ʾEsṭrangēlā Serṭā Maḏnḥāyā Teeline Shorthand Ugaritic Abugidas Brahmic...

(Indus Valley) (518 – 323 BCE) Persian Empire Bactrians Saka Parthians Sogdians Ionians Aethiopians Mahajanapadas Gandhara kingdom Sindhu Sauvira kingdom...

manichäisches Bet- und Beichtbuch, the first major publication of the difficult Sogdian language texts. In the same period, Henning also made several significant...

Buddhist text Sutra of the Six Mahayana Paramitas from an Iranian language (Sogdian or Bactrian) to Chinese. The translated text was presented to Emperor Dezong...

Sedentary and Urban Uzbek, “Modern Uzbek”) (strong Iranian substrate from Sogdian and Persian languages) Northern Uzbek (Oʻzbekcha / Oʻzbek tili) Ferghana...

peoples of non-Han Chinese stock. It has been used for people of Persian, Sogdian, Turkic, Xianbi, Indian and Kushan origin and occasionally for the Xiongnu...

Empire under Justin II is formed after a delegation of the Turks led by Sogdian Maniah arrive in Constantinople to trade silk with the Byzantines. 572...

Chinese Embassy carrying silk and a string of silkworm cocoons to the local Sogdian ruler. In the Torah, a scarlet cloth item called in Hebrew "sheni tola'at"...

Manthra Dunhuang manuscript from the 9th century CE, containing a Sogdian version of the Ashem vohu manthra Information Religion Zoroastrianism Language...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

Platonic Orientalism. p. 129. The form Būdhīsaf is the original, as shown by Sogdian form Pwtysfi and the early New Persian form Bwdysf On the Christian versions...

name "Jizzahk", derives from the Sogdian word for "small fort" and the present city is built of the site of the Sogdian town of Usrushana. Karakalpakstan...

Georgians (Georgian: სპასპეტი, spaspeti), as well as Khotan (spāta) and the Sogdians (spʾdpt) in Central Asia. It is also attested in Greek sources as aspabedēs...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

been brought properly under control when the Caliph al-Maʾmūn sent his Sogdian general al-Afshīn to the Delta in 830, 831 or 832. The rebels in the eastern...

Plate, showing the Siege of Jericho. It was probably made in and for a Sogdian Nestorian Christian community located in Semirechye. 9th–10th century....

INSCRIPTIONAL PAHLAVI LETTER HE PSALTER PAHLAVI LETTER HE OLD SOGDIAN LETTER HE SOGDIAN LETTER HE CHORASMIAN LETTER HE Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec...

translations. Through the Asceticon, some of the Sayings made their way into Sogdian. Helen Waddell translated a selection of elements from the Vitae patrum...

Sogdians were successful merchants for centuries and traveled to Europe, China and India. They took their music and dances with them, and the Sogdian...

Grivpanvar War elephants Paygan Immortals Pushtigban Sarmatians Daylamites Sogdian warriors Gond-i Shahanshah Darigan Stor Bezashk Navy Ranks Spahbed Aspbed...

Central Asian clothing Saka clothing Scythian art Scythian metallurgy Sogdian clothing Tocharian clothing Scythian Tribute Bearers on the Apadana Staircase...

to her. Another concubine was Maridah. Her father was Shabib. She was a Sogdian, and was born in Kufah. She was one of the ten maids presented to Harun...

Baikal for several decades. China also gained loyalty from the Turkic and Sogdian tribes at the northern and western borders. The Tang managed to encroach...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

全国重点文物保护单位·第一至第五批·第Ⅱ卷. 文物出版社. 2004. p. 377. ISBN 7-5010-1525-2. Wilson, J (2024). "The Sogdians Influences on the Silk Road". National Museum of Asian Art. 河南省文物研究所; 安阳地区文物管理委员会...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

Spring and Autumn period adopted as a surname by the Sogdians, and became one of the "Nine Sogdian Surnames", also known as ‘nine surnames of Zhaowu’ adopted...

empire; Another theory postulates a Sogdian origin for both titles, "yabghu" and "shad". The rulers of some Sogdian principalities are known to have title...

