DOSEN PROFIL LENGKAP

presocratic philosopher Parmenides – is commonly referred to as a retroactive refutation. An inference objection is an objection to an argument based not on any...

Sophistical Refutations (Greek: Σοφιστικοὶ Ἔλεγχοι, romanized: Sophistikoi Elenchoi; Latin: De Sophisticis Elenchis) is a text in Aristotle's Organon...

can take a range of forms, as can be seen in the following examples of refutation by contradiction: The Earth cannot be flat; otherwise, since the Earth...

Danganronpa 2×2 (pronounced 'two by two') is an upcoming visual novel developed by Gemdrops in collaboration with Too Kyo Games and Spike Chunsoft. It...

Danganronpa (Japanese: ダンガンロンパ; lit. "Bullet Refutation") is a Japanese video game franchise created by Kazutaka Kodaka and developed and owned by Spike...

Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) is the debut studio album by alternative hip hop group Digable Planets released on February 9, 1993, by Pendulum/Elektra...

for biological evolution. Theories that better survive the process of refutation are not more true, but rather, more "fit"—in other words, more applicable...

Proofs and Refutations: The Logic of Mathematical Discovery is a 1976 book by philosopher Imre Lakatos expounding his view of the progress of mathematics...

irrelevant conclusion, also known as ignoratio elenchi (Latin for 'ignoring refutation') or missing the point, is the informal fallacy of presenting an argument...

Overthrow of Knowledge Falsely So-Called. The Refutation and Overthrowal of Knowledge falsely so-called, and Refutation and Overthrowal of Knowledge falsely so-called...

Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair is a 2012 visual novel developed by Spike Chunsoft. It is the second game in the Danganronpa franchise following Danganronpa:...

In inoculation theory, refutational preemption consists of “specific content that receivers can employ to strengthen attitudes against subsequent change...

\implies \ \Gamma \vdash _{\mathcal {S}}\varphi .} A formal system S is refutation complete if it is able to derive false from every unsatisfiable set of...

Danganronpa: The Animation is an anime television series produced by Lerche, based on Spike Chunsoft's 2010 visual novel Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc...

Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony is a visual novel developed and published by Spike Chunsoft. The game was released in Japan in January 2017 for PlayStation...

Refutation of Helvetius (French: Refutation de l'ouvrage d'Helvetius intitule L'Homme) was composed in 1773 by Denis Diderot. It contains a rebuttal to...

Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak High School is a mystery horror anime television series produced by Lerche, directed by Daiki Fukuoka, and supervised...

Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc is a visual novel adventure game developed and published by Spike. The first installment in the Danganronpa series, it...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

Shōjo: Danganronpa Anazā Episōdo; lit. 'Absolute Despair Girls: Bullet Refutation Another Episode') Zettai Zetsumei Shōjo (Japanese: 絶体絶命少女) Danganronpa...

The Refutation of All Heresies (Ancient Greek: Φιλοσοφούμενα ή κατὰ πασῶν αἱρέσεων ἔλεγχος, romanized: Philosophoumena hē kata pasōn haireseōn elenchos;...

"A New Refutation of Time" (original Spanish title: "Nueva refutación del tiempo") is an essay by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges (written between 1944...

members moved to Brooklyn, New York. Their debut album Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) was released in 1993 and certified gold by the Recording...

Danganronpa Zero is a Japanese light novel written by Kazutaka Kodaka and illustrated by Rui Komatsuzaki. It was published by Seikaisha from September...

Danganronpa Kirigiri (Japanese: ダンガンロンパ霧切) is a Japanese detective mystery light novel series written by Takekuni Kitayama and illustrated by Rui Komatsuzaki...

Proofs & Refutations is a compilation album by American fingerstyle guitarist and composer John Fahey, released in 2023. It reissues Double 78 alongside...

sophisticated pawn evaluations because they are reused many times. A refutation table can be used to store sequences of moves from the root node to leaf...

different proposition (i.e., "stand up a straw man") and the subsequent refutation of that false argument ("knock down a straw man"), instead of the opponent's...

Vol. XIV (2nd ed.). Hogarth Press, 1955. Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations, London: Routledge and Keagan Paul, 1963, pp. 33–39; from Theodore Schick...

counterarguments (e.g., counterarguments that have been paired with refutations), the receiver will then seek out supporting information to further strengthen...

Mādhava Sarasvatī. Madhusūdana composed Advaitasiddhi, a line-by-line refutation of Nyayamṛta. In response to Advaitasiddhi, the Dvaita scholars, Vyasa...

Most records of its early use show that, contrary to the now-popular refutation, the phrase did in fact carry criticism until it was reclaimed as possible...

on it, and confirmed the falsehood. Reeves 1993, p. 348; for further refutation, see O'Brien 2005, p. 706. Smith, Sally Bedell (2004). Grace and Power:...

Danganronpa Gaiden: Killer Killer (ダンガンロンパ 害伝キラーキラー, Danganronpa Gaiden Kirā Kirā), originally known simply as Killer Killer for its first volume, is a...

automated theorem proving, resolution is a rule of inference leading to a refutation-complete theorem-proving technique for sentences in propositional logic...

منهاج السنة النبوية) is a work by Ibn Taymiyyah. It was written as a refutation of a book by the Shi'ite Twelver theologian Al-Hilli called Minhaj al-Karamah...

underwent a preparatory examination before being granted bail. The defence's refutation began in January 1957, overseen by defence lawyer Vernon Berrangé, and...

arguing that Marxism relies on vague or unfalsifiable theories, resists refutation through dialectical reinterpretation, and has failed key predictions about...

The Council of Jamnia (presumably Yavneh in the Holy Land) was a council that some claim was held late in the 1st century AD to finalize the development...

characteristic of Plato's Socrates is the Socratic method, or the method of refutation (elenchus). It is most prominent in the early works of Plato, such as...

The Mierscheid law is a satirical forecast hypothesis based on a spurious relationship, published in the German magazine Vorwärts on 14 July 1983 and attributed...

of Works in Refutation of Methodism: from its Origin in 1729, to the Present Time (often referred to as Catalogue of Works in Refutation of Methodism)...

Danganronpa: Unlimited Battle is a 2015 action video game developed and published by Spike Chunsoft. A part of the Danganronpa series, it was released...

The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness was a 1912 book by the American psychologist and eugenicist Henry H. Goddard, dedicated...

further argues that: "the truth of the matter surely is that no rational refutation is possible of the essential humanist position that killing is wrong....

November 2025. Phillips, Stephen H. (1998). Classical Indian Metaphysics: Refutations of Realism and the Emergence of New Logic. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1488-2...

been often interpreted as promoting Advaita Vedānta in his Sweets of Refutation (Khaṇḍanakhaṇḍanakhādya), however, this interpretation remains controversial...

Balloonist theory was a theory in early neuroscience that attempted to explain muscle movement by asserting that muscles contract by inflating with air...

Betrayal: Power, Deceit and the Fight for the Future of the Royal Family is a 2026 biography by Tom Bower about the British royal family. Excerpts from...

true in a literal sense). His text, also known as the Refutation of the Allegorisers (or Refutation of the Allegorists) was aimed at refuting the arguments...

(transl. Caliphate and Kingship) is a 1966 book by Abul Ala Maududi as a refutation of the book, The Caliphate of Mu'awiyah and Yazid by Pakistani scholar...

work? A 2500 years old philosophy of Buddhism! These are some of the “refutations” of Marxism by Ambedkar!" .... "Ambedkar did not have any understanding...

136 Henrique Leitão (2000). "Reseña de 'La Supercherie Dévoilée. Une Réfutation du Catholicisme au Japon au XVIIe Siécle' de Jacques Proust," Archived...

knowledge of the events there. In his report, Powell wrote, "In direct refutation of this portrayal is the fact that relations between Americal Division...

Hinduism and pre-Christian religions. Hippolytus of Rome mentions one in Refutation of All Heresies (third century), and the earlier full text is a Latin...

of the fallibility of mathematics and its "methodology of proofs and refutations" in its pre-axiomatic stages of development, and also for introducing...

programming. It is a refinement of resolution that is both sound and refutation complete for Horn clauses. Given a goal clause, represented as the negation...

Digital Library. V. 3, Ch. 10. Retrieved December 24, 2014. Hippolytus, Refutation of all Heresies, i. 6. Anaximander. Fairbanks, Arthur (ed.). "Fragments...

massive, bloody battle between Supes that's more an exaggeration than a refutation of the weightless CG violence served up by any Marvel third act. And yes...

claims; reliance on confirmation bias rather than rigorous attempts at refutation; lack of openness to evaluation by other experts; absence of systematic...

First Treatise attacks patriarchalism in the form of sentence-by-sentence refutation of the late Robert Filmer's (c. 1588–1653) Patriarcha, which argues for...

truth, and a refutation of Apuleius' insistence of the worship of demons as mediators between God and man. The book also contains a refutation against Hermeticism...

