DOSEN PROFIL LENGKAP

Workers' International (French: Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO) was a major social democratic political party in France which was founded...

David G.; Vo, Kiem-Phong (2000). Extended Formatting with Sfio. Proc. Summer USENIX Conf. "sfio Software Download Package List". Archived from the original...

SFIO may stand for: French Section of the Workers' International (Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière), a former French Socialist Party Serious...

1969 from a merger of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the Convention of Republican Institutions led by François Mitterrand, and...

movements in France, including the French Communist Party (PCF), the socialist SFIO and the Radical-Socialist Republican Party, during the interwar period. Three...

Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), he led a breakaway group of right-wing Neosocialists out of the SFIO in 1933. During the occupation of France...

Dordogne, Lot-et-Garonne) The Radicals lost votes to the SFIO and SFIC, but also to the right. The SFIO declined slightly. In working-class suburbs, the party...

which included socialists (French Section of the Workers' International, SFIO) and Communists (French Communist Party, PCF). This Three-parties alliance...

Radical-Socialist Party and the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), created in 1905 as a merger of various Marxist parties. In the aftermaths...

The Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) is a statutory agency in India tasked with investigating corporate fraud. It operates under the Ministry...

revisionist tendencies in the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). During the 1930s, the faction gradually distanced itself from revolutionary...

politician. He led the socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) from 1946 to 1969 and was the French Prime Minister from 1956 to 1957. As...

1920 Tours Congress of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the 21 conditions were rejected although the majority, led by Fernand Loriot...

founding member in 1905 and Secretary-General of the French Socialist Party (SFIO) from 1918 to 1920, as well as a founding member and Secretary-General of...

Communist Party (PCF), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the Christian democratic Popular Republican Movement (MRP). It advocated...

with the emergence of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905, they shifted gradually towards the centre. In 1926, its right-wing...

Communist Party (PCF), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, socialist party) and the Popular Republican Movement (MRP) Christian democratic...

other hand, the refusal of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), then in crisis, to discuss the question of the Bolshevism. To preserve...

Communist Party (PCF), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the Popular Republican Movement (MRP), respectively. The official charter...

joined the faction of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) led by Léon Blum, which opposed affiliation to the Comintern in 1920, as...

parties merged in 1905 into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). An antimilitarist, he was assassinated in 1914 at the outbreak of World...

and media reports as politically motivated. In April 2025, responding to SFIO allegations that his daughter had received ₹2.7 crore from CMRL without providing...

Communist Party (PCF), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, socialist party) and the Christian democratic Popular Republican Movement...

l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO). Ultimately only the French Communist Party (Parti communiste français, PCF) and the socialist SFIO supported the draft constitution...

role in the Resistance, the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, socialist party) and the Christian democratic Popular Republican Movement...

French daily newspaper. It was previously a de facto organisation of the SFIO, and thereafter of the French Communist Party (PCF), to which it still maintains...

1947 to 1954. A member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), he was the first president elected under the Fourth Republic. His presidential...

of the Workers' International (SFIO) party to set up the French Section of the Communist International (SFIC). The SFIO had been divided over support for...

1975) was a French socialist politician. He was one of the leaders of the SFIO and of the Bataille Socialiste tendency on the left of the party during the...

socialists who refused to join the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) after its foundation in 1905, and by independent Radicals who refused to...

French middle-class centre-left (not to be confused with the mainstream SFIO, often called the Socialist Party). He married Lili Cicurel, the niece of...

as a fusion of three small parties situated between the Marxist-socialist SFIO and the Radical PRRRS. It represented the consolidation into one single party...

Minister of the Interior – SFIO Georges Bonnet – Minister of Finance – Radical Socialist Party André Février – Minister of Labour – SFIO Vincent Auriol – Minister...

French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). The PSdF was formed by neosocialist members of the SFIO expelled from the party in 1933. These included...

(1947–1958) which gathered the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) party, the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR), the...

Political parties   Independent   Socialist (SFIO)   Centre-right (MRP) Political parties   Socialist (SFIO)   Centre-right (CNIP) Political parties   Centre-left...

1934, it joined the SFIO as an organized tendency, forming the "Bolshevik-Leninist group" (BL), which was expelled at the SFIO Congress in Mulhouse in...

April 1940) was a French neurologist and political journalist close to the SFIO. After finishing medical school, he served as an interne (1878), working...

Radical-Socialist Party, the socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), and other smaller left-republican parties that formed on two occasions...

18th National Congress of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) which took place in Tours on 25–30 December 1920. During the Congress, the...

1941 by former members of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) of the neosocialist tendency and led by Marcel Déat, the party was heavily...

reorganize the underground French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and coordinate socialist resistance against the German occupation and the...

Workers' International (SFIO) in 1919 and was imprisoned several times for his political activism. After the 1920 split in the SFIO led to the formation...

Communist Party (PCF), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the Gaullist movement. Employers conceived the RGR as such until at...

that was expelled from the Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO), and named itself Gauche Révolutionnaire ("Revolutionary Left"). Alongside...

India. Chidambaram in turn requested the Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) to look into the allegations of financial impropriety. In February 2008...

Socialist Party to form the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). Marcel Cachin, who would lead the split in 1920 which led to the creation...

1901 – 1 March 1981) was a French politician. Initially a member of the SFIO and the French Socialist Party before World War II, he later became a left-wing...

the Workers' International (SFIO) and, briefly, of the Socialist Party (PS). Le Populaire was founded in 1918. When SFIO split at the 1920 Tours Congress...

Workers' International (SFIO, later formed the Socialist Party) to present a candidate with a common programme, but the SFIO refused. The Left was severely...

Workers' International (SFIO, socialist party), Guy Mollet. In his municipality, Defferre led a coalition composed of the SFIO, the Radical Party, and...

the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). The expulsion involved an address to the SFIO in which he emphasized order and authority as necessary...

Algeria. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the Constituent Assembly elected in 1945, in the Constituent Assembly...

French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) party, which had left due to the repressive policy of the SFIO Prime Minister Guy Mollet during the Algerian...

one of the leaders of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) between the two world wars. He was a minister of state under Camille Chautemps's...

(SFIO), and he remained committed to his pacifist convictions during the First World War. After his defeat in the 1919 election, Laval left the SFIO and...

French Trotskyists into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, the contemporary name of the French Socialist Party). The French Turn was...

to the pledge made by the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), internationalism, and its former leader Jean Jaurès not to enter any "bourgeois...

Bourg – 9 June 1940, in Évergnicourt) was a French Socialist, member of the SFIO, named secretary of State in the Popular Front government of Léon Blum. As...

6, 1934, riots and even more the formation of the Popular Front, led by SFIO socialist leader Léon Blum, which won the elections in 1936. Ultra-nationalist...

Frachon for the CGT, Marx Dormoy (SFIO) as under-secretary of state to the President of the Council, Jean-Baptiste Lebas (SFIO, Minister of Labour), had started...

French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). It was founded in September 1958 in reaction against the SFIO stance on the Algerian War and its acceptance...

  PCF   SFIO   PRRRS / PR   Miscellaneous   RGR   MRP   CNIP   PRL   RPF / CNRS / UNR   UFF [fr] 1945 159 146 60 6 151 64 June 1946 151 127 31 9 166 61...

movement, and around this time Rassinier joined the SFIO. He became Secretary of Federation SFIO for the Territory of Belfort, and revived a moribund...

to the left wing of the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO). Its members were known in France as pupistes, and one of its notable leaders...

Issy-les-Moulineaux. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the National Assembly from 1956 to 1958. http://www.assemblee-nationale...

politician. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the Chamber of Deputies from 1936 to 1940. On 10 July 1940, he voted...

International (SFIO). An associate of Albert Bedouce, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1933 to 1940. In 1945, having been excluded from the SFIO, he...

as representative of the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO) to the French National Assembly from the Allier département. A member of...

1973 to 2002. He joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and founded the Center for Socialist Studies, Research and Education (Centre...

Guèye, as a split from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). Guèye was the party president, Armand Angrand (former mayor of Dakar) general...

(Radical-Socialist Party, French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, socialist party) and Communist Party) which led to the Popular Front in...

into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. Aubriot represented the SFIO in the Chamber of Deputies from 1910 to 1919 and the...

principal socialist parties, the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), and served both as a mayor and as a member of the French Chamber of Deputies...

loss to the company and its creditors. The SFIO was granted custody of Sankaran till 4 April. The initial SFIO probe revealed that there were major lapses...