Ushrusana Rakhanch was a Sogdian Afshin (ruler) of the Principality of Ushrusana, modern Tajikistan, in the 7th century CE, in the period between 600...

Funan bore similarities to Indian script. He is speculated to have been Sogdian origin according to some studies. Chinese exploration Hall, D.G.E. (1981)...

centuries. The Sogdians from Central Asia during the mid-1st millennium brought their art and technique of textile tapestry to China (the Sogdians established...

clothes decorated with Hellenistic motifs. The Yingpan man may have been a Sogdian or more probably an elite member of the Shanshan Kingdom nearby. The mummy...

Pitman shorthand Proto-Sinaitic Punic Samaritan South Arabian Zabur Musnad Sogdian Syriac ʾEsṭrangēlā Serṭā Maḏnḥāyā Teeline Shorthand Ugaritic Abugidas Brahmic...

Central Asia, before and after the arrival of Islam. He is a specialist in Sogdian culture, its traders and nobility, and also in the nomadic invasions of...

Kawus ibn Kharakhuruh was the ruler (Sogdian: afshin) of the Principality of Ushrusana during the 9th century. He was the son and successor of Kharakhuruh...

सिन्धी, سنڌي snk snk Soninke Individual Living Sooninkanxanne sog sog Sogdian Individual Historical som som so Somali Individual Living af Soomaali son...

merged into a distinctive culture. Around 700 BCE this new culture, called Sogdian, flourished in city-states along the Zeravshan Valley. By this time, the...

absorbed into the Armenian language, where it was spelled bambishn. The Sogdian version of the word is bāmbusht. In the Sasanian inscriptions, banbishn...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

Sogdiana. Alexander first sent Craterus to Cyropolis, the largest of the Sogdian towns holding out against Alexander's forces. Craterus' instructions were...

until 2014) is the capital of the province. The ancient Indo-European, Sogdian gor-/gur- ("mountain"-) is well preserved in all Slavic gor-/gór- (goor-/gur-)...

Sarmatians, the Alans, and the Roxolani. The more easterly Khwarazm and Sogdians were also closely affiliated in linguistic terms. Ossetian, together with...

Corridor, inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2014. Medieval sources say Sogdian merchants from Bukhara asked the Turkic Khagan for land in the Talas valley...

luxury good. Paper was introduced to the region through the Silk Road. Sogdian language paper letters to Samarkandi merchants have been dated to 313 CE...

language, speaking it alongside Middle Persian, Aramaic, Greek, Babylonian, Sogdian and other languages in the multilingual territories they would conquer...

Chinese philosopher (approximate date) (d. c. 230 BC) Roxana, Bactrian or Sogdian princess, widow of Alexander the Great Pytheas, Greek merchant, geographer...

Gate 331 BC Battle of Jaxartes 329 BC Battle of Gabai 328 BC Siege of Sogdian Rock 327 BC Indian campaign Cophen Campaign 327 BC-326 BC Siege of Aornos...

Shatial triptych with Sibi-Jataka, circa 300–350 CE based on Kharoshthi, Brahmi and Sogdian paleography....

architecture in the Buddhist land. Sogdian Daēnās depicting two Zoroastrian deities once worshipped by the Sogdians Church of the East painting of Jesus...

Kenzheakhmet etymologised 弩失畢 (MC: nuǝ-șit-pjit) as Chinese transcription of Sogdian nšypyk (*nišēbīg), nšmy (*nišame), meaning "west". In the Afrasiab murals...

Grivpanvar War elephants Paygan Immortals Pushtigban Sarmatians Daylamites Sogdian warriors Gond-i Shahanshah Darigan Stor Bezashk Navy Ranks Spahbed Aspbed...

known as the Wardan Khudah, had seized most of the principality, while a Sogdian magnate named Khunuk Khudah, managed to rally the nobles of Bukhara around...

