DOSEN PROFIL LENGKAP

Sinicization, sinofication, sinification, or sinonization (from the prefix sino-, 'Chinese, relating to China') is the process by which non-Chinese societies...

The sinicization of Tibet includes the programs and laws of the Chinese government to force cultural assimilation in Tibetan areas of China, including...

The Sinicization of Marxism (Chinese: 马克思主义中国化; pinyin: Mǎkèsīzhǔyì Zhōngguó Huà) is a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) ideological concept that proposes...

De-Sinicization or desinicization is a process of cultural or political movement aiming to eliminate or reduce Chinese cultural elements, identity or ethnic...

The Sinicization of the Manchus was the process in which the Manchu people became assimilated into the Han-dominated Chinese society. It occurred most...

Religious sinicization (from "sinicize", meaning somebody or something modified under Chinese influence) usually refers to "the indigenisation of religious...

種族主義; pinyin: zhòngzú zhǔyì) arises from Chinese history, nationalism, sinicization, and other factors. Racism in the People's Republic of China has been...

once distinguished only the Laotian varieties (Hmong Daw, Mong Leng), Sinicized Miao (Hmong Shua), and the Vietnamese varieties (Hmong Dô, Hmong Don)...

‹ The template Infobox religious group is being considered for merging. › Christianity has been present in China since the early medieval period and became...

Northern Domination. During the several hundred years of Chinese rule, sinicization of the newly conquered Nanyue was brought about by a combination of Han...

repression of religious freedom, which is a component of a larger effort to "sinicize" religion and harmonise it with traditional Chinese culture. The Najiaying...

see the good, feel hope, [and] have dreams". Xi is a proponent of the "Sinicization of Chinese religion". At the 19th Party Congress, Xi stated, "We will...

upholding our country's direction to Sinicize religion." He spoke favourably of the efforts made thus far to "sinicize" the church in China as well as the...

Science and Technology Chen Yuanguang (657–711), a leader of the movement to sinicize Fujian and northern Guangdong. Khaw Soo Cheang (1786–1882), merchant and...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

orthodox historians tend to emphasize the power of the Han people to "sinicize" their conquerors in their thought and institutions, a handful of American...

of the Turks, Mongols, and Tibetans. Many had, to some extent, been "sinicized" long before their ascent to power. In fact, some of them, notably the...

Marxism–Leninism adapted to the historical context of China, which it calls the Sinicization of Marxism, often expressing it as socialism with Chinese characteristics...

center and speeding up sinicization of the far south. At the same time, most of the nomads in northern China came to be sinicized as they ruled over large...

either led or heavily influenced by the Xianbei, opposed and promoted sinicization at one point or another but tended towards the latter, merging with the...

Taiwan, particularly efforts by the Kuomintang (KMT) controlled ROC to sinicize Taiwan during the martial law era in the aftermath of World War II. Regardless...

promote a series of policies for assimilating the Yue tribes through sinicization. The Qin empire started the construction of the Lingqu Canal, connecting...

Ministries (which had been introduced since the Sui and Tang dynasties) gave a Sinicized image in the Yuan administration, the actual functions of these ministries...

494 AD. The Tuoba adopted the surname Yuan (元) as a part of systematic sinicization. Many antiques and art works, both Taoist art and Buddhist art, from...

predominantly occupied by Han Chinese due to internal Chinese migrations and Sinicization of the Manchus, especially during the Qing dynasty. It is considered...

contemporary China and of the 21st century" and "a new breakthrough in the Sinicization of Marxism". It is a component of the theoretical system of socialism...

The history of the island of Taiwan dates back tens of thousands of years to the earliest known evidence of human habitation. The sudden appearance of...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

beginning in 2000 to distance itself from China and rollback earlier sinicization efforts by taking actions such as removing Chinese influence from items...

referencing the White Terror, and also said the DPP was trying to "de-Sinicize Taiwan". Cheng is also viewed as favoring closer relations with mainland...

forces at Shahu mountain. The Shatuo Turks had founded several short-lived sinicized dynasties in northern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms...

from the Qing dynasty. Under Zheng rule, Taiwan underwent a process of Sinicization in an effort to consolidate the last stronghold of Han Chinese resistance...

access to drinking water. The UFWD also plays an active role in the sinicization of non-Han ethnic and religious minorities, particularly in Tibet, Inner...

renamed the new Mongol regime in China as the Yuan dynasty and sought to sinicize his image as Emperor of China to win the control of the Chinese people...

under Han Chinese control at around year 100 BCE. However, large-scale sinicization didn't occur until the 6th to 7th century CE, at which point the region...

reflection of Chinese influence on Japanese civilization. In Japan, the Sinicized court wanted written history that could be compared with the annals of...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

Demographics of Taiwan Han Taiwanese Overseas Taiwanese Sinocentrism Sinicization De-Sinicization Taiwanese nationalism Taiwanese nationality law National identification...

This article contains Vietnamese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of chữ Nôm, chữ Hán...

Wen of the Sui dynasty in 589 AD. During this period, the process of sinicization accelerated among the non-Han ethnicities in the north and the indigenous...

the Di of Guanzhong had lived in China for generations and were highly sinicized. Others such as the Tuoba and Murong Xianbei tribes migrated from China's...

Linguistic Sinicization of Korean elites during the Silla and Goryeo periods Vietnam Middle Vietnamese Old Vietnamese Middle Chinese Linguistic Sinicization of...

to controversy in some communities. Consistent with their desires to de-Sinicize Taiwan, the ROC's Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) governments began...

The change of Xianbei family names to Han names was part of a larger sinicization campaign. It was at its peak intensity under Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern...

are often either ethnically Chinese or generally assume some level of sinicization, especially the adoption of Chinese language and culture. This is because...

rump state of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty, Western Liao was culturally Sinicized to a large extent, especially among the elites consisting of Liao refugees...

substrate from the languages of the inhabitants of the region before its sinicization. The Min homeland of Fujian was opened to Han Chinese settlement by the...

Gairaigo Transcription into Chinese, though standards vary by polity. Sinicization, specifically adoption of Chinese literary culture Latinisation of names...

glorified in Chinese records since he and his father, aided by their sinicized Mongolian ministers and Chinese scholar-officials, had made vigorous efforts...

Tibet Tibet Area (administrative division) Tibetan independence movement Sinicization of Tibet Shigatse Photovoltaic Power Plant Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng;...

aimed at demonising Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT as well as pushing de-sinicization that erased Chiang's nuanced legacy and accused the DPP of pushing a...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

independent of Han dynasty control, Southern Yue expanded colonization and sinicization under its policy of "Harmonizing and Gathering the Hundred Yue" (和集百越)...

of Marxism and Leninism across history. So in general, we regard the sinicization of Marxism up to Xi Jinping Thought as legitimate. So when it comes to...

structures. Chinamaxxing or 'becoming Chinese' is frequently translated as "sinicization" on Chinese social media, according to The Economist. Jessie Yeung, writing...

misrepresentation of history, created as a political tool to justify the sinicization of Tibet. Despite the debate about the intention of Chinese descriptions...

(25–190 AD), due to increased Chinese immigration and official efforts to sinicize the territory. This layer consists of roughly 400 words, which have been...