Nevertheless, a whole section of the left, from the Radical Socialists to the SFIO, opposed it, in the name of antimilitarism and diplomatic negotiations with...

co-founder of the unified French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. He was a deputy in the National Assembly of the Third French Republic...

on the NSEL case. Agencies including the Economic Offence Wing-Mumbai and SFIO have found the top 5 brokers including Motilal Oswal guilty of misselling...

In 1905, he joined the new French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and won election to the Chamber of Deputies representing the Seine in 1914...

in Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algeria. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the National Assembly from 1958 to 1962. [1]...

Chamber of Deputies Gironde SFIO Vincent Auriol Chamber of Deputies Haute-Garonne SFIO Alexandre Bachelet Senate Seine SFIO Vincent Badie Chamber of Deputies...

Party of Germany (USPD), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the Independent Labour Party (ILP), the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland...

from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). One month after the split from SFIO, Senghor associated himself with the Indépendants d'Outre-Mer...

of the Workers' International (SFIO). The party was an early social democratic party, as opposed to the Marxist SFIO. The party was weak and merged with...

politician and a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and president of the Ligue des droits de l'homme (LDH, Human Rights League)...

consisted of the local branch of French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the Senegalese Socialist Party, the local Communist cell, the Human Rights...

1919 Independent Siméon Flaissières [fr] 1919 1931 SFIO Simon Sabiani 1931 1931 Independent Georges Ribot [fr] 1931 1935 RAD Henri Tasso 1935 1939 SFIO...

Mendès-France, it gathered the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the Radical Party, the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance...

by Leninist members of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) who supported the Bolsheviks in the 1917 Russian Revolution. It became a...

politician who was a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). Félix Gouin was born in Peypin, Bouches-du-Rhône, the son of school teachers...

vice-president, Louis Castellaz [fr], was a former communist who had joined the SFIO (French Section of the Workers' International) in 1936. Trochu was removed...

the founding factions of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), which was founded in 1905. The POSR was founded by a dissidence from the...

the end, following the creation of the SFIO, the name was used to refer to those who did not wish to join the SFIO. A number of those people later joined...

the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) Extraordinary National Congress of the SFIO, March 1946 Logo of the General Jewish Labour Bund...

the Communist preponderance over the French left. It was composed of: the SFIO Socialist party led by Guy Mollet the Radical Party headed by René Billères...

the Socialist Party (PS), at the time of its transformation from the prior SFIO at the Alfortville Congress (May 1969) and of its enlargement to the rest...

Commune, sparked a debate in the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and in the Second International about the participation of socialists in...

Front was composed of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, socialist party) of Guy Mollet, the Radical Party of Pierre Mendès-France...

first with the election of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). After the Second World War, the Marseillais right, linked to the underworld...

Workers' International (SFIO), the French socialist party, he was one of the editors of the Cri populaire de l'Oise, newspaper of the SFIO in the Oise département...

had joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) group, and the French SFIO government aided the construction of the PSD. The party campaigned...

the founding factions of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), founded in 1905. The PSR was the new name given, in 1898, to the Central...

result in the 1969 presidential election, the SFIO was replaced by the Socialist Party (PS), formed by the SFIO's merger with an array of political clubs on...

A lawyer and member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), Defferre was involved in the Brutus Network, a Resistance Socialist group...

because of this vote, Garchery was excluded from the SFIO in November 1944, along with a number of other SFIO politicians. In 1945 he joined the newly founded...

derailed by the rebirth of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the emergence of the new Christian-Democratic party Popular Republican...

politician. He belonged to the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1906 to 1914. "Base de...

accused of various irregularities on NSEL. Agencies including EOW-Mumbai and SFIO have found the top 5 brokers including IIFL guilty of misselling NSEL contracts...

1937 Radical Léon Blum (1st) 3rd Chautemps 23 June 1937 14 January 1938 SFIO Édouard Daladier (2nd–3rd) Minister of National Defence and War 4th Chautemps...

following a meeting of the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO) federations of Cameroon, Chad, the French Congo (now the Republic of the...

Algeria. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the Constituent Assembly elected in 1945, in the Constituent Assembly...

Limoges. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the Chamber of Deputies from 1932 to 1940. On 10 July 1940 he voted in...

(president), André Mutter, Henri Ribière (Libération-Nord), Daniel Mayer (SFIO), Jean-Pierre Lévy (Franc-Tireur), Paul Bastid (PR), Auguste Gillot (PCF)...

de Guerre. He joined the Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO) at age 20, being influenced by the ideas of Jean Jaurès and Jean Longuet;...

Movement, MRP), Guy Mollet (French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), Louis Jacquinot (National Center of Independents and Peasants, CNIP) and...

French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) became distended. Indeed, if Bergeron was an SFIO member for a short period, he was also a hardcore...

1971) was a French politician, lawyer, journalist. He was a member of the SFIO party. He served as Mayor of Nice from 1945 to 1947. He was elected mayor...

He began his career in the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in Vienne, and, by the time of World War I, was serving under Albert Thomas...

In addition, the larger parliamentary parties, including the socialist SFIO, centre-left PRRRS, centre-right ARD and conservative FR all included a greater...

launched in March 1936. L'Avenir was the organ of the Vietnamese branch of SFIO. The staff of l'Avenir included Võ Nguyên Giáp, Phan Anh, Dang Thai Mai,...

forces. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the National Assembly from 1951 to 1971 and was the mayor of Tulle from...

had been excluded from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) who would later be a collaborationist), Bertrand de Jouvenel (co-founder...

negotiating for a compromise. In 2012, the Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) filed a charge sheet against twelve accused including Adani for cheating...

independent umbrella institution, so as to bring various agencies like the CBI, SFIO, ED, etc. under one roof. This body is required to be created under a statute...

15 June 1940) was a French politician, teacher, and activist. A member of SFIO, he was elected in 1936 to represent Gers's 1st constituency in the National...

the Companies Act and Indian Penal Code. A brief executive summary of the SFIO report is now available in the public domain. The company has denied the...

Socialist Communist Union but left it shortly after, becoming closer to the SFIO and supporting the Cartel des Gauches. By 1930, he was attacked by Stalinist...

(Antoine and Barthélémy, nicknamed "Mémé") sided with the anti-communist SFIO faction within the French Resistance. In 1947, Marseille was the main trading...

Party of Guinea 346,716 61.70 2 African Bloc of Guinea 146,543 26.08 1 DSG–SFIO 55,385 9.86 0 Forest Independent List of Social and Economic Action 13,303...

was a French politician. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the National Assembly from 1956 to 1958. [1] v t e...

Socialist party at the time, the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), and studied at the École nationale d'administration (ENA), after which...

neo-socialist excluded from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and then collaborationist, Bertrand de Jouvenel, co-founder of the liberal...

other socialist members of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), from the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Southern Zone, and led by Félix...

Bouches-du-Rhône were split into two districts to minimise the influence of the SFIO, while Aveyron, Calvados, Loire-Inférieure, Maine-et-Loire and Basses-Pyrénées...

of the Brazilian War of Canudos. French socialist politician Léon Blum (SFIO), in 1934, used this sentence "Ils ne passeront pas !" against the Ligue's...

Communist Party (PCF) and the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), advocating instead for the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment...

Yacine Diallo General Secretary of the SFIO Guinean Branch Succeeded by Barry III (Socialist Democracy of Guinea) Personal details Born (1897-10-18)18...

the RGR join forces with the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), however some dissidents transformed the RGR into a full-fledged party and...

in 1925: it kept Bezons, Bobigny and Villetaneuse, took Saint-Denis from SFIO dissidents, and Clichy, Malakoff, Vitry-sur-Seine, Ivry-sur-Seine, Villejuif...

politician. She represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the National Assembly from 1951 to 1955. She was also mayor of Saint-Nazaire-de-Ladarez...

continuing to work as a metalworker. He joined a regional committee of the SFIO and became a leader in the Parisian Mechanics’ Trade Union, putting him into...

February 6, 1934 riots and even more the formation of the Popular Front, led by SFIO socialist leader Léon Blum, which won the elections in 1936. France's relatively...