Eastern Iranian languages, particularly "a missing link between Bactrian, Sogdian, the Saka languages, Old Ossetic/Alanic and ‘Old Steppe Iranian’ (and perhaps...

Mesopotamia Gaugamela Persia Persian Gate Persepolis Bactria Cyropolis Sogdian Rock Expedition into India Indian campaigns Cophen Aornos Hydaspes Mallian...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

Iranian languages. Modern Yaḡnōbi belongs to the same dialect group as Sogdian, but is not a direct descendant; Bac-trian may be closely related to modern...

Bahram was long remembered amongst the people of the surrounding area; the Sogdian city of Bukhara would later mint coins with his image. Bahram erected a...

religion, mostly due to the vast number of Middle Persian, Parthian, and Sogdian (as well as Turkish) texts discovered by German researchers near Turpan...

including from eastern northern and northern Iranian languages such as Sogdian and especially Parthian. The mastery of the newer speech having now been...

cultural exchanges between China and the outside world, with Persians and Sogdians among those who benefited the most from such exchanges with China. In the...

as a surname. Taken as a surname by the Sogdians when they came to China and became one of the "Nine Sogdian Surnames", also known as 'nine surnames of...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

concerned the question of the conversion of non-Arabs, especially the Sogdians of Transoxiana. Following the Umayyad defeat in the "Day of Thirst" in...

vol. 1, London: Hakluyt Society. Zhang, Guangda (2002), "The role of the Sogdians as translators of Buddhist texts", in Juliano, Annette L.; Lerner, Judith...

Central Asian art Deer stone East Asian art Mongolian art Sasanian art Sogdian art Thompson 1996, pp. 6–7. Heather 2005, pp. 330–331. Kim 2015, p. 166-167...

into central Asian languages (such as Khotanese, Tocharian, Uighur, and Sogdian). Various jātaka stories and source texts were also translated into Chinese...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

the Turkic title (H)elteber to Manichean Bactrian l’dβr, Written Sogdian δātβar, Sogdian ryttpyr / dyttpyr (*litbir), etc. from Middle Iranian *lātbär <...

Chionites, or Chionitae (Middle Persian: Xiyōn or Hiyōn; Avestan: X́iiaona-; Sogdian xwn; Pahlavi Xyōn) were a nomadic people in the Central Asian regions of...

Names: Their Lore and Meaning (1899), θ Oph together with ξ Oph formed the Sogdian Wajrik "the Magician", the Khorasmian Markhashik "the Serpent-bitten" and...

used after the 3rd century AD evolved, through the Pahlavi scripts and Sogdian alphabet, into the alphabets of North Asia such as the Old Turkic alphabet...

with the other Iranic peoples such as the Medes, Persians, Parthians, and Sogdians. These various Iranic peoples still shared significant commonalities in...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

ISBN 978-8412527858. "Believers, Proselytizers, & Translators The Sogdians". sogdians.si.edu. GULÁCSI, ZSUZSANNA (2010). "The Prophet's Seal: A Contextualized...

English Old German Old Khmer Old Malay Old Turkic Norse Pali Sabaic Saka Sogdian Telugu Tibetan Tocharian Welsh Medieval by century 10th 11th 12th 13th...

the name Marsmanda with the Sogdian **market calendar system**. As described by the scholar Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Sogdians held markets on specific days...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

the East, and one of the words, written in Sogdian, appears to be "Jesus". Another inscription in Sogdian reads, "In the year 210 came Nosfarn from Samarkhand...

Tarkhun (Chinese: 突昏 tū-hūn, died 710) was a Sogdian ruler (Sogdian: əxšēδ) of Samarkand from somewhere 705–707 to 710. After receiving the news of the...

illustrated by its prophet, Mani, in Syriac, with later reproductions written in Sogdian. It was unique as a sacred text in that it contained numerous pictures...

*sïqïr türk çor). The Sïqïr Türks were identified with the Sikāri in Sogdian documents as well as the Sijie, who were mentioned as Tujue Sijie (突厥思結)...