Kublai renamed the Mongol regime in China Dai Yuan in 1271, and sought to sinicize his image as Emperor of China to win control of millions of Han Chinese...

instances, like with the Ming official Hai Rui, the name originated as a Sinicization of the Arabic name "Haydar". Hai Rui (海瑞; Hai Jui; 1514–1587) Chinese...

an additional 3.8 million people are surnamed Jin (金), the most common Sinicized form, which has been embraced by core imperial family members like Jin...

2018–03: 56–63. Perry, Elizabeth J. (2019). "Making Communism Work: Sinicizing a Soviet Governance Practice" (PDF). Comparative Studies in Society and...

circulation. Some critics believe that the result of the rivalry between Sinicization and Americanization may lead to the emergence of a third power or turn...

cultures diminished in favor of the state's Chinese nationalism. Forced sinicization is what was imposed widespread across Taiwan, forcing citizens to learn...

(1626-1642)". Docslib. Retrieved 2025-08-11. Shepherd, John R. (1986). "Sinicized Siraya Worship of A-li-tsu". Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia...

"Eastern Barbarians" (Dongyi). Under the Zhou, they were colonized and sinicized as the state of Lai. Lai was annexed by Qi in 567 BC. Under the First...

Filial Piety and the Monk in the Practice of Buddhism: A Question of 'Sinicization' Viewed from the Other Side. Frederic, Louis. Buddhism: Flammarion Iconographic...

(Hui) origin, a Korean origin, and a Mongolian origin, as a result of sinicization. However, the majority of people bearing the surname Guo are descended...

also has the Chinese name 中國石油, and was part of government efforts to de-Sinicize Taiwanese entities which have "China" in their names. However, the Kuomintang...

the state-sanctioned CCPA. In 2016, Xi Jinping announced a campaign to "sinicize" the country's religions. In 2018, the Holy See and the PRC signed a provisional...

their respective tribal identity, they also underwent various degrees of Sinicization. By the Western Jin period, their population had grown substantially...

Court. The Ming government began a harsh rule of both colonization and sinicization. In October 1407, 7700 tradesmen and artisans from Đại Việt were sent...

Chinese surnames are used by Han Chinese and Sinicized ethnic groups in Greater China, Korea, Vietnam and among overseas Chinese communities around the...

Russification Romanianization Romanization Sanskritisation Serbianisation Sinicization Slavicisation Slovakization Swedification Ukrainization Thaification...

phenomenon include "Chinese English", "China English", "Engrish" and "Sinicized English". The degree to which a Chinese variety of English exists or can...

effect on 1 July 2026. The law codifies Xi Jinping's policies regarding sinicization of ethnic minorities. The law has been criticized by scholars, the United...

mysterious, with the peoples responsible for them now either extinct or Sinicized. The following is a list of hanging coffin sites in China: Fujian Wuyi...

garrison there following the arrival of General Lu Bode. The process of sinicization in Hainan was driven by the conjunction of Han territorial expansion...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

and reflect strong Scythian influences. Some of these artifacts were sinicized by the neighbouring Qin state in China, probably also for nomadic consumption...

Vietnamese food, owing to historical contact with China and centuries of sinicization, some Vietnamese dishes share similarities with Chinese cuisine. In culinary...

Xuanzong of Jin (18 April 1163 – 14 January 1224), personal name Wudubu, sinicized names Wanyan Xun and Wanyan Congjia, was the eighth emperor of the Jurchen-led...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

state of Lai by the state of Qi in 567 BC, the Dongyi gradually became sinicized. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, power was accumulated...

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of a series on Taiwan independence movement Basis Anti-imperialism De-Sinicization Self-determination Democratization Formosa People Historical point of...

2019. Chen, Ruiwen (2017). "Sinicizing Christian Music at Shanghai Community Church". In Zheng, Yangwen (ed.). Sinicizing Christianity. Leiden: Brill...

December 2020. His original patrilineal surname was Bosman, which was later sinicized to 何 (Ho). Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stanley Ho. Shun Tak...

former one-child policy. In 2016, Xi Jinping announced a campaign to "sinicize" all of the country's religions in an effort to bring them more in line...

distinct Chinese variety known as Xiangnan Tuhua that is spoken by the sinicized Yao people of the Xiao River and Yongming River region of northern Jiangyong...

Kang-nam (2000). "The Taoist Influence on Hua-yen Buddhism: A Case of the Sinicization of Buddhism in China". Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal (13): 286. Archived...

Standard Mandarin using Pinyin). Although this area started undergoing sinicization from the late Han dynasty, Xinhui was decreed as a district during the...

due to growing Tang influence and different attitudes toward further Sinicization. The main part of society in Parhae was free in a personal capacity and...

Conscription Cross-Strait relations Chinese nationalism Chinese Taipei De-Sinicization Foreign relations North–South divide Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity...

Selected Papers on Formosan Languages 台灣平埔族的種類及其互關係 [Classification of the Sinicized tribes in Taiwan and their internal relationships]. Vol. 2. Taipei, Taiwan:...

ceremonies and customs, Shams al-Din has been largely credited with the sinicization of the region. The city grew as a trading center between the southwest...

The cultural suppression in Tibet refers to a range of policies and actions carried out by the People's Republic of China that critics and human rights...

Party (CCP), implement Xi Jinping Thought, and promote the Religious Sinicization under the general secretaryship of Xi Jinping. A 2023 Pew survey found...

official hostility against rural religious festivals in China, and de-Sinicization in Taiwan have all been blamed for the decline of various forms in different...

Linguistics. 19 (1): 1–41. ISSN 0091-3723. JSTOR 23757088. Liu, Yuqing (2022). "Sinicizing European Languages: Lexicographical and Literary Practices of Pidgin English...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

facto Tibetan independence Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950 Sinicization of Tibet List of organisations of Tibetans in exile List of overseas...

Eight Banners and their identity Tungusic peoples Sushen Mohe Jurchen Sinicization of the Manchus Military of the Qing dynasty Modern China permits Han...

with the latter conquering the former in 473 BCE. Minor Chinese and sinicized states and polities continued to exist well into the Warring States era...

‹ The template Infobox ethnic group is being considered for merging. › The Utsuls ([hu˩ t͡saːn˧˨]; traditional Chinese: 回輝人; simplified Chinese: 回辉人; pinyin:...

centuries of Chinese rule saw more Vietnamization of local Chinese than Sinicization of local Vietnamese. Compared to the first six centuries of Chinese rule...

麹氏高昌国時代ソグド文女奴隷売買文書. 神戸市外国語大学外国学研究 神戸市外国語大学外国学研究: 1–50. Rahman, Anwar (2005). Sinicization Beyond the Great Wall: China's Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. Troubador...

with support from Chinese scholar-immigrants, conducted the first "sinicization" on the local tribes by introducing Chinese-style marriage, opening the...

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non-Han ethnic group, their success was linked to their comprehensive sinicization after founding the Qing. By contrast, NQH is commonly characterized as...

needed] in his capital at Luoyang, after a 27-year reign in which he has Sinicized his tribal relatives (Tuoba clan), created a Chinese-style government...

villages (website in Japanese) [2] (Steven Frost's photos of Zhaoxing) Sinicization: at the crossing of three China regions, an ethnic minority becoming...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

Century CE), Columbia University Press Yang, Bin (2008c), "Chapter 5: Sinicization and Indigenization: The Emergence of the Yunnanese", Between Winds and...

