Protobothrops

Protobothrops
Protobothrops cornutus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Viperidae
Subfamily: Crotalinae
Genus: Protobothrops
Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1983
Type species
Bothrops flavoviridis
Hallowell, 1861

Protobothrops is a genus of pit vipers found in Asia.[1] It is also known as the lance headed pit vipers.[2]

The venom of Protobothrops can be diverse and unique across individual organisms of the same and differing species and has demonstrated the ability to evolve in an accelerated manner.[3][4] One possible explanation for these traits is that the habitat in which Protobothrops reside contains a large variety of prey which may have prompted the diversification of the venom related genes.[3][4]

Species

Image Scientific name Distribution
Protobothrops cornutus (M.A. Smith, 1930) Vietnam and Southern China.
Protobothrops dabieshanensis Huang, T. Pan, Han, L. Zhang, Hou, Yu, Zheng & B. Zhang, 2012 China
Protobothrops elegans (Gray, 1849) Ryukyu Islands, specifically the Yaeyama Islands.
Protobothrops flavirostris Grassby-Lewis, Brakels, Maury, Sitthivong, Frohlich, Pawangkhanant, Idiiatullina, Nguyen & Poyarkov, 2025[5] Vang Vieng District, Vientiane Province, Laos
Protobothrops flavoviridis (Hallowell, 1861) Ryukyu Islands, including Okinawa and the Amami Islands.
Protobothrops himalayanus H. Pan, Chettri, D. Yang, K. Jiang, K. Wang, L. Zhang & Vogel, 2013 China (southern Tibet), Nepal, Bhutan, India (Sikkim)
Protobothrops jerdonii (Günther, 1875) India, Nepal, Myanmar, China, and Vietnam.
Protobothrops kaulbacki (M.A. Smith, 1940) Myanmar, China
Protobothrops kelomohy Sumontha, Vasaruchapong, Chomngam, Suntrarachun, Pawangkhanant, Sompan, Smit, Kunya & Chanhome, 2020 Northern Thailand
Protobothrops mangshanensis (Zhao, 1990) China (Guangdong, Hunan)
Protobothrops maolanensis J. Yang, Orlov & Y. Wang, 2011 China (Guizhou)
Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Cantor, 1839) India (Assam and Mizoram) and Bangladesh, to Myanmar, China (including Hainan, and as far north as Gansu and as far east as Zhejiang), Laos, northern and central Vietnam, also found in northern Thailand as well as in Taiwan
Protobothrops sieversorum (Ziegler, Herrmann, David, Orlov & Pauwels, 2000) Vietnam
Protobothrops tokarensis (Nagai, 1928) Kagoshima, Kyushu and the Ryukyu Islands
Protobothrops trungkhanhensis Orlov, Ryabov & Nguyen, 2009 Vietnam, China
Protobothrops xiangchengensis (Zhao, Y. Jiang & Huang, 1979) China (Yunnan, Sichuan)

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Protobothrops.

References

  1. ^ Protobothrops at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 13 August 2022..
  2. ^ Grassby-Lewis, Rupert J.; Brakels, Peter; Maury, Nathanaël; Sitthivong, Saly; Frohlich, David; Pawangkhanant, Parinya; Idiiatullina, Sabira S.; Nguyen, Tan Van; Poyarkov, Nikolay A. (2025-02-25). "A new endemic karst-associated species of lance-headed pit viper (Squamata, Viperidae, Protobothrops) from Laos". Herpetozoa. 38: 43–60. doi:10.3897/herpetozoa.38.e146004. ISSN 2682-955X.
  3. ^ a b Shibata, Hiroki; Chijiwa, Takahito; Oda-Ueda, Naoko; Nakamura, Hitomi; Yamaguchi, Kazuaki; Hattori, Shousaku; Matsubara, Kazumi; Matsuda, Yoichi; Yamashita, Akifumi; Isomoto, Akiko; Mori, Kazuki (2018-07-26). "The habu genome reveals accelerated evolution of venom protein genes". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 11300. Bibcode:2018NatSR...811300S. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28749-4. PMC 6062510. PMID 30050104.
  4. ^ a b Inamaru, Kento; Takeuchi, Ami; Maeda, Marie; Shibata, Hiroki; Fukumaki, Yasuyuki; Oda-Ueda, Naoko; Hattori, Shosaku; Ohno, Motonori; Chijiwa, Takahito (2020-03-12). "Discovery of the Gene Encoding a Novel Small Serum Protein (SSP) of Protobothrops flavoviridis and the Evolution of SSPs". Toxins. 12 (3): 177. doi:10.3390/toxins12030177. PMC 7150969. PMID 32178380.
  5. ^ Grassby-Lewis, Rupert J.; Brakels, Peter; Maury, Nathanaël; Sitthivong, Saly; Frohlich, David; Pawangkhanant, Parinya; Idiiatullina, Sabira S.; Nguyen, Tan Van; Poyarkov, Nikolay A. (2025-02-25). "A new endemic karst-associated species of lance-headed pit viper (Squamata, Viperidae, Protobothrops) from Laos". Herpetozoa. 38: 43–60. doi:10.3897/herpetozoa.38.e146004. ISSN 2682-955X.



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