Josel of Rosheim (alternatively: Joselin, Joselmann, Yoselmann, German: Josel von Rosheim, Hebrew: יוסף בן גרשון מרוסהים Joseph ben Gershon mi-Rosheim...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

Levi ben Gershon (1288 – 20 April 1344), better known by his Graecized name as Gersonides, or by his Latinized name Magister Leo Hebraeus, or in Hebrew...

neo-Darwinism. In 1987, Løvtrup published his controversial book Darwinism: The Refutation of a Myth which challenged Charles Darwin's role as the intellectual founder...

Λόγος Ἀληθής) survives exclusively via quotations in Contra Celsum, a refutation written in 248 by Origen of Alexandria. The True Word is the earliest...

author of On Nozick, Philosophy of Mind, Locke, The Last Superstition: A Refutation of the New Atheism, Aquinas, Scholastic Metaphysics: A Contemporary Introduction...

Malthus. In An Inquiry Concerning the Population of Nations containing a Refutation of Mr. Malthus's Essay on Population (1818), Ensor dismissed what has...

in the 1857 rebellion. He wrote Tahqeeq al-Fatwa Fi Abtal al-Taghwa in refutation of Ismail Dehlvi's Taqwiyat al-Iman and authored books such as al-Thawra...

released as the first single from their debut album, Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space), in November 1992. The black-and-white music video...

concept of Church invisible was advocated by Augustine as part of his refutation of the Donatist sect, though he, as other Church Fathers before him, saw...

"Those among us who are unwilling to expose their ideas to the hazard of refutation do not take part in the game of science." — Karl Popper, The Logic of...

al-Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, Avicenna and Ibn Khaldun. In particular, they wrote refutations against the idea of the transmutation of metals. From the 14th century...

solutions of the twin paradox in special relativity against philosophical refutations at the time. Luise Lange was born in Braunschweig, Germany on April 14...

with his first letter, were collected by his nephew into a work called Refutations against Tyndale (1550), which included an introduction by Livinus Crucius...

Maslow described or for the existence of a definite hierarchy at all. This refutation was claimed to be supported by the majority of longitudinal data and cross-sectional...

Sarup & Sons. pp. 369–375. ISBN 9788176252225. L.Stafford Betty (1978). Refutation of Sankara's Non-dualism. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 110–113. ISBN 9788120831582...

brother's doctrine in his alleged treatise The Unmistakable Judgment in the Refutation of Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab. The dispute between them reached the point...

procedural fairness (the use of fair decision-making procedures). Methods of refutation which have shown effectiveness in various circumstances include: providing...

heartland of historical Muslim empires in the Indian subcontinent as a refutation to the "conversion by the sword theory". The legacy of the Muslim conquest...

philosophical problem. It is often attributed to Saint Augustine in a refutation of Zeno's paradoxes of motion. Zeno's paradoxes state that if one were...

studies of mathematics. The philosopher Imre Lakatos in his Proofs and Refutations aimed to sharpen the formulation of informal mathematics, by reconstructing...

Emission theory or extramission theory (variants: extromission) or extromissionism is the proposal that visual perception is accomplished by eye beams...

Refutation of religious apologetics...

Saved by the Light: The True Story of a Man Who Died Twice and the Profound Revelations He Received is a 1994 nonfiction book by Dannion Brinkley describing...

2012. Everett, Derrick (18 April 2020). "Parsifal and Race – claims and refutations: Wagner, Gobineau and Parsifal – Gobineau as the inspiration for Parsifal"...

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria published in 2014[when?] as a theological refutation of the practices and ideology of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria....

for others to openly critique Salafi beliefs. He is also known for his refutations of the Sufi master Ibn Arabi (in particular, wahdat al-wujud) and Aristotelian...

The theory of facilitated variation demonstrates how seemingly complex biological systems can arise through a limited number of regulatory genetic changes...

Calletano, still working on his promotion prospects, draws up a list of refutations of possible criticisms of himself (none of which have actually been made)...

set of first-order clauses, i.e. it performs proofs by refutation. Superposition is refutation complete—given unlimited resources and a fair derivation...

written between 1293 and 1321 CE, by Ibn Taymiyyah. The work is a detailed refutation of Christian doctrine. It was occasioned by Ibn Taymiyyah's receipt of...

The Krishna Mandir is a Hindu temple (mandir) dedicated to the Hindu deity Krishna located in Ravi Road, opposite of Timber Market in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan...

the Bible and Talmud, it may have been a collection of folk-tales, a refutation of Christian, Karaite, or other separatist movements; its content seems...

The lost Arles sketchbook is a purported sketchbook of drawings by the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh. The attribution of the drawings by the art historian...

Truth-conditional semantics is an approach to semantics of natural language that sees meaning (or at least the meaning of assertions) as being the same...

by Ibn ʿAsākir Tabdīd al-ẓalam al-mūkhīm min nūniyyat Ibn al-Qayyim – Refutation of Ibn al-Qayyim's Nūniyyah by Taqī al-Dīn al-Subkī al-Inṣāf fī-mā yajib...

Père de famille Conversation with the Marèchale de *** Sur les femmes Refutation of Helvetius La Religieuse Rameau's Nephew D'Alembert's Dream Jacques...

reasoning, explanations, refutations, and conclusions; and shapes which represent facts, claims, explanations, and refutations. Although Wigmore taught...

Pradesh, India. His best-known work is "Imad-ul-Islâm", in Arabic, a refutation of the anti-Shia arguments used by the famous Fakhr al-Din al-Razi. The...

observation of one or even more black swans constitute at best a problematic refutation of the claim. Accordingly, to be rigorous, falsifiability is a logical...

The Baskerville effect, or the Hound of the Baskervilles effect, is the alleged self-fulfilling prophecy that there is an increase in rate of mortality...

valid ones, part of a Stoic's logical training was the enumeration and refutation of false arguments, including the identification of paradoxes, which represented...

contemporaneous Gnostic sects. Hippolytus (170–235) wrote the ten-volume Refutation Against all Heresies, of which eight have been found. It also focuses...

island than which none greater is possible does not exist." Gaunilo's refutation is also criticized on the grounds that it misinterprets the argument set...

Adnyapatra, also pronounced as ‘Ajnapatra’, is a royal edict on the principles of Maratha policy written in Modi script by Ramchandra Pant Amatya, who...

with a powerful magnet. But such conjectures are unworthy of serious refutation". Willis noted anomalies such as the lack of correlation between the degree...

not own the painting or any rights to acquire it. In addition to the refutation issued by Shearman & Sterling, the auction expert Josh Baer indicated...

Letter to Lord Ellenborough (1812) A Vindication of Natural Diet (1813) A Refutation of Deism (1814) Speculations on Metaphysics (1814) On the Vegetable System...

Egyptian Civilization "A Study in Historical Evaluation and Analytical Refutation in Assessing the Allegations of Afrocentrism in Ancient Egypt"". researchgate...

separate schools were "inherently unequal," Dunbar High School was a living refutation of that assumption. And it was within walking distance of the Supreme...

astrological prognostication, which he criticises. In a later work, he wrote a refutation of astrology, in contradistinction to the legitimate science of astronomy...

the 9th century. Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328) wrote a famous and extensive refutation of incorporealist views in his Bayān talbīs al-jahmiyya "Explication of...

This is a list of notable mathematical conjectures. The following conjectures remain open. The (incomplete) column "cites" lists the number of results...

as the backbone of revolutionary Marxism. According to this view, its refutation or removal would lead to reformism in theory and practice". Stephen Cullenberg...

Prince Georges Avenue: Essential Recordings (2009) Your Past Comes Back to Haunt You: The Fonotone Years, 1958–1965 (2011) Proofs & Refutations (2023)...

of Illinois Press, 1986. ISBN 0-252-01263-1. Chapter 15 is a detailed refutation of Radosh and Milton's scholarship. Meeropol, Robert. An Execution in...

proposition P {\displaystyle P} is the proposition whose proofs are the refutations of P {\displaystyle P} . Classical negation is an operation on one logical...

2020s critical race theory controversies, simultaneously serving as a refutation of accusations that her work was a "European import" based on cultural...

Tamara; van Merriënboer, Jeroen JG; de Bruin, Anique BH (April 14, 2015). "Refutations in science texts lead to hypercorrection of misconceptions held with...

Larson, Rebecca L.; Papovich, Casey (October 26, 2023). "Confirmation and refutation of very luminous galaxies in the early Universe". Nature. 622 (7984):...

8. Refutation of Those who Dispute our Teachings on Epistemology, 9. Deducing that Which is Present from that Which is Absent, 10. The Refutation of those...

fallacies based on correlative conjunctions Cum hoc ergo propter hoc – Refutation of a logical fallacyPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets...

fungi or insect fecal pellets. Additional studies in 2016 replicated the refutation of the existence of the nanodiamond evidence. Purported evidentiary support...