Paper genocide Anglicisation Francization Russification Slavicisation Sinicization Germanisation Magyarization Persianization Turkification Arabization...

more than a million Uyghur Muslims in internment camps, destroyed or sinicized mosques, and suppressed Islamic religious practices such as fasting during...

languages). Some use the term Daizurian to refer specifically to the sinicized Tai people living in Yunnan. The term is derived from the Chinese term...

(1368–1644). During this period, Japan and Korea underwent voluntary Sinicization. The Sui, Tang and Song empires had the world's largest economy and were...

the Gandhāra district of what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan. Highly sinicized forms of syncretism can also be found on the eastern portions of the Tarim...

Qing dynasty Imperial court, but as Manchu officials became increasingly sinicized, many lost fluency in the Manchu language. Trying to preserve the Manchu...

General indoctrination and anti-PRC propaganda was widespread. The sinicization of the native Taiwanese population drew special attention to support...

Banner, like other collateral Gioro clansmen. Modern-day descendants sinicized their surnames into Zhao (赵), Shu (舒), Zeng (曾), Gong (贡), Cong (从), Jiang...

Han Buddhism (traditional Chinese: 漢傳佛教; simplified Chinese: 汉传佛教) is a Sinicized form of Mahayana Buddhism, which draws on the Chinese Buddhist canon (大藏經;...

infantry and engineering, as in the case of the Mongol Empire and its sinicized part, the Yuan dynasty (1279–1368). The Chinese recognized early on during...

Republic of China (ROC) assumed control of the university and initiated sinicization reforms. On August 15, 1945, the Kuomintang government appointed Lo Tsung-lo...

or politics Polonisation – Adoption or imposition of Polish culture Sinicization – Assimilation into Han Chinese culture Sovietization – Adoption of Soviet...

The book also marks the writer's initial identity transition from a Sinicized man to a real Tao who embraces the value of physical labor and learns...

Russification Romanianization Romanization Sanskritisation Serbianisation Sinicization Slavicisation Slovakization Swedification Ukrainization Thaification...

Retrieved 17 February 2025. 马克思主义中国化研究文稿 [Research Papers on the Sinicization of Marxism]. 中国社会科学院马克思主义中国化优势学科成果系列 (in Chinese). Social Sciences Academic...

others, who gradually appreciated Marxism's power. This promoted the sinicization of Marxism and provided a basis for the birth of the CCP and socialism...

cultural heritage and decided not to force their subjects to acculturate and sinicize. Manchus of Qing acknowledged that each region had the prerogative to preserve...

by some historians[by whom?] as hints that Vietnamese society before sinicization was a matriarchal one, where there are no obstacles for women in assuming...

from clothing of the Yuan dynasty. It is sometimes described as being a sinicized version of the Mongol's jisün and could only be found in China. Yesa was...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

received strong Chinese influence in their culture and civilization and were Sinicized, and the Cambodians and Laotians were Indianized, the Montagnards in the...

government. In December 2019, Wang Yi, who challenged the government's sinicization of the gospel in his 95 Thesis, was sentenced to nine years in prison...

combined the strengths of their Manchu culture in addition to a level of Sinicization of the conquered cultures, to combine assimilation and the retaining...

had been enslaved by the Japanese and actively promoted a campaign to re-Sinicize (再中國化) them, ignoring their strong desire to participate in the island's...

A. (2004). Islam in China: Hui and Uyghurs Between Modernization and Sinicization. White Lotus Press. ISBN 978-974-480-062-6. Bovingdon, Gardner (2018)...

briefly united by the Jin dynasty in 280, which fell into civil war. Sinicized formerly nomadic peoples who had settled in Northern China, such as the...

it was the Chinese which lead to acculturation process referred as Sinicization. The clothing of officials in Northern Vietnam followed the regulations...

de zhǒnglèi jíqí xiānghù guānxì 台灣平埔族的種類及其相互關係" [Classification of the Sinicized Tribes in Taiwan and Their Internal Relationships]. In Li, Paul Jen-kuei...

historians from both Koreas (North and South) suspect an attempt of sinicization (similar to Jinhan with Qin dynasty; see Jinhan confederacy's misconceptions)...

of a series on Taiwan independence movement Basis Anti-imperialism De-Sinicization Self-determination Democratization Formosa People Historical point of...

Racism in China Re-education through labour Secession in China Sinicization of Tibet Sinicization Sinocentrism Tangshan protest Xinfang Xinjiang internment...

derived from a translation of the English name Pinnacle Islands into a Sinicized Japanese term "Sento Shoto" (as opposed to "Senkaku Retto", i.e., the...

Major Tool for Architectural Indigenization". In Zheng, Yangwen (ed.). Sinicizing Christianity. Brill. pp. 197–232. doi:10.1163/9789004330382_009. ISBN 9789004330382...

Qing dynasty. After the demise of the dynasty, some of its descendants sinicized their clan name to the Han Chinese surname Guan (關). The Gūwalgiya clan...

Eastern Turkic Khaganate was established. Both Zhangsun and Chigan were sinicized Xianbei surnames. See Change of Xianbei names to Han names for more. Chao...

has resulted in criminal prosecution. In 2023, government efforts to "sinicize" a mosque in Yunnan by destroying its minaret and dome roof led to clashes...

become increasingly hostile toward religion and has initiated campaigns to “sinicize" Islam, Tibetan Buddhism, and Christianity to rid them of what it deems...

short stature, broad nose, and frizzy hair." Surrounded by Indianized and Sinicized states from all sides, the Montagnard tribes however have preserved their...

the Western Wei (which was more sinicized) and the Eastern Wei (which was less sinicized and resented the sinicized court of Northern Wei). Due to the...

since 1950 Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China since 2009 Sinicization of Tibet Tibet 《明实录》又载："万历十五年（1587）十月丁卯......番僧答赖（即达赖）准升'朵儿只唱名号，仍给敕命、图书...

modern Xinjiang, was dominated by the Tuoba. Emerging as the partially sinicized state of Dai between AD 338 and 376 in the Shanxi area, the Tuoba established...

northern China, including Khitan and Jurchen who have, for the most part, sinicized during the last two hundreds years. The name Han became popularly accepted...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

The Ethnic Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress is one of ten special committees of the National People's Congress. The special committee...

and culture during this period. However, the Qing dynasty adopted a sinicization policy towards the Mongol heartland (Inner and Outer Mongolia) since...

parts of China in what has been called a campaign of assimilation and Sinicization of the local Uyghur population. The XPCC is under both the Central People's...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

sentiment Great Russian chauvinism Hoklo chauvinism Hua–Yi distinction Sinicization Sinocentrism Meyer, Patrik. "Could Han Chauvinism Turn the 'Chinese Dream'...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

Humaneness Humanistic Buddhism Meritocracy Republic of China independence Sinicization Status quo (since 1992) Three Principles of the People Zhonghua minzu...

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and other progressive clergymen. The CCPA also pursues the policy of Sinicization, which is meant to reinforce the Chinese national identity and adapt...

China Pax Sinica Political systems of Imperial China Royalist Party Sinicization Sinocentrism Sinosphere Succession to the Chinese throne Timeline of...

the process of voluntary Sinicization, or the impression of Chinese cultural and political ideas. Korea and Japan sinicized because their ruling class...

increased immigration of ethnic Han to the area and a rapid buildup of a sinicized military to fend off growing Russian influence, aggravated Mongols and...

explores what one person can do to make a difference, in this case to the sinicization of Tibet. The book was republished in 2005 reversing the title and subtitle...