Jun 1928 Gaston Veil SFIO 1928-1929 Adolphe Moitié 1929-1935 Léopold Cassegrain Radical Party 1935-1940 Auguste Pageot [fr] SFIO 24 Dec 1940 - 4 May 1941...

subject to since 1947. For the SFIO leader Guy Mollet, Mitterrand's candidacy prevented Gaston Defferre, his rival in the SFIO, from running for the presidency...

socialism. She joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. She was widowed in the First World War, and raised her child alone...

l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO, French Section of the Workers' International). He was a member of the executive committee of the SFIO. Laurent was absent from...

Nicod was a supporter of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO); he became the party's secretary for the department of Ain in 1912. That...

parties merged to form the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), based on the orthodox principles dictated by the Germans. The International's...

Resistance – while working at SNCF during World War II. A member of the socialist SFIO and of the trade unions confederation Workers Force, he joined the staff...

the group; however, the impact of this split was ultimately limited as the SFIO was able to ensure the survival of the socialist group in the Senate. The...

1921 he enlisted in the police as well as the French Social-Democrat Party (SFIO). He was dismissed from the police in 1942 due to his activities in the French...

deputation) Enforcement Directorate (ED) Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) Central Bureau of Narcotics (CBN) Financial Intelligence Unit – India (FIU-IND)...

of the SFIO in 1947, turned it into a new political party Mouvement socialiste unitaire et démocratique and was eventually excluded from the SFIO in 1948...

This project failed. The French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) was refounded and people from the Christian resistance movement founded...

the Guinean affiliate of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). Barry III was the candidate of the party in the election. Barry III came...

at the Conseil d'État in 1957, specializing in public law. He joined the SFIO in 1944 and had his first political experience in 1946 as an attaché in the...

French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. From 1914 to 1919 Barabant represented the SFIO in the Chamber of Deputies. In 1919 he was not...

Guiana who belonged to the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and served and represented Guadeloupe in the French National Assembly from...

The Radical Party and the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) entered the government, with the socialist leader Guy Mollet being Minister...

political camp, particularly by Pierre Mendès France and the members of the SFIO, to the point of leading to the expulsion of Edgar Faure from the Radical...

Fédération socialiste d'Algérie) was the branch of the French Socialist Party (SFIO) in Algeria. The Federation was founded in 1908. Oran socialiste Gallissot...

1936 Sarraut II Marc Rucart 4 June 1936 22 June 1937 Blum I Vincent Auriol SFIO 22 June 1937 18 January 1938 Chautemps III César Campinchi PRRRS 18 January...

electoral law (apparentements), created to favor the Third Force coalition (MRP, SFIO, RGR etc.) over the anti-Fourth Republic parties (RPF and the Communists)...

following the breakaway from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). In February 1957 PSAS absorbed the African Democratic Rally of Abbas Gueye...

politician. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the National Assembly from 1951 to 1955. "Léon JEAN". Assemblée Nationale...

secularists, Republicans and French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) activists. In 1940, Antoine Gouze refused to list the Jewish students and...

Thọ was also a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and a participant in the Vietnamese fight for independence. He joined the...

represented the survivors of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) who denounced the hegemony of Mitterrand's supporters in the party. Jean-Pierre...

Leadership President Vincent Auriol, SFIO (1946–1947) Édouard Herriot, PRRS (1947–1954) André Le Troquer, SFIO (1954–1955; 1956–1958) Pierre Schneiter...

André Philip (28 June 1902 – 5 July 1970) was a French politician of the SFIO who served in 1942 as Interior Minister under the Free French provisional...

manipulations. Serious Fraud Investigation Office and Income Tax Department: SFIO initiated corporate fraud probes; IT filed Black Money Act cases. The Sandesara...

Retrieved 20 February 2017. "NCLT order" (PDF). Retrieved 20 February 2017. "SFIO to probe Jaiprakash Associates, Jaypee Infratech for financial irregularities"...

which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. Bedouce was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1906 to 1919...

as the French delegate to the league. Turning to Socialism, he joined the SFIO in 1916. Paul-Boncour left the socialist party in 1931 because he considered...

Communist League and join the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), and that the Communist League dissolve its youth section in order to join...

MSUS) was a splinter group of French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in Senegal. MSUS appeared in 1956 and merged into the Senegalese Popular...

by Aristide Briand (SI) Émile Combes (PRRRS) Jean Jaurès (SFIO) Francis de Pressensé (SFIO) Passed 3 July 1905 Voting summary 341 voted for 233 voted...

antimilitarist movement. He joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). in 1916 and began contributing to publications of the antiwar socialist...

politics. In 1929 he joined the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO), the main socialist party adhered to the LDH and LICA league, and joined...

question the existence of private property. In the "Yes" coalition, the SFIO refused the Communist proposition of a common campaign. The draft Constitution...

which would be affiliated with the SFIO. However, the attempt failed, and although Tchicaya did sit with the SFIO, d'Arboussier joined the MUR. Dolf Sternberger...

member of the French Section of the Workers' International (Socialist Party, SFIO) he was deputy for Saint-Pierre et Miquelon throughout most of the Fourth...

Savary (also a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO)), and the Communist Party. The philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, a noted atheist...

Bloc National won forty-seven seats, against twenty socialists from the SFIO, three independent socialists, three radicals and seven conservatives. The...

Versailles. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the Chamber of Deputies from 1936 to 1940. On 10 July 1940 he voted in...

Workers' International (Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO). Landauer, Carl, "The Origin of Socialist Reformism in France"; International...

International (Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière, SFIO). In 1914, he denounced the SFIO's acceptance of the First World War. An early Zimmerwaldian...

systems, similar to the later Cygwin. Korn and Kiem-Phong Vo also co-developed sfio, a C library for managing I/O streams. Korn became a Bell Labs fellow in...

then unified in 1905 in the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the French section of the Second International. Guesde, nevertheless, continued...

Party Votes % Seats UDDIA–UMC 125,083 43.87 22 MSA–PPC–SFIO–UDSR–RPF 124,720 43.74 23 Congolese Progressive Party 30,121 10.56 0 Movement for the Social...

Confederation of Labour (CGT). Inside French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), Lafont belonged to the insurrectionary syndicalist and anti-parliamentary...

Libération-Nord, Raymond Guyot of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), and "Maurice", the alias of a member of the National Front. Bertin would...

companies out of poor people's money. The Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) has arrested founders of Adarsh Credit Cooperative Society, Mukesh Modi...

française de 1906 gauche majoritaire 1906 Radicaux socialiste et indépendants SFIO républicain gauche socialiste indépendants". 15 February 2013. Archived from...

Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) to influence the party's political direction, particularly after the SFIO adopted a united front strategy with...

1910 1912 SFIO Jean-Baptiste-Amable Chanot [fr] 1912 1914 FR Eugène Pierre [fr] 1914 1919 Independent Siméon Flaissières [fr] 1919 1931 SFIO Simon Sabiani...

Châtenay-Malabry, Hauts-de-Seine, France Other name "Péric" Political party SFIO Spouse Simone Lejas ​ ​ (m. 1935; died 1998)​ Education Education University...

1934, Léon Blum's socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) signed a pact of united action with the French Communist Party. By October...

Biollet. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the Chamber of Deputies from 1935 to 1940. On 10 July 1940 he voted in...

Flaissières to be re-elected mayor of Marseille against Henri Tasso and the SFIO. Ferri-Pisani joined the latter. In October 1931, he stood in the cantonal...

1905 he was among the founding members of the Seine-et-Marne branch of the SFIO, the French socialist party. In 1911 he became secretary of the trades union...

1946 to 1951, and then the Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO) from 1951 onwards. In 1957, Guy Mollet made him an Ambassador to Algeria...

Republican Democratic Party 49.48% 56.23%   Jules Pams Radical Party 37.72% 34.46%   Édouard Vaillant Socialist (SFIO) 7.27% 8.03%   Others 5.54% 1.28%...

which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. Groussier was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1893 to...

Communist Party, the Socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the Christian democratic MRP were the largest forces represented in...

SPD (1910–1917, 1922–1933) USPD (1917–1922) Other political affiliations SFIO (1910–1914) Occupation Politician Journalist Trade Unionist Women's Rights...

