DOSEN PROFIL LENGKAP

to male (protogyny or protogynous hermaphroditism), and bidirectional (serial or bidirectional hermaphroditism). Both protogynous and protandrous hermaphroditism...

large specimen attacking humans. Like most groupers, giant groupers are protogynous hermaphrodites. They spawn on a lunar cycle, with spawns lasting about...

Ocean. The bluelip parrotfish typically inhabits seagrass beds. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite. Bertoncini, A.A.; Sampaio, C.L.S.; Rocha, L.A.; Ferreira...

Johnson & Lowe, 1989 Variola Swainson, 1839 Groupers are mostly monandric, protogynous hermaphrodites, i.e., they mature only as females and can change sex...

Ocean, where it inhabits rocky areas. Like many wrasse species, it is a protogynous hermaphrodite—all fish start life as females, and some dominant fish...

fishes, sea urchins and ophiuroids, polychaetes, and gastropods. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite. The species is diandric, i.e., individuals when born can...

sex change, and are protogynous, meaning that individuals that are functionally female can become functionally male. These protogynous species are either...

of an individual, and the mating system within which it operates. In protogynous mating systems where males dominate mating with many females, size plays...

other reef fish and all marine angelfish, the species in this genus are protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning that they start their adult lives as females...

producing pollen when the stigmas are not receptive, either protandrous or protogynous. This promotes outcrossing by limiting self-pollination. Some dichogamous...

conditions and pressures. Because of this, they are considered to be protogynous hermaphrodites which have planktonic larvae. Their coral and kelp-heavy...

Flowers are bisexual, containing both androecium and gynoecium, though protogynous development reduces self-pollination; in the wild they are pollinated...

cherimoya.[citation needed] The atemoya, like other Annona trees, bears protogynous, hermaphroditic flowers, and self-pollination is rare. Therefore, artificial...

hermaphrodite, meaning it changes sex during different life stages; it is a protogynous, "first female" hermaphrodite; juvenile hogfish start out as female and...

present with more than one coloration. This is because they are diandric protogynous hermaphrodites. These fish are born as what scientists term primary males...

water, with girdling vascular bundles in receptacle. Some species are protogynous and primarily cross-pollinated, but because male and female stages overlap...

sheephead wrasse is sequentially hermaphroditic. Specifically, they are protogynous, meaning that individuals of this species are always born female and...

their color in response to social situations or threats. They are also protogynous hermaphrodites, starting out in life as females. They are highly territorial...

and later changing sex, and some Anthuroideans are the inverse, being protogynous hermaphrodites that are born female. Some Gnathiidan males are sessile...

rudimentary intersex organism, with a few intersex individuals, or a protogynous intersex, with individuals starting out life as females, and some becoming...

by the male from algae, which he then guards. The cuckoo wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, and females can change sex into males, a process which...

is 20. The Norway maple is heterodichogamous—meaning there are both protogynous and protandrous trees (and, more rarely, duodichogamous trees)—and individual...

purple-brown and, being wind-pollinated, apetalous. The flowers are also protogynous, the female parts maturing before the male, thus reducing, but not eliminating...

necessarily confined to males; all marine angelfish species are known to be protogynous hermaphrodites. This means that if the dominant male of a harem is removed...

individuals. It will also form large schools for foraging. H. harid is a protogynous hermaphrodite in which there are two distinct phases, an initial phase...

environment, which are deposited under the carapace of these shrimp. They are protogynous, and have epipelagic larvae. Rimicaris kairei have entirely white bodies...

generation length of 21.5 years. The species has been hypothesized to be protogynous hermaphrodites, but this has yet to be confirmed. Males become sexually...

in subtropical forested areas of South Africa. Lauraceae flowers are protogynous, often with a complex flowering system to prevent inbreeding. The fruits...

to seven years, and are known to live for around 30 years. They are protogynous hermaphrodites, with some becoming male at about 9 years old. The factors...

plants and serves to avoid self-fertilization. Because the flowers are protogynous, the pistils, which are the female reproductive components, reach sexual...

sheds the pectoral fins, and takes on the adult form. Most species are protogynous hermaphrodites, that is, most individuals begin life as females, but...

small harems with a dominant male and 2-6 females. They are sequential protogynous hermaphrodites and if the male in a harem goes missing the dominant female...

male to switch to a female (protandry). As an example, most wrasses are protogynous hermaphrodites within a haremic mating system. Hermaphroditism allows...

harem of around twelve females. Species in the genus Trichonotus are protogynous hermaphrodites. They are usually buried when the current is slack. Carpenter...

biology of the foxfish Bodianus frenchii, a very long-lived and monandric protogynous hermaphroditic labrid". Journal of Fish Biology. 77 (3): 600–626. Bibcode:2010JFBio...

lived wrasse species alongside the western blue groper. Foxfish are protogynous hermaphrodites, and they spawn several times during the late spring and...

species. Like many other wrasse species, Thalassoma bifasciatum is a protogynous sequential hermaphrodite; individuals may begin life either as males...

g. a flower shedding pollen before the stigma is receptive. Compare protogynous. proteranthous With new leaves appearing before flowers. See also hysteranthous...

female to male so the potato grouper may, like other groupers, be a protogynous hermaphrodite. The potato cod was first formally described by R.L. Playfair...