(in French). 27 (2/3): 237–9. Lackner, Michael. "Richard Wilhelm, a 'Sinicized' German Translator." (Archive) In: Alleton, Vivianne and Michael Lackner...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

destroyed a number of monasteries in Kham and Amdo, and an early form of "sinicization" of the region began. Later, around the time of the collapse of the Qing...

Humaneness Humanistic Buddhism Meritocracy Republic of China independence Sinicization Status quo (since 1992) Three Principles of the People Zhonghua minzu...

from religion and Sinicize them (assimilate them into Chinese culture). Critics of the policy have described it as the Sinicization of Xinjiang and they...

conquered kingdom of Bohai. As such, there is evidence of at least limited Sinicization on the part of the Yelü clan. Even as late as 1074, a proposal was brought...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

Chinese: 擴廓帖木爾; Mongolian: ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ, Köketemür, Хөхтөмөр; died 1375), sinicized name Wang Baobao (Chinese: 王保保), was a prominent general of the Yuan dynasty...

consecration, Wu Yishun spoke in favour of the government's policy to sinicize the Catholic church in China. CNA. "Holy See appoints third Chinese bishop...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

of emperors combined the strengths of their culture with a degree of sinicization of the conquered cultures, aiming to achieve assimilation while retaining...

Chinese society with nomadic peoples, and Mary C. Wright's thesis of sinicization. Among historians, the labelling of "conquest dynasties" has proven to...

Century CE). Columbia University Press. Yang, Bin (2008c). "Chapter 5: Sinicization and Indigenization: The Emergence of the Yunnanese". Between Winds and...

annihilated the Later Jin and annexed its former territories. The first sinicized Shatuo state, Later Tang, was founded in 923 by Li Cunxu, son of the Shatuo...

Taiwanese have also been forced to adopt Chinese names as part of enforced Sinicization. The popularity distribution of family names in Taiwan as a whole differs...

since the Holocaust. Critics of the policy have described it as the sinicization of Xinjiang and have called it an ethnocide or cultural genocide, while...

characteristics, while some beliefs (such as Ali-zu beliefs) have been sinicized. Taiwan is also the most religious region in the Chinese-speaking world...

Taiyuan in present-day Shanxi that had long been a stronghold of the sinicized Shatuo. However, the Later Jin he served was weak and little more than...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

is also a sinicized surname for several clans of Manchurian nobility. During the Qing dynasty, there was an ongoing process of sinicization of surnames...

Chaghan Temur (Chinese: 察罕帖木兒; Mongolian: ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ), Sinicized name Li Chahan (李察罕), courtesy name Tingrui (廷瑞), posthumous name Prince Zhongxiang...

architectural elements from the Tang Empire and Song Empire as the region sinicized in the later half of the first millennium AD. Its Lingnan style is defined...

Family Surnames, contained in the verse 熊紀舒屈 (Xiong, Ji, Shu, Qu). Šumuru sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames Shu (舒), Xu (徐) or Xiao (蕭) after...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

time the sculptures showed more Chinese elements and became gradually sinicized. The two giant statues represent Maitreya Buddha. The earlier and larger...

on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024. Rahman, Anwar (2005). Sinicization Beyond the Great Wall: China's Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. Troubador...

and the early Spring and Autumn period, the Dongyi became increasingly sinicized. During the late Spring and Autumn period, the once-powerful Dongyi state...

around the late Silla and early Goryeo period as a result of Silla's sinicization policies. Taejo of Goryeo promoted the bongwan system to stably distribute...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

China List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Xinjiang Sinicization "Id Kah Mosque". IRCICA. 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2025. Hoshur, Shohret...

economic frameworks" that the Plains indigenous peoples gradually became sinicized. In the course of their interaction with the Han Chinese, some Plains...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

of northern Myanmar and the city of Mandalay have become effectively sinicized. Naw Kham was formerly a subordinate associate of Khun Sa, a major ethnic...

them. At the same time, as the ruling Manchus had become increasingly sinicized and population pressure in China proper emerged, the dynasty began to...

without any legal process. Critics of the policy have described it as the Sinicization of Xinjiang and some have also called it an ethnocide or a cultural genocide...

Chinqai (Chinese: 鎮海, c. 1169 – 1252), also known by his Sinicized name Tian Zhenhai (Chinese: 田鎮海), was a Mongol statesman, scholar and politician in...

is mainly responsible for studying the basic theory of Marxism, the Sinicization of Marxism and its main representatives, studying Xi Jinping Thought...

Qau, Central Gelao, or Sinicized Gelao (Chinese: 汉仡佬; pinyin: Hàn Gēlǎo) is a Gelao language spoken in Guizhou, China. The dialects of Qau that are still...

1163/15692108-12341626. ISSN 1569-2108. Chaichana, Tanarat (2024-04-30). "The Sinicization of jazz: Exploring the rise and fall of jazz cultures in Shanghai from...

other ethnic and religious minorities in Xinjiang, as well the forced sinicization of Mongols and Tibetans. China has criticized the United States on human...

Pepper Chamber (椒房; jiāofáng) Passing Attendant (中式; zhōngshì) During the sinicization of Northern Wei, Emperor Xiaowen reformed the ranking system to the system...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

the CCP under Xi Jinping shifted its policies in favor of a so-called "Sinicization" of ethnic and religious minorities. The trend accelerated in 2018 when...

Viśa' Śūra (Chinese: 尉遲輸羅), Sinicized name Li Congde (李从德), was king of Khotan from 966 to 977. He was the son of Viśa' Saṃbhava. He adopted Tianzun (天尊)...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

bearer's moral integrity.[citation needed] Prior to the twentieth century, sinicized Koreans, Vietnamese, and Japanese were also referred to by their courtesy...

the Jin–Song Wars. Thereafter the Jurchens became sinicized; this can be seen in the sinicization of the surname "Wanyan" to "Wang" in the official Jurchen...

of Jin (25 September 1198 – 9 February 1234), personal name Ningjiasu, sinicized names Wanyan Shouxu and Wanyan Shouli, was the ninth emperor of the Jurchen-led...

repressive measures (such as the Han Bingtuan militia in Xinjiang) and sinicization have been likened to "cultural genocide" and apartheid by some activists...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

Humaneness Humanistic Buddhism Meritocracy Republic of China independence Sinicization Status quo (since 1992) Three Principles of the People Zhonghua minzu...

control of Han dynasties, including the Qin, Han, Jin, Sui, and Tang Sinicized Phase Yue/Southern HanH NanzhaoD,M Song Period Nùng–Zhuang–Tày rebellions...

Studies. Cheu, Hock Tong (1996). Malay Keramat, Chinese Worshippers: The Sinicization of Malay Keramats in Malaysia (PDF). Singapore: Dept. of Malay Studies...

Yukihiro; Moriguchi, Tsunekazu (1991). Linguistic Materials of the Formosan Sinicized Populations I: Siraya and Basai. Tokyo: The University of Tokyo Department...

this time, Vietnamese nationalism had reached a point where attempts to sinicize them could only strengthen further resistance. Almost immediately, Trần...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

Washington D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Rahman, Anwar (2005). Sinicization Beyond the Great Wall: China's Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. Kibworth...