The Cox–Forbes theory is a long-debunked theory on the evolution of chess put forward by Captain Hiram Cox (1760–1799) and extended by Professor Duncan...

rumored allegations of the 1968 My Lai massacre. Powell wrote: "In direct refutation of this portrayal is the fact that relations between Americal soldiers...

Uluhiyyat-i-Masih (Refutation of the Divinity of Christ) Radd-i-Tanasukh (Refutation of the doctrine of Reincarnation) Radd-i-Naskh-i- Qur'an (Refutation of the doctrine...

'Uthman ibn Sa'id 'alal-Marisi al-Jahmi al-Anid, which was a detailed refutation of Bishr and his theology. The Hanafite jurist Abd al-Aziz al-Kinani published...

researchers propose that this shows how such beliefs are resistant to refutation because they are not subject only to evidence, but to ingrained attitudes...

previously published analysis is unsound. A refutation is sometimes colloquially referred to as a bust. A refutation in the context of chess problems or endgame...

later discussed by Porphyry and the scholastic logicians. On Sophistical Refutations (Latin: De Sophisticis Elenchis) gives a treatment of logical fallacies...

best known work is al-Naqd 'ala al-Marisi al-Jahmi al-Anid, a detailed refutation against one of his contemporaries, Bishr al-Marisi. Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Darimi...

Young Earth creationism (YEC) is a form of creationism. One of its central tenets is that Earth and lifeforms were created by supernatural acts of the...

commentaries on "heresies" by Early Church Fathers. Hippolytus of Rome (Refutation of All Heresies, IX, 8–13) records that in the time of Pope Callixtus...

useless and disadvantageous for final salvation. They specialized in refutation without propagating any positive doctrine of their own. Sanjaya Belatthiputta...

U.S. Air Force pilot and skeptic, actively promotes science and the refutation of pseudoscience. JPL · 10036 10037 Raypickard 1984 BQ Ray Pickard (born...

Petaev, Michail I.; Claeys, Philippe (December 2023). "Comprehensive refutation of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH)". Earth-Science Reviews...

Slick (Cool Like Dat)" (Digable Planets) Digable Planets Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) 4:21 6. "The Choice Is Yours" (Black Sheep) Dres and...

quoted it at length while writing a refutation that was finished either between 434–437 or 439–441. Cyril's refutation, however, does not survive fully intact...

In discrete geometry, Tverberg's theorem, first stated by Helge Tverberg in 1966, is the result that sufficiently many points in Euclidean space can be...

Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. "The Arabic Origin of the Summa and Geber Latin Works: A Refutation of Berthelot, Ruska, and Newman Based on Arabic Sources", in: Ahmad Y...

Death of Christ. 5. The Resurrection. 6. Refutation of the Jews. 7. Refutation of the Gentiles. 8. Refutation of the Gentiles - Continued 9. Conclusion...

Interpretation Prior Analytics Posterior Analytics Topics On Sophistical Refutations The order of the books (or the teachings from which they are composed)...

amongst music critics and writers than the group's debut Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space). It has been noted for its seamless production and...

lemma for regular languages. The pumping lemma can be used to construct a refutation by contradiction that a specific language is not context-free. Conversely...

By 1782, at least a dozen hostile refutations were published to Disquisitions relating to Matter and Spirit, and Priestley was branded an atheist....

refutation involves searching for plausible theories that enable criticism to be discredited. A good example of selective acceptance and refutation in...

 368 Hancock 2006, pp. 194–195 Morris 2017, p. 15 Baldwin 2010, § 2. The Refutation of Idealism, § 6. Common Sense and Certainty Broadbent 2016, p. 145 Hylton...

refutation of the Sunni doctrine of the caliphate. In response, Ibn Taymiyya wrote his famous book, Minhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah, as a refutation of...

an enlightened poet of Vedic hymns. Originally proposed by Burnouf For refutation of these and other proposals, see Humbach, 1991. "258 years before Alexander"...

Emission theory, also called emitter theory or ballistic theory of light, was a competing theory for the special theory of relativity, explaining the results...

IV (5) "John Conway's Game of Life". Karl Popper: Conjectures and rRefutations[page needed] Werndl, Charlotte (2009). "Are Deterministic Descriptions...

Against the Galilaeans (trans. Wright, from Cyril of Alexandria's later refutation, Contra Julianum) at Tertullian.org (accessed 30 August 2009). Julian...

Retrieved 2025-02-21. Grigoryan, Avetik (2021-04-06). "Stafford Gambit: The Refutation". ChessMood. Retrieved 2026-02-21. Eric Rosen (2024-12-30). Stafford Gambit...

2015). "Combating Rumor Spread on Social Media: The Effectiveness of Refutation and Warning". 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences...

"The refutation of conventionalism". Noûs. 8 (1): 25–40. doi:10.2307/2214643. JSTOR 2214643. Reprinted in Putnam, H. (1979). "Chapter 9: The refutation of...

purpose, he composed his work al-Muhimmāt. Some Shāfi'ī jurists also wrote refutations of Isnāwī, claiming that he did not properly understand al-Nawawī. Although...

confession of his role in the scam project. This thesis was the subject of refutation in an article published on Seeker nearly half a year later. The Shining...

Adolf Grünbaum 1962), is that one can always protect one's theory against refutation by attributing failure to some other part of our web of belief. In his...

confirming existing attitudes Correlation does not imply causation – Refutation of a logical fallacy Jumping to conclusions – Psychological term Magical...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

Christianity and its decadence, a presentation of Manicheism and a philosophical refutation of Manichaeism. The work serves both as a source on the doctrines of early...

sources, including Al-Biruni's Kitab al-Hind and Ephrem the Syrian's Refutations of Mani, the myth included only one being (the Maiden of Light) with...

Claim Refutation 5G causes cancer It is very unlikely that exposure to the 5G radiofrequency will cause cancer. 5G is non-ionizing radiation, and such...

Habitable? by British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace was a reply to, and refutation of, Lowell's Mars and Its Canals. Wallace's book concluded that Mars "is...

Adversus Valentinianos, or Against the Valentinians, is a famous refutation of Valentinianism by Tertullian, an orthodox contemporary of the Gnostics and...

known as ignoratio elenchi (Latin for "ignoring the list" or "ignoring refutation") or missing the point, follows a similar structure to appeal to the stone...

Interpretation Prior Analytics Posterior Analytics Topics Sophistical Refutations Physics Physics On the Heavens On Generation and Corruption Meteorology...

The gambit has proven resilient under modern analysis, with no clear refutation. Black's usual response is to accept the gambit with 4...Bxb4. 4...Nxb4...

various religious and philosophical ideas. Scholars refer to this work as Refutation of the Sects or On God. Travelling to Edessa and Constantinople, Eznik...

references. According to Stephan Bodecker, Bishop of Brandenburg, who wrote a refutation of Lipmann's Sefer Nitzachon, Lipmann lived at Kraków. Naphtali Hirsch...

biography, history of ideas, human rights and ethics, including The Refutation of Scepticism (1985), The Future of Moral Values (1997), Wittgenstein...

efforts to expand women's rights. She was also known for her science based refutation of Darwin's gender bias in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation...

Brettanikai legomenai, Albiôn kai Iernê, ...", Aristotle: On Sophistical Refutations. On Coming-to-be and Passing Away. On the Cosmos., 393b, pages 360–361...

Theodotion (/ˌθiːəˈdoʊʃən/; Ancient Greek: Θεοδοτίων/Theodotiōn) is traditionally identified as one of three major Jewish translators of the Hebrew Bible...

Century (3rd ed.). London: John Murray. Hippolytus, Refutation of all Heresies, 6, 19. Hippolytus, Refutation of all Heresies, 6, 15. (Ephesians 6:14–16) Cyril...

papers of Laue ("Two Objections Against the Theory of Relativity and their Refutation", 1911) and Einstein ("Dialog about Objections against the Theory of Relativity"...

expansion of the Caliphate's authority." The speech included a religious refutation of al-Qaeda for being too lenient regarding Shi'ites and their refusal...

Betrayal of the Left (full title: Betrayal of the Left: an Examination & Refutation of Communist Policy from October 1939 to January 1941: with Suggestions...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

transitions of blind spots in the Hermann grid illusion”. arXiv:2408.00782 Refutation of classical explanation of Hermann Grid Illusion Scintillating Grid Illusion...

knows of the apology "Against Marcion," and from Justin's "Apology" of a "Refutation of all Heresies". St Epiphanius and St Jerome mention Justin. Rufinus...

Jeans, James. 1937. The Mysterious Universe. p. 137. Kant, Immanuel. "The refutation of idealism." pp. 345–52 in Critique of Pure Reason (1st ed.), edited...

Refutation of a logical fallacy...