BCE Nabataean 2nd c. BCE Arabic 4th century N'Ko 1949 Syriac 1st century Sogdian 2nd century Old Turkic 8th century Old Hungarian c. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian...

الأفشين, Persian: اَفشین, romanized: Afshin), was a senior general of Sogdian descent at the court of the Abbasid caliphs and a vassal prince of Oshrusana...

sipir- > süpür-). Walter Bruno Henning considered to have found them in the Sogdian Nafnamak (near Turpan) long after the 5th century. Some scholars related...

geography and judicial and administrative practices. Some were translated into Sogdian and discovered at Turpan. Under Yazdegerd I (r. 399–420) there were occasional...

production of frankincense and myrrh; and northward to the Saccae and Sogdians. No Assyrian before me ever saw the sea; but distant as the seas are from...

Grivpanvar War elephants Paygan Immortals Pushtigban Sarmatians Daylamites Sogdian warriors Gond-i Shahanshah Darigan Stor Bezashk Navy Ranks Spahbed Aspbed...

soldiers, their status was quite elevated; some of their commanders bore Sogdian titles of nobility. The city was further developed under Caliph al-Mutawakkil...

Jesus. These are some of the known apostles. Mar Ammo, Apostle to the Sogdians Mar Sisin, the first Manichaean Pope possibly Mar Zaku, who may alternatively...

China made him an unpopular ruler. This led to a rebellion in 839 by the Sogdian official An Yunhe (安允合) and Uyghur minister Chai Lei (柴勒). Qaghan was able...

An 8th-century Tang dynasty Chinese clay figurine of a Sogdian man (an Eastern Iranian person) wearing a distinctive cap and face veil, possibly a camel...

dropping its theophoric (deity name) element. Mainly texts written in Sogdian from the Turfan Oasis; they were included in the series named Berliner...

Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9626081-9-3 [1] Incredibow web page Harvey Turnbull: A Sogdian friction chordophone. In: D.R. Widdess, R.F. Wolpert (Hrsg.): Music and...

Road brought Chinese silk to India, Africa, and Europe, and, conversely, Sogdian silk to China. Tastes for imported luxury fabrics led to sumptuary laws...

Belenickij, Aleksandr M.; Maršak, Boris Il'ič; Dresden, Mark J. (January 1981). Sogdian Painting: The Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art. University of California...

Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho Penjikent murals Sampul tapestry Sogdian Daēnās Oxus Treasure Bimaran Casket Buddhas of Bamiyan Kabul hoard Aramaic...

2016-09-15 at the Wayback Machine. (Accessed 3 September 2016). Ethnic Sogdians have been identified as the Caucasian figures seen in the same cave temple...

Alexandri, (section 4.18.4–19.6) Archived 4 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Sogdian Rock, translated by Aubrey de Sélincourt Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri, (Section...

Grivpanvar War elephants Paygan Immortals Pushtigban Sarmatians Daylamites Sogdian warriors Gond-i Shahanshah Darigan Stor Bezashk Navy Ranks Spahbed Aspbed...

Christian plate with decoration of the Siege of Jericho, probably made by Sogdian artists under Karluk dominion, in Semirechye. Cast silver of the 9th-10th...

defeated the Northern Liang in 439 CE, they captured a great number of Sogdian merchants from their capital Wuwei, and resettled them in their own capital...

the victorious?") ΝΑΝΑ, ΝΑΝΑΙΑ, ΝΑΝΑϷΑΟ (variants of pan-Asiatic Nana, Sogdian nny, in a Zoroastrian context Aredvi Sura Anahita) ΜΑΝΑΟΒΑΓΟ (manaobago...

system and religious faiths of the Sogdians, such as Manichaeism, Buddhism, and Christianity, but also looked to the Sogdians as "mentors" while gradually replacing...

the east, such as the dialect used by Iraqi Turkmens, the word "kend" (a Sogdian loanword) is used at all times when denoting a village rather than köy;...