Xinjiang, he has earned a reputation for applying draconian measures to sinicize the traditional cultures. In 2022, he was given a post in the Central Rural...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

like prisons to eradicate Uyghur culture and religion in an attempt at Sinicization. The United States Congress has responded to these reports with calls...

particularity of the traditional Mongolian script, a large part (40%) of the Sinicized Mongols in China are unable to read or write this script, and in many...

the Huai river. From this point on, much of North China was ruled by Sinicized barbarian tribes such as the Xianbei, while southern China remained under...

the Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution, Great Chinese Famine and Sinicization of Tibet; during his time as leader of China, he was allegedly responsible...

2013. Hideto Ito, "Language Contact on the Korean Peninsula: Counter-Sinicization as a Response to Chinese Pressure," Tokyo University of Foreign Studies...

Humaneness Humanistic Buddhism Meritocracy Republic of China independence Sinicization Status quo (since 1992) Three Principles of the People Zhonghua minzu...

Jurchen). Qing emperors were Manchu, and the Manchu group has largely been sinicized (the Manchu language being moribund, with 20 native speakers reported...

it was formulated. The term is seen by proponents as representing the Sinicization of Marxism. The term was first used by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping on...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

in the local wu and lineages of ordained ritual masters. A process of sinicization, or more appropriately a "Taoisation", is also the more recent experience...

middle will die an early death. Whilst Vietnamese vocabulary is very Sinicized, the numbers 1-5 retain proto-Austroasiatic origins. The numbers from...

history. She broke political boundaries, completed the process of Liao's sinicization from original tribe to a feudal dynasty, promoted the integration of...

from Putian city of central Fujian and from Guangdong. The Li resisted Sinicization more fiercely than the indigenous Taiwanese and they were ultimately...

move was not welcomed by all. Antagonism grew between Xiaowen and his sinicized court and those who preferred to cling to the traditional Tuoba tribal...

century, Transoxiana was conquered by the Qara Khitai (Western Liao), a sinicized Khitan dynasty, they brought to Central Asia the Chinese system of government...

area with heavy aquaculture and stilt houses, but became increasingly sinicized through contact with northern Chinese states. They adopted the Chinese...

Khanate. The campaign, which saw the Mongols engage and defeat a non-sinicized state for the first time, was a pivotal moment in the growth of the Mongol...

frequently tends to be related to alleged Chinese imperialism (including Sinicization), Christianization, and communization. Inflaming ethnic and political...

assimilation of the tribes during his reign between. Under Emperor Huangti, sinicization of the Dian involved the teaching of Chinese ethics and Han Chinese culture...

received strong Chinese influence in their culture and civilization and were Sinicized, and the Cambodians and Laotians were Indianized, the Montagnards in the...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

between the two sides, Chinese leaders often appealed to the merit of Sinicization of Marxism, including "peasant encirclement of the cities", "land revolution"...

Peoples to China's north including Turkic, Manchu and Mongolian tribes were sinicized over time, this assimilation often occurred as a result of nomadic conquest...

In 2018, paramount leader Xi Jinping issued a directive aimed at the sinicization of Chinese Muslims. Since then, the government has been accused of repressing...

of a series on Taiwan independence movement Basis Anti-imperialism De-Sinicization Self-determination Democratization Formosa People Historical point of...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

One country, one system (factions) One country, two systems (factions) Sinicization Syncretic politics Zhonghua minzu Pro-ROC camp Anti-communism Anti-PRC...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

Pax Sinica – Periods of regional peace maintained by Chinese hegemony Sinicization – Assimilation into Han Chinese culture Cultural area – Geographical...

versions of the contents. Daniel Gravius – Siraya language scholar Ali-zu – Sinicized Siraya deity Taiwanese indigenous peoples Siraya-class offshore patrol...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

importance or recognizable identity, and is believed to be an attempt of Sinicization on the grounds of phonetic similarities. In actuality, the word "Jin"...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

indigenous between the 17th and 19th centuries, the indigenous were completely Sinicized. Finally, modern ethnographical and anthropological studies have shown...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

Zhangzong of Jin (31 August 1168 – 29 December 1208), personal name Madage, sinicized name Wanyan Jing, was the sixth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty...

Taiwan was the adoption of the name by Taiwanese aborigines during their Sinicization. Members of the Plains tribes adopted the surname Pan as a modification...

intermarriage was forbidden to keep up the Manchu heritage and minimize sinicization. Han Chinese civilians and Mongol civilians were banned from settling...

main themes of Vietnamese history. However, Vietnam was also heavily Sinicized, adopting most aspects of Chinese culture, including the administrative...

multi-ethnic and multi-cultural empires, and both also had significant sinicization, most especially in the Qing dynasty. Their capitals were also located...

Movement and the China Christian Council to "adhere to the direction of Sinicization of Christianity" and "interpret the doctrines that conform to the development...

the world's Buddhists. East Asian forms of Buddhism all derive from the sinicized Buddhist schools which developed during the Han dynasty and the Song dynasty...

invested heavily in the region but generated controversies due to the sinicization of Tibet. Human rights abuses remain a concern especially where it comes...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

and Emperor Zhuanzong put him and his entire family to death Ju Hala (Sinicized: 朱氏), a Manchu clan during the Qing dynasty, perhaps founded by and composed...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

nearly three centuries of division into a nomad-ruled (but increasingly Sinicized) north and a Han Chinese-ruled south. Hubei, to the south, remained under...

institutions of the Han Chinese dynasties that preceded them and were "sinicized", that is, absorbed into Chinese culture. In 1990 American historians...

Zheng He's grandfather carried the title hajji, and his father had the sinicized surname Ma and the title hajji, which suggests that they had made the...

independent self-management of the church, uphold our country's direction to sinicize religion, positively lead the Catholic church to conform to socialist society...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

social sciences. On another level, the state's main objective was to "sinicize" the Taiwanese by teaching them Mandarin Chinese and Nationalist ideology...

province's development, Jin further antagonized the populace by reinstituting Sinicization policies, increasing taxes, prohibiting participation in the hajj and...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

Tujia people. Famous Tujia people Historically, Tujia people were highly sinicized, and had produced many outstanding talents. Dai Bingguo, diplomat of Wen...

more. Ultravisum. ISBN 978-0-9808425-5-5. Zheng, Yangwen, ed. (2017). Sinicizing Christianity. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-33038-2. Zhou Fagao (周法高) (1972)....

present-day Langzhong served for a time as the capital of Ba, a native but sinicized Sichuan state during China's Warring States period. It takes its present...

chariot; Xi Zhong's descendants subsequently bore Xue as their clan name. Sinicized descendants of various non-Han Chinese peoples also adopted Xue as their...

peoples. Cultures of the plains indigenous peoples have undergone heavy Sinicization. This increases the difficulty in identifying ethnic groups. Blust, Robert...

continuing to be the source of main customers. Mandalay has been virtually sinicized economically and culturally, to the resentment of locals. More than 50...

the dialect's coastal distribution. Ethnic Manchus nowadays are very sinicized and speak mostly Northeastern Mandarin, and the Manchu language is almost...

History of Tibet Tibet Autonomous Region Tibet Policy and Support Act Sinicization of Tibet "Buddhist theory of life, death and rebirth" (PDF). Archived...

Humaneness Humanistic Buddhism Meritocracy Republic of China independence Sinicization Status quo (since 1992) Three Principles of the People Zhonghua minzu...

the Communist Party's developing ideology. This was described as the Sinicization of Marxism. Mao's view was that these concepts were not a complete system...