 80 Brier 2015, p. 225 Kirchick 2022, p. 556 Mason 2014 Murdock 2012 Refutations and alternate explanations: Ambinder 2015 Brier 2015, p. 223 Evans 2018...

Claim Refutation Increased sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk. Some forms of birth control, namely condoms and dental dams, can prevent the transmission...

Mirror Go is an opening strategy in the board game Go. In Mirror Go, one player plays moves that are diagonally opposite those of this opponent, making...

 140–146 Dehsen 2013, p. 75 Griffel 2020, Lead Section, 3. Al-Ghazâlî's "Refutations" of Falsafa and Ismâ'îlism, 4. The Place of Falsafa in Islam Grayling...

Tortoise" "The Mirror of Enigmas" "A Note on (toward) Bernard Shaw" "A New Refutation of Time" All essays are from Otras inquisiciones (1952), except "The Argentine...

particularly, in rhetorics, accismus is a figure of speech, a figure of refutation, and a type of irony. (behaviour) Britannica cites Oliver Cromwell's refusal...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

only that peace and the emperor were with the people. The emperor's refutation of divinity was not valuable as news. Critics of the Western interpretation...

generative grammar. In an article, published in Lingua, Lin tries to provide a refutation of universal grammar based on methodological grounds. He points out that...

ISBN 978-0-521-72978-9. Popper, Karl R. 1990. "Science: Conjectures and Refutations." Pp. 104–10 in Philosophy of Science and the Occult, edited by P. Grim...

for Subverting Society as Taught in Tempter's Training School (1998) A Refutation of Moral Relativism: Interviews with an Absolutist (1999) Prayer for Beginners...

Bc4 Nf6? This seemingly sound developing move runs into a surprising refutation. After White's next move, both f7 and b7 will be under attack. Better...

publication of his anti-Lutheran pamphlet A Highly Provoked Vindication and Refutation of the unspiritual soft-living flesh in Wittenberg, as well as one entitled...

Structure of Scientific Revolutions Karl Popper (1963) Conjectures and Refutations Ian Hacking (1983) Representing and Intervening Andrew Pickering (1984)...

Jacob (1993), Are There Really Tannaitic Parallels to the Gospels? A Refutation of Morton Smith, South Florida Studies in the History of Judaism; Atlanta:...

The phantom time conspiracy theory is a pseudohistorical conspiracy theory first asserted by Heribert Illig in 1991. It hypothesizes a conspiracy by the...

Malkuta ʿLaita (Scroll of Exalted Kingship) (DC 34) Against Heresies Refutation of All Heresies Panarion Acts of Peter Clementine literature Odes of Solomon...

writings of Gregory of Nazianzus (Orat. xviii, 5) and Gregory of Nyssa (Refutation of Eunomius' Confession 38), about AD 374. The term has been linked to...

macro-micro association is often cited as Félix Dujardin's 1834 C.E. refutation of naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg's popular position that microscopic...

[citation needed] Blogger AA considers the page hostile and issues a refutation 2022–2023 Belarusian and Russian partisan movement 2024 Bashkortostan...

urea from ammonium cyanate was only one step in a long road, not a great refutation. Maternal impression – the theory that the mother's thoughts created birth...

Moral Theology The Council of Trent The Histories of Heresies and their Refutation Truth of the Faith 19 Francis de Sales Doctor caritatis (Doctor of Charity)...

Warschau (see other names) was a Nazi concentration camp in German-occupied Poland during World War II. It was formed on the base of the since-demolished...

official explanation—its first use of what would become its standard "rumor refutation" mechanism—deleted the original PETA post, and banned related hashtags...

December 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2014. The article concludes with a refutation of claims that Turkish terrorists ("Grey Wolves") are operating in Azerbaijan...

Supervenience Theory"', Sorites, no. 9, pp. 16–31. Berlin, Isaiah (2004), The Refutation of Phenomenalism, Isaiah Berlin Virtual Library. Chisholm, Roderick M...

President been so renowned for his rectitude." But the Republicans found a refutation buried in Cleveland's past. Aided by the sermons of Reverend George H...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

how fast he runs, since the Tortoise will always be moving ahead. The refutation is mathematical (an infinite series of lengths can be a finite length)...

with Filmer that the First Treatise is almost a sentence-by-sentence refutation of Patriarcha. Reinforcing his respect for consensus, Locke argued that...

Pauranic and Other Hindu Epic literature. Kya Sambhog se Samadhi: A Simple Refutation of Osho's interpretation of Samadhi. Capitalism, Socialism and Ramrajya:...

being listed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum. The work received a refutation called The Confusion of the Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau by...

copy of the second volume of Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology, a refutation of Lamarckism in which there was no shared ancestry of different species...

imamate; Refutation of the Ghulāt; Refutation of Ṭāṭarī, concerning the imamate; Refutation of ‘Īsā ibn Abān, about legal interpretation; Refutation of the...

Publishers. p. 162. ISBN 9004081143. Shawqi Daif, Introduction to Ibn Mada's Refutation of the Grammarians, pg. 5. Cairo, 1947. Kojiro Nakamura, "Ibn Mada's Criticism...

trial ended in acquittal, and the orientalist Daniel Chwolson published a refutation of the blood libel. 1882 Tiszaeszlár blood libel: The Jews of the village...

Proceedings of the British Academy. 25 (5): 273–300. Moore, G. E. (1903). "The refutation of idealism". Mind. 12 (48): 433–453. doi:10.1093/mind/XII.4.433. Mulligan...

Theologico-Politicus, and had aided in the publication of one of the first refutations. Among other friends he made in the Netherlands were Swiss theologian...

In philosophy of mind, the knowledge argument (also known as Mary's Room, Mary the Colour Scientist, or Mary the super-scientist) is a thought experiment...

publisher location (link) of Rome, Hippolytus, Refutatio omnium haeresium [Refutation of all heresies] (in Latin), 7:22, Υἱότης τριμερής, κατὰ πάντα τῷ οὐκ...

for using statistical analysis Correlation does not imply causation – Refutation of a logical fallacy Hill, Austin Bradford (1965). "The Environment and...

The Lotharian legend (German: Lotharische Legende) was a German 16th-century theory which purported to explain why Roman law as outlined in the Byzantine...

masterminds of the conspiracy "long... discredited and requires no further refutation". Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 85–86, 90. Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 92. Earlier...

Dharmaparīkṣā (Sohalpur, 1978), p. 10. S. K. Chauhan, "Jaina Narrative Refutations of Kumārila: Relative Chronology and the History of Jaina-Mīmāmṣa Dialogues...

chapter, leading to the book's conclusion, Tishby offers a series of refutations to some of the most common arguments made against Israel. She closes...

Irenaeus wrote his best-known work Against Heresies around 180 as a refutation of gnosticism, in particular that of Valentinus. To counter the doctrines...

Marx and Human Nature: Refutation of a Legend is a 1983 book by the political theorist Norman Geras, in which the author discusses the philosopher Karl...

rally, peaceful marches Resulted in Adjustment of the Union State treaty, refutation of the unification of Belarus and Russia into a single state Parties Presidency...

PNAS using a nonstandard review system, according to a comprehensive refutation by Holliday et al. (2023). According to this 2023 review, "Claiming evidence...

disputed. In his books, The Poverty of Historicism and Conjectures and Refutations, philosopher of science Karl Popper criticised the explanatory power...

(1964). Children: The Challenge. Popper, K.R. (1963). Conjectures and Refutations. Dinkmeyer, D.C., Pew, W.L., & Dinkmeyer, D.C. Jr. (1979). Adlerian Counseling...

(雀躍, Jakuyaku) "Full Throttle" (全開, Zenkai) "Enforcement" (強行, Kyōkō) "Refutation" (論駁, Ronbaku) "Disregard" (不問, Fumon) "Scrutiny" (精査, Seisa) "Shudder"...

is a conspiracy theory, antisemitic canard, or urban legend. Common refutations include that consumers who prefer kosher foods include not only Jews...

Chariots of the Gods?. It was reviewed as "a coherent and much-needed refutation of von Däniken's theories". Archeologist Clifford Wilson wrote two books...

Heraclitus (commentator). Homeric Allegories. B50-67. Hippolytus of Rome. Refutation of All Heresies . Book IX, Chapter 4–5 – via Wikisource. B67a. Hisdosus...

someone is a corrupt official is considered false and therefore subject to refutation. Stefanchuk has two children who are both studying law. Stefanchuk's son...

(1935) and subsequently elaborated in writings such as Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (1963), Objective knowledge: an evolutionary...

Ruiz wrote his 1968 book Cuba: The Making of a Revolution, as a direct refutation of the betrayal thesis, and argued the Cuban Revolution was always destined...

"Behold! : the grand problem no longer unsolved: the circle squared beyond refutation." Paul Halmos referred to the book as a "classic crank book." The problem...

troops in English pay, amounting to £280,000. Despite Marlborough's refutations (claiming ancient precedent for the first allegation, and, for the second...

of God's attributes. Refutation of their statement: "the essence of the First is not divisible into genus and species". Refutation of their statement:...

