DOSEN PROFIL LENGKAP

In physics, a quantum (pl.: quanta) is the minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction. The fundamental notion...

foundation of quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum biology, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science...

A quantum computer is a real or theoretical computer that exploits quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement in an essential way. It is widely...

disclosed from the catalog. The TAO has developed an attack suite they call QUANTUM. It relies on a compromised router that duplicates internet traffic, typically...

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms...

Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon in which the quantum state of each particle in a group cannot be described independently of the state of the others...

In physics, quantum tunnelling, barrier penetration, or simply tunnelling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or...

Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks unification of the theory of gravity with the principles of quantum mechanics. It deals...

Look up quantum leap in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Quantum leap or variation, may refer to: Quantum leap (physics), also known as quantum jump, a...

predating modern quantum mechanics Quantum field theory, an area of quantum mechanics that includes: Quantum electrodynamics Quantum chromodynamics Electroweak...

Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum coherence. It involves generally a loss of information of a system to its environment. Quantum decoherence...

Quantum of Solace is a 2008 action spy film and the twenty-second in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions. Directed by Marc Forster and written...

In the mathematical field of knot theory, a quantum knot invariant or quantum invariant of a knot or link is a linear sum of colored Jones polynomial...

Quantum mechanics is the study of matter and matter's interactions with energy on the scale of atomic and subatomic particles. By contrast, classical...

The quantum mind or quantum consciousness is a group of hypotheses proposing that local physical laws and interactions from classical mechanics or connections...

theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics. QFT is used...

h} , is a fundamental physical constant of foundational importance in quantum mechanics: a photon's energy is equal to its frequency multiplied by the...

Quantum dots (QDs) or semiconductor nanocrystals are semiconductor particles a few nanometres in size with optical and electronic properties that differ...

Quantum superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics that states that linear combinations of solutions to the Schrödinger equation are...

corresponds to the graviton, a quantum mechanical particle that carries the gravitational force. Thus, string theory is a theory of quantum gravity. String theory...

Quantum Break is a 2016 action-adventure third-person shooter video game developed by Remedy Entertainment and published by Microsoft Studios. The game...

Quantum error correction (QEC) comprises a set of techniques used in quantum memory and quantum computing to protect quantum information from errors arising...

condensed matter physics, quantum hydrodynamics (QHD) is most generally the study of hydrodynamic-like systems which demonstrate quantum mechanical behavior...

The conductance quantum, denoted by the symbol G0, is the quantized unit of electrical conductance. It is defined by the elementary charge e and Planck...

also Quantum mechanics.) Quantum may also refer to: Quantum, in neuroscience, refers to a discrete component of a physiological response Quantum Magazine...

Quantum Computation and Quantum Information is a textbook about quantum information science written by Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang, regarded as a...

Quantum mysticism, sometimes referred to pejoratively as quantum quackery or quantum woo, is a set of metaphysical beliefs and associated practices that...

Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties such as quantum entanglement, measurement disturbance, no-cloning theorem...

In physics, quantum acoustics is the study of sound under conditions such that quantum mechanical effects are relevant. For most applications, classical...

The many-worlds interpretation (MWI) is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that asserts that the universal wavefunction is objectively real, and that...

Quantum teleportation is a technique for transferring quantum information from a sender at one location to a receiver some distance away. While teleportation...

Quantum networks form an important element of quantum computing and quantum communication systems. Quantum networks facilitate the transmission of information...

In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the study of the strong interaction between quarks mediated by gluons. Quarks are fundamental...

accurate models for the interaction with spin require relativistic quantum mechanics or quantum field theory. The existence of electron spin angular momentum...

Quantum information science is an interdisciplinary field that combines the principles of quantum mechanics, information theory, and computer science...

quantum computing, a quantum register is a system comprising multiple qubits. It is the quantum analogue of the classical processor register. Quantum...

A quantum battery is a type of electric battery that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to store energy. They have the potential to be more efficient...

Quantum suicide is a thought experiment in quantum mechanics and the philosophy of physics. Purportedly, it can falsify any interpretation of quantum...

Quantum Philosophy is a 2002 book by French physicist Roland Omnès, in which he aims to show the non-specialist reader how modern developments in quantum...

interpretation of quantum mechanics is an attempt to explain how the mathematical theory of quantum mechanics might correspond to experienced reality. Quantum mechanics...

In quantum physics and chemistry, quantum numbers are quantities that characterize the possible states of the system. To fully specify the state of the...

φῶς, φωτός (phôs, phōtós) 'light') is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such...

lithography. Quantum lithography is closely related to the fields of quantum imaging, quantum metrology, and quantum sensing. The effect exploits the quantum mechanical...

In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit...

In mathematical physics, the concept of quantum spacetime is a generalization of the usual concept of spacetime in which some variables that ordinarily...

term quantum group denotes one of a few different kinds of noncommutative algebras with additional structure. These include Drinfeld–Jimbo type quantum groups...

Quantum engineering is the development of technology that capitalizes on the laws of quantum mechanics. This type of engineering uses quantum mechanics...

In quantum physics, a quantum fluctuation (also known as a vacuum state fluctuation or vacuum fluctuation) is the temporary random change in the amount...

In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution...

with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas...

007: Quantum of Solace is a 2008 shooter video game published by Activision. Based on the James Bond films Casino Royale (2006) and Quantum of Solace (2008)...

Quantum Leap is an American science fiction television series, created by Donald P. Bellisario, that aired on NBC for five seasons, from March 26, 1989...

The quantum harmonic oscillator is the quantum-mechanical analog of the classical harmonic oscillator. Because an arbitrary smooth potential can usually...

In quantum computing, quantum supremacy or quantum advantage is the goal of demonstrating that a programmable quantum computer can solve a problem that...

function of a non-relativistic quantum-mechanical system. Its discovery was a significant landmark in the development of quantum mechanics. It is named after...

Quantum chemistry, also called molecular quantum mechanics, is a branch of physical chemistry focused on the application of quantum mechanics to chemical...

In physics, a quantum vortex represents a quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity. In most cases, quantum vortices are a type of topological...

Quantum biology is the study of applications of quantum mechanics and theoretical chemistry to aspects of biology that cannot be accurately described...

In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information, the quantum version of the classic binary bit. A qubit...

Quantum tomography or quantum state tomography is the process by which a quantum state is reconstructed using measurements on an ensemble of identical...

In quantum computing, a quantum algorithm is an algorithm that runs on a realistic model of quantum computation, the most commonly used model being the...

of quantum mechanics is a fundamental part of the history of modern physics. The major chapters of this history begin with the emergence of quantum ideas...

Quantum information is the information of the state of a quantum system. It is the basic entity of study in quantum information science, and can be manipulated...

Quantum defect may refer to: Quantum defect (lasers), an unavoidable inefficiency in laser beam generation The effective nuclear charge correction in hydrogen-like...

In condensed matter physics, quantum oscillations describes a series of related experimental techniques used to map the Fermi surface of a metal in the...

Quantum microscopy allows microscopic properties of matter and quantum particles to be measured and imaged. Various types of microscopy use quantum principles...

Shor's algorithm is a quantum algorithm for finding the prime factors of an integer. It was developed in 1994 by the American mathematician Peter Shor...

Quantum feedback or quantum feedback control is a class of methods to prepare and manipulate a quantum system in which that system's quantum state or trajectory...

known as Heisenberg's indeterminacy principle, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. It states that there is a limit to the precision with which...

mathematics, specifically in symplectic topology and algebraic geometry, a quantum cohomology ring is an extension of the ordinary cohomology ring of a closed...

Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity that incorporates matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the intrinsic...

Quantum foam (also known as spacetime foam, or spacetime bubble) is a theoretical quantum fluctuation of spacetime on very small scales due to quantum...

Quantum: The Magazine of Math and Science was a United States-based bimonthly magazine of mathematics and science, primarily physics, designed for young...

The quantum pendulum is a theoretical model and experimental system that studies how a pendulum behaves under quantum mechanics. It is fundamental in...

Quantum radar is a remote-sensing technology based on quantum-mechanical effects, such as the uncertainty principle or quantum entanglement. Broadly speaking...

Quantum of the Seas is a Quantum-class cruise ship currently operated by Royal Caribbean International and is the lead ship of her class. At her time of...

effect occurs in quantum mechanics, as demonstrated by the double-slit experiment. Physicists have found that observation of quantum phenomena by a detector...

In quantum mechanics, a wave function (or wavefunction) is a mathematical description of the quantum state of an isolated quantum system. The most common...

In quantum computing, a quantum memory is the quantum-mechanical version of ordinary computer memory. Whereas ordinary memory stores information as binary...

Quantum Baby is the seventh studio album by American singer Tinashe. It was released on August 16, 2024, through her independent label, Tinashe Music...

Quantum crystallography is a branch of crystallography that investigates crystalline materials within the framework of quantum mechanics, with analysis...

Within quantum technology, a quantum sensor utilizes quantum mechanical phenomena, such as quantum superposition, quantum entanglement, and quantum squeezing...

This list contains quantum processors, also known as quantum processing units (QPUs). Some devices listed below have only been announced at press conferences...

In quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel that can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information. An...

Quantum machine learning (QML) is the study of quantum algorithms for machine learning. It often refers to quantum algorithms for machine learning tasks...

Quantum meruit is a Latin phrase meaning "what one has earned". In the context of contract law, it means something along the lines of "reasonable value...

In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and...

The quantum potential or quantum potentiality is a central concept of the de Broglie–Bohm formulation of quantum mechanics, introduced by David Bohm in...

Quantum capacitance, also known as chemical capacitance is defined as the variation of electrical charge q {\displaystyle q} with respect to the variation...

Quantum Corporation is a data storage, management, and protection company that provides technology to store, manage, archive, and protect video and unstructured...

In quantum physics, a measurement is the testing or manipulation of a physical system to yield a numerical result. A fundamental feature of quantum theory...

Quantum robotics is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the intersection of robotics and quantum mechanics. This field, in particular, explores...

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that implements a cryptographic protocol based on the laws of quantum mechanics, specifically...

theoretical physics, quantum nonlocality refers to the phenomenon by which the measurement statistics of a multipartite quantum system do not allow an...

Quantum evolution is a component of George Gaylord Simpson's multi-tempoed theory of evolution proposed to explain the rapid emergence of higher taxonomic...

Quantum simulators permit the study of a quantum system in a programmable fashion. In this instance, simulators are special purpose devices designed to...

In quantum mechanics, a quantum operation (also known as quantum dynamical map or quantum process) is a mathematical formalism used to describe a broad...

Quantum walks are quantum analogs of classical random walks. In contrast to the classical random walk, where the walker occupies definite states and the...

of gauge symmetries appeared first in the relativistic quantum mechanics of electrons – quantum electrodynamics, elaborated-on below. Today, gauge theories...

Macroscopic quantum phenomena are processes showing quantum behaviour at the macroscopic scale, rather than at the atomic scale where quantum effects are...

In various interpretations of quantum mechanics, wave function collapse, also called reduction of the state vector, occurs when a wave function—initially...

Quantum programming refers to the process of designing and implementing algorithms that operate on quantum systems, typically using quantum circuits composed...

Quantum Clustering (QC) is a class of data-clustering algorithms that use conceptual and mathematical tools from quantum mechanics. QC belongs to the family...

Quantum Error is a 2023 action horror video game developed and published by TeamKill Media. The game was released digitally for the PlayStation 5 on November...

The path integral formulation is a description in quantum mechanics that generalizes the stationary action principle of classical mechanics. It replaces...

teachings, attempts to integrate Ayurveda with quantum mechanics. Chopra says that what he calls "quantum healing" cures any manner of ailments, including...

Quantum annealing (QA) is an optimization process for finding the global minimum of a given objective function over a given set of candidate solutions...

In quantum mechanics, quantum scarring is a phenomenon where the eigenstates of a classically chaotic quantum system have enhanced probability density...

A quantum well is a potential well wherein the energy spectrum of charge carriers is discrete. As opposed to a bulk region, wherein the carriers are free...

In quantum computing, the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a linear transformation on quantum bits, and is the quantum analogue of the discrete Fourier...

Quantum-Systems GmbH is a German technology company headquartered in Gilching, founded in 2015. The company specializes in the development, design and...

In mathematics, the quantum dilogarithm is a special function defined by the formula ϕ ( x ) ≡ ( x ; q ) ∞ = ∏ n = 0 ∞ ( 1 − x q n ) , | q | < 1 {\displaystyle...

Quantum Aesthetics is a movement that was inaugurated by Gregorio Morales at the end of the 1990s with his work “El cadaver de Balzac” or Balzac's Corpse...

Look up quantum or vacuum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The quantum vacuum state or simply quantum vacuum is the state with the lowest possible energy...

In quantum computing, Grover's algorithm, also known as the quantum search algorithm, is a quantum algorithm for unstructured search that finds with high...

In quantum mechanics, the principal quantum number (n) of an electron in an atom indicates which electron shell or energy level it is in. Its values are...

The scientific school of Quantum electrochemistry began to form in the 1960s under Revaz Dogonadze. Generally speaking, the field comprises the notions...

Quantum Leopard is a comedy night in London that is hosted and organised by James Ross. It was created in 2015 and has won multiple Chortle Awards. A...

A quantum dot display is a display device that uses quantum dots (QDs), semiconductor nanocrystals which can produce pure monochromatic red, green, and...

In quantum computing, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a quantum algorithm for quantum chemistry, quantum simulations and optimization problems...

The Quantum Fireball was a brand of 3.5-inch hard disk drives made by Quantum Corporation from 1995 to 2001. The first models in the series were 5400...

In mathematics, a quantum groupoid is any of a number of notions in noncommutative geometry analogous to the notion of groupoid. In usual geometry, the...

the idea, because of quantum decoherence, that quantum indeterminacy can be ignored for most macroscopic events. Random quantum events "average out" in...

Quantum volume is a metric that measures the capabilities and error rates of a quantum computer. It expresses the maximum size of square quantum circuits...

Quantum thermodynamics is the study of the relations between two independent physical theories: thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. The two independent...

The quantum Hall effect (or integer quantum Hall effect) is a quantized version of the Hall effect which is observed in two-dimensional electron systems...

mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics are those mathematical formalisms that permit a rigorous description of quantum mechanics. This mathematical...

In particle physics, the quantum yield (denoted Φ) of a radiation-induced process is the number of times a specific event occurs per photon absorbed by...

Quantum indeterminacy is the apparent necessary incompleteness in the description of a physical system, that has become one of the characteristics of...

A quantum jump is the abrupt transition of a quantum system (atom, molecule, atomic nucleus) from one quantum state to another, from one energy level...

In chemistry and quantum mechanics, the spin quantum number is a quantum number (designated s) that describes the intrinsic angular momentum (or spin...

Quantum praedecessores is a papal bull issued on 1 December 1145 by Pope Eugenius III, calling for a Second Crusade. It was the first papal bull issued...