These fishes can be seen from March to November. They are oviparous and protogynous hermaphrodites. Three life phases can be distinguished, the juveniles...

Karino, Kenji; Sakai, Yoichi (May 2002). "Reversed Sex-Change in the Protogynous Reef Fish Labroides dimidiatus". Ethology. 108 (5): 443–450. Bibcode:2002Ethol...

to a greater extent than do other anemones. Epiactis prolifera is a protogynous hermaphrodite. The young all start life as females but when the pedal...

the antheridia mature before the archegonia (male first, then female). Protogynous: the archegonia mature before the antheridia (female first, then male)...

the sexual development of the species, though they are presumed to be protogynous hermaphrodites. The largest harem female may transform into a male if...

been described as being more like lekking. All angelfish are sequential protogynous hermaphrodites, all newly adult fish are female but the dominant females...

reproduce both sexually and asexually. B. schlosseri is a sequential (protogynous) hermaphrodite, and in a colony, eggs are ovulated about two days before...

are included. Although they prefer shrimps and octopuses. Red Hind are protogynous hermaphrodites, changing from females to males during a stage in their...

reproduce both sexually and asexually. B. schlosseri is a sequential (protogynous) hermaphrodite, and in a colony, eggs are ovulated about two days before...

benthic invertebrates such as sponges, tunicates and crustaceans. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite and there is no sexual dimorphism. Apolemichthys griffisi...

females are smaller and more numerous than the males, this species is a protogynous hermaphrodite. Grass emperors spawn in batches with each spawning event...

defend an area of the reef and its associated harem. Most anthias are protogynous hermaphrodites. These anthias are born female; if a dominant male perishes...

groupers, parrotfishes and wrasses. As an example, most wrasses are protogynous hermaphrodites within a haremic mating system. It is less common for...

on Chromis multilineata, juveniles feed on shrimps. These fishes are protogynous hermaphrodites they all start life as female to male becoming males in...

eating smaller fish, and have smooth body scales. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite; in other words, all individuals are born female, with...

matured by September in preparation for dispersal. Diervilla lonicera has protogynous flowers (initially female-dominant plant), is well-adapted for pollination...

part of their diet, with reef fish being preferred. E. marginatus is a protogynous hermaphrodite, meaning that all fish begin adult life as females, but...

phenotypes: yellow-white flowers and brown-purple flowers. The flower is protogynous which means that the male reproductive organs and female reproductive...

reproduce both sexually and asexually. B. schlosseri is a sequential (protogynous) hermaphrodite, and in a colony, eggs are ovulated about two days before...

(protandrous) and those that shed pollen after becoming receptive to pollen (protogynous). State-level resources provide recommended varieties for specific regions...

size distribution and sex ratio which suggest that tiger groupers are protogynous hermaphrodites, all of the fish with a total length less than 37 centimetres...

they reach sexual maturity at between one and three years old. They are protogynous hermaphrodites, the majority of them begin life as females and then change...

male to switch to a female (protandry). As an example, most wrasses are protogynous hermaphrodites within a haremic mating system. Hermaphroditism allows...

groves to be spotted from a long distance. Pawpaw flowers are perfect and protogynous, about 1–2 in (3–5 cm) across, rich red-purple or maroon when mature...

pairs were not seen interfering with these displays. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite; the female can change sex to become a male if no male...

It feeds on sponges and tunicates. Like all other angelfish it is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with all individuals being female initially and the dominant...

dawn and closing in the afternoon. Flowers are self-fecundating and protogynous (with female parts maturing first), and will self-pollinate if they have...

actinodromous. The white or cream, fragrant to nearly inodorous, nocturnal, protogynous, pedunculate, (6–)10–18(–25) cm wide flowers extend 15–20 cm above the...

mouths, growing to a length of about 60 cm (24 in). This species is a protogynous hemaphrodite, with the capacity to change sex, while simultaneously displaying...

drops below 8.6 °C (47.5 °F) at the bottom of the water column. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite forming small, short-lived spawning aggregations, which...

numerous brown spots. The tail fin is rounded. Epinephelus malabaricus is a protogynous hermaphrodite, as these fishes at some point in their lifespan change...

or near the seabed on crustaceans, molluscs and small fish. They are protogynous hermaphrodites, with most individuals starting life as females and at...

crossability experiments at the Arnold Arboretum in the 1970s, U. laciniata, a protogynous species, was found to be incompatible with U. davidiana var. japonica...

greasy grouper is a long-lived fish with a very slow growth rate. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite. Greasy groupers are top predators on the reef; they mainly...

fishes. This species has been reported as a rudimentary hermaphrodite, a protogynous hermaphrodite and a protandrous hermaphrodite from different areas in...