Interpretation Prior Analytics Posterior Analytics Topics Sophistical Refutations Physics Physics On the Heavens On Generation and Corruption Meteorology...

However, whether the existence of these structures itself constitutes a refutation of the cosmological principle is still unclear. Ho'oleilana Bubble (2023)...

used by pseudoscientists to "immunize" a theory or belief system against refutation. Shackel, Nicholas (2005). "The Vacuity of Postmodernist Methodology"...

the two theories as a vindication for his position, rather than as a refutation. If there exist only an apple and an orange, and an orange is picked,...

There is also software for handling chess problems. After discovering refutation screening—the application of alpha–beta pruning to optimizing move evaluation—in...

raised criticism from some SGPC representatives, which are met with refutations from the Nihang. Nihangs tend to be sensitive to criticisms of the Dasam...

Latin Library. Retrieved 10 September 2008. Aristotle, Sophistical Refutations, ch. 5 "Osborne Wrigley-Pimley-McKerr III", United States Heraldic Registry...

simultaneously prove Fermat's Last Theorem. By contraposition, a disproof or refutation of Fermat's Last Theorem would disprove the Taniyama–Shimura–Weil conjecture...

describes human-AI interaction as a mutual process of conjecture and refutation in which users test assumptions about an AI system's capabilities while...

dogmatics of the belief in images, with an exhaustive discussion and refutation of all objections made in opposing writings, as well as those drawn from...

related linguistic matters. Refutations of Karaite authors, always designated by the name "Kitab al-Radd", or "Book of Refutation". These three works are...

medieval period, Buddhist philosophers like Vasubandhu developed extensive refutations of creationism and Hindu theism. Because of this, some modern scholars...

Actor–observer asymmetry (also actor–observer bias or actor–observer difference) is a bias one exhibits when forming attributions about the behavior of...

Paul-Michel Foucault (UK: /ˈfuːkoʊ/ FOO-koh, US: /fuːˈkoʊ/ foo-KOH; French: [pɔl miʃɛl fuko]; 15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984) was a French historian of...

philosophical work, Or Adonai, The Light of the Lord, became a classical Jewish refutation of medieval Aristotelianism and a harbinger of the Scientific Revolution...

or Pseudo-Aristotle (1955). "On the Cosmos, 393b12". On Sophistical Refutations. On Coming-to-be and Passing Away. On the Cosmos. Translated by Forster...

skepticism, religious skepticism, critical thinking, scientific literacy, and refutation of claims of the paranormal. It also includes titles about atheism, irreligion...

programming. It is a refinement of resolution, which is both sound and refutation complete for Horn clauses. software A collection of data or computer instructions...

instances of ideograms. In the media, there were many testimonials and refutations given by journalists for the first part of Carr's argument regarding...

The risala elicited at least seven refutations, only five of which actually survive. Like the original, the refutations seem to have been written in imitation...

Claim Refutation Menstruation (or menstrual blood) is dirty or dangerous Menstruation is a natural bodily process that occurs in humans, other primates...

Plamenatz, Karl Marx's Philosophy of Man (1975). Marx and Human Nature: Refutation of a Legend by Norman Geras (1983) Wood, Allen (2004) [1983]. Karl Marx...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

Accompanying Translations of Dante Alighieri's Monarchia, Guido Vernani's Refutation of the Monarchia Composed by Dante and Pope John XXII's Bull, Si Fratrum...

Federal Bureau of Investigation. 65-59028. Retrieved August 20, 2024. "Refutation of Communist Charges in Connection with the Rosenberg Case" (PDF). Central...

2020. Traboulsi, Samer (January 2002). Brunner, Rainer (ed.). "An Early Refutation of Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb's Reformist Views". Die Welt des Islams...

Arthur Machen's World War I Story, the Insistent Believers, and His Refutations. McFarland & Company. ISBN 9780786498673. Agnes Cardinal; Dorothy Goldman;...

having attained the mythic status that placed it beyond mere factual refutation." In the book, according to Hitchens, Orwell instead refers to it being...

(Japanese: 責任と原理) September 1, 2017 (2017-09-01) 10 "Conjectures and Refutations" Transliteration: "Suisoku to Hanbaku" (Japanese: 推測と反駁) September 8...

punctuation. Among the thirteen types of fallacies in his book Sophistical Refutations, Aristotle lists a fallacy he calls προσῳδία (prosody), later translated...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

material equality. 5...Be6!? is also possible. 6. Nxe5! The tactical refutation. White seemingly ignores the pin and surrenders the queen. Black's best...

counter-propositions (antitheses). The outcome of such a dialectic might be the refutation of a relevant proposition, or a combination of the opposing assertions...

are all that remain. Additionally, pseudo-Hippolytus mentions it in the Refutation of All Heresies, alluding to "these various changes of the soul, set forth...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

Australasian Journal of Philosophy 68(2): 137–46. Mackie, J. L. (1946). "A Refutation of Morals", Australasian Journal of Psychology and Philosophy 24: 77–90...

ISBN 978-0-393-32112-8. ——— (2009). Israel and Palestine: Reappraisals, Revisions, Refutations. Verso Books. ISBN 978-1-78960-165-7. ——— (2023). Three Worlds. Oneworld...

Wayland's Discourse, a Vindication of the Sovereignty of the People, and a Refutation of the Doctrines and Doctors of Despotism. Boston: B.T. Albro. Archived...

stars." Treatises were written to discuss its possibility, either as refutations or expressing doubts about Ptolemy's arguments against it. At the Maragha...

doubts) have found Moore's method of argument unconvincing. One form of refutation contends that Moore's attempted proof fails his second criterion for a...

and sees culture and the mind of humans as progressive. His work was a refutation of the theory of social degeneration, which was popular at the time. At...

its effect, which is why the reference to these contexts is not yet a refutation of the manipulative character of an act of communication. Propaganda is...

philosophers "need to treat the Ayn Rand phenomenon seriously" and provide refutations rather than ignoring her. In 2020, media critic Eric Burns said that...

In physical chemistry, the Polanyi potential theory, also called Polanyi's potential theory of adsorption or Eucken–Polanyi potential theory, is a model...

Islam Naqsh-e-Hayat (Autobiography of Maulana Madni). Ash-Shihabus Saqib (Refutation of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi) Maktubat Shaykh al-Islam (over 2000 pages)...

relationship with the caliph had soured after the scholar had written a direct refutation of the ruler's policy in a particular matter. After five years in exile...

Guénon also reproduces an argument coming from Shankaracharya for the refutation of atomism: two things can come into contact with one another either by...

(1979). The Gnostic Gospels. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 108. Hippolytus. Refutation of all heresies. Book 9 Ch. 7. "Saint Hippolytus of Rome". Encyclopædia...

Hincmar's request, the Irish theologian John Scotus Eriugena wrote a refutation of Gottschalk's views. Drawing on the works of Augustine, Eriugena substantiates...

Passages of L. Col. Napier's History of Peninsular War; Further Strictures; Refutation of Col. Napier's Justification, London, 1831–1834, 3 Vol.; Letter to Charles...

scientists), and critiqued the Vienna Circle in his Conjectures and Refutations. W. V. O. Quine and Pierre Duhem went even further. The Duhem–Quine thesis...

authenticity as independent of each other and requiring separate proofs or refutations. A very early (pre-110) or extremely late (post-180) date is widely (but...

Glanvill's book was in Mather's library when he died. Robert Calef published a refutation of Mather's book in 1700. Cotton Mather was born in 1663. After graduating...

PNAS using a nonstandard review system, according to a comprehensive refutation by Holliday et al (2023). According to this 2023 review, "Claiming evidence...

in accordance with the hypothesis, and finally, the justification or refutation of the hypothesis, depending on the outcome of the experiment". Plessner...

Children of Nature (1878). In the United States it was provided with a refutation and appeared as a pamphlet under the title Who was Old Mother Hubbard...

institutional crisis, with the Nishi Honganji abbot, Ryōnyo, authoring a formal refutation. Both parties appealed to the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo, who issued a...

other preliminary matters on their nature and affections, together with a refutation of objections and opposing hypotheses, occupy the first two books. In...

happens to people is determined by fate. The Stoic philosopher Chrysippus' refutation of the lazy argument is given in Cicero's On Fate and in Eusebius' Preparation...

there can be no non-existent (abhāva). An important element of Madhyamaka refutation is that the classical Buddhist doctrine of dependent arising (the idea...

accept the second congregational prayer Imam's correct qiyam in Mihrab Refutation of a fatawa about Qanoot e Nazila Blessings of Salat il Asrar, research...

completed a response to the Augsburg Confession, called Confutatio ('refutation'). Charles ordered the Evangelical theologians to admit that their argumentation...