Jean Longuet, a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), criticised it, calling it "vague Sovietic chitchat" ("vague parlotte soviétique")...

Philippe Pfersdorff January 1919 April 1919 25 Jacques Peirotes 1919 1929 SFIO 26 Charles Hueber 1929 1935 PCF 27 Charles Frey [fr] 1935 1940 Radical-Socialist...

especially the formation of the Popular Front, led by the leader of the socialist SFIO, Léon Blum, who won the 1936 elections. The sour economic mood after 1932...

International (French: Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière or SFIO). This split meant that each party needed to court African deputies to the...

Socialist Students in 1931, later on the Young Socialists and finally to the SFIO . He soon became a leader of the Socialist Youth, in which he led a trend...

Congress and the creation of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). The convinced pacifist was deeply shocked by the outbreak of war in 1914...

the founder members of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), a socialist party uniting revolutionary and reformist groups. Vaillant...

Socialist Party (PSOP) (from 1935 as Revolutionary Left a faction of the SFIO) Germany - Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD) (from 1932 until 1938)...

Domenech UNR 1962 Claude Delorme SFIO Marcel Massot Radical 1967 Claude Delorme SFIO Marcel Massot Radical 1968 Claude Delorme SFIO Marcel Massot Radical 1973...

the movement led by his friend Raymond Molinier that remained inside the SFIO after the majority followed Trotsky's advice to leave. Frank and his co-thinkers...

which in contrast to the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) or the French Communist Party (PCF), never became a mass political party...

Political parties   Independent   Socialist (SFIO)   Centre-right (MRP) Political parties   Socialist (SFIO)   Centre-right (CNIP) Political parties   Centre-left...

Workers' International (SFIO). In 1945 she was elected to the council of Lille Sud-Est canton. She was subsequently an SFIO candidate in Nord department...

early 1920s she joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). In 1932 Léo was elected to the National Assembly, and was re-elected in...

Federation), Jean Jaurès' French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) organized a pacifist demonstration against the Loi des Trois ans [fr] (Three...

unionist. In 1952, he joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and then became a municipal councilor in Auzat from 1959 to 1965. He was...

was introduced in France in July 1952 under Vincent Auriol's presidency (SFIO) and Antoine Pinay's government (CNIP). It was removed in 1982 as Jacques...

organization inside the SFIO and built a base among the party's youth section, continuing their activity until popular front action between the SFIO and the mainline...

the African Division of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), which had given enormous financial support to the social movement. With...

48°50′46″N 2°20′45″E / 48.84611°N 2.34583°E / 48.84611; 2.34583 Party SFIO Spouse Eugénie Éboué-Tell (1889–1971) Relations Léopold Sédar Senghor (son-in-law)...

cheating cases". "SEBI confirms Heera Gold is a Ponzi scheme, says EOW, ED and SFIO probing the MLM". Moneylife NEWS & VIEWS. media, news and. "Heera Group director...

José Toribio, who also became the new PSG's president. his son Other former SFIO office holders acted similarly in Metropolitan France at the same time, and...

Movement (MRP) when writing the Constitution of the Fourth Republic, since the SFIO (socialist) and PCF (communist) deputies had declared themselves hostile...

of the alliance's socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) party increasingly emphasized patriotism. The PCF were characterized as...

politician. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) from 1910 to 1933, the Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union from...

politician. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the Constituent Assembly elected in 1945, in the National Assembly from...

Third party   Leader Joseph Caillaux Jean Jaurès Alexandre Ribot Party PRV SFIO Republican Federation Seats won 140 103 96 Seat change 8 28 20 Popular vote...

elected with the support of French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR). However, on...

Clément Chausson Communist 1949–1959 Jean Massoulier 1959–1971 Jean Montalat SFIO, Socialist 1971–1977 Georges Mouly Rally for the Republic 1977–1995 Jean...

communist organisation in Senegal. Later Roche left the party and joined the SFIO. Keller, Kathleen (2008). "On the Fringes of the "Civilizing Mission": "Suspicious...

reconstruction, economic activity resumed quickly. Cherbourg, headed by former SFIO Minister René Schmitt [fr], built much social housing. The postwar boom led...

activists in the left wing of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) to moderate...

Guadeloupe. Travailleur socialiste was founded in 1934. It was an organ of SFIO. As of 1937, Paul Valentin was the political director of the publication...

which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. Pastre was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1898 to 1910...

which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1909 to 1932. A...

Mayer and the clandestine French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, socialist party), the Libération-sud group grew rapidly. In 1942 Emmanuel...

secretary of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), Guy Mollet. In general, the SFIO supported the colonial wars during the Fourth Republic...

even more so, the formation of the Popular Front, led by the socialist SFIO and its leader, Léon Blum, who won the 1936 elections. Like the United Kingdom...

formed, under the leadership of Marc Jarblum, which was influential on the SFIO and its leader Leon Blum. By 1907, the party had 25,000 members in Russia...

Guianese federation of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). It is a separate party, not to be confused with the departmental federation...

l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO). Only the French Communist Party (Parti communiste français, PCF) and the socialist SFIO supported the draft constitution...

which were under the leadership of Minister of the Interior Jules Moch (SFIO). The strikes began on 25 April 1947 at the Renault factory at Boulogne-Billancourt...

Upon the confession of the Self-Taught Man as to being a member of the S.F.I.O., a French Socialist party, Roquentin quickly engages him in a Socratic...

Mayoux joined the socialist Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO). At the start of World War I (1914–18) many teachers were mobilized and...

Barbusse Le Feu and deeply affected by his experience of war, he joined the SFIO in 1918, which was only accepted in 1919, after the war, due to “the request...

well as the majority of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, or Socialist Party). Notable opposing forces were the French Communist Party...

List of successive presidents Period Name Party 1945 1946 Jean Bouhey SFIO 1951 1961 Robert Kuhn DVD 1951 1966 Marcel Roclore CNIP 1966 1975 Jean Veillet...

monograph on the life and ideas of Jean Jaurès, the recently assassinated SFIO leader. In tandem, Streitman was also the staff writer for Naționalul newspaper...

members Ministers: 14 Undersecretaries of State: 8 Member parties PRS-PRRRS–AD–SFIO–RI-FR-ALP Status in legislature Majority 601 / 601 (100%) History Election...

government. Félix Éboué died on May 17, 1944, in Cairo (Egypt). She joined the SFIO in 1944. She was appointed delegate to the Provisional Consultative Assembly...

August 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2024. PTI. "Kerala HC declines to stay SFIO probe against CM's daughter's firm, KSIDC & CMRL". Deccan Herald. Retrieved...

Electoral Alliance 1912 1947 Justin Archimède RR 1947 1970 Pierre Monnerville SFIO → FGPS (Fédération guadeloupéenne du Parti socialiste) 1970 1973 Marie-Émile...

List of successive presidents Period Name Party 1945 1951 Max Hymans SFIO 1951 1975 Vincent Rotinat PR 1975 1979 André Gasnier MRG 1979 1985 André Laignel...

Left (FGDS), composed of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, socialist party), the Radical Party and several left-wing republican clubs...

November 1945 was met by a warship bombarding the city. Paul Ramadier's (SFIO) cabinet repressed the Malagasy Uprising in Madagascar in 1947. French officials...

of "tripartisme" with the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). Ramadier voted for the Marshall Plan. From 1956 to 1957, Ramadier was Minister...

International (SFIO). Known as tripartisme, this alliance briefly lasted until the May 1947 crisis, with the expulsion from Paul Ramadier's SFIO government...

Revolutionaries: the SFIO founded by Jean Jaurès, Jules Guesde etc. Reformists: the Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party and non-SFIO socialists. Unlike...

scores in 1958, the Gaullist UDR realized mediocre scores. The MRP, radicals, SFIO, and Communists held their positions. History of French Local Elections v...

International (SFIO) (the socialist party). He definitively broke with the SFIO in his notable reply in the Chamber of Deputies to SFIO leader Jean Jaurès...

the fore. In Stuttgart, the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) suggested employing all possible means to prevent war, including demonstrations...

intellectual (as defined by the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). She is also remembered for her commitment to pacifism and feminism. While...

child. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the Constituent Assembly elected in 1945, in the Constituent Assembly...