Tibetan independence groups allege and accuse Ma Bufang of carrying out Sinicization policies in Tibetan areas: he is said to have forced Tibetans to intermarry...

Denazification De-Leninization De-Stalinization De-Ba'athification De-Sinicization De-Sukarnoization Communist nostalgia Nostalgia for the Soviet Union...

of a series on Taiwan independence movement Basis Anti-imperialism De-Sinicization Self-determination Democratization Formosa People Historical point of...

Chinese Five Classics, medicine, and astronomy. The Silla Kingdom was sinicized more slowly compared to both Baekje and Goguryeo. However, it studied...

Ethnic minorities in China March of the Volunteers Minzu (anthropology) Sinicization Sinocentrism Three Principles of the People Volk Yan Huang Zisun Some...

Edward H. Schafer, however, maintains that An Lushan is probably the Sinicized version of a name derived from Anxi (安息 "Parthia(n)") and the common Sogdian...

Manchu nobility. After the demise of the dynasty, some of its descendants sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames Fu (富/傅) or Li (李). Arantai (阿蘭泰;...

Family tree of the Ngô dynasty Wu Rida (sinicized name) 8th century Ngô Đình Mân 9th century Dương Đình Nghệ b.874–d.937 Ngô Tịnh ?–? Ngô Quyền b.897-d...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

again with Mongols in China due to a Chinese government campaign of sinicization, which results in the Mongolian language being restricted and practically...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

of a series on Taiwan independence movement Basis Anti-imperialism De-Sinicization Self-determination Democratization Formosa People Historical point of...

One country, one system (factions) One country, two systems (factions) Sinicization Syncretic politics Zhonghua minzu Pro-ROC camp Anti-communism Anti-PRC...

Myanmar and Cambodia as well as pig butchering scams. Religious sinicization (from "sinicize", meaning somebody or something modified under Chinese influence)...

Zhao, Former Yan, and Former Qin. Further, it retroactively used the sinicized surnames introduced by Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei in 496 to apply...

explorations of the concept of "sinicization" have much focused on the Manchu ethnic identity. Rather, he used the term "sinicization" in a different sense, in...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

barbarians" are sometimes interpreted as Sinicized, and the shengfan 生番 "raw [food eating] barbarians" as not Sinicized. The Liji gives this description. The...

weddings and historical reenactments. These dynasties saw increasing Sinicization in government and dress. The round-collar robe became a prominent part...

One country, one system (factions) One country, two systems (factions) Sinicization Syncretic politics Zhonghua minzu Pro-ROC camp Anti-communism Anti-PRC...

The Central Symposium on Work in Xinjiang is an event held in Beijing by the Chinese Communist Party regarding its operations in Xinjiang. To date, there...

the Dai people who formed the serfs class. They were later thoroughly sinicized, adopting the local language of speech. Large numbers of foreign merchant...

Pidi's ancestors changed their family name from Duan to Kudi (庫狄), later sinicized to Di (狄). Shimunek classifies Duan as a "Serbi" (i.e., para-Mongolic)...

revolt against Vietnamese rulers, but he was promptly defeated. Minh Mang sinicized ethnic minorities such as Cambodians, claimed the legacy of Confucianism...

Emperor Xiaowen (reigned 467–499 AD) implemented a drastic policy of sinicization, ordering his own people to adopt Chinese surnames. The Tufulu (吐伏盧)...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

emperor and the officials. In the 1150, Emperor Hailing established a sinicization policy. The shaving the hair and adopting Jurchen clothing order was...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

there, but on the nearby mainland. During this era, Fujian was greatly sinicized by influxes of refugees fleeing invasions of northern China and it has...

that of Nanyue, the original Baiyue inhabitants of the region before sinicization occurred. The more well-known stories in Cantonese folktales include:...

1959 Tibetan uprising 2008 Tibetan unrest 2010 Tibetan language protest Sinicization of Tibet Tibetan independence movement Tibetan sovereignty debate Sanchez...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

social sciences. On another level, the state's main objective was to "sinicize" the Taiwanese by teaching them Mandarin Chinese and Nationalist ideology...

known as the wild Jurchens. Jurchen unification List of Manchu clans Sinicization of the Manchus 東夷考略·女真通考 "满洲历史上的东海女真". Archived from the original on...

Buddhism, he established the Niu Tou Chan School. This marked the true Sinicization of Indian Chan Buddhism, making Niushou Mountain a significant origin...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

centralized Chinese imperial bureaucracy, but the empire was gradually sinicized over time. The Jurchens became fluent in the Chinese language, and the...

southward from the North China Plain, many Tai–Kadai speakers became sinicized, while others were displaced to Southeast Asia. With the exception of...

application to be recognized as a distinct nationality. The Husa are more Sinicized than other Achang, with Confucian-style ancestral memorial tablets commonly...

the Han government imposed more direct rule and ramped up efforts at sinicization. The Han fully consolidated their control, replacing the loose tribute...

century. They were included in Josotu league of the Qing. The Tumed were Sinicized linguistically in the late 19th century, and by the early 20th century...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

eastern Xianbei elite hailed from the northern garrisons which opposed sinicizing policies at the capital. They treated the Chinese with disdain and distrust...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

emigrated away from the Chinese heartland or were partly assimilated through sinicization into Chinese culture during later dynasties. After this early period...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

One country, one system (factions) One country, two systems (factions) Sinicization Syncretic politics Zhonghua minzu Pro-ROC camp Anti-communism Anti-PRC...

Huaihuang, thus starting the Rebellion of Six Frontier Towns, an anti-Sinicization movement among northern peoples. In 525, Du Luozhou (杜洛周) led Shanggu...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

and briefed them on CCP General Secretary Xi Jinping's views on the "Sinicization" of religion, or the adoption of "Chinese characteristics" within established...

these arrangements, the Five Divisions underwent a significant degree of sinicization and were even allowed to hold Jin offices, but resentment against the...

people of China. He believed his country and its Christianity needed to be sinicized and not dependent upon the foreigner for funds and direction. Lee, Leo...

Religion: the contributions of ‘Emperor Bodhisattva’ Xiao Yan promoting the Sinicization of Buddhism during the reign of the Liang Dynasty. Academic Journal of...

Temple Zhang, Xiaogui (2011). "Zhonggu huahua xianjiao kaoshu [A Study of Sinicized Zoroastrianism in Medieval China]". Iranian Studies. 44 (3): 437–438....

that the Manchu rulers had become "sinicized" and did not have a distinctive non-Chinese approach. He said sinicization was not incompatible with the politics...

located in the neighborhood. The name of the current neighborhood is the sinicized name of the original Korean name "Non gogae (논고개)" which meant there was...

him and his clan slaughtered. She apparently accelerated the policy of Sinicization, which included social stratification, as she issued an edict in 478...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

in 1667 when a Miao woman in Yunnan married a Chinese official. Some Sinicization occurred, in Yunnan a Miao chief's daughter married a scholar in the...

Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era Principles of Marxism Sinicization of Marxism International Communist Movement Foreign Marxism Research...

some Chinese public opinion views "Lunar New Year" as an act of "De-Sinicization". In 2025, the Chinese tea brand CHAGEE translated the Spring Festival...

