SN 2009dc

SN 2009dc
Event typeSupernova
Type Ia
DateApril 9, 2009[1]
InstrumentPuckett Observatory[1]
ConstellationCorona Borealis
Right ascension15h 51m 12.12s[2]
Declination+25° 42′ 28.0″[2]
EpochJ2000.0
Distance307.7 ± 7.0 Mly (94.33 ± 2.14 Mpc)[3]
HostUGC 10063/UGC 10064[4]
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SN 2009dc was a Type Ia supernova[5] eruption in the vicinity of galaxy UGC 10064, which is situated in the constellation of Corona Borealis. This lenticular galaxy is located at an estimated distance of 308 million light-years (94 Mpc) from the Milky Way.[3] The event was brighter than normal for a supernova of this class, so it is considered a super-Chandra candidate Type Ia supernova. That is, the progenitor system had a mass greater than the Chandrasekhar limit for a solitary white dwarf.[6]

Observations

This event was reported during April 2009 by T. D. Puckett and associates as part of the Puckett Observatory Supernova Search. The outburst was first recorded on April 9 at an apparent visual magnitude of 16.5. It was located at an offset of 15.8″ west and 20.8″ north of the UGC 10064 galaxy center. Earlier images taken on March 21 showed nothing at this position.[1] A spectrum showed this to be a Type Ia supernova event with an expansion velocity of 8,700 km/s.[5]

Further observation showed the supernova to be extremely luminous, with an absolute magnitude of at least –19.90±0.15. The evolution of the resulting light curve was one of the slowest ever observed. The early spectra showed a prominent carbon feature. All three observations were similar to the super-Chandrasekhar candidate SN 2006gz. However, unlike SN 2006gz, it had an unusually low expansion rate. The spectra suggested a massive layer of unfused carbon and oxygen in the ejecta. Estimates for the expelled 56Ni were 1.2±0.3 M☉ to 1.6±0.4 M☉, depending on the level of extinction due to dust in the host galaxy. These results suggested a Type Ia supernova from a super-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf.[7]

Spectropolarimetric measurements showed the continuum polarization was small, indicating that the explosion had been close to spherically symmetric.[8] Explosion models of this supernova suggested the progenitor white dwarf had a mass of 2.2–2.4 M☉.[9] Several models have been proposed to explain the data, including a rapidly rotating super-Chandra white dwarf, a double white dwarf merger, and a merger between a white dwarf and a donor star that has lost part of its envelope.[10]

References

  1. ^ a b c Puckett, T.; et al. (April 2009), Green, D. W. E. (ed.), "Supernova 2009dc in UGC 10064", Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams, 1762: 1, Bibcode:2009CBET.1762....1P.
  2. ^ a b Friedman, Andrew S.; et al. (October 2004), "CfAIR2: Near-infrared Light Curves of 94 Type Ia Supernovae", The Astrophysical Journal, 613 (2): 1120–1132, arXiv:astro-ph/0105490, Bibcode:2004ApJ...613.1120G, doi:10.1086/422986.
  3. ^ a b Bradford, Jeremy D.; et al. (August 2015), "A Study in Blue: The Baryon Content of Isolated Low-mass Galaxies", The Astrophysical Journal, 809 (2), id. 146, arXiv:1505.04819, Bibcode:2015ApJ...809..146B, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/2/146.
  4. ^ Taubenberger, S.; et al. (April 2011), "High luminosity, slow ejecta and persistent carbon lines: SN 2009dc challenges thermonuclear explosion scenarios", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 412 (4): 2735–2762, arXiv:1011.5665, Bibcode:2011MNRAS.412.2735T, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18107.x.
  5. ^ a b Harutyunyan, A.; et al. (April 2009), Green, D. W. E. (ed.), "Supernova 2009dc in UGC 10064", Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams, 1768: 1, Bibcode:2009CBET.1768....1H.
  6. ^ Parrent, Jerod T.; et al. (January 2013), Photometric and Spectroscopic Observations of SN 2012dn, a Super-Chandra Candidate Type-Ia Supernova, AAS Meeting #221, American Astronomical Society, id. 444.01, Bibcode:2013AAS...22144401P.
  7. ^ Yamanaka, M.; et al. (December 2009), "Early Phase Observations of Extremely Luminous Type Ia Supernova 2009dc", The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 707 (2): L118–L122, arXiv:0908.2059, Bibcode:2009ApJ...707L.118Y, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/L118.
  8. ^ Tanaka, Masaomi; et al. (May 2010), "Spectropolarimetry of Extremely Luminous Type Ia Supernova 2009dc: Nearly Spherical Explosion of Super-Chandrasekhar Mass White Dwarf", The Astrophysical Journal, 714 (2): 1209–1216, arXiv:0908.2057, Bibcode:2010ApJ...714.1209T, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/714/2/1209.
  9. ^ Kamiya, Yasuomi; et al. (September 2012), "Super-Chandrasekhar-mass Light Curve Models for the Highly Luminous Type Ia Supernova 2009dc", The Astrophysical Journal, 756 (2), id. 191, arXiv:1207.4648, Bibcode:2012ApJ...756..191K, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/191.
  10. ^ Hachinger, Stephan; et al. (December 2012), "Spectral modelling of the 'super-Chandrasekhar' Type Ia SN 2009dc - testing a 2 M☉ white dwarf explosion model and alternatives", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 427 (3): 2057–2078, arXiv:1209.1339, Bibcode:2012MNRAS.427.2057H, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22068.x.

Further reading

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