French socialism united in the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). Vincent, K. Steven, Between Marxism and Anarchism: Benoit Malon and French...

strictly speaking, two major political forces in opposition. Indeed, the SFIO (then the FGDS) Socialists and the PCF Communists never stood down to help...

Socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). He remained a member of the SFIO for the rest of his life. In 1909 Sellier was elected to...

Party 1958 André Diligent MRP 1962 Pierre Herman UNR 1967 Jean Delvainquière SFIO 1968 Pierre Herman UDR 1973 Léonce Clérambeaux PS 1978 Alain Faugaret 1981...

round Runner-up 1958 Gabriel Domenech [fr] MRP 1962 Claude Delorme [fr] SFIO 1967 1968 PS 1973 1978 Pierre Girardot [fr] PCF 1981 André Bellon [fr] PS...

election) elected Maurice Gérard [fr] (SFIO), Jean Cazaban-Mazerolles (who became the AEF Federation secretary of SFIO in 1948), Stéphane Tchichelle (Congolese...

(1867-04-14)14 April 1867 Amiens, Somme, France Died 22 June 1940(1940-06-22) (aged 73) Mirebeau, Haute-Vienne, France Occupation Politician Political party SFIO...

1901. In 1906 he became assistant secretary for the local branch of the SFIO. In 1908 Lebas was elected to the municipal council of Roubaix. Then he came...

Workers' International in 1912, and remained affiliated with SFIO through the Tours Congress. SFIO formed the Popular Front, which nominated Worms-Germinal...

centre-left French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). A very critical article on the SFIO Interior Minister Jules Moch's harsh repression of the...

1932 SFIO Léon Martin 1932 1935 SFIO Paul Cocat 1935 1944 Miscellaneous right Frédéric Lafleur 1944 1945 French Resistance Léon Martin 1945 1947 SFIO Marius...

(Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière, SFIO). He tried to avoid the collapse of the SFIO at the 1920 Tours Congress, but the aftermath was...

Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière, SFIO). At the 1920 SFIO Tours Congress, he chose to remain in the ranks of the SFIO rather than leave with other members...

Legion of Honour. He was active by 1919 in the Tunisian branch of the SFIO. The SFIO split at the Tours Congress at the end of 1920, with the left faction...

Jauresin possibilists of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), or independent reformers of the Briand group. This leaves aside the constellation...

trade-union, close to the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and then to the French Socialist Party (PS), the CGT has maintained unofficial...

left-wing coalition of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the French Communist Party (PCF) won against the right-wing Popular...

Pézières a professor of letters at the collège in Perpignan. He joined the SFIO in 1924 and the following year was elected a municipal counsellor for Perpignan...

details Born (1897-08-05)5 August 1897 Died 20 July 1944(1944-07-20) (aged 46) Party PSF (1932-1935) USR (1935-1937) SFIO (1937-1944) Spouse Andrée Mayrisch...

hierarchy, nevertheless he became closer to the French Socialist Party (SFIO), an active political French party in the UN Trust Territory of the Cameroons...

Tunisian Federation of the SFIO. The newspaper was founded in March 1921 after the communists had split away from the SFIO and taken the publication l'Avenir...

Left), which included the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) socialist party, the Radical-Socialist Party, Force ouvrière (FO) trade...

France Occupations Teacher Director of a young girls association Activist SFIO President : la Ligue des droits de l'Homme Comité départemental de l'action...

French). 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2024. texte, Parti socialiste SFIO (France) Auteur du; texte, Parti socialiste (France) Fédération (Paris) Auteur...

mandate Deputy Party 1st 9 December 1958 9 October 1962 Amédée Mercier [fr] SFIO 2nd 6 December 1962 2 April 1967 Paul Barberot [fr] MRP 3rd 3 April 1967...

Election Member Party 1958 Jean Durroux SFIO 1962 Gilbert Faure 1967 FGDS 1968 1973 PS 1978 1981 Augustin Bonrepaux 1986 Proportional representation -...

Jean Jaurès was the leading figure in the French socialist movement, the SFIO (French Section of the Workers' International), and a celebrated figure in...

from a military coup.  France French Section of the Workers' International SFIO Founding member. Member in 1951–1969.  Georgia Union of Citizens of Georgia...

while the socialist party Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO) and the communist party opted for a separate demonstration. However, at...

Workers' International (French: Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO). Soon he was the party's main theoretician. It is possible that Blum's interest...

and an alliance between the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the main socialist party, and the French Communist Party. That resulted...

Exchange SFF – (i) Standard File Format sf&f – (i) Science fiction & fantasy SFIO (i) French Section of the Workers' International (former party) (i) Serious...

7 May 1953 Maurice Vast SFIO 7 May 1953 22 March 1959 Camille Goret SFIO Lawyer 22 March 1959 28 March 1971 Maurice Vast SFIO then DVG allied to the UNR...

Legion of Honour and the Croix de Guerre for his service. Sabiani joined the SFIO in 1919, and for a while the PCF. In 1923, he founded the "Parti d’action...

"Sidi Cheikh". He was appointed (di)rector of the Great Mosque of Paris by SFIO Prime Minister Guy Mollet in 1957, replacing Si Kaddour Benghabrit, and kept...

1905 the Socialist Party (Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière, SFIO) would not accept the GFS as a constituent organization, and it disappeared...

Jean-Baptiste Lebas May 1912 March 1915 SFIO Henri Thérin March 1915 October 1918 SFIO Jean-Baptiste Lebas October 1918 June 1940 SFIO Fleuris Vanherpe June 1940 August...

Election Member Party 1958 Raymond Gernez SFIO 1962 1967 FGDS 1968 PS 1973 Jacques Legendre UDR 1973 Claude Pringalle 1978 Jacques Legendre RPR 1978 Claude...

1920 Tours Congress of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), in parallel with the creation of the Communist Youth and of the PCF (named...

justice. He was involved in the unification of the French Socialist party (SFIO) in 1905. During the First World War, Camélinat moved increasingly to the...

among the third biggest of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) party and climbed quickly in the party. In 1966, he became the second most...

the separation of the communist majority (KIS) and the minority Socialist (SFIO), Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray became one of the first cities in France to elect...

transformation of the old French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) into the new PS. However, François Mitterrand's Convention of Republican...

Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and was elected to the town council in Talence in 1935. He stood as an SFIO candidate in the 1936 elections to...

included the democratic socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the French Communist Party (PCF) and the Catholic Popular Republican Movement...

seat, with the winners being French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) candidates Lamine Guèye and Léopold Sédar Senghor. Senegal and Mauritania...

been continuously controlled by the Socialist Party and its predecessor the SFIO since 1967. Official results of French elections from 1998: "Résultats électoraux...

enrolled in the new federation of school teachers and in the Socialist Party (SFIO). Brion never married, but around 1905–07 she had two children by a Russian...

Election Member Party 1958 Jean Montalat SFIO 1962 1967 FGDS 1968 1973 Pierre Pranchère PCF 1978 Jean-Pierre Bechter RPR 1981 Jean Combasteil PCF 1986...

36pp   Third party Fourth party   Leader Léon Blum Édouard Daladier Party SFIO PRV Leader's seat Aude Vaucluse Seats won 99 120 Seat change 5 19 Popular vote...

in India". Economic Times. 16 January 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2018. "SFIO names KPMG arm in Reebok chargesheet". The Indian Express. 29 September 2018...

reaching France, he joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). Aiyar returned to India and settled in Pondicherry where he published the...

successive general councillors Term Name Party Capacity 1964 1985 Frédéric Jalton SFIO then PS Deputy (1973–1978 & 1981–1995) European Deputy (1980–1981) Mayor...

which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. Cadenat was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1898 to 1919...

urging of moderates like the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the French Assembly. The PPN then split on the issue of connection to...

Workers' International in the last election, but had since gone on to leave the SFIO and form his own party, the Mauritanian Entente. The UPM was a conservative...

"Massive crackdown on Chinese shell companies in India, mastermind arrested by SFIO". Business Today. 11 September 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2023. "Crackdown...

in November 1933 from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, the socialist party) because of their revisionist stances and admiration...

and a founder member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), becoming secretary of its Épinettes branch. He planned to stand in local...

French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1924. Both U.S.-C. parliamentarians rejoined SFIO. The remaining U.S.-C. had around 1,000 members...