Quantum contextuality is a feature of the phenomenology of quantum mechanics whereby measurements of quantum observables cannot simply be thought of as...

originates at the quantum level inside neurons (rather than being a product of neural connections). The mechanism is held to be a quantum process called...

Quantum compression may refer to: Data compression as it relates to quantum computing Quantum, one of several compression algorithms used by CAB This...

In quantum field theory, the quantum vacuum state (also called the quantum vacuum or vacuum state) is the quantum state with the lowest possible energy...

Quantum computation, which exploits quantum parallelism, is in principle faster than a classical computer for certain problems. Quantum image is encoding...

Quantum Darwinism is a theory meant to explain the emergence of the classical world from the quantum world as due to a process of Darwinian natural selection...

merge the Quantum Fund with the Quantum Emerging Growth Fund to form the Quantum Endowment Fund. The intention was to transform the Quantum Fund into...

Quantum fingerprinting is a proposed technique that uses a quantum computer to generate a string with a similar function to the cryptographic hash function...

SAAB Quantum was a series of five privately designed and built automobiles using various Saab components. The earliest used Saab 93 two-stroke engines...

Quantum International was a US-based direct response television company specialized in the creation of infomercial programming around the world. The company...

physics, a quantum spin liquid is a phase of matter that can be formed by interacting quantum spins in certain magnetic materials. Quantum spin liquids...

PsiQuantum, Corp. (formerly PsiQ) is an American quantum computing company based in Palo Alto, California. It is developing a general-purpose silicon...

Look up quantum jump in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A quantum jump is a scientific phenomenon, a transition between quantum states. Quantum jump may...

everyday interactions with light can be understood using geometrical optics. Quantum optics is an important research area in modern physics. The main source...

In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian of a system is an operator corresponding to the total energy of that system, including both kinetic energy and potential...

Advocates of quantum healing assert that quantum phenomena govern health and wellbeing. There are different versions, which allude to various quantum ideas including...

Quantum Moves is an online citizen science simulation video game where players move quantum atoms. The game is part of the ScienceAtHome umbrella project...

quantum computing is a branch of quantum computing and solid-state physics that implements superconducting electronic circuits as qubits in a quantum...

Blood quantum laws or Indian blood laws are laws that define Native Americans in the United States status by fractions of Native American ancestry. These...

addition to the classical wave model for understanding optical interference, quantum matter waves also demonstrate interference. The above can be demonstrated...

development of quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing. Quantum computing and communication are two sub-fields of quantum information...

description of physical reality provided by quantum mechanics is incomplete. In a 1935 paper titled "Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality...

In quantum mechanics, the azimuthal quantum number ℓ is a quantum number for an atomic orbital that determines its orbital angular momentum and describes...

Quantum Space may refer to: Quantum Space, a 1989 play-by-email game by Stormfront Studios Quantum Space (company), a space industry company founded in...

combined relativity and quantum mechanics and, working with other physicists, developed quantum electrodynamics that combines quantum mechanics and electromagnetism...

analysis of quantum foundations, quantum logic is a set of rules for manip­ulation of propositions inspired by the structure of quantum theory. The formal...

Xanadu Quantum Technologies is a Canadian quantum computing hardware and software company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The company develops cloud...

Quantum readout is a method to verify the authenticity of an object. The method is secure provided that the object cannot be copied or physically emulated...

Quantum is an online-only, open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal for quantum science and related fields. The journal was established in 2017. Quantum...

The Quantum Bigfoot series was a type of hard disk drives produced by Quantum Corp. from 1996 through the late 1990s. The Bigfoot series was notable for...

Quantum materials is an umbrella term in condensed matter physics that encompasses all materials whose essential properties cannot be described in terms...

Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light)...

In quantum information theory, quantum discord is a measure of nonclassical correlations between two subsystems of a quantum system. It includes correlations...

Quantum Web is a studio album by American singer and producer JJ Weihl under the name Discovery Zone. It was released on March 8, 2024, through RVNG Intl...

scale where quantum effects are significant. Important applications of quantum theory include quantum chemistry, quantum optics, quantum computing, superconducting...

In physics, quantum beats are simple examples of phenomena that cannot be described by semiclassical theory, but can be described by fully quantized calculation...

Austrian–Irish theoretical physicist who developed fundamental results in quantum theory. In particular, he is recognized for devising the Schrödinger equation...

Quantum Space is a company founded in 2022 that plans to develop a line of spacecraft called Ranger that will operate in geosynchronous and cislunar space...

In condensed matter physics and quantum information theory, the quantum double model, proposed by Alexei Kitaev, is a lattice model that exhibits topological...

In quantum mechanics, the Pauli exclusion principle states that two or more identical particles with half-integer spins (i.e., fermions) cannot simultaneously...

timeline of quantum computing and communication. Erwin Schrödinger publishes a theorem setting the basis for quantum steering and the limits of quantum state...

In quantum mechanics, notably in quantum information theory, fidelity quantifies the "closeness" between two density matrices. It expresses the probability...

Quantum finance is an interdisciplinary research field that applies theories and methods developed by quantum physicists and economists to finance. It...

The quantum efficiency (QE) of a photodetector is a measure of its electrical response to light. Another name for it is incident photon to converted electron...

Quantum Reality is a 1985 popular science book by physicist Nick Herbert, a member of the Fundamental Fysiks Group which was formed to explore the philosophical...

The Quantum Vacuum: An Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics is a physics textbook written by Peter W. Milonni in 1993. The book covers zero-point energy...

In physics, relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is any Poincaré-covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM). This theory is applicable to massive...

The Quantum class is a class of cruise ships from Royal Caribbean International, previously known by the code name Project Sunshine. On 11 February 2011...

Quantum dissipation is the branch of physics that studies the quantum analogues of the process of irreversible loss of energy observed at the classical...

A delayed-choice quantum eraser experiment is an elaboration on the quantum eraser experiment that incorporates concepts considered in John Archibald Wheeler's...

The old quantum theory is a collection of results from the years 1900–1925, which predate modern quantum mechanics. The theory was never complete or self-consistent...

A quantum money scheme is a quantum cryptographic protocol that creates and verifies banknotes that are resistant to forgery. It is based on the principle...

Quantum noise is any noise arising from quantum mechanical phenomena such as field quantization or the uncertainty principle. Quantum noise differs from...

Quantum inequalities are local constraints on the magnitude and extent of distributions of negative energy density in space-time. Initially conceived...

matrix theory and simulations with quantum computers prove that some versions of the butterfly effect in quantum mechanics do not exist. Other authors...

Google Quantum AI is a research division of Google focused on developing quantum computing technologies. Its plan is to build large-scale, error-corrected...

Copenhagen interpretation is a collection of views about the meaning of quantum mechanics, stemming from the work of Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Max...

a quantum computing company formed by the merger of Cambridge Quantum and Honeywell Quantum Solutions. The company's H-Series trapped-ion quantum computers...

The term quantum singularity is used to refer to many different phenomena in fiction. They often only approximate a gravitational singularity in the scientific...

Quantum Conundrum is a puzzle-platform game developed by Airtight Games and published by Square Enix. It was directed by Portal lead designer Kim Swift...

Microsoft Azure Quantum is a public cloud-based quantum computing platform developed by Microsoft, that offers quantum hardware, software, and solutions...

Quantum turbulence is the name given to the turbulent flow – the chaotic motion of a fluid at high flow rates – of quantum fluids, such as superfluids...

general relativity with the laws of quantum physics remains a problem, however, as no self-consistent theory of quantum gravity has been found. It is not...