Chinese from the 14th century to 1949. The Bai people are one of the most sinicized minorities in China. The Bai ruling family of the Dali Kingdom claimed...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

depicting Mani. The portrait of the founder Mani has been completely Sinicized. The black and white photo of this painting was originally published in...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

history of Eight Banners (欽定八旗通志), The Tong (佟) family from Fushun was a sinicized Jurchen clan, they were incorporated into the Han Chinese Plain Blue Banner...

Emperor Xiaowen (reigned 467–499 AD) implemented a drastic policy of sinicization, ordering his own people to adopt Chinese surnames. The Aluhuan (阿鹿桓)...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

to make the structure look more "Chinese" in an attempt by the CCP at sinicization, and the others said that it was restored to its original local Chinese...

Rinpoche Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950 Racism in China Sinicization of Tibet Tibetan independence movement Tibetan sovereignty debate Persecution...

Beijing. His name at birth was Xiao Bingqian (蕭秉乾). He was born into a sinicized Mongol family. His father died before his birth, leaving only his mother...

isolated from the rest of the Islamic world, gradually becoming more sinicized, adopting the Chinese language and Chinese dress. During this period,...

Yuan dynasty. The orthodox historical view sees these as dynasties as sinicized polities as they adopted Han culture, claimed the Mandate of Heaven, and...

of a series on Taiwan independence movement Basis Anti-imperialism De-Sinicization Self-determination Democratization Formosa People Historical point of...

the area belonged to Ungcheonju (熊川州). Later, due to King Gyeongdeok's Sinicization policy in 757, Usul-gun was renamed Bipung-gun (比豊郡), Nosaji-hyeon became...

demise of the Qing dynasty, some of the descendants of Manchu clan Šumuru sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames Shu (舒), Xu (徐) or Xiao (蕭). A...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

Luoyang was definitively under Wei control. In 493 AD, as part of his sinicization campaign, Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei moved the capital from Datong...

Culture of the latter region. Nishuliji (Sinicized: 倪屬利稽, pinyin: Níshǔlìjī) around 722. Gao Ziluo / Go Jara (Sinicized: 高子羅, pinyin: Gāo Zǐluó), defected to...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

History Research Office, believes that this is a "new leap forward in the Sinicization of Marxism" and an important part of Xi Jinping Thought. Ideology of...

name "Jalairs". The descendants of the Yaglakars in Qinghai Yugurs often sinicize their surname as Yang. Alyılmaz, Cengiz (2013). "(Kök)Türk Harfli Eski...

language. Like many of the southern provinces in China, Sichuan was fully sinicized by the end of the Tang dynasty. The modern variety of Chinese spoken in...

from the Manchus. Qipao Military of the Qing dynasty New Qing History Sinicization of the Manchus Crossley 2010, pp. 95–96. Elliott 2001, p. 85. Crossley...

Chinese, in particular, its vowels and final consonants, it produces a sinicized pronunciation of the Arabic language. Many Hui who used it said Salaam...

The Mường are often perceived as an intact culture, compared to the sinicized Vietnamese (Kinh) in the lowland, and they also tend to adopt and exchange...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

significantly, with several going extinct, in part due to the process of sinicization. Official communications among the Han were done in Mandarin (官話; Guānhuà;...

Manchu nobility. After the demise of the dynasty, some of its descendants sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames Tang (唐), Tan (譚), Shu (舒) or...

effect on 1 July 2026. The law codifies Xi Jinping's policies regarding sinicization of ethnic minorities. The law has been criticized by scholars, the United...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

been strictly been enforced. In the 1150, Emperor Hailing established a sinicization policy. Under his reign, the Chinese in Honan were allowed to wear Chinese...

2020). "Uyghurs in Xinjiang Ordered to Replace Traditional Décor With Sinicized Furniture". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

the Han pantheon in some places of Taiwan. Shepherd, John R. (1986). "Sinicized Siraya Worship of A-li-tsu". Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia...

(ideology) Names of Vietnam Northern and Southern dynasties (Vietnam) Sinicization Timeline of Vietnamese history Timeline of Vietnam under Chinese rule...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

Okinawan dialects, while later periods of Japanese exhibit more significant Sinicization (such as Sino-Japanese vocabulary) than most Ryukyuan languages. This...

pre-existing characters with the appropriate radicals, such as 气 for gases. Sinicization Chinese Language Standardisation Council of Malaysia Romanization of...

of a series on Taiwan independence movement Basis Anti-imperialism De-Sinicization Self-determination Democratization Formosa People Historical point of...

Another term for sinicization is cultural cleansing or genocide, a term which has been used in reference to the results of China's sinicization programs and...

of a series on Taiwan independence movement Basis Anti-imperialism De-Sinicization Self-determination Democratization Formosa People Historical point of...

Kong Catholic clergymen and briefed them on Xi Jinping's views on the "Sinicization" of religion, or the adoption of "Chinese characteristics" within established...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

travellers noted that, apart from their faith, the Albazinians were thoroughly Sinicized and bore little physical resemblance to the Russians. By the end of the...

town was originated by prince Albaz as the capital of Solon Khanate (Sinicized: 索倫汗國). Later in the 17th century, the town was the center of the short-lived...

an Hellenistic phase during the 3rd to 6th century CE, followed by a Sinicized-Indian phase during the 7th to 9th century. The site was excavated by...

North-Central Vietnam), which lasted from 722 to 723, a large number of Sinicized lowland Vietic people or the Kinh moved north. The Jiu Tangshu records...

of a series on Taiwan independence movement Basis Anti-imperialism De-Sinicization Self-determination Democratization Formosa People Historical point of...

the area of Afghanistan, in the 7th-8th century CE shows a phase using "Sinicized Indian models". During this period, the Chinese Tang Empire extended its...

capital, Luoyang as a hostage during his youth, where he became highly sinicized and later held several government offices under the Western Jin dynasty...

One country, one system (factions) One country, two systems (factions) Sinicization Syncretic politics Zhonghua minzu Pro-ROC camp Anti-communism Anti-PRC...

ISBN 9780444858115. Hock, Tong Cheu (1996). Malay Keramat, Chinese Worshippers: The Sinicization of Malay Keramats in Malaysia. Department of Malay Studies, National...

of northern Myanmar and the city of Mandalay have become effectively sinicized and blamed them for "moral decline", while ethnic Chinese have responded...

dynasty and his mother was Sui's Princess Guanghua, he was considered too sinicized and not supported by the people. Late in 635, he was assassinated. Murong...

Southwestern Mandarin are also spoken. Xiangnan Tuhua is spoken by the Sinicized Pingdi ('plains') Yao. Xiangnan Tuhua, which differs enough from those...