Meetu Jain (7 September 2015). "Muddy Waters Flow Through This Channel: SFIO investigates the many levels of fraud the Mukerjeas committed in NewsX"....

paysanne (CNP), a socialist-leaning underground union comprising mainly SFIO (socialist) and radical activists. In 1944, the CNP began publishing a newspaper...

after a short interim by Jean-Jacques Lopez. Louis Noguères (SFIO), 1945–1956 Jean Jacquet (SFIO then PS), 1956–1973 Léon-Jean Grégory (PS then Independent)...

Vichy regime. Among its editorial community members were Serge Moati, an SFIO activist, one of its editors-in-chief. La Justice was a supporter of the...

Reynaud's favour came from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) party. Given the significant support from the left and opposition from many...

marked a shift towards the French Section of the Workers' International's (SFIO) turn towards social democracy and participation in "bourgeois governments"...

social democratic party — the Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO) — and, while maintaining themselves as an organized faction in the broader...

Suzanne Lacore was a French politician representing the SFIO (French Section of the Workers' International). She was born on 30 May 1875 in Beyssac (Corrèze...

unification of the various French socialist groups in the French Socialist Party (SFIO). He also helped organise Jewish trade unionists in France. In 1914, most...

  PUP   PCF   SFIO   Far-Left / Radicals and Socialists / Radical Socialists   Republican Union   SI / PRS   Radical Left / Independent Radicals    Radical-Socialists...

Morariu, p. 32 (in Romanian) Mihai Rădulescu, "George Zlotescu. Un destin sfios și tragic", in Contemporanul, Issue 5/2008, p. 34 Roland Clark, Sfîntă tinerețe...

Party Votes % Seats +/– Senegalese Democratic Bloc 346,266 76.12 2 0 SFIO−MAC 101,732 22.36 0 0 Senegalese Democratic Union 6,888 1.51 0 New Total 454...

Election Member Party 1961 Jean Bène SFIO 1964 1967 1970 1973 PS 1976 1979 Gérard Saumade PS 1982 1985 1988 1992 1994 1998 André Vézinhet PS 2001 2004...

He was key figure in the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and a trade unionist in the Confédération générale du travail unitaire (CGTU)...

Hirsch was born in the 19th arrondissement of Paris in 1895 A member of the SFIO, he was appointed municipal councillor of Paris and general councillor of...

youth, he was a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and subsequent Socialist Party (PS) until 1992. His sister was lawyer and...

psychology. In 1931, Wallon joined the French socialist political party SFIO and became a member of the French Communist Party in 1942. In 1944 he was...

Workers' International (Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière, SFIO) and in 1908, he joined the newspaper L'Humanité, writing on the topic of...

Parmentier was born in Calais. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the National Assembly from 1956 to 1958. [1] v t e...

de-agată, Icoane pretutindeni și-aceeași în tot locul, În miile de candeli sfios clipește focul, Vibrarea de miresme te leagănă, te-mbată. Translation: I...

(1891-10-17)17 October 1891 Les Andelys, Normandy, France Died 4 January 1966(1966-01-04) (aged 74) Paris, France Party SFIO PCF RPF RS Spouse Jeanne Blum...

order to protect interest of genuine claimants. Considering this aspect, SFIO which is also investigating the case, has recently asked brokers and trading...

parties merged in 1905 as the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). In addition, 1901 saw the birth of the Republican Radical and Radical-Socialist...

Jean Biondi of the socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). Eric Roussel, a De Gaulle biographer, wrote that to the general and president...

coalition with the socialist Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO). A government minister in various posts during the coalition governments...

Jules Noutour, police brigadier, trade unionist, and socialist member of the SFIO party; joined by Natalis Dumez [fr], social Catholic[clarification needed]...

live, Tsiranana joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), in advance of the January 1956 elections for seats in the French National...

Bellerive-sur-Allier, died 27 June 1996 in Paris) August 1944 September 1958 SFIO The liberation of Toulouse took place on 19 and 20 August 1944. A local liberation...

small national Opposition group joined the expelled Seine Federation of the SFIO in 1938 to form the Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party. A separate ICO...

Nogent-sur-Seine and Tricastin. Teston is the grandson of Edward Froment, a socialist (SFIO) and member of parliament from 1932 to 1951, who also served as Chairman...

OCLC 909370108. Herbeth, Alain (2017). Robert Lacoste, le bouc émissaire : la SFIO à l'épreuve algérienne (in French). Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-14-004289-8...

1945). Jean Nennig (1945–1947). Roger Deniau (1947–1948). Georges Dardel (SFIO) (1948–1969). Charles Ceccaldi-Raynaud (1969–2004). Joëlle Ceccaldi-Raynaud...

François Albert-Buisson PR 1942 1945 Raymond Grasset PR 1945 1949 Adrien Mabrut SFIO 1949 1964 Eugène Chassaing PR 1964 1970 Gabriel Montpied PS 1970 1973 Arsène...

Raoul Briquet [fr] Member of Parliament for Pas-de-Calais since May 1910. SFIO - 4 November 1875 25 March 1917, at the age of 41. Killed by a German bomb...

both joined the socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO: Section française de l'internationale ouvrière) in 1915. They were placed...

1957 by dissidents from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO); former members of the French Resistance, until then close to the Communist...

after previously being pardoned after serving 5 years in prison. 1914: After SFIO (French Section of the Workers' International) leader Jean Jaurès's assassination...

military defeats and the horrors of the trenches. In 1920, the socialist party (SFIO) was split in two and the majority broke away and formed the French Communist...

  PUP   PCF   SFIO   Far-Left / Radicals and Socialists / Radical Socialists   Republican Union   SI / PRS   Radical Left / Independent Radicals    Radical-Socialists...

National Assembly of France brought socialist Defense Minister Jules Moch (SFIO) to court over the Generals' Affair. This Henri Martin Affair Piastres Affair...

Tribunal Competition Commission of India Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA) Institute of Company Secretaries...

Third party   Leader Georges Pompidou Guy Mollet Maurice Faure Party UNR SFIO PRV Leader's seat Cantal-2nd Pas-de-Calais-1st Lot Last election 189 seats...

French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) on 15 December 1945, worked as Secretary for Vietnamese SFIO members. He pressed for the proper execution...

Workers' International (socialists; SFIO). Ultimately, only the French Communist Party (PCF) and the socialist SFIO supported the draft constitution, which...

national futsal team Tunisia national beach soccer team texte, Parti socialiste SFIO (France) Auteur du; texte, Parti socialiste (France) Fédération (Paris) Auteur...

party Third party   Leader Auguste Isaac Léon Blum Édouard Herriot Party URD SFIO PRS–PRS Seats won 204 104 162 Seat change 3 37 39 Popular vote 3,190,831...

President Party Took office Left office Félix Lestang PCF 1945 1946 Élie Rouby SFIO, PS 1946 1970 Jacques Chirac UDR, RPR 1970 1979 Georges Debat DVD 1979 1982...

Noyers-Pont-Maugis. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the Chamber of Deputies from 1932 to 1940. On 10 July 1940 he voted in...

Travailleurs Chrétiens and the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO), Libération-Nord was formed around Christian Pineau and the team of the...

(1915-09-07)7 September 1915 Paris, France Died 16 March 1978(1978-03-16) (aged 62) Malsburg-Marzell, Germany Party SFIO PS Alma mater École Polytechnique...

since 1994!". Twitter. Retrieved 22 April 2022. texte, Parti socialiste SFIO (France) Auteur du; texte, Parti socialiste (France) Fédération (Paris) Auteur...

Workers' Party (POF) (1898–1900), French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) (1914–1921; 1923–1928) and the French Communist Party (PCF) (1921–1923)...

French Third Republic Died 1 August 1985(1985-08-01) (aged 92) Cabris, Alpes-Maritimes, France Party SFIO (until 1969) PS (1969–1975) Occupation Politician...

Election Member Party 1958 Tony Larue SFIO 1962 1967 1968 PS 1973 1978 Laurent Fabius 1981 1981 Marc Massion 1986 Proportional representation – no election...

and the heart was not present. In 1915 Pioch joined the Socialist Party (SFIO). In 1917 Louise Bodin and Colette Reynaud founded the journal La Voix des...

socialist', supported by the local French administration. His main rival was the SFIO candidate Henri Seignon. Bayrou got 55.1% (around 1195 votes) of the votes...