Quantum satis (abbreviation q.s. or Q.S.) is a Latin term meaning the amount which is enough. It has its origins as a quantity specification in medicine...

Quantum phases are quantum states of matter at zero temperature. Even at zero temperature a quantum-mechanical system has quantum fluctuations and therefore...

problem in physics and a paradox that appears when the predictions of quantum mechanics and general relativity are combined. The theory of general relativity...

IBM Quantum Platform (previously known as IBM Quantum Experience) is an online platform allowing public and premium access to cloud-based quantum computing...

In quantum physics, a quantum instrument is a mathematical description of a quantum measurement, capturing both the classical and quantum outputs. It can...

Quantum Redshift is a video game for the Xbox console, developed by Curly Monsters and published by Microsoft Game Studios in 2002. The game is a futuristic...

In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation, similar to classical circuits, in which a computation is a sequence...

known theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum theory. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from...

Quantum valebant is a Latin phrase meaning "as much as they were worth". It is sometimes used in its singular form, quantum valebat, meaning “as much...

Quantum cognition uses the mathematical formalism of quantum probability theory to model psychology phenomena when classical probability theory fails....

Although the term quantum coupling does not have a universally accepted definition in scientific literature—unlike quantum entanglement or the coupling...

A quantum compass is an instrument which measures relative position using the technique of atom interferometry. It includes an ensemble of accelerometers...

Quantum foundations is a discipline of science and philosophy of physics that seeks to understand the most counter-intuitive aspects of quantum theory...

Quantum Leap is an American science fiction television series that aired on NBC. Developed by Steven Lilien and Bryan Wynbrandt, it is a revival of the...

49.256613°N 122.9990452°W / 49.256613; -122.9990452 D-Wave Quantum Inc. is a quantum computing company with locations in Palo Alto, California and...

known as mini black holes and quantum mechanical black holes, are hypothetical tiny (<1 M☉) black holes, for which quantum mechanical effects play an important...

In quantum mechanics, a quantum eraser experiment is an interferometer experiment that demonstrates several fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics,...

Quantum cloning is a process that takes an arbitrary, unknown quantum state and makes an exact copy without altering the original state in any way. Quantum...

In physics, an open quantum system is a quantum mechanical system that interacts with an external quantum system, known as the environment or the bath...

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing is characterized by quantum processors containing up to 1,000 qubits which are not advanced enough yet...

Unsolved problem in physics Yang–Mills theory and the mass gap. Quantum particles described by the theory have mass but the classical waves of the field...

Quantum Supremacy: How the Quantum Computer Revolution Will Change Everything is a non-fiction book by the American futurist and physicist Michio Kaku...

Quantum metrology is the study of making high-resolution and highly sensitive measurements of physical parameters using quantum theory to describe the...

Industrias Quantum Motors SA is a vehicle manufacturing company based in Cochabamba, Bolivia and founded by José Carlos Márquez and Carlos Suroco Deiters...

integrated quantum photonics is Quantum technology:, for example quantum computing, quantum communication, quantum simulation, quantum walks and quantum metrology...

three pillars of modern physics: Quantum mechanics: Interpretations of quantum theory, including the nature of quantum states, the measurement problem...

In quantum mechanics, a density matrix (or density operator) is a matrix used in calculating the probabilities of the outcomes of measurements performed...

necessary at all? Quantum gravity: Can quantum mechanics and general relativity be realized as a fully consistent theory (perhaps as a quantum field theory)...

Quantum complexity theory is the subfield of computational complexity theory that deals with complexity classes defined using quantum computers, a computational...

Blood Quantum is a 2019 Canadian horror film written, directed, and edited by Jeff Barnaby and starring Michael Greyeyes, Elle-Máijá Tailfeathers, Forrest...

India's quantum computer is the proposed and planned quantum computer to be developed in India by 2026. A quantum computer is a computer based on quantum phenomena...

computational power of naturally available systems, both classical and quantum mechanical, can be used to reduce the effective computational cost. The...

Quantum chaos is a branch of physics focused on how chaotic classical dynamical systems can be described in terms of quantum theory. The primary question...

data formats. Its name comes from an abbreviation of its previous name, Quantum GIS. QGIS functions as geographic information system (GIS) software, allowing...

In quantum field theory, the Casimir effect (or Casimir force) is a physical force acting on the macroscopic boundaries of a confined space which arises...

In physics, quantum dynamics is the quantum version of classical dynamics. Quantum dynamics deals with the motions, and energy and momentum exchanges of...

A quantum Turing machine (QTM) or universal quantum computer is an abstract machine used to model the effects of a quantum computer. It provides a simple...

Quantum topology is a branch of mathematics that connects quantum mechanics with low-dimensional topology. Dirac notation provides a viewpoint of quantum...

the set of all possible system states, e.g., position and momentum. In quantum mechanics, an observable is described by a linear operator. For example...

prominence by playing the Bond girl Camille Montes in the James Bond film Quantum of Solace (2008). Kurylenko began her career modelling in Paris before...

Quantum neural networks are computational neural network models which are based on the principles of quantum mechanics. The first ideas on quantum neural...

supersymmetric quantum mechanics is an area of research where supersymmetry are applied to the simpler setting of plain quantum mechanics, rather than quantum field...

Relativistic quantum chemistry combines relativistic mechanics with quantum chemistry to calculate elemental properties and structure, especially for the...

Quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor lasers that emit in the mid- to far-infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and were first demonstrated...

In quantum computing, the quantum phase estimation algorithm is a quantum algorithm to estimate the phase corresponding to an eigenvalue of a given unitary...

Hubert (13 July 2018). "Quantum theory of the classical: quantum jumps, Born's Rule and objective classical reality via quantum Darwinism". Philosophical...

Quantum fiction is a genre of speculative fiction that reflects modern experience of the material world and reality as influenced by quantum theory and...

Quantum cosmology is the attempt in theoretical physics to develop a quantum theory of the universe. This approach attempts to answer open questions of...

is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical system may have. Unlike in classical mechanics, quantum systems constantly fluctuate in their...

(/ˈbækjʊlə/; born October 9, 1954) is an American actor. He played Sam Beckett on Quantum Leap – for which he was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards and three...

Loop quantum cosmology – Finite, symmetry-reduced model of loop quantum gravity Loop quantum gravity – Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics...

way, and which has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery [of quantum mechanics]." If one illuminates two parallel...

Quantum imaging is a new sub-field of quantum optics that exploits quantum correlations such as quantum entanglement of the electromagnetic field in order...

In physics, in the area of quantum information theory and quantum computation, quantum steering is a special kind of nonlocal correlation, which is intermediate...

In quantum information theory, magic is a property that quantifies the computational resources needed to describe quantum states beyond stabilizer states...

Quantum Psychology: How Brain Software Programs You & Your World is a book written by science-fiction writer Robert Anton Wilson, originally published...

Quantum and Woody is a superhero duo from the Valiant comic book series created by writer Christopher Priest and illustrator M. D. Bright. Editor Fabian...

relativity and quantum mechanics; therefore, the properties of the singularity cannot be described without an established theory of quantum gravity. Trying...

The International Year of Quantum Science and Technology (IYQ) was a United Nations observance in 2025 that aimed to highlight the contributions of quantum science and...

Quantum Love (French: Une rencontre) is a 2014 French film written and directed by Lisa Azuelos and starring Sophie Marceau and François Cluzet. Pierre...

Amaravati Quantum Valley is a planned quantum technology park and hub dedicated for innovations and researches in the field of quantum computing and technologies...