1993. It is referenced several times in Imre Lakatos's book Proofs and Refutations, where it is described as "outstandingly good within the deductivist...

in Women in Early Christianity. 120. "John Chrysostom: Instruction and Refutation Against Those Men Living With Virgins." Translated by Patricia Cox Miller...

a proposition is repeatedly restated regardless of contradiction and refutation. The proposition can sometimes be repeated until any challenges or opposition...

of inconsistency to make restitution." Reclaiming Marx's "Capital": A Refutation of the Myth of Inconsistency, Lexington Books, December 2006, ISBN 978-0739118511...

leaders who had signed the statement. Tatchell and OutRage! published a refutation of the allegations. OutRage!'s protest against Chief Rabbi Immanuel Jakobovits...

rejection of the term Theotokos by Nestorius Constantinople more and his refutation by Cyril of Alexandria Artemi, Eirini, Свт. Кирилл Александрийский и его...

outcomes. Interestingly, there has been no intellectual challenge to the refutation of Adam Smith's invisible hand: individuals and firms, in the pursuit...

any non-contradictory way, and therefore does not constitute a valid refutation of physicalism. This view is rejected by neuroscientists Gerald Edelman...

with his essentially Stoic beliefs), while Book II contains Cicero's refutation of these from his Academic skeptic philosophical standpoint. Cicero concerns...

The Open Philosophy and the Open Society: A Reply to Dr Karl Popper's Refutations of Marxism. New York: International Publishers (1968). Media related...

create without experiencing decay, so that genesis would never stop. The Refutation attributed to Hippolytus of Rome (I, 5), and the later 6th century Byzantine...

"Brief notes on Gans Primer". cs.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 2008-04-07. "Refutations". Archived from the original on 2001-03-09. "No such tuning". Archived...

G. Mure) Topics (translated by A. W. Pickard-Cambridge) Sophistical Refutations (translated by A. W. Pickard-Cambridge) Physics (translated by R. P....

medicinal attributes. In addition, Sabur also wrote three other books A Refutation of Hunayn's Book on the Difference Between Diet and the Laxative Medicine;...

10700 e (a.k.a. tau Cet e) to False Positive Planet based on a published refutation. "Two Nearby Habitable Worlds?". Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR...

rejected by people involved with airships and their history. The primary refutation is based on the work of A. J. Dessler, D. E. Overs, and W. H. Appleby...

and Ibn Abi Layla. Kitab al-Radd ‘Ala Siyar al-Awza’i is a "reasoned refutation with broad systematic developments," of the opinions regarding the laws...

Another systematic refutation of Greek logic was written by Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328), the Ar-Radd 'ala al-Mantiqiyyin (Refutation of Greek Logicians)...

for their children, similar to modern parents. Despite these decades of refutation, the Ariès thesis persists in non-academics, who associate medieval children...

Jeffrey; Petaev, Michail I.; Claeys, Philippe (2023-07-26). "Comprehensive refutation of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH)". Earth-Science Reviews...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

fragmentary quotations that lack context. Aristotle wrote Sophistical Refutations which references sophists and criticizes some common deceptive or misleading...

Petaev, Michail I.; Claeys, Philippe (December 2023). "Comprehensive refutation of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH)". Earth-Science Reviews...

In the Victorian era, scholars claimed his principal work to be the Refutation of all Heresies. Of its ten books, Book I was the most important. It was...

Moore's most famous works are his Principia Ethica, and his essays, "The Refutation of Idealism", "A Defence of Common Sense", and "A Proof of the External...

recent editor of Valla's work, has affirmed that at the time of Valla's refutation, Constantine's alleged "donation" was no longer a matter of contemporary...

generally considered a waste of time; however, the move has no immediate refutation and has been tried by Czech grandmaster Pavel Blatny. Chess opening Encyclopaedia...

Democrats purchased WPA votes in the 1935 gubernatorial campaign. For a refutation see Leupold, Robert J. (1975). "The Kentucky WPA: Relief and Politics...

"Chapter 8. Sect of the Elchasaites; Hippolytus' Opposition to It". Refutation of All Heresies. Vol. IX – via newadvent.org. Kohler, Kaufmann; Ginzberg...

Christian techniques of theological debate, often favoring aggressive refutation over genuine understanding. This early pattern of prejudice, Daniel argues...

subject than any other thinker,—all history is indeed the experimental refutation of the theory of the so-called moral order of things,—but because of the...

Perception c. Analogies of Experience d. Postulates of Empirical Thought (Refutation of Idealism) iii. Ground of Distinction of Objects into Phenomena and...

clauses. Given a query, the Prolog engine attempts to find a resolution refutation of the negated query. If the negated query can be refuted, i.e., an instantiation...

a lot of flack, much of it deserved. But 'Enola Gay' is a resounding refutation of the notion nothing substantial, beautiful, or timeless could ever come...

unsuitable, or inexpedient. The confirmation exercise is the opposite of refutation. The student was asked to reason in favor of something drawn from legends...

James I was "concerned with the threat of Catholic assassination and refutation of the [Catholic] argument that 'faith did not need to be kept with heretics'"...

ve-Deoth (Hebrew: "beliefs and opinions"), concludes Section VI with a refutation of the doctrine of metempsychosis (reincarnation). While rebutting reincarnation...

Omar Farooq Requiem for Homo Economicus Edward J. O'Boyle, Mayo Research Institute, a refutation of reductionism in free will using tenets of natural law...

suggestion or order, especially a persistent one (b), and rejection or refutation (c). Wu (2006) argues lā is influenced by a similar la particle in Hokkien...

of Metz was Protestant, and Bossuet's first appearance in print was a refutation of the Huguenot pastor Paul Ferry (1655). During the rest of his time...

to four-syllable, human-readable names. Several platforms implement refutations of Zooko's conjecture, including: Twister (which use Swartz' system with...

the factor. What the norm means is a matter, always, for conjecture and refutation (Popper). It may be indicative of the wisest solution, or the most responsible...

metaphysical sense. Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 728 AH/1328 AD) composed a long refutation of the notion of the Imamate in his Minhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah. The...

adequate, but all second player responses are required to try to find a refutation), or vice versa. This advantage can switch sides many times during the...

not as someone else, and the existence of first-personal facts, are a refutation of physicalist philosophies of consciousness. List makes this claim on...

not as someone else, and the existence of first-personal facts, are a refutation of physicalist philosophies of consciousness. List argues that first personal...

"Don't Sweat the Technique". Digable Planets' 1993 release Reachin' (A New Refutation of Time and Space) was a hit jazz rap record. It sampled the likes of...

Nonetheless, the Papagrigorakis team asserts that the basis of this refutation is flimsy, and that the methodology used by the Shapiro team has historically...

Aristotle also mentions the koina, fallacious enthymemes, and lysis (the refutation of an opponent's enthymeme). In all of these techniques, Aristotle considers...

important foundational text for the philosophy of Vishishtadvaita. It offers refutations of the philosophical positions of Advaita and other Hindu schools. The...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

relations between the Britain and the Soviet Union. This was followed by refutation of the anti-German (as opposed to anti-Nazi) doctrine of Sir Robert Vansittart...

confirming existing attitudes Correlation does not imply causation – Refutation of a logical fallacy Empirical evidence – Knowledge acquired by means...

International Congress of Philosophy, 7, 1953, reprinted in 'Conjectures and refutations', 1963 ISBN 978-0-415-28594-0. Hellie, Benj (2013). "Against Egalitarianism"...

nonfungible, perfunctory -fūtō fut- futāv- futāt-  – confute, irrefutable, refutation, refute garriō garr- garriv- garrit-  – garrulity, garrulous gaudeō gaud-...

philosophical zombie, actually exists, the possibility is raised as a refutation of physicalism, and in defense of the hard problem of consciousness (the...

The Kuzari, full title Book of Refutation and Proof on Behalf of the Despised Religion (Judeo-Arabic: כתאב אלרד ואלדליל פי אלדין אלדׄליל; Arabic: كتاب...

FairMormons' debunking". CES Letter Foundation – via cesletter.org. "CES Letter refutations". YouTube – via YouTube. Stack, Peggy Fletcher (December 12, 2020). "FairMormon's...

chapter runs into several pages. It constitutes one of the first Christian refutations of Islam. In treating of the Heresy of the Ishmaelites he vigorously...

expression of the Shekhinah. "Emat Mafgia'" (The Fear of the Opponent), a refutation of Leon of Modena's attacks upon the Cabala, in 2 vols., Leghorn, 1858...

Oxford: Oxford University Press 1979, 117–33. Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge, 1963. Thornton, Stephen (2015-01-01)...

(Townsley 2003)[citation needed]. Moreover, Hippolytus of Rome in his Refutation of all Heresies describes a Gnostic teaching, according to which an evil...

Adolf Gasser (1903–1985) was a Swiss historian. Gasser completed his studies in Heidelberg and Zurich with doctorates in history and classical philology...