1016/S0300-9629(97)86804-1. Grafe, T. U.; K. E. Linsenmair (1989). "Protogynous sex change in the reed frog: Hyrperolius viridiflavus" (PDF). Copeia...

7 March 2010. Gillanders, B. M. (1995). "Reproductive biology of the protogynous hermaphrodite Achoerodus viridis (Labridae) from south-eastern Australia"...

secondary food source. Some species of gobies exhibit gonochorism and protogynous hermaphroditism, including bidirectional sex reversal. Protogyny refers...

substrate. The male guards the eggs produced by several females. They are protogynous hermaphrodites with individuals being females while young changing to...

also eat fish and squid. These fish grow slowly and they are monandric protogynous hermaphrodites, which means that all of the males are derived from reproductively...

usually lose their "eyespot" on their dorsal fin. P. amboinensis is a protogynous species—all individuals start out as females and later can turn into...

feeds primarily on zooplankton. Like other anthias, the sea goldie is a protogynous hermaphrodite; a male retains a harem of five to 10 females, but when...

and secondary males in a population of the protogynous Synbranchus marmoratus (Bloch, 1795), a protogynous fish (Teleost, Synbranchiformes)". Journal...

they can also be found in small schools, or even by itself. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite The Calotomus carolinus, along with many of its relatives...

wide, nocturnal, thermogenic, solitary, actinomorphic, chasmogamous, protogynous flowers have prickly pedicels with 4 primary and 8 secondary air canals...

is 4–6(–8) cm long. The up to 2 cm wide, hermaphroditic, incompletely protogynous, white flowers have 1.5–3 cm long peduncles. The four green, lanceolate...

proliferating pseudanthia are absent in this species. Cross pollination of the protogynous flowers occurs frequently. However, since the stigma remains receptive...

 (2004, 2005a, 2005b)). The inflorescences last for two nights and are protogynous in some, but not all species. They change from the pistillate phase that...

fishes, it is a transitional state in fishes that are protandric or protogynous. Intersexuality has been reported in 23 fish families. The oldest evidence...

smaller territory which she defends against other females. Coral hinds are protogynous hermaphrodite and they change sex from female to male. The male patrols...

repeatedly swimming through it until it fits without struggle. They are protogynous hermaphrodites, all starting off as females and changing to males, a...

where there is a strong current. It feeds on zooplankton. These fish are protogynous hermaphrodites and each social group will contain a dominant male and...

and molluscs, as well as small fishes and polychaete worms. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite, females change sex to become males and it is a pelagic...

fifteen months. Gobiodon sp. start life as females, and are bi-directional protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning that when paired up, if necessary, one changes...

anthers and stigmas mature at the same time, but Bocconia is clearly protogynous, the stigmas emerge from the calyx that encloses them. Autopollination...

disruptive camouflage, similar to the stripes of a tiger. Many species are protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning they start out as females and change sex to male...

shelter. The apparent lack of smaller males may mean that this species is protogynous. If the bluetail trunkfish senses danger is releases a toxin called pahutoxin...

to December, they do not spawn synchronously. Many other wrasses are protogynous hermaphrodites but this species is a secondary gonochorist, in which...

for sleeping at night. They feed on benthic algae. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite and the sex change occurs when the attain a total length...

mm long. The golden yellow, solitary, bisexual, diurnal, incompletely protogynous, nectariferous, 0.5–1.1 cm wide flower extends beyond the water surface...

wind (anemochory). Trochodendron is present in both protandrous and protogynous forms that are self-compatible. The plants are found in wooded formations...

more usual blotched or banded black and white pattern. The species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with individuals starting as females and changing to males...

Epinephelus has the ability to change sexes, more specifically they are protogynous hermaphrodites what means females can turn into males at one point in...

(1996). "Presence of primary and secondary males in a population of the protogynous Synbranchus marmoratus". Journal of Fish Biology. 49 (5): 788–800. doi:10...

stigmas become receptive before its stamens mature and shed their pollen (protogynous). Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads. The flower is pollinated by...

vigorously defend an area of the reef and its associated harem. Anthias are protogynous hermaphrodites. All anthias are born female; if a dominant male perishes...

length. Its maximum length is 390 millimetres (15 in). The species is a protogynous hermaphrodite and a pelagic spawner. Russell, B.; Myers, R.; Choat, J...

become black. This species, like all marine angelfish, is a sequential protogynous hermaphrodite and the younger sexually mature adults are all females...

metamorphosis corresponding to sequential hermaphroditism; it may be a protogynous hermaphrodite, starting as a female and then become male. Gomphosus varius...

larvae live for around a month before they settle. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite. It is a rather secretive species which hunts during the...