Relational quantum mechanics (RQM) is an interpretation of quantum mechanics which treats the state of a quantum system as being relational, that is,...

particular case of quantum processes described by the theory—for which it yields the same quantum predictions as other interpretations of quantum mechanics. The...

also known as "Firefox Quantum", first shipped in November 2017 and was the initial version with major components from the Quantum/Servo projects enabled...

In quantum mechanics, entanglement swapping is a protocol to transfer quantum entanglement from one pair of particles to another, even if the second pair...

The Pegasus Quantum is a British two-seat, ultralight trike that was designed and produced by Pegasus Aviation and later by P&M Aviation, supplied as...

The timeline of quantum mechanics is a list of key events in the history of quantum mechanics, quantum field theories and quantum chemistry. The initiation...

A trapped-ion quantum computer (TIQC) is one proposed approach to a large-scale quantum computer. Ions, or charged atomic particles, can be confined and...

Bond films. The rebooted series spanned five films—Casino Royale (2006), Quantum of Solace (2008), Skyfall (2012), Spectre (2015), and No Time to Die (2021)—all...

A quantum machine is a human-made device whose collective motion follows the laws of quantum mechanics. The idea that macroscopic objects may follow the...

leading to fundamentally new approaches including relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics. The ancient Greek philosophers were among the first to propose...

In mesoscopic physics, a quantum wire is an electrically conducting wire in which quantum effects influence the transport properties. Usually such effects...

Induced gravity (or emergent gravity) is an idea in quantum gravity that spacetime curvature and its dynamics emerge as a mean field approximation of...

suite due to concerns about quantum computing attacks on ECC. NSA later published CNSA 2.0 guidance for a transition to quantum-resistant algorithms for...

In quantum mechanics, quantum correlation is the expected value of the product of the alternative outcomes. In other words, it is the expected change in...

In quantum mechanics, a quantum speed limit (QSL) is a limitation on the minimum time for a quantum system to evolve between two distinguishable (orthogonal)...

IQM Quantum Computers is a Finnish quantum computing hardware and software company headquartered in Espoo, Finland. The company develops and commercializes...

The Centre for Quantum Computation (CQC) is an alliance of quantum information research groups at the University of Oxford. It was founded by Artur Ekert...

Adiabatic quantum computation (AQC) is a form of quantum computing which relies on the adiabatic theorem to perform calculations and is closely related...

The Quantum Technologies Flagship is a European Union scientific research initiative. With a budget of €1 billion, it is one of the large scale initiatives...

A quantum solvent is essentially a superfluid (aka a quantum liquid) used to dissolve another chemical species. Any superfluid can theoretically act as...

algorithms that seem inherently quantum or use some essential feature of Quantum computing such as quantum superposition or quantum entanglement. Another way...

non-Hermitian quantum mechanics describes quantum mechanical systems where Hamiltonians are not Hermitian. The first paper that has "non-Hermitian quantum mechanics"...

A quantum sort is any sorting algorithm that runs on a quantum computer. Any comparison-based quantum sorting algorithm would take at least Ω ( n log...

In atomic physics, a magnetic quantum number is a quantum number used to distinguish quantum states of an electron or other particle according to its angular...

Quantum Day is an international event celebrated annually on 14 April since 2022. It aims at promoting public awareness and understanding of quantum science...

Quantum spin tunneling, or quantum tunneling of magnetization, is a physical phenomenon by which the quantum mechanical state that describes the collective...

become a major supporter of Canadian academic physics and an investor in quantum computing technologies. While yet a student at the University of Waterloo...

In physics, a quantum amplifier is an amplifier that uses quantum mechanical methods to amplify a signal; examples include the active elements of lasers...

In quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment concerning quantum superposition. In the thought experiment, a hypothetical cat in a closed...

In the history of physics, "On the quantum-theoretical reinterpretation of kinematical and mechanical relationships" (German: Über quantentheoretische...

In physics, a quantum mirage is a peculiar result in quantum chaos. Every system of quantum dynamical billiards will exhibit an effect called scarring...

noted for having worn the Quantum Bands, advanced ancient alien technology that grants the wearer manipulation of quantum energy. Vaughn is the longest-running...

experiment, is a real-world physics experiment designed to test the theory of quantum mechanics in relation to Albert Einstein's concept of local realism. Named...

In quantum mechanics, and especially quantum information theory, the purity of a normalized quantum state is a scalar defined as γ ≡ tr ⁡ ( ρ 2 ) {\displaystyle...

Quantum pseudo-telepathy describes the use of quantum entanglement to eliminate the need for classical communications. A nonlocal game is said to display...

A practical quantum computer must use a physical system as a programmable quantum register. Researchers are exploring several technologies as candidates...

superconducting quantum computer at the Quantum AI Lab. With the Sycamore processor, the team claimed the first evidence of quantum supremacy in 2019...

Quantum stochastic calculus is a generalization of stochastic calculus to noncommuting variables. The tools provided by quantum stochastic calculus are...

Quantum ESPRESSO (Quantum Open-Source Package for Research in Electronic Structure, Simulation, and Optimization; QE) is a suite for first-principles...

theoretical physicist and mathematician. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, in developing the foundation for Bose–Einstein...

Quantum: Einstein, Bohr, and the Great Debate About the Nature of Reality is a science history book written by Manjit Kumar. It was released on October...

In mathematics and physics, a quantum graph is a linear, network-shaped structure of vertices connected on edges (i.e., a graph) in which each edge is...

Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity", was published in the journal's Spring/Summer 1996 "Science Wars" issue. It proposed that quantum gravity is a social...

Kid Quantum is the name of three superheroes appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, primarily as members of the Legion of Super-Heroes. James...

The Quantum Universe: Everything That Can Happen Does Happen is a 2011 book by the theoretical physicists Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw. The book aims to...

Quantum Pharma Plc (LSE: QP) is a manufacturer and supplier of unlicensed medicines and Special Obtain products based in Burnopfield, County Durham. As...

The LG Quantum or Optimus 7Q (also known as the C900) is a slider smartphone which runs Microsoft's Windows Phone operating system. The LG Quantum was launched...

probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics by introducing additional, possibly inaccessible, variables. The mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics assumes...

First Quantum Minerals is a Canadian-based mining and metals company whose principal activities include mineral exploration, development and mining. Its...

fusion. The theory describing its behaviour and effects is sometimes called quantum flavordynamics (QFD); however, the term QFD is rarely used, because the...

statistics. He was a pioneer in building the mathematical framework of quantum physics, in the development of functional analysis, and in game theory...

Quantum hadrodynamics (QHD) is an effective field theory pertaining to interactions between hadrons, that is, hadron-hadron interactions or the inter-hadron...

Symmetries in quantum mechanics describe features of spacetime and particles which are unchanged under some transformation, in the context of quantum mechanics...

known as quantum probability—to modelling in economics and finance. It draws on related areas such as quantum cognition, quantum game theory, quantum computing...

Quantum characteristics are phase-space trajectories that arise in the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics through the Wigner transform of Heisenberg...

Quantum optimization algorithms are quantum algorithms that are used to solve optimization problems. Mathematical optimization deals with finding the...

The fractional quantum Hall effect (fractional QHE or FQHE) is the observation of precisely quantized plateaus in the Hall conductance of 2-dimensional...

relativity does not incorporate quantum mechanics. Some physicists have presented arguments to suggest that a theory of quantum gravity (which would incorporate...

American quantum computing hardware and software company headquartered in College Park, Maryland. The company develops general-purpose trapped ion quantum computers...

The quantum Boltzmann equation, also known as the Uehling–Uhlenbeck equation, is the quantum mechanical modification of the Boltzmann equation, which gives...

Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization is a program and competition by NIST to update their standards to include post-quantum cryptography. It was...

In quantum information, a quantum master equation is a general equation describing the evolution of a quantum system interacting with its environment....

Quantum illumination is a paradigm for target detection that employs quantum entanglement between a signal electromagnetic mode and an idler electromagnetic...

The quantum Heisenberg model, developed by Werner Heisenberg, is a statistical mechanical model used in the study of critical points and phase transitions...

Quantum Link (or Q-Link) was an American and Canadian online service for the Commodore 64 and 128 personal computers that operated starting November 5...

The Secrets of Quantum Physics is a two-part British television series outlining the theories of quantum mechanics and quantum biology, described as "a...

In quantum information theory, quantum state purification refers to the process of representing a mixed state as a pure quantum state of higher-dimensional...

A topological quantum computer is a type of quantum computer. It utilizes anyons, a type of quasiparticle that occurs in two-dimensional systems. The...

Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is an application of quantum information science. It is a variation of the quantum teleportation protocol. Quantum...

quantum information science, the Bell's states or EPR pairs are specific quantum states of two qubits that represent the simplest examples of quantum...

The quantum concentration nQ is the particle concentration (i.e. the number of particles per unit volume) of a system where the interparticle distance...

to be one of the founders of quantum mechanics. Dirac laid the foundations for both quantum electrodynamics and quantum field theory, coining the former...

Quantum Capital Group, previously known as Quantum Energy Partners, is a Houston, Texas-based private equity firm focused on the energy industry. The company...

Circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) provides a means of studying the fundamental interaction between light and matter (quantum optics). As in...

German theoretical physicist, one of the main pioneers of the theory of quantum mechanics and a principal scientist in the German nuclear program during...

A continuous-time quantum walk (CTQW) is a quantum walk on a given (simple) graph that is dictated by a time-varying unitary matrix that relies on the...

Carbon quantum dots also commonly called carbon nano dots or simply carbon dots (abbreviated as CQDs, C-dots or CDs) are carbon nanoparticles which are...

In quantum chaos, a branch of mathematical physics, quantum ergodicity is a property of the quantization of classical mechanical systems that are chaotic...

The DiVincenzo criteria are conditions necessary for constructing a quantum computer, conditions proposed in 1996 by the theoretical physicist David P...

Stochastic quantum mechanics is a framework for describing the dynamics of particles that are subjected to intrinsic random processes as well as various...

Electronic quantum holography (also known as quantum holographic data storage) is a holographic imagery and information storage technology based on the...

Jiuzhang (Chinese: 九章) is the first photonic quantum computer to claim quantum supremacy. Previously quantum supremacy has been achieved only once, in 2019...

A quantum telescope is a concept for a telescope aimed at overcoming the diffraction limit of traditional telescopes by exploiting some properties of...

In quantum mechanics, frequent measurements cause the quantum Zeno effect, a reduction in transitions away from the system's initial state, slowing a system's...

The Principles of Quantum Mechanics is an influential monograph written by Paul Dirac and first published by Oxford University Press in 1930. In this...

looking for a theory that describes gravity in the framework of quantum mechanics (quantum gravity), which would unify gravity and the other known fundamental...

technical terms, they are described by quantum state vectors in a Hilbert space, which is also treated in quantum field theory. Following the convention...

the "father of quantum computing". He is a visiting professor in the Department of Atomic and Laser Physics at the Centre for Quantum Computation (CQC)...

Cosmic Quantum Ray is an animated television series. The series premiered in the United States on November 7, 2007, on Animania HD, then in 2009 in Germany...

Quantum image processing (QIMP) is using quantum computing or quantum information processing to create and work with quantum images. Due to some of the...

The term quantum state discrimination collectively refers to quantum-informatics techniques, with the help of which, by performing a small number of measurements...

In theoretical physics, Euclidean quantum gravity is a version of quantum gravity. It seeks to use the Wick rotation to describe the force of gravity...

LightSpeed Studios (formerly LightSpeed & Quantum Studio) is a Chinese video game development company under Tencent Games, headquartered in Shenzhen,...

Linear optical quantum computing or linear optics quantum computation (LOQC), also photonic quantum computing (PQC), is a paradigm of quantum computation...

Quantum tunnelling composites (QTCs) are composite materials of metals and non-conducting elastomeric binder, used as pressure sensors. They use quantum...

made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. He was...

A quantum clock is a type of atomic clock with laser cooled single ions confined together in an electromagnetic ion trap. Developed in 2010 by physicists...

Quantum social science is an emerging field of interdisciplinary research that draws parallels between quantum physics and the social sciences. Although...

In quantum mechanics, a quantum process is a somewhat ambiguous term which usually refers to the time evolution of an (open) quantum system. Under very...

Quantum Jump were a 1970s British band, consisting of singer and keyboard player Rupert Hine, guitarist Mark Warner, bass player John G. Perry (then of...

Quantum Effect Devices, Inc. (QED), was a microprocessor design company incorporated in 1991 as Quantum Effect Design. It was based in Palo Alto, California...

A quantum cascade detector (QCD) is a photodetector sensitive to infrared radiation. The absorption of incident light is mediated by intersubband transitions...

The Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI; German: Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation) is a member institute of the...

.hack//Quantum is an animated three episode OVA series for the .hack franchise, produced by Kinema Citrus and presented by Bandai Visual. It was initially...

In quantum information theory, strong subadditivity of quantum entropy (SSA) is the relation among the von Neumann entropies of various quantum subsystems...

In physics, a quantum state space is an abstract space in which different "positions" represent not literal locations, but rather quantum states of some...

The Born rule is a postulate of quantum mechanics that gives the probability that a measurement of a quantum system will yield a given result. In one commonly...

In quantum mechanics, the particle in a box model (also known as the infinite potential well or the infinite square well) describes the movement of a...

Quantum game theory is an extension of classical game theory to the quantum domain. It differs from classical game theory in three primary ways: Superposed...

philosophy of physics, QBism (pronounced "cubism") is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that takes an agent's actions and experiences as the central...

A quantum heterostructure is a heterostructure in a substrate (usually a semiconductor material), where size restricts the movements of the charge carriers...

summarizes equations in the theory of quantum mechanics. A fundamental physical constant occurring in quantum mechanics is the Planck constant, h. A...

Categorical quantum mechanics is the study of quantum foundations and quantum information using paradigms from mathematics and computer science, notably...

Quantum Hoops is a 2007 American documentary film directed by Rick Greenwald, that follows the California Institute of Technology's basketball team—the...

In physics, a quantum phase transition (QPT) is a phase transition between different quantum phases (phases of matter at zero temperature). Contrary to...

Quantum orbital motion involves the quantum mechanical motion of rigid particles (such as electrons) about some other mass, or about themselves. In classical...

In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function describes...

Quantum random access codes (QRACs) are a quantum information theoretic primitive used to encode a string of classical bits into a quantum state of smaller...

terminology applied in the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum metaphysics, collectively called quantum philosophy, a subfield of philosophy of...

A quantum gyroscope is a very sensitive device to measure angular rotation based on quantum mechanical principles. The first of these was built by Richard...

(nm). At this scale, commonly known as the nanoscale, surface area and quantum mechanical effects become important in describing properties of matter...

(1980–1988), Tales of the Gold Monkey (1982–1983), Airwolf (1984–1987), Quantum Leap (1989–1993), JAG (1995–2005), and NCIS (2003–present). Bellisario...

Rutherford–Bohr model is an obsolete model of the atom that incorporated some early quantum concepts. Developed from 1911 to 1918 by Niels Bohr and building on Ernest...