Bernard Legrand, 1939–1941 Henri Duquenne, PC, 1935–1939 Marcel Gerdil, SFIO, 1929–1935 André Neufinck, 1908–1929 Pierre-Hippolyte Jouslain, 1905–1908...

from 1965 to 1977. He belonged to the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). In 1938, he served as France's minister of budget. v t e v t e...

Commissariat à l'Intérieur de la France libre. In 1946, nominated by the SFIO (French Section of the Workers' International), she was one of 21 women elected...

 Netherlands PvdA 7 January 1958 9 January 1962 Robert Marjolin  France SFIO 7 January 1958 15 September 1959 Piero Malvestiti  Italy DC Hallstein II...

Noguères did not join the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) at this time. Recalled to active service during the First World War, he...

SSC, Patents and Copyrights Office, Election Commission of India, IBBI, SFIO, SAI, MCD, DDA, FIU, Merto Rail Corporations, ITPO, NeGD, North Eastern Council...

Dominique Duverger SFIO 1918 1930 Louis Pasquet GD 1931 1940 Léon Bon SFIO 1945 1953 Félix Gouin SFIO 1953 1955 Max Juvenal SFIO 1955 1957 Vincent Delpuech...

from September 1940 Amédée Dunois organized the underground activity of the SFIO in the occupied zone of France. He edited the clandestine journal le Populaire...

Oubangui-Chari. Affiliating with the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), Aubame later worked most closely with the Indépendants d'Outre-Mer, an...

French Popular Front demonstration in 1936, including Léon Blum (SFIO), Maurice Thorez (PCF), and Pierre Cot (Radicals)...

of Paris with Ambassador Rıfat's assistance. He also asked for help from SFIO leaders Jean Jaures and Pierre Loti, and the two of them wrote articles criticizing...

politician. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the Constituent Assembly elected in 1945, in the Constituent Assembly...

Minister Paul Ramadier of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) party, suppressed the Madagascar revolt, a nationalist uprising. The French...

Independent Radicals 1945 1955 Jacques Bozzi [fr] SFIO 1955 1967 Camille Lassaux SFIO 1967 1973 Camille Titeux [fr] SFIO 1973 1976 René Tinant [fr] CD 1976 1982...

became an activist in the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). His familial and pre-war political connections served as the bedrock for...

Majority party Minority party   Leader Émile Combes Jean Jaurès Party PRV SFIO Seats won 148 75 Seat change 16 21 Popular vote 1,727,064 1,110,561 Percentage...

eventual Secretary of the Federation of the Seine of the SFIO and head of propaganda for the SFIO at the outset of the Popular Front government. The Three...

union. Representative of a generation of left-wingers who criticized the old SFIO Socialist Party, he joined a Trotskyist group, the Internationalist Communist...

of Jospin. Inheritor of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the PS is historically social-democrat, while the French Communist Party...

was opposed to Guy Mollet's French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) reformist party because of Mollet's support of the First Indochina War and...

French Socialist Party (Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière, SFIO) in 1932 as an activist in the Bois-Colombes section. He was a socialist...

(or section) of technicians of the CGT and member of the Socialist Party SFIO, led by Paul Faure. During the German occupation (1940–1944), Roland Silly...

La Vengeance de Jaurès) 4 February 2015 2756060933 N/A 11 April 1930: The SFIO orders the murder of Raoul Villain, Jaurès' Assassin. 20 Red Dragon (French:...

opposed all investigations by federal investigative agencies CBI, ED and SFIO; conceding only after the Supreme Court ordered the federal agencies to take...

Republican group (SFIO) Gabriel Montpied Socialist and Republican group (SFIO) Michel Champleboux Socialist and Republican group (SFIO) 1965 Abel Gauthier...

was elected a deputy of Nancy to the First Constituent Assembly under the SFIO. In 1946, he was then reelected to the newly created National Assembly where...

Vincent Auriol (1884–1966) 28 November 1946 16 December 1946 18 days (interim)   SFIO Léon Blum (1872–1950) 16 December 1946 22 January 1947 37 days   SFIO...

occupation of France had been the National Popular Rally of Marcel Déat (former SFIO members) and the French Popular Party of Jacques Doriot (former French Communist...

took part, and that was preceded by a meeting between PSIm, POUM, SAP and SFIO revolutionary left (Marceau Pivert, Michel Collinet and Michel Duchesne)...

the Bombay High Court instructed the Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) to avoid any coercive measures against Kochhar and the court also mandated...

Raymond Badiou 1944 September 1958 SFIO G. Carrère September 1958 16 October 1958 SFIO Louis Bazerque 16 October 1958 1971 SFIO Pierre Baudis March 1971 March...

Communist Party (PCF) and the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). The Provisional Government of the French Republic was initially presided...

français, unified into the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO), the "French section of the Second International", itself formed in 1889...

Died 30 October 2009(2009-10-30) (aged 100) Paris, France Political party SFIO (1927–1936) Spouses Dina Dreyfus ​ ​ (m. 1932, divorced)​ Rose Marie Ullmo...

1914, Halbwachs joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the Ligue Française pour le Droit des Femmes (LFDF) of Maria Vérone...

Election Member Party 1958 Madeleine Martinache UNR 1962 Arthur Cornette SFIO 1967 1968 Robert Menu UDR 1973 Arthur Cornette PS 1978 Bernard Derosier 1981...

place on 4 May 1969. The old French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) expanded to include Alain Savary's Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the...

“fraction meetings” with all of the JS management and 3 of the 12 members of the SFIO management (including Deputy National Secretary Yves Dechézelles). In addition...

December 1962 2 April 1967 Louis Pimont DVG 3rd 3 April 1967 30 May 1968 SFIO 4th 11 July 1968 1 April 1973 Jean Capelle DVD 5th 2 April 1973 9 November...

Term Senators 1946–1948 Maurice Brier - SFIO Jean Helleu - MRP 1948–1955 Jacques Delalande - RPF Francis Le Basser - RPF 1955–1959 Jacques Delalande -...

against. Despite the government commitment to the Dumont Resolution, the SFIO (socialist) deputies continued to agitate for establishment of a society...

General Council of Gironde September 1945 April 1951 Jean-Fernand Audeguil SFIO April 1951 March 1976 Raymond Brun Radical then CNIP March 1976 March 1985...

(starting 23 juin 1940) SFIO Minister of the Colonies Albert Rivière SFIO Minister of Labour and Public Health André Février SFIO Charles Pomaret (starting...

African Bloc, which would be affiliated with the SFIO. Although, the attempt failed, Diallo did sit with the SFIO. Dolf Sternberger, Bernhard Vogel, Dieter Nohlen...

some historians), it eclipsed even the traditionally mass-based Socialist (SFIO) and Communist Parties (202,000 and 288,000 members, respectively, in December...

Massoulier (1949–1959) for the Radicals Jean Montalat (1959–1971) for the SFIO Georges Mouly (1971–1977) for the RPR Jean Combasteil (1977–1995) for the...

women could join the SFIO. At the end of December 1912, Rauze held a dinner at which the constitution of the feminine section of the SFIO was agreed. Madeleine...

Workers' International (SFIO), the French socialist party. He was elected to the local council in Saint-Ouen in 1912. When the SFIO split at the Tours Congress...

Resistance grew. The CAS-Sud became the secret SFIO in March 1943. There was a majority from the SFIO in Libération-Nord, one of the eight great networks...

between the SFIO and the PSdF, influenced by the planisme of Henri de Man, leader of the Belgian Labour Party. A minority within the SFIO, the Révolution...

Union [fr] and soon joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). In February 1934, Lamarque-Cando founded an anti-fascist organization,...

of the socialists from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), met with reluctance by French communists, as articulated by Maurice Thorez...

Pierre Scohy PCF 1947 1959 Fernand Herbaut SFIO 1959 1964 Robert Courtat SFIO 1964 1965 Maurice Cadot SFIO 1965 1971 Louis Solbès PCF 1971 1977 Robert...

from his post. A report filed by the Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) in April 2013 based on its investigation into the tapes pointed out technical...

socialiste was the organ of the French Section of the Workers' International (S.F.I.O.) in Oran. Oran socialiste was founded and edited by Marius Dubois. Ayache...

was probably a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) when she joined the committee of the Third Communist International, adding...

he was a farmer and village chief. Pounaba was nominated as a Socialist-SFIO candidate for a seat on the Ubangi-Shari Representative Council in the 1946...