Culture-specific: De-Arabization De-Russification De-Sanskritisation De-Sinicization Stolen Generations (of Australian Aboriginals) Alba, Richard D.; Nee...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

in Beijing as well as in the Temple of Confucius in Shandong. Tibet: Sinicization of Tibet from the 1950s onwards. Following the 1959 Tibetan uprising...

that all CCP members should study the Talks, stating that they were the Sinicization of Marxism and Leninism. Mao followed the Talks with his report The Culture...

the 'sinicization' of Catholicism". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 2019-03-11. Vermander, Benoît (February 2019). "Sinicizing Religions, Sinicizing Religious...

ended on Taiwan, the Taiwan independence movement and efforts in de-Sinicization grew in strength on Taiwan. To Kinmenese, however, these developments...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

Turkic Khaganate's population. Reportedly, the majority opinion was for sinicization by scattered resettlement in the Tang prefectures of what are now modern...

them. At the same time, as the ruling Manchus had become increasingly sinicized and population pressure in China proper emerged, the dynasty began to...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

of significant development for Buddhism in China. During this time, a sinicized Buddhism was widely accepted and practiced throughout the empire, with...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

children to the Chinese capital, Luoyang as hostages, where they became sinicized and accustomed to Confucian scholar culture. They were even allowed to...

instead of Tangut characters. Emperor Yizong of Western Xia (1047–1068), sinicized name Li Liangzuo (Chinese: 李諒祚), was the second emperor of the Western...

of the (already small) Thao ethnic population. The language has been sinicized. Most people who speak Thao are bilingual or trilingual and can speak...

headquarters of Ngari Prefecture (which is known in Chinese under the Sinicized form of its name, Ali Prefecture), the town is also commonly known in...

style, removing the dome and minarets as part of a national effort to sinicize Islam in China. The style of the mosque follows the Arabic Islamic and...

the 17th to the 19th century, many Taiwanese Plains Aborigines became Sinicized, and shifted their language use to other Sinitic tongues, (mainly Taiwanese...

restrictions vary, and claims of cultural suppression, including the sinicization of Tibet, are a subject of debate among scholars and international observers...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

invaders – previously observing their own rules of inheritance – began to sinicize, as happened to the 10th-century Liao dynasty. Under the Ming dynasty,...

the area of present-day Chaoyang in Liaoning Province). Her clan had Sinicized its name to Lou toward the end of the fifth century. Gao Huan, on the...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

independence lost. It is said that a more extreme than-ever process of sinicization was enforced, and countless Vietnamese resources and goods were removed...

Taiwanese architects in the late 1940s focused on “de-Japanization” and “re-Sinicization” of Taiwan’s urban landscapes, with new buildings drawing influence from...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

the origin of the Later Han and Northern Han emperors; some indicate sinicized Shatuo ancestry while some traditional historical sources claim that the...

people assimilated Han Chinese immigrants into their population, have a sinicized culture, Cham people carry the patrilineal R-M17 haplogroup of South Asian...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

One country, one system (factions) One country, two systems (factions) Sinicization Syncretic politics Zhonghua minzu Pro-ROC camp Anti-communism Anti-PRC...

Director Wang Chen called the Thought "the latest achievement in the Sinicization of Marxist theory on the rule of law". According to the Central Conference...

Yelü Lihu (911–960), Sinicized name Yelü Honggu, courtesy name Xiyin, was an imperial prince of the Liao dynasty of China. As the third son of the Liao's...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

One country, one system (factions) One country, two systems (factions) Sinicization Syncretic politics Zhonghua minzu Pro-ROC camp Anti-communism Anti-PRC...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

has caused two fields of thought; one side seeing the Zhongshan as a sinicized minority, an outside group that has been heavily influenced by Chinese...

revolved around this center-periphery cultural divide. Thus, the process of Sinicization throughout history had as much to do with the spreading of imperial rule...

Machine (Translated by The Buddhist Text Translation Society in USA) Sinicization of Buddhism – White Robe Guan Yin – explanation of how Avalokiteshvara...

minorities in China Boycott Chinese products Students for a Free Tibet Sinicization of Tibet Stateless nation Racism in China Ethnic conflicts in Kazakhstan...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

intermarried in efforts to maintain the peace and stability. Due to this, sinicization did not happen. A noteworthy Chinese Vietnamese of this time was one...

Hala (Sinicized*: 扎噜特氏) Jamtai Hala (扎木泰氏) Jamuken Hala (扎穆恳氏) Jamur Hala (扎穆尔氏) Jamuya Hala (扎穆雅氏) Jancuhun Hala (瞻楚浑氏) Jang Hala (Sinicized*: 张氏) (of...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

Irredentism Law and order Rectification of names Rationalism Ren Respect Sinicization Sinocentrism Social stratification Social structure Sovereignty Tradition...

Exile List of organizations of Tibetans in exile 1959 Tibetan uprising Sinicization of Tibet "Tibet House US". charitynavigator.org. Charity Navigator. Retrieved...

society, which began in the Red River Delta south of China, was heavily Sinicized while Khmer society, which was centered around the lower reaches of the...

CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping stressed: Systematically promote the sinicization of religions in my country and actively guide religions to adapt to socialist...

questions on-the-spot. The People's Daily commented that the show aims to sinicize Marxist philosophy into plain language for Chinese TV viewers. The show...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

Wei dynasty (386–535), the Xianbei rulers pursued a policy of drastic sinicization, and ordered many non-Chinese people to adopt Chinese surnames. The Book...

Conscription Cross-Strait relations Chinese nationalism Chinese Taipei De-Sinicization Foreign relations North–South divide Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity...

over the cultural policy of the empire: the Emperor Huizong supported sinicization, while the Empress Dowager Liang supported Tangutization (ironic, considering...

Basin. Karakhoja had been ruled by the Qu family since 498. The most Sinicized of the oasis states, Karakhoja had adopted Chinese script as its official...

Gon-ngi) was spoken between the 3rd and 6th centuries. It was largely sinicized by new settlers from the Central Plain. Some scholars consider late Old...

Emperor Xiaowen (reigned 467–499 AD) implemented a drastic policy of sinicization, ordering his own people to adopt Chinese surnames. The Moluzhen (没路真)...

an empress, including accusing her of being against Emperor Xiaowen's Sinicization program. On Empress Xiaowenfei's part, although she was not prone to...

Austronesian substratum in formerly Austronesian territories that have been Sinicized after the Iron Age Han expansion is also another explanation for the correspondences...

(2015-04-03). ""On Practice" and "On Contradiction": The Inspiration behind the Sinicization of Marxist Philosophy". Social Sciences in China. 36 (2). China Social...

Humaneness Humanistic Buddhism Meritocracy Republic of China independence Sinicization Status quo (since 1992) Three Principles of the People Zhonghua minzu...

Hokkaido Lamey Island Massacre Papua conflict Manchukuo Ryukyu Disposition Sinicization of Tibet Sōshi-kaimei Vietnamese conquest of Champa East Timor genocide...

PINPoints, N° 42, 2016. Modernization with Chinese Characteristics: Sinicizing an Alien Model (with R. Cremer) Quarterly Journal of Chinese Studies....

be distributed accordingly. Emperor Xiaowen implemented a policy of sinicization, intending to centralize the government and make the multi-ethnic state...

Islam Human rights Chinese settlements Cultural repression Labour camps Sinicization Social classes Tibetan people Changpa Yolmo Diaspora Names Culture Art...

of the khaganate. The inhabitants of the new territory did not become sinicized like many of the other kingdoms and tribes conquered by the Tang. Tang...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

emigration The Unparalleled Invasion Japanese nationalism Minzoku De-Sinicization By persecutor Adriaan Valckenier Andrew Jackson Bryant Denis Kearney...

programs in pastoral education. Fujian Theological Seminary adheres to Sinicization of Christianity, and aims to produce pastoral talents who love both the...

易仲芳Yi Zhongfang. "南开经济研究所"学术中国化"研究（1927-1949年）" [Research on "Academic Sinicization" at Nankai Institute of Economics (1927-1949)]. 华中师范大学 (in Chinese)....

the Universe and Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation as examples of sinicized variations of Mani's tradition of using a Book of Pictures as a method...