12–40 cm (4+1⁄2–15+1⁄2 in) long and 7–30 cm (3–12 in) wide. The flowers are protogynous, fragrant, nectariferous, solitary, yellow-green, and up to 4 cm wide...

aggregations of some fish species the groupers prey on. They are monandric protogynous hermaphrodites and form spawning aggregations which have been reported...

including having more than six stamens, and in being protandrous rather than protogynous. The two genera were formerly included in Archontophoenicinae until a...

them to swallow quite large prey. Most species of the subfamily are protogynous hermaphrodites but Congrogadus subducens appears to be different because...

range than the sympatric Plectropomus leopardus. They are monandric protogynous hermaphrodites, in which the males only develop from mature females,...

surviving offspring will mature after a year. Orange wrasses are also protogynous hermaphrodites, so the females change sex into males. The name "luculentus"...

spending the night on their sides in the sand. The ornate wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite and females may transform into males which is signified...

is linked to an upwelling off the coasts of those nations. They are protogynous hermaphrodites with the females reaching sexual maturity on attainment...

September. Normally this is a is gonochoristic fish, although some are protogynous, and all adults with lengths greater than 29.3 cm (11.5 in) are female...

This allows this fish to have highly precise locomotion. This fish is protogynous, being born female and changing sex to a male later on in life, at a...

attached. Rimicaris shrimp reproduce through internal fertilization and are protogynous. Females carry their embryos under their abdomen, utilizing modified...

green, blue, or maroon. The petiole is prickly. The nocturnal, solitary, protogynous, white to pink, prickly, up to 36 cm wide flowers float on the water...

which is typically encountered in groups of up to 10 fishes. They are protogynous hermaphrodites in which the most dominant female in a group becomes male...

is typically encountered in harems of 3-7 fishes. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite and has the ability to change sex from female to male....

sponges, algae, tunicates, zooplankton and small invertebrates. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite, starting adult life as a female and later becoming a male...

are whitish but will turn brown a few days before hatching. Adults are protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning female reproductive organs develop first followed...

algae. They have been recorded as attaining 14 years of age. They are protogynous hermaphrodites and have a social structure consisting of harems with...

jaws located in the throat or pharynx. This species is an unconfirmed protogynous hermaphrodite, meaning that they are able to change sex during their...

detritus, coral polyps, sponges and small gastropods. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, the dominant female in a group will change sex if there...

sociable fish, forming large groups with others of its species. It is a protogynous sequential hermaphrodite, individuals maturing as females and becoming...

groupers change their sex to male if no male is available. Grouper are protogynous hermaphrodites, who school in harems of three to fifteen females. When...

hermaphrodite, entomophilous, fragrant or inodorous flowers are mostly protogynous. The flowers have (3–)4(–5) green, sometimes spotted sepals, and about...

prefers areas with crevices, caves and seaweed to provide cover. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite, i.e. the females change to males, and aggregations of...

female and about 25 cm (10 in) long. Bubba changed sex to male (being a protogynous hermaphrodite) in the mid-1990s and eventually grew to 154 lb while living...

bengalense has an almost unknown biology. It is thought likely to be a protogynous hermaphrodite which lays eggs in a tunnel excavated into the soft substrate...

for approximately 32 days. All larvae are female, as this species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, and sex change only happens in adulthood and in special...

upper lobe of the caudal fin. Some species, especially in Scolopsis are protogynous hermaphrodites. These fishes vary in size from the redfin dwarf monocle...

dimorphism in size with males being larger females smaller. They may be protogynous hermaphrodites or males may grow faster than females. They spawn throughout...

zooplankton, or to display. Some species in the genus Trichonotus are protogynous hermaphrodites. Carpenter, K.E. & Smith-Vaniz, W.F. (2017) [errata version...

shallower inshore waters. It feeds on molluscs and small fishes. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite, the transition from female to male happens when they are...

echinoderms, molluscs, worms and crustaceans. At least some individuals are protogynous hermaphrodites but a few may be gonochristic. Off southern China spawning...

that male gametes are produced before female, while the open end is protogynous, with the female gametes maturing before the male. Pyrosomes are filter...

fishes, gastropods, cephalopods, and brachyuran crustaceans. They are protogynous hermaphrodites and form aggregations for spawning. Females attain sexual...

on or in the substrate. Like most wrasse, the chain-lined wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, i.e. individuals start life as females with the capability...

fertilization, and are mostly hermaphroditic, although some are male or protogynous (female and then male). Z. sociatus was found to reproduce seasonally...

a lot of mass to create and retain heat. Thermogenic plants are also protogynous, meaning that the female part of the plant matures before the male part...

angelfish. Its diet is made up of algae and detritus. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite and has the ability to change sex from female to male....

or found in small groups. It may found resting on the bottom. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite. While swimming about reefs, this fish will use only its...

australasicus), retreating to rocky areas to spend the night. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, they are hatched as females and may change sex to become...