(1937-01-17) 17 January 1937 (age 89) Rabat, French Morocco Political party List SFIO (1956–1958) PSU (1960–1969) UCFml (1969–1985) OP (1985–2007) Education Education...

War with the two major political parties of the left being the PCF and the SFIO which have now become the Socialist Party. The small town of Commentry has...

Term start Term end   Party Fernand Audeguil August 1944 19 October 1947 SFIO Jacques Chaban-Delmas 19 October 1947 19 June 1995 RPR Alain Juppé 19 June...

largely associated with the recent alliance of the Marxist PCF, PUP and SFIO parties. In July 1935 an alliance of anti-fascist parties and civil society...

63-71. Retrieved from JSTOR 24269971 Lejeune, D. (1987). Les missions de la SFIO dans la Russie de 1917. Revue Historique, 278(2 (564)), 373-386. Retrieved...

of espionage (after the war he became a socialist and was a member of the SFIO from c. 1959 to 1969). During the Second World War, he had official contacts...

Fourth Republic, only four included women, and never more than one at a time. SFIO member Andrée Viénot, widow of a Resistant, was nominated in June 1946 by...

Ouvrière, SFIO) of the 15th district. This group, far to the left of the party, was led by Marceau Pivert, who in 1935 would form a faction in the SFIO (Gauche...

1924. His book, Ce qu'est le parti socialiste was published in 1919 by SFIO's Librairie du parti socialiste. Laudier was a member of the Chamber of Deputies...

government approved of setting up of Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) on 9 January 2003, on the basis of recommendations made by the Naresh Chandra...

secretary of the Rennes Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO) (French Section of the Workers' International) in 1914. He was a socialist...

Laure SFIO Bouches-du-Rhône Marie-Hélène Lefaucheux MRP Aisne Francine Lefebvre MRP Seine Rachel Lempereur SFIO Nord Madeleine Léo-Lagrange SFIO Nord Jeanne...

repressed with an estimated 6,000 to 45,000 Algerians killed. Paul Ramadier's (SFIO) cabinet repressed the Malagasy Uprising in Madagascar in 1947. The French...

Other details 1925 1947 Vincent Auriol SFIO Deputy, President of France from 1947 to 1954 1947 1953 Henri Peyrusse SFIO 1953 1989 Jacques Douzans [fr] DVD...

party Legislature (election) Félix Gouin 8 November 1945 22 January 1946 SFIO I (1945) Vincent Auriol 31 January 1946 27 November 1946 SFIO II (Jun.1946)...

he was excluded from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) for having sided with the CGT in the split. Saillant denounced the 1968...

Limoges before the war, while his old rival, the French Socialist Party (SFIO) socialist Jean Le Bail, who was despised by all the "genuine" members of...

Party of Germany (USPD), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), and the Social Democratic Party of Czechoslovakia. The Bolsheviks denied...

communication is the vehicle of information". Robert Escarpit was an activist in the SFIO (Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière) at the time of the Popular...

very early. He joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO: Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière). He became deputy director...

l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO), led by Jean Jaurès and later Léon Blum. In 1906 it won 56 seats in Parliament. The SFIO adhered to Marxist ideas but...

Lefort Alain Touraine Notable students Pierre Bourdieu Personal details Party SFIO (1920s) RPF (1947–1953) Main interests Political philosophy Notable ideas...

Joseph Brenier Born 23 April 1876 Vienne, Isère, France Died 30 December 1943(1943-12-30) (aged 67) Lyon, France Occupation Politician Political party SFIO...

seats in the council, whilst French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) got 9. When the Communist Party was expelled from the French government...

she became a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO: Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière). She also joined the French...

when Ramadier resigned on 24 November 1947 due to internal disputes in the SFIO. Letourneau was president of the French Delegation to the United Nations...

Villefranche-le-Château 1951-1958 M. Maigre SFIO 1958-1964 M. Constantin Centriste 1964-1988 Delphi Andréoléty SFIO puis PS 1988-2001 Michel Cossantelli DVG...

philosophy in 1924. He joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). He made substantial contributions to the Année sociologique, nouvelle série...

Party 1928 1940 Léon Sireyjol PRV 1945 1949 Édouard Dupuy SFIO 1949 1979 Robert Lacoste SFIO 1979 1982 Michel Manet PS 1982 1992 Bernard Bioulac PS 1992...

and a former member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). His artistic career began at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts...

Pierres-Charles Boccadoro DVD Gaullism 4,857 12.21 2,750 6.17 Gilbert Coltice SFIO 4,636 11.66 WITHDREW Valid votes 39,774 98.04 -0.23 44,573 98.31 -0.51 Blank...

Holocaust. Rosenfeld joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) at the end of the 1960s. He became a municipal councillor in Bonneuil-sur-Marne...

Naegelen, a leading member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and Minister of Education in the French government, had been appointed by...

Malakoff. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the Constituent Assembly elected in 1945, in the Constituent Assembly...

(born 1872), leader of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) socialist party and a two-time Prime Minister of France (4 June 1936 to...

form the unified socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) political party. Granger and his group moved further into the slipstream...

passports they needed to travel. Three delegates from the socialist party (SFIO, Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière) led by Alexandre Blanc were...

administrative commission of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1937. She described herself as proud to represent women, mothers and...

the socialist party, the Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO) in 1906. His revolutionary syndicalist views did not prevent Bouet from...

the municipal elections of Le Pré-Saint-Gervais, but was defeated by a RPF–SFIO coalition led by Edmond Pépin. Eugène Hénaff' died on 28 October 1966 at...

October 1956 Belgrade hosted the meeting between FLN's Mohamed Khider and SFIO's Pierre Herbaut, while from 1957 Yugoslavia abandoned intermediation efforts...

July 1925, Wanner joined the French section of the Workers' International (SFIO). She participated in feminist demonstrations in Lyon, but she was frustrated...

Personal details Born (1903-07-23)23 July 1903 Vieux-Condé, Nord, France Died 29 January 1969(1969-01-29) (aged 65) Le Quesnoy, Nord, France Party SFIO...

1905, when it merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), he did not join, instead contesting local elections as an independent socialist...

He also lost his seat as deputy of the Aisne, in favor of Paul Lambin of SFIO – French Section of the Workers' International. He then returned to the League...

Maghreb (1932-1936), a publication associated with Robert-Jean Longuet and the SFIO that gave the Moroccan Nationalist Movement a voice in Paris. al-Wazzaani...

Name Party Notes 1951 19.. Benjamin Constance RS 19.. 1964 Léopold Héder SFIO Deputy (1962–1967) 1964 1970 Benjamin Constance DVD 1970 1982 Yves-Paul Robo...

Party with Bergery. He left the Frontist party in November 1937 to join the SFIO. In July 1938 he became technical adviser to the Socialist Federation of...

fighters, quickly became one of the three major parties (with the PCF and the SFIO) which dominated the national political life of the Fourth Republic. The...

Senate on the list of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), but without getting elected. After the election he became vice president...

for Italian socialists compared to what happened in the congress of French SFIO, where "rightists", "patriotards" and "Freemasons" had been tolerated without...

Pivert. The Revolutionary Left tendency was ultimately removed from the SFIO in 1938, but Guérin was not finished. That same year he co-founded the Workers'...

from 1925 to 1940. In 1919 he was also general councillor. He served as the SFIO deputy of the Gard department from 1910 to 1919 and from 1924 to 1940. He...

daughter of Louis Diène Faye, a chartered accountant and activist of the SFIO, one of the founders of the Senegalese Democratic Bloc, and Fatim Diop. She...

which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1906 to 1910 and...

1930s, he was a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). At the advent of the Popular Front, at the age of 64, Montéhus was again...

due to the crisis. In addition, the Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) has sought detailed answers from the 13,000 so-called investors to uncover...

Saint-Leu-d'Esserent, Oise. He joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1911. In 1912, he contributed to the Prolétaire de l'Oise founded that...