The Quantum GP700 is a custom track-only open-wheel sports car, designed, developed and built by Australian Jeff David, produced between 2016 and 2019...

Quantum Computation Language (QCL) is one of the first implemented quantum programming languages. The most important feature of QCL is the support for...

Quantum is the third studio album by instrumental rock/progressive metal supergroup Planet X, released in 2007 through Inside Out Music. Guitarist Allan...

A quantum-well laser is a laser diode in which the active region of the device is so narrow that quantum confinement occurs. Laser diodes are formed in...

In quantum mechanics, the measurement problem is the problem of definite outcomes: quantum systems have superpositions but quantum measurements only give...

quantization is therefore called magnetic flux quantum. The first to realize the importance of the flux quantum was Dirac in his publication on monopoles The...

Quantum Geometry: A Framework for Quantum General Relativity, Springer, 2013, p. 412. Ford; Roman (1995). "Averaged Energy Conditions and Quantum Inequalities"...

statistical similarity of a field, such as an electromagnetic field or quantum wave packet, at different points in space or time. Coherence controls the...

The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates are remembered...

noncommutative geometry, and quantum groups within quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. Subjects include: Quantum groups Skein theories Operadic...

Quantum Guitar is an instrumental progressive rock album released by Steve Howe in 1998. Howe uses several different guitars in this album. All tracks...

RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman), ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography), and Post-quantum cryptography. Secure symmetric algorithms include the commonly used AES...

spacetime, or as a single-rank 2-tensor field. In the modern framework of the quantum field theory, even without referring to a test particle, a field occupies...

designed to be resistant to cryptanalytic attacks with future powerful quantum computers that was standardized in 2024. It is used to establish a shared...

Quantum Computing Pty Ltd (SQC) is a Sydney, Australia-based quantum computing company. The company develops quantum computers and analogue quantum devices...

A quantum heat engine generates power from heat flow between hot and cold reservoirs, operating under the principles of quantum mechanics. Scovil and...

complexity theory, bounded-error quantum polynomial time (BQP) is the class of decision problems solvable by a quantum computer in polynomial time, with...

Spin models may either be classical or quantum mechanical in nature. Spin models have been studied in quantum field theory as examples of integrable models...

The Elitzur–Vaidman bomb-tester is a quantum mechanics thought experiment that uses interaction-free measurements to verify that a bomb is functional...

In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used for describing the behaviour of systems. The square modulus of this quantity at...

Quantum statistical mechanics is statistical mechanics applied to quantum mechanical systems. It relies on constructing density matrices that describe...

quantum measurements is a crucial concept of quantum information, addressing whether two or more quantum measurements can be performed on a quantum system...

In quantum optics, the Jaynes–Cummings model (sometimes abbreviated JCM) is a theoretical model that describes the system of a two-level atom interacting...

The Quantum Enigma is the sixth studio album by Dutch symphonic metal band Epica. It was released by Nuclear Blast in Europe on 2 May 2014, in the UK...

In mathematics, a quantum Markov chain is a noncommutative generalization of the classical Markov chain, in which the usual notions of probability are...

In quantum computing, quantum finite automata (QFA) or quantum state machines are a quantum analog of probabilistic automata or a Markov decision process...

headlined several video games, providing voice and performance capture for Quantum Break (2016), The Dark Pictures Anthology: Man of Medan (2019), Alan Wake...

A quantum limit in physics is a limit on measurement accuracy at quantum scales. Depending on the context, the limit may be absolute (such as the Heisenberg...

number of closely related results in physics, all of which determine that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local hidden-variable theories, given some...

Quantum Man is a modern sculpture created by Julian Voss-Andreae, which is located in the city of Moses Lake, Washington. Drawing inspiration from Voss-Andreae's...

Quantum Night is a 2016 science-fiction thriller novel written by Canadian novelist Robert J. Sawyer. Set in 2020, the book touches on themes of quantum...

Quantum Trajectory Theory (QTT) is a formulation of quantum mechanics used for simulating open quantum systems, quantum dissipation and single quantum...

Some interpretations of quantum mechanics posit a central role for an observer of a quantum phenomenon. The quantum mechanical observer is tied to the...

force attacks. Quantum computing uses properties of quantum mechanics in order to process large amounts of data simultaneously. Quantum computing has been...

complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information theory, cryptography, program...

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a quantum cryptographic scheme for secure communication that extends beyond simple quantum key distribution. It modifies...

implementation of quantum algorithms and networks. It has also been explored for applications in quantum computing (e.g. for entanglement generation), quantum simulation...

Relativistic quantum cryptography is a sub-field of quantum cryptography, in which in addition to exploiting the principles of quantum physics, the no-superluminal...

The Quantum Cloud is a contemporary sculpture, designed by Antony Gormley, located next to The O2 in London. The sculpture was commissioned for the site...

classical or quantum theory of scalar fields. A scalar field is invariant under any Lorentz transformation. The only fundamental scalar quantum field that...

neutral atom quantum computer is a type of quantum computer built using Rydberg atoms; this type has many commonalities with trapped-ion quantum computers...

Spontaneous emission is the process in which a quantum mechanical system (such as a molecule, an atom or a subatomic particle) transitions from an excited...

The Quantum Thief is the debut science fiction novel by Finnish writer Hannu Rajaniemi and the first novel in a trilogy featuring the character of Jean...

In quantum gravity, quantum geometry is the set of mathematical concepts that generalize geometry to describe physical phenomena at distance scales comparable...

A quantum fluid refers to any system that exhibits quantum mechanical effects at the macroscopic level such as superfluids, superconductors, ultracold...

Emergency: Quantum Leap (Korean: 비상: Quantum Leap) is the debut and only extended play by South Korean boy group X1, a project group created through the...

Quantum Governance is a book about citizen-centric global progress and rewiring the foundation of public policy, written by Fadi Farra and Sir Christopher...

useful tools in classical mechanics. Operators are even more important in quantum mechanics, where they form an intrinsic part of the formulation of the...

Schwinger's quantum action principle is a variational approach to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. This theory was introduced by Julian Schwinger...

Quantum Key is a 2015 mini-album by Tangerine Dream. It is roughly the group's 145th release. It is a precursor and companion album to the 2017 major...

Quantum Detectors Limited is a spin-out company from the Diamond Light Source and Science and Technology Facilities Council, although it also commercialises...

Classical and Quantum Gravity is a peer-reviewed journal that covers all aspects of gravitational physics and the theory of spacetime. The editor-in-chief...

In quantum information theory, quantum mutual information (QMI), or von Neumann mutual information, after John von Neumann, is a measure of correlation...

The Code Book: The Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography is a book by Simon Singh, published in 1999 by Fourth Estate and Doubleday...

Quantum Air (formerly known as AeBal or Aerolíneas de Baleares) was an airline based in Madrid, Spain. It operated domestic scheduled services within...

In gate-based quantum computing, various sets of quantum logic gates are commonly used to express quantum operations. The following tables list several...

In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field...

Charm (symbol C) is a flavour quantum number representing the difference between the number of charm quarks (c) and charm antiquarks (c) that are present...

Quantum Tangle are a Juno Award-winning Canadian musical group who combine traditional Inuit throat singing and spoken word storytelling with blues-influenced...

In quantum information science, the concurrence is a state invariant involving qubits. The concurrence is an entanglement monotone (a way of measuring...

Cummins Quantum Series is a family of internal combustion engines, developed and manufactured by American Cummins for various heavy-duty use cases. The...

npj Quantum Information is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering quantum information science. It was established in 2015, launched by...

The Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics (abbreviation: MPQ; German: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik) is a part of the Max Planck Society which...

Quantum random circuits (QRC) is a concept of incorporating an element of randomness into the local unitary operations and measurements of a quantum circuit...

In condensed matter physics, the quantum dimer magnet state is one in which quantum spins in a magnetic structure entangle to form a singlet state. These...

and mathematical physics, a topological quantum field theory (or topological field theory or TQFT) is a quantum field theory that computes topological...

Quantum weirdness encompasses the aspects of quantum mechanics that challenge and defy human physical intuition. Human physical intuition is based on macroscopic...

Studio classical ms2classical PyQMC quantum RASPA classical QMC=Chem quantum QMCPACK quantum QMeCha quantum QWalk quantum Spartan classical Tinker classical...

Danish physicist Niels Bohr in the Bohr theory of the atom. The modern quantum mechanical theory giving an explanation of these energy levels in terms...

The Quantum Cable is a planned 7,700 km submarine communications cable system connecting Asia with Europe through the Mediterranean Sea. Quantum Cable...

Quantum of Solace is a 2008 James Bond film. Quantum of Solace can also refer to several topics related to James Bond: "Quantum of Solace" (short story)...

In quantum mechanics, the expectation value is the probabilistic expected value of the result (measurement) of an experiment. It can be thought of as...

function of the length (or momentum) scale. Quantum triviality is referred to a possible situation in quantum field theories, when the effective charge...

conditions, a large fraction of bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, at which microscopic quantum-mechanical phenomena, particularly wavefunction interference...

Quantum regression theorem (QRT) is a result in quantum statistical mechanics and quantum optics that provides a rule for computing multi-time correlation...

In quantum group and Hopf algebra, the bicrossed product is a process to create new Hopf algebras from the given ones. It's motivated by the Zappa–Szép...

quantum system. It extends the concept of Gibbs entropy from classical statistical mechanics to quantum statistical mechanics, and it is the quantum counterpart...

Eutelsat Quantum is a communications satellite developed in the framework of a public-private partnership between the European Space Agency, Eutelsat...

Physics of Stanford University. His research interests include quantum gravity, quantum field theory and string theory. Stanford was awarded the 2018 New...

The quantum tunneling of water occurs when water molecules in nanochannels exhibit quantum tunneling behavior that smears out the positions of the hydrogen...

building practical quantum computers, including the difficulty of maintaining qubits' quantum states and the need for error correction. Quantum complexity theory...

The quantum spin Hall state is a state of matter in two-dimensional semiconductors that have a quantized spin-Hall conductance and a vanishing charge-Hall...

A quantum cellular automaton (QCA) is an abstract model of quantum computation, devised in analogy to conventional models of cellular automata introduced...

In the theory of quantum communication, the quantum capacity is the highest rate at which quantum information can be communicated over many independent...

A SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) is a very sensitive magnetometer used to measure extremely weak magnetic fields, based on superconducting...

extremities of the "Sarumpaet rules"—a set of fundamental equations in "Quantum Graph Theory", which holds that physical existence can be precisely modelled...

this is itself a philosophical assumption. When, as in fields such as quantum physics and relativity theory, existing assumptions about reality have...

Quantum bogodynamics (/ˌkwɒntəm ˌboʊɡoʊdaɪˈnæmɪks/) is a humorous parody of quantum mechanics that describes the universe through interactions of fictional...

include the Alcubierre drive, Krasnikov tubes, traversable wormholes, and quantum tunneling. Some of these proposals find loopholes around general relativity...

Quantum Theatre is an experimental theatre company that uses non-traditional stages in Pittsburgh, PA. Founded in 1990 by Karla Boos, it is the longest...

transmutation. Due to their quantum description, flavour states may also undergo quantum superposition. In atomic physics the principal quantum number of an electron...

Researchers also used the photoelectric effect, involving a beam splitter, other quantum phenomena, and even nuclear decay (due to practical considerations the...

In quantum mechanics, a quantum Markov semigroup describes the dynamics in a Markovian open quantum system. The axiomatic definition of the prototype of...

Loop quantum cosmology (LQC) is a finite, symmetry-reduced model of loop quantum gravity (LQG) that predicts a "quantum bridge" between contracting and...

a set of quantum operations that map the set of n-fold Pauli group products into itself. It is most famously studied for its use in quantum error correction...

In quantum mechanics, negativity is a measure of quantum entanglement which is easy to compute. It is a measure deriving from the PPT criterion for separability...

A quantum critical point is a point in the phase diagram of a material where a continuous phase transition takes place at absolute zero. A quantum critical...

station wagon was sold as the Quantum. In the United States, both the Santana sedan and station wagon were sold as the Quantum. The Passat saloon and estate...

In quantum mechanics, the angular momentum operator is one of several related operators analogous to classical angular momentum. The angular momentum...

vacuum energy density much smaller than a zero-point energy suggested by quantum field theory? More unsolved problems in physics In cosmology, the cosmological...

contributions to theoretical physics, primarily in his role as the originator of quantum theory and one of the founders of modern physics, which revolutionized...

become common archetypes in many scientific and engineering fields, such as quantum cryptography, game theory and physics. As the use of Alice and Bob became...

superradiation, is the radiation enhancement effects in several contexts including quantum mechanics, astrophysics and relativity. For want of a better term, a gas...

Quantum is a color vector arcade video game developed at General Computer Corporation for Atari, Inc. and released in November 1982. It was designed by...

The quantum rotor model is a mathematical model for a quantum system. It can be visualized as an array of rotating electrons which behave as rigid rotors...

with different magnetic moments. A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is a disordered state in a system of interacting quantum spins which preserves its disorder...

consensus that supermassive black holes exist in the centres of most galaxies. Quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking...

In physics, the hydrodynamic quantum analogs refer to experimentally-observed phenomena involving bouncing fluid droplets over a vibrating fluid bath...

engineers to do basic research on quantum physics and to build devices based on quantum phenomena. Experts in quantum technologies are applying their discoveries...

Some scientific papers and media articles describe "quantum teleportation", a scheme for quantum information transfer, which does not allow for faster-than-light...

prominence for her work as a lead, playing Addison Augustine on NBC's Quantum Leap. Caitlin Bassett was born to Stephen Bassett, a Vietnam veteran and...

Quantum logic spectroscopy (QLS) is an ion control scheme that maps quantum information between two co-trapped ion species. Quantum logic operations allow...

In quantum physics an anomaly or quantum anomaly is the failure of a symmetry of a theory's classical action to be a symmetry of any regularization of...

product was originally developed in the early 1980s by Canadian company Quantum Software Systems, founded March 30, 1980, and later renamed QNX Software...

Quantum Gate (2017) is the 150th release and 30th main studio album by Tangerine Dream. It is the first full-length album since the death of founder Edgar...

Principles of Quantum Mechanics is a textbook by Ramamurti Shankar. The book has been through two editions. It is used in many college courses around...

In the context of quantum computing, the quantum walk search (sometimes regarded as QFS, similar to DFS and BFS) is a quantum algorithm for finding a...

the framework of quantum mechanics, a radically different formalism for describing physical phenomena based on probability. A quantum theory of gravity...

The National Quantum Initiative Act is an Act of Congress passed on December 13, 2018, and signed into law on December 21, 2018. The law gives the United...

The phase-space formulation is a formulation of quantum mechanics that places the position and momentum variables on equal footing in phase space. The...

Quantum block codes are useful in quantum computing and in quantum communications. The encoding circuit for a large block code typically has a high complexity...