Males are territorial. Apolemichthys trimaculatus is diurnal and a protogynous hermaphrodite: all fry are females, and it is possible for them to change...

social groups consisting of a single male and a few females. They are protogynous hermaphrodites and the most dominant of the females in a group will change...

crab, shrimp and lobsters as well as molluscs such as squid. They are protogynous hermaphrodites and gather in aggregations to spawn. The females become...

names: kōeaea, marare, mararī, matohe and tarao. Greenbone fish are protogynous hermaphrodites, beginning life as female and a proportion becoming male...

male and usually multiple females. Like all other angelfish it is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with all individuals being female initially and the dominant...

three to five females for each male. This species is thought to be a protogynous hermaphrodite as the males are normally considerably larger than females...

on or in the substrate. Like most wrasses, Halichoeres chrysus is a protogynous hermaphrodite, i.e. individuals start life as females with the capability...

on which it feeds. Like most species of parrotfish S. psittacus is a protogynous hermaphrodite and is sexually dichromatic. The population is made up...

crevice in the reef to sleep.[citation needed] The creole wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite; the largest fish in a group is a dominant breeding male...

kopukopu, pākirikiri, pātutuki, rāwaru and taipua. Parapercis colias are protogynous hermaphrodites, which means they have both female and male reproductive...

groups, a harem of a single male and several females. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite and if there is no male in the group the dominant female...

especially crustaceans. It often gathers in large schools. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, the females can attain sexual maturity at around two years...

a fish and is expected to live until at least 40 years old. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite, which means the female can evolve into a male during its...

on zooplankton, small crustacea and smaller fishes. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, all individuals hatch as females. Each time a male dies...

upon three modes—protogyny, protandry, and bi-directional sex change. Protogynous sex change is the female to male gonadal redifferentiation, and it is...

and sea urchins. They are found in small schools. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite. Lethrinus miniatus is caught by Handline fishing and dropline...

the Sicilian name of the Mediterranean rainbow wrasse (Coris julis), a protogynous fish that is born female and turns male as it grows older. The Viola...

prefer shallower waters than adults. Chrysoblephus puniceus is the only protogynous hermaphrodite in the Natal area, with females becoming male at approximately...

yellow-white. Deutogynes lack opisthosomal microtubercles present in the protogynous generations. "Aceria elongata". gallformers.com. Retrieved 2021-08-29...

aggregations off Aceh in Sumatra. This species is yet to be confirmed as a protogynous hermaphrodite. Spawning takes place between December and February. This...

algae but some worms and crustaceans are consumed. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, the dominant female in a group will change sex if there...

feeding at night on crustaceans, molluscs, and fish. These fish are protogynous hermaphrodites, with females able to change sex to male. This is not...

will at least partially bury themselves in the mud. They are diandric protogynous hermaphrodites, some males develop from juveniles to males while others...

10 cm. Like other members of its genus, the psychedelic wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, capable of changing sex from female to male depending...

schools and feeds on small benthic invertebrates and zooplankton. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite, starting life as a female and later changing into a male...

guards a harem made up of a small group of females. They are nonadric protogynous hermaphrodites and when the dominant male is lost the most dominant female...

biology of the foxfish Bodianus frenchii , a very long‐lived and monandric protogynous hermaphroditic labrid". Journal of Fish Biology. 77 (3): 600–626. doi:10...

bream, jacks and pompanos, drums and grey mullet. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite; all fish start life as females, attaining sexual maturity...

fishes and crustaceans, mainly stomatopods and crabs. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite and the change in sex from female to male takes place between...

captured on or in the substrate. Like most wrasse, the twotone wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, i.e. individuals start life as females with the capability...

or in the sand. Like many other wrasses, the checkerboard wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, starting life as a female and later becoming a male, changing...

some association with the mushroom Heliofungia actiniformis. They are protogynous hermaphrodites the males developing a larger size, longer more pointed...

captured on or in the substrate. Like most wrasse, the canari wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, i.e. individuals start life as females with the capability...

biology of this fish is not well known. Some sources suggest it may be a protogynous hermaphrodite, with the female able to change sex and become male, while...

New Guinea The species occur in tropical and subtropical rainforests Protogynous and autocompatible flowers, with a reduction in selfing through herkogamy...

shelter. Their diet consists mainly of zooplankton. Hawkfish anthias are protogynous hermaphrodites and when a male in a loose aggregation dies or dis appears...

and crabs, as well as fish and cephalopods. The yellow grouper is a protogynous hermaphrodite and, in Hong Kong, spawning takes place from February and...

south of Durban. This species is a relatively slow-growing, diandric protogynous hermaphrodite, this means that some males are change sex from functional...

social groups, harems with a single male and up to 8 females. They are protogynous hermaphrodites and if no male is present the dominant female will change...

on pelagic crustaceans, copepods and other zooplankton. It may be a protogynous hermaphrodite but further study is needed to confirm this. The swallowtail...

fish stocks respond to various levels of fishing pressure. They are protogynous hermaphrodites, starting their lives as females, and change sex later...

the submerged side of the leaf is purple. The fragrant flowers are protogynous. During the first day of flowering they are functionally female. In the...