Project website "Prof. Royce's Refutation of Realism and Pluralism", The Monist 12 (1901–2): 446–458. Review: The Refutation of Idealism, Reviews, The Journal...

more accurate, and that Riley probably won. The Gundlach paper offers a refutation of the conclusions of the Associated Press study. Largely as a result...

Capita Adversus Caium demonstrate Epiphanius drew heavily from Hippolytus' Refutation of the Thirty-two Heresies. Irenaeus writes that Cerinthus was educated...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

Declaration of independence Claim of Right 1989 Barons' Letter of 1301, refutation of Papal claim to Scottish suzerainty by English barons Latin: Undeque...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

including their flaws and limitations, are used as examples in Proofs and Refutations by Lakatos (1976). The polyhedral surfaces discussed above are, in modern...

eschatology, creation, piety, authentication of Muhammad's mission and refutation of the charges against Muhammad), and some Meccan chapters have a clear...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

version found here. Gerald Harrison (2011). "Chapter 31: Frankfurt's Refutation of the Principle of Alternative Possibilities". In Michael Bruce and Steven...

esthetic manipulation." Sheed offered, in "A Fun-House Mirror", a witty refutation of Wolfe's claim that he takes on the expression and the guise of whomever...

swears by Castor in line 67, then the negative prefix in line 71 denotes a refutation against swearing by Pollux. Photius wrote that Polydeuces was a lover...

became organised in the mid-20th century, and initially involved the refutation of colonial narratives. Nationalist histories sought to generate patriotism...

exordium and peroratio, the argumentation is divided into three sections: Refutation of the accusations levelled against his private life. He demonstrates...

(k'ung), the middle way (chung-tao), the twofold truth (erh-t'i) and "the refutation of erroneous views as the illumination of right views" (p'o-hsieh-hsien-cheng)...

model finder. Most automated theorem provers try to perform a proof by refutation on the clause normal form of the proof problem, by showing that the combination...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

Wade-Giles: Huang Yüp'ien) is best known as the author of A Detailed Refutation of Heresy (破邪詳辯 Pōxié Xiángbiàn), written in 1838. A native of Gansu province...

same man. Aristotle mentions a Thrasymachus again in his Sophistical Refutations, where he credits him with a pivotal role in the development of rhetorical...

on the Mimamsa elements in Tatparya Chandrika Appayya Kapola Chapetika Refutation of the works of Appayya Dikshita Madhva Kantako Dhara Rebuttal to...

doi:10.1103/physreva.85.062116. S2CID 119273840. A Designer Universe?, a refutation of attacks on the theories of evolution and cosmology, e.g., those conducted...

thought. The sententia or answer to the question, that consists in the refutation of the initial objections against the author's solution. Some historians...

regarding "The Principle of Leadership", connecting the paradox to his refutation of Plato's defense of "benevolent despotism". In the main text, Popper...

Ezekiel Stone Wiggins Universalism unfounded being a complete analysis and refutation of the system Published 1867 in Nepean, Ontario Universalism unfounded...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

Far East. 1948. Tanaka, Masaaki. What Really Happened in Nanking: The Refutation of a Common Myth. Tokyo: Sekai Shuppan, 2000. pp. 16-17 Hata, Ikuhiko...

Dent 1977 for the traditional view; and Arrowsmith 1997, p. 31 for the refutation. "Arden Hall Bredbury, Reddish Vale, Stockport | Artware Fine Art". artwarefineart...

Islamic terrorism is a form of religious terrorism carried out by fundamentalist militant Islamists and Islamic extremists with the aim of achieving various...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

Bapir released a series of books named "Denunciation of Extremism and Refutation of Extremist Ideas" in which he wrote that the teachings of Quran encourage...

only in the second half of the 12th century, the Topics, Sophistical Refutations, and the First and Second Analytics of Aristotle. This was an advance...

al-Mu‘tamir. Another Mu‘tazilite theologian, Ja‘far ibn Mubashshir, wrote a “refutation of al-Jāḥiẓ”. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, he was "part of...

figures. Following these critiques, Craig Wright published a compelling refutation, demonstrating that Warren's analysis "does violence to the architecture...

assets. A lawyer for several of the miners' families described this as a refutation of the company's claims of "not having even enough money to pay salaries"...

measures in connection with the war, also provoked many criticisms and refutations, after his speech essentially excused Russia's aggression towards Ukraine...

"come and challenge us on live UK TV" with respect to the claims and the refutations offered for them. Square One: Michael Jackson Neverland Firsthand: Investigating...

787) – The definition of the pseudo-Seventh council (754) and a long refutation of the same (probably by Tarasius) were read. Seventh Session (13 October...

view. The concept was advocated by St Augustine of Hippo as part of his refutation of the Donatist sect. However he, as other Church Fathers before him,...

translation of the book that the dialogue was certainly not a Platonic refutation of the Eleatic doctrine. In fact, it could well be an Eleatic assessment...

scientist Thomas Jäger suspected that Scholz was aware of the invalidity and refutation of his argument, and that he held his position due to him possibly knowing...

As for the Atonement, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon is in part meant as a refutation of that very doctrine, which she saw as having sparked a fatal obsession...

Restitutions - On Truth to Size and in the writing of Babette Babich. A recent refutation of Schapiro's critique has been given by Iain Thomson (2011). Heidegger's...

from the original on 18 August 2000. "Those Are The High Flying Claims" (Refutation of the Christian missionary writings on the so-called "Satanic verses")...

revolutionary Islamist scholar Abul A'la Mawdudi made a comprehensive religious refutation of imperialism. He argued that oppressive rulers justify imperialism in...

Conklin, Denis Fortin, King and Morgan, among others, undertook the refutation of the accusations of plagiarism. At the conclusion of his report, Ramik...

Saguntine hero Murrus. According to a Greek poetic fragment preserved in the Refutation of All Heresies, humankind sprang from the Earth, with the Libyans saying...

schools possess. But almost every work of the other schools states, for refutation, the materialistic views. Our knowledge of Indian materialism is chiefly...

Responses to the problem of evil have traditionally been in three types: refutations, defenses, and theodicies. The problem of evil is generally formulated...

ibn Habib's personal attacks, he could not adhere to a merely objective refutation, but indulged in personalities. In answer to ibn Habib's observation,...

pp. 11–32. Croom, Adam M. (January 2014). "The Semantics of Slurs: A Refutation of Pure Expressivism". Language Sciences. 41, Part B: 227–242. doi:10...

Laertius - Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers Hippolytus of Rome - Refutation of All Heresies Philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle also act as doxographers...

 22–23, 28. ISBN 978-0-674-32351-3. Putnam, Hilary (March 1974). "The refutation of conventionalism". Noûs. 8 (1): 25–40. doi:10.2307/2214643. JSTOR 2214643...

two-nation theory and concept of Pakistan. The most decisive Deobandi refutation of Madani's "united nationalism", was the commentary I'la al-Sunan, written...

established clergy responded to Baptist influence with unprecedented published refutations—at least thirteen treatises between 1641 and 1646. The collapse of episcopal...

security bug in a critical piece of code for two years has been considered a refutation of Raymond's dictum. Larry Seltzer suspects that the availability of source...

Denis Fortin, King and Morgan, and Morgan, among others, undertook the refutation of the accusations of plagiarism. At the conclusion of his report, Ramik...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

killer moves at its depth. This idea can be generalized into a set of refutation tables. A generalization of the killer heuristic is the history heuristic...

Saba' in his book Abdullah bin Saba: The Unknown Reality. This book was a refutation of those who denied the existence of Abd Allah ibn Saba' giving the excuse...

an overwhelming amount of evidence had accumulated that amounts to a refutation of the extreme forms of "blank-slatism" advocated by Watson or Montagu...

or sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) to determine their validity, the refutation of heretics, and the codification of law; strictly forbidden (muḥarramah)...

commentary; thus his commentary on Enchiridion 27 (Simplicius ch. 35) becomes a refutation of Manichaeism. The Enchiridion was adapted three different times by Greek...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

and apparently the only one who composed a book solely devoted to the refutation of Basilides. Little is known of him besides second-hand passing in ancient...

of the main contributors to logic in classical India, he developed a refutation of God's existence like many of his fellow Buddhist thinkers. Diagoras...

Père de famille Conversation with the Marèchale de *** Sur les femmes Refutation of Helvetius La Religieuse Rameau's Nephew D'Alembert's Dream Jacques...

since at least the ancient Greeks. Aristotle, in his work Sophistical Refutations, detailed the fallaciousness of putting the questioner but not the argument...

Open Society and Its Enemies (1945) and also later in Conjectures and Refutations (1963), Unended Quest (1976), and The Myth of the Framework (1994). Popper...

His other works include: Tratado de la religion (1595), intended as a refutation of Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince; Tratado de la tribulación (Madrid...

historical review of abortion restrictions and a tidy but irrelevant refutation of the straw-man argument that a fetus is a constitutional 'person' entitled...