and other beetles in family Staphylinidae. The plants produce large protogynous flowers which are viable for up to 24 hours. The flowers are thermogenic...

normally recorded near caves or crevices in the reef. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, the larger fish in a pair will change sex to become male...

found in shallow rocky reefs and on sandy bottoms. It is a diandric protogynous hermaphrodite. Some of the males do not necessarily have a functional...

which feeds on small invertebrates and seaweeds. The zebra seabream is a protogynous hermaphrodite, in which the males usually reach sexual maturity at a...

only in specimens in the terminal phase. The stoplight parrotfish is a protogynous hermaphrodite that shows full sexual dichromatism, meaning that it changes...

invertebrates and is found in small schools. This species is thought to be a protogynous hermaphrodite as the population shows sex ratios biased towards females...

invertebrates. They can reach a maximum size of 60 cm in length. They are protogynous meaning females have the ability to change to males. Scup occur primarily...

males have long filaments extending from both lobes. They appear to be protogynous and when they change from female to male this is associated with changes...

male and several females. It feeds mainly on algae. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite and the dominant female in a harem will change sex to male...

the age of the oldest fish recorded. This species is thought to be a protogynous hermaphrodite and, off the Eastern Cape, spawning occurs between May...

expelling the sand through the gill operculae. Like most wrasse, it is a protogynous hermaphrodite, i.e. individuals start life as females with the capability...

30 cm (one foot) in length, are herbivorous. They are hermaphrodite protogynous. Yellowbar Parrotfish have rough jaws of fused pebble-like teeth that...

fish are found farther inshore than the adults. The common pandora is a protogynous hermaphroditism in which the females change sex to become males when...

alarmed they hide among the coral. Like all other angelfish it is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with all individuals being female initially and the dominant...

germinate within a few days at humid condition. Gametophytes reproduce protogynous reproduction i.e., formation of female gamete before male one. Equisetum...

plant bleeds a milky latex when cut or broken. Pouteria australis is protogynous; that is, the female parts of the tree mature before the male parts,...

pectoral fins for thrust (known as labriform locomotion). This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, some females change into males when there are no males...

hermaphroditic, some may be simultaneously hermaphroditic while other species are protogynous hermaphrodites or protandrous hermaphrodites and they adopt the colouring...

is also used to signal for mates. The individuals of this species are protogynous hermaphrodites; young adults are females and as they mature they become...

pessuliferus) are known to cooperate with each other when hunting. Grouper are protogynous hermaphrodites, who school in harems that can vary greatly in size according...

had their reproductive biology studied, and many species appear to be protogynous hermaphrodites. In some species, though, males in the populations are...

diverse range of benthic fishes and crustaceans. It is thought to be a protogynous hermaphrodite with sexually mature females changing sex to become males...

become higher through stem elongation in the summer. The flowers are protogynous: the pistils mature before the maturation of the anthers to prevent self-fertility...

a cleaner fish. Like many other wrasses, the yellowhead wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, starting life as a female and later becoming a male, changing...

mainly feeds on molluscs and crustaceans. The blue-throated wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, females change sex into males, which happens after they...

Mediterranean and Black seas. Like most wrasses, Labrus species are protogynous, and can undergo sex change from female to male. The form of protogyny...

cephalopods and fishes. P. pagrus and P. caeruleostictus are at least partial protogynous hermaphrodites. Pagrus seabreams are valued as food fishes, as well as...

sexual maturity at about 11 centimetres (4.3 in) and this species is a protogynous hermaphrodite. Paralabrax dewegeri was first formally described as Prionodes...

contents sampled consisting of reef fishes with some squid. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite and the females reach sexual maturity at a fork length...

reefs at depths between 20 and 380 metres (66 and 1,247 ft). It is a protogynous hermaphrodite and 50% of the females are sexually mature at 58 centimetres...

copepods, annelids and marine water fleas. The yellowback seabream is a protogynous hermaphrodite the change of sex occurs at around four years old in the...

which feeds on worms, smaller fishes and crustaceans. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite and the females become sexually mature at around 24 centimetres...

mimicking, they hunt for small fish. This species is likely to exhibit protogynous hermaphrodity, first maturing as a female and later on transitioning...

groups, harems of a male and as many as 4 females. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite and if the male in a group disappears the dominant female...

behaviors are useful in successful mating. The Mediterranean flour moth is a protogynous species, so females emerge significantly earlier than males. This mechanism...

approximately 230-240mm long and weighs around 240g. The dusky parrotfish is a protogynous hermaphrodite, as evidenced by instances where a dominant female in a...

crossability experiments at the Arnold Arboretum in the 1970s, U. laciniata, a protogynous species, was found to be incompatible with U. davidiana var. japonica...

the D. trimaculatus group are gonochoristic, but all other species are protogynous (ie, females can change sex and become males as they grow older or larger)...

on small fish, crustaceans and other invertebrates. It is probably a protogynous hermaphrodite, that is it starts life as a female but at some stage changes...

nectaries at the base. Petals may also have purplish edges. Flowers are protogynous, having primarily female sexual structures on the first day of appearance...

It preys on small benthic invertebrates. The variegated emperor is a protogynous hermaphrodite. Carpenter, K.E.; Lawrence, A. & Myers, R. (2016). "Lethrinus...

Robertson, D. R., Reinboth, R., & Bruce, R. W. (1982). Gonochorism, protogynous sex change and spawning in three Sparisomatinine parrotfishes from the...

sexually mature at 2 years old, but 4 years old is more normal, They are protogynous hermaphrodites, and between 5 and 14 years old the females change sex...

Its prey is mainly benthic invertebrates and smaller fishes. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite, but there is no evidence that this is functional, and...

particularly well in freshly disturbed, cut or eroded peat. E. angustifolium is protogynous. Sexual reproduction in Eriophorum angustifolium begins with flowering...

and 5–20 cm wide. The petioles are flattened to terete. The yellow, protogynous, pedunculate, 3–4 cm wide flowers are raised above the water surface...

water over reefs. Like all other angelfish the spotbreast angelfish is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with all individuals being female initially and the dominant...

regions of Otago in New Zealand. For the hermaphrodite flowers, they are protogynous. This means that the female stigma matures before the male anther to...

butterfly perch (Caesioperca lepidoptera). Callanthis species appear to be protogynous hermaphrodites and the grow of the filaments on the caudal fin may be...

invertebrates especially sponges and tunicates. Like all other angelfish it is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with all individuals being female initially and the dominant...

Its Japanese language common name is shirasukiba-haze. This fish is a protogynous hermaphrodite, undergoing a form of sequential hermaphroditism in which...

ratio and lack of small males suggests that this species is a monandric protogynous hermaphrodite but this has not been confirmed histologically. Spawning...

also taking small fish. Several members of the family Pinguipedidae are protogynous hermaphrodites, starting their adult life as females and changing sex...

other species in its genus, the yellow clown goby is a bidirectional protogynous hermaphrodite. It starts life always as a female and when paired up as...

reefs. Like most other anthias species, Pseuadanthias rubrizonatus is a protogynous hermaphrodite. Also following the general trend, fish of this species...

lower lip. These can be variable in size and shape. The flowers are protogynous, meaning that the female stigmas mature before the male anthers, and...

reefs with elevated topography in deep water. Crysoblephus laticeps is a protogynous hermaphrodite, the mature females transform into territorial males upon...

cover, feeding and nesting. Like many wrasse species this fish is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with sexual maturity being attained by males at a total...

ephemeral fronds during the summer and autumn. Bugulina flabellata is a protogynous hermaphrodite, that is, each zooid starts life as a female but later...

water column. Like all of their congeners the blackedged angelfish is a protogynous hermaphrodite, starting their life as female and the dominant female...

northwards. Normally solitary, Polysteganus praeorbitalis is thought to be a protogynous hermaphrodite, but this is not yet confirmed. For commercial and recreational...

Serranidae, some Paralabrax species are hermaphrodites, specifically protogynous hermaphrodites, which are female when young and eventually change into...

amphipods, isopods, prawns, crabs and echinoids. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, it switches sex from female to male at some stage in its...

social groups, harems with a single male and up to 4 females. They are protogynous hermaphrodites and if no male is present the dominant female will change...

Divers have noted that this is a curious species and is not shy. They are protogynous hermaphrodites and the older females can change sex to become males when...

be found in coral reefs. It feeds on fishes and crustaceans. They are protogynous hermaphrodites, the males are larger and older than the females with...

trichosclereids in the mesophyll layer of the leaf. Nymphaea tenuinervia has protogynous flowers with nocturnal anthesis. The floral fragrance has been described...

oviparous, which means it produces its offspring from eggs. It is a protogynous fish, meaning it is semi-hermaphrodite. A semi-hermaphrodite can change...

on crustaceans and other fishes. There is some evidence that it is a protogynous hermaphrodite. Liopropoma rubre was first formally described in 1861...

on or in the substrate. Like most wrasse, the chain-lined wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, i.e. individuals start life as females with the capability...

preys mainly on other fishes and on crustaceans. The chocolate hind is a protogynous hermaphrodite, they undergo a sex change from females to males, although...

they are predated by larger predatory fish. This wrasse is a sequential protogynous hermaphrodite: every individual begins life as a females but some fish...

composed of sponges and tunicates. Like all other angelfish it is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with all individuals being female initially and the dominant...

crustaceans while the juveniles feed on zooplankton. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, spawning between July and October in the Western Cape...

pseudanthia are the main mode of vegetative propagation. The nocturnal, protogynous flowers last for two days. Autogamy does not occur. Fruit set has only...

over rock and rubble substrates. It feeds on algae or detritus. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite, like other members of the genus Centropyge, and the young...