Qadri Language Urdu, English, Bangla, Hindi Series Deobandi Fitna Ka Radd Genre Refutation Published 1974 Publication date 1974 Publication place India...

confirms or validates the material given in the narratio and partitio. the refutation of possible opposing arguments, or confutatio. If the rhetor anticipates...

doctrine of the Imamate and a refutation of the Sunni doctrine of the caliphate. Ibn Taymiyyah later wrote a refutation of the book, titled Minhaj as-Sunnah...

of metaphysics in India, he published Classical Indian Metaphysics: Refutations of Realism and the Emergence of the "New Logic," highlighting the increasing...

Interpretation Prior Analytics Posterior Analytics Topics Sophistical Refutations Physics Physics On the Heavens On Generation and Corruption Meteorology...

the Truth About Their Church and God Can “Church Membership” Save? A Refutation of the Iglesia Ni Cristo Argument [Is It Wrong To Privately Interpret...

impressive—represented a huge victory over the Depression. And it's in no sense a refutation of Keynesianism, either. Even in Keynesian models, a small open economy...

Quran. To dismantle these claims, Al-Rafi'i cited Al-Ma'arri's direct refutation of the notorious heretic Ibn al-Rawandi. In this text, Al-Ma'arri explicitly...

to the actions of humankind and does not reward virtue. Some of the refutations of these views are developed at considerable length. Throughout the text...

Schoenbaum 2015, p. 181 Griffel 2020, Lead section, § 3. Al-Ghazâlî's 'Refutations' of Falsafa and Ismâ'îlism Vassilopoulou & Clark 2009, p. 303 Wolenski...

passages as grounds for their heresy, another passage nearby provides the refutation. Thus (the heretics questioned the use of the plural regarding God in...

The Infante Don Miguel as King of Portugal or Analysis and Juridical Refutation of the Act Passed by the Denominated Three States of the Kingdom of Portugal...

al-Baydawi Asas al-Taqdis (The Foundation of Declaring God's Transcendence) Refutation of Ibn Khuzayma, the Karramites, and the Anthropomorphists 'Aja'ib al-Qur'an...

he published a collection of polemics titled Al-Radd ʻalā al-dahrīyīn "Refutation of the Materialists", agitating for pan-Islamic unity against Western...

Divinity degree in 1524. The subject of his disputation for the degree was a refutation of the new ideas of the Reformation emerging from the Continent, in particular...

George (1892). The Earl of Derby. New York: Harper and Brothers. p. 51. Refutation of Lord Stanley's Calumnies against the Catholic Clergy of Ireland, reprint...

Kr. no. 2583; The Book of Metaphysics, Kr. no. 2681; The Book of the Refutation of Aristotle in his Book On the Soul, Kr. no. 2734). Of one treatise (The...

The "Passerae" were a proposed "parvclass" of birds in the Sibley–Ahlquist taxonomy. This taxon is a variation on the theme of "near passerines", birds...

Cognitive Relativism, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy The problem of self-refutation is quite general. It arises whether truth is relativized to a framework...

thirteen fallacies originally identified by Aristotle in Sophistical Refutations. For example: People who commit crimes are criminals. Cutting people...

Quran') Kitāb Radd Awa'il al-Adilla, a refutation of a Mu'tazili book Radd al-Tahdhib fi al-Jadal, another refutation of a Mu'tazili book Kitāb Bayan Awham...

the original on 11 August 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2009. A Refutation of the Claimed Refutation of the Non-linguistic Nature of Indus Symbols: Invented Data...

and the possibility of infinite "realities", as in his essay "New Time Refutations" (1946). Bifurcation theory is a model in chaos theory of order appearing...

mechanics should be described as "incomplete". Niels Bohr asserted a refutation of Einstein's analysis immediately, and his view prevailed. After some...

2025. Carson Block, Muddy Waters Capital LLC "Distorting the Shorts; A refutation of Joshua Mitts’ “Short and Distort” (2020), Securities and Exchange Commission...

views remained popular. Irish theologian John Scotus Eriugena wrote a refutation of Gottschalk. Eriugena abandoned Augustine's teaching on predestination...

been sent in 792 to Pope Hadrian I, who had replied with an attempt at a refutation. The Libri Carolini was then composed as a fuller rebuttal of Hadrian's...

versions in Syriac. These include: Plato's Laws; Aristotle's Sophistical Refutations (from a Syriac translation by Theophilus of Edessa) and Topics (from...

forming any part of the developing larva. This seemed to be an important refutation of both early preformation ideas and the later mosaic theory of Wilhelm...

Manrique-Vallier, Daniel; Ball, Patrick (January 2019). "Reality and risk: A refutation of S. Rendón's analysis of the Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission's...

through poetry criticizing the Fatimids. Qadir also commissioned several refutations of Ismaili doctrines, including those written by the Mu'tazili 'Ali b...

of Homeland Security stated that it saw no reason to question those refutations. The National Security Agency, as well as the Government Communications...

Interpretation Prior Analytics Posterior Analytics Topics Sophistical Refutations Physics Physics On the Heavens On Generation and Corruption Meteorology...

his military reputation. Selected works in English Anti-Machiavel: The Refutation of Machiavelli s Prince. Translated by Sonnino, Paul. Athens, OH: Ohio...

trivial and uninteresting). Aristotle discusses this in Sophistical Refutations and in Prior Analytics book II, (64b, 34–65a 9, for circular reasoning...

had the same octopus imagery on the front cover. Among the earliest refutations of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion as a forgery were a series of...

attacks against Crime Intelligence". IOL. Retrieved 24 September 2025. "Refutation of baseless allegation by General Mkhwanazi". Democratic Alliance. Retrieved...

Retrieved 10 July 2023. Haughwout, M. S. (2024). Mt. Ebal curse tablet? A refutation of the claims regarding the so called Mt. Ebal curse tablet. Heritage...

skepticism is true) Universal skepticism is false. Kant uses an example in his refutation of idealism. Idealists believe that objects have no existence independent...

reconciled just before Maresius’ death. Alting was involved in various refutations of Spinoza's Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (TTP) and eagerly began drafting...

of Anaxagoras; His Origin of the Earth and of Animals; Other Systems". Refutation of All Heresies (Book I). Translated by John Henry MacMahon. — From Roberts...

government was overthrown, although there were several claims and subsequent refutations of his capture. Eventually, in late 2014, it was discovered he was in...

Forintos & Haág (1983), p. 110 Avetik Grigoryan, Stafford Gambit – The Refutation, Chessmood, 6 April, 2021 "Position Search after 19.Nd2". Chessgames.com...

of the Apostles and Pauline Epistles.[citation needed] He also wrote refutations against Bardaisan, Mani, Marcion and others. Ephrem's writings contain...

Nahar Muhammed (2018). "Iraq is not Artificial: Iraqi Trends and the Refutation of the Artificial State Hypothesis". AlMuntaqa. 1 (3). Arab Center for...

Al-Sunan, a 20-volume Hadith encyclopedia of Hanafi proofs, written as a refutation by the Hanafi school against the objections raised by the growing Ahl-i...

their specific claims outright, saying the latter approach has weakened refutations of such theories, some of which cite exceptional documentary evidence...

Interpretation Prior Analytics Posterior Analytics Topics Sophistical Refutations Physics Physics On the Heavens On Generation and Corruption Meteorology...

declared al-Lakhnawī an unbeliever because of his teachings or wrote refutations of his writings. The Sufi Mehr ʿAlī Shāh (d. 1937), who worked in Punjab...

day of judgement". See al-Ghazali's Tahafut al-falasifa, Problem XX, "Refutation of their Denial of the Resurrection of Bodies" (tr. S. A. Kamali, [1963])...

during the late awful calamity in Philadelphia, in the year 1793: and a refutation of some censures, thrown upon them in some late publications. They confronted...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

(1960) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) Conjectures and Refutations (1963) One-Dimensional Man (1964) Knowledge and Human Interests (1968)...

xi. ch. 118, 508c-d Aristotle, Posterior Analytics, 75b4; Sophistical Refutations, 171b16, 172a3 Aristotle, Rhetoric, 3.2, 1405b6-16 Diogenes Laërtius...

World Change) Yuan qiang 原強 (On the Origin of Strength) Pi Han 辟韓 (In Refutation of Han Yu) Jiuwang jue lun 救亡決論 (On our Salvation) Later, from 1898 to...

here contrived by the advocates of free will is too absurd to deserve refutation. According to them, under the figure of a wounded man is described the...

spoke for some two hours explaining his claims, teachings and speaking in refutation of objections raised against his person; here, he preached reconciliation...

Christianity and survives exclusively in quotations from it in Contra Celsum, a refutation written in 248 by Origen of Alexandria. Margaret MacDonald says Celsus'...