Killifish, and other similarly sized carnivorous fish. Hargeria rapax is a protogynous species meaning they start life as the female morph then transition to...

into the water column to release their gametes. They are likely to be protogynous hermaphrodites but further study is needed to confirm this. Cirrhatus...

males are territorial and guard harems of females. This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite. the juveniles are females and some will change sex to...

associated with branching corals such as Acropora. It is likelyto be a protogynous hermaphrodite, with half of the fish changing sex at a total length of...

well as mucus and polyps off of corals. Pleurosicya mossambica is a protogynous species, meaning that they are sequential hermaphrodites with female...

variety of reef associated invertebrates. The daggerhead seabream is a protogynous hermaphrodite with a spawning season that runs from November to January...

found between 2 and 8 metres. Lethrinus atkinsoni has been found to be a protogynous hermaphrodite, the males develop from mature females, in some populations...

spawning takes place in December and January. This species may be a protogynous hermaphrodite. It is a carnivorous species which feeds on crustaceans...

obsoletus preys mainly on crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite, and in Palau, spawning takes place between November and...

in both xeric and wet forests. In Canella winterana, the flowers are protogynous. The berries are usually red, and probably eaten by birds, which contribute...

exterior of the sponge has micro-hairs. Leucosolenia botryoides is a protogynous hermaphrodite, much like other sponges in the Calcarea class. They typically...

disperse their genetics to another plant. Nearly all trap flowers are protogynous. There is a large number of different flies that the arum plant attracts...

invertebrates, particularly molluscs. The king soldierbream may be a protogynous hermaphrodite. In the Arabian Sea spawning was seen to take place between...

Mediterranean then it is thought to be during the summer that it spawns. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite. Pagellus bellottii is one of the most important target...

found on the seaward sides of rocky and coral reefs. This species is protogynously hermaphroditic and is normally encountered in harems consisting of a...

diurnal activity which can be maximal at sunrise and/or at sunset. It is protogynous hermaphrodite, which means the female can change sex to become male during...

towards conspecifics. Like most other wrasses, the zigzag wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with all individuals starting life as female with the...

reefs and lagoons as well as in nearby sea grass beds. This fish is a protogynous hermaphrodite which has been recorded spawning in the late afternoons...

juveniles are found between 60 and 100 m (200 and 330 ft). This species is a protogynous hermaphrodite with the females reaching sexual maturity at a fork length...

rays. They feed on small fishes and crustaceans. They are thought to be protogynous hermaphrodites and to be organised into harems of a single male and a...

other fish species. Some of the species in this genus are known to be protogynous hermaphrodites. Nicolas Baillie (2019). "Scolopsis Cuvier, 1814". WoRMS...

and small shrimps and crabs. Like many wrasse, P. lacticlaviatus is a protogynous hermaphrodite and shows sexual dichromatism in which the females hold...

maturing into a fish. There is some evidence of the changing of sex, or protogynous hermaphroditism. Evidence of this is seen in gonad tissue that may contain...

to be larger than females, and this suggests that this species is a protogynous hermaphrodite. These fishes spawned during the monsoon from August to...

fishes in daytime and crustaceans at night. It is thought that it is a protogynous hermaphrodite with the older reproductively functional females changing...

these predators. The juveniles are mimics of damselfish. The coney is a protogynous hermaphrodite, the females attain sexual maturity at a total length of...

intensifies and they erect their red dorsal fins. They are nonandric protogynous hermaphrodites in which all the fish are born female and the largest...

is little known but spawning occurs in the spring and some adults are protogynous. Chrysoblephus anglicus ranks as the fifth most important reef fish species...

facilitate pollinating on different lineages. C. akebioides is also a protogynous plant, meaning the female reproductive organ matures before the male...

thickened lower pectoral fin rays among sponges and corals. They are protogynous hermaphrodites, all start out as female and live in harems, if the male...

pelvic fins. Like many other members of its genus, it is thought to be a protogynous hermaphrodite, starting adult life as a female and later becoming a male...

differentiation in the ripening of sexual organs, is common in monocots with both protogynous and protoandrous flowers. Herkogamy, which is the spatial separation...

the larger the home range. The thumbprint emperor is thought to be a protogynous hermaphrodite which gathers in spawning aggregations to breed, in Japan...

of coral reefs. Like all species of Pseudanthias they are nonandric protogynous hermaphrodites in which all the fish are born female and the largest...

succeeded in hybridizing English elm with U. glabra and U. rubra, both also protogynous species. However, the same experiments also showed English elm to be...

It is found at depths of 1 to 150 metres (3.3 to 492.1 ft). It is a protogynous hermaphrodite. Sexually mature females were found between fork lengths...

1007/s10126-006-6023-7. PMID 16937020. S2CID 36465594. Rowland, S.J.; R. Snape. "Labile protogynous hermaphroditism in the black bream, Acanthopagrus butcheri (Munro) (Sparidae)"...

the first and second rays. H. sanchezi are hermaphrodites, most often protogynous. The largest female in a given area can change its sex to male in order...