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A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The...

of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A polyphyletic grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize...

Ratites (/ˈrætaɪts/) are a polyphyletic group consisting of all birds within the infraclass Palaeognathae that lack keels and cannot fly. They are mostly...

"creodonts". However, recent analyses suggest carnivoramorphans was polyphyletic with Viverravidae being basal to the clade containing hyaenodonts, oxyaenids...

monophyletic Gram negative clade, a monophyletic Gram positive clade, and a polyphyletic Archeota derived from Gram positives. Hori and Osawa's molecular analysis...

Mycetozoa is a polyphyletic grouping of slime molds. It was originally thought to be a monophyletic clade, but in 2010 it was discovered that protostelia...

Stenoplesictidae is the name of a polyphyletic family of extinct civet-like feliforms. Morlo M. & Nagel D. (2007). "The carnivore guild of the Taatsiin...

an example of convergent evolution, and thus the category "slug" is polyphyletic. Of the six orders of Pulmonata, two – the Onchidiacea and Soleolifera...

Aipichthys is an extinct genus of bony fish that is possibly polyphyletic. Formerly classified in the Polymixiiformes, it is now thought to be a distant...

polyphyly, or polyphyletic, uses the Ancient Greek prefix πολύς (polús), meaning "many, a lot of", and refers to the fact that a polyphyletic group includes...

Carinotetraodon is a polyphyletic genus of small freshwater pufferfish found in South and Southeast Asia. Several species have commercial importance as...

expanded with a number of genera that were formerly placed in the widely polyphyletic Icacinaceae. As of June 2016[update], the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website...

more robust than those based on more limited evidence. Mono-, para- and polyphyletic taxa can be understood based on the shape of the tree (as done above)...

paraphyletic or polyphyletic: The Thoracotremata superfamily Grapsoidea is polyphyletic The Thoracotremata superfamily Ocypodoidea is polyphyletic The Heterotremata...

Magnetotactic bacteria (or MTB) are a polyphyletic group of bacteria that orient themselves along the magnetic field lines of Earth's magnetic field. Discovered...

difficult to identify as separate species without use of microscopy. The polyphyletic genus has been estimated to contain over 100 species. Species include:...

used as fishing bait, are known as gentles. The family is known to be polyphyletic, but much remains disputed regarding proper treatment of the constituent...

Phylogenetic result Protantheae Sister to Boloceroidaria Ptychodacteae Polyphyletic because its members are not recovered as sister taxa; clustered with...

allokotosaurs and rhynchosaurs, the hugely diverse Archosauriformes, and a polyphyletic grouping of various long-necked reptiles including Protorosaurus, tanystropheids...

Thallophytes (Thallophyta or Thallobionta) are a polyphyletic group of non-motile organisms traditionally described as "thalloid plants", "relatively simple...

Echovirus is a polyphyletic group of viruses associated with enteric disease in humans. The name is derived from "enteric cytopathic human orphan virus"...

classified in an order called Aspidochirotida, which was determined to be polyphyletic in 2017. Synallactida includes over 130 species in three extant families...

This family was once considered part of the order Insectivora, but that polyphyletic order is now considered defunct. Erinaceids are generally shrew-like...

Pelagiellida are a group of Cambrian molluscs superficially assigned to the (polyphyletic) Monoplacophora, although their true taxonomic affinities within the...

its family (the humpback whale and gray whale); the genus is currently polyphyletic, with the two aforementioned species being phylogenetically nested within...

damp places such as rotting wood. More formally, the slime molds are a polyphyletic assemblage of distantly related eukaryotic organisms in the Stramenopiles...

Kazakhstan, represented by the family Bethylonymidae, which may be para- or polyphyletic. The use of the name Aculeata has a long history at the rank of infraorder...

the family Mustelidae also termed 'badgers' (which are themselves a polyphyletic group). There are two extant species – the Palawan stink badger or pantot...

(rDNA) sequences show that Physarum is polyphyletic, forming at least three distinct clades. Support for the polyphyletic origin of Physarum comes from a synapomorphy:...

Liver fluke is a collective name of a polyphyletic group of parasitic trematodes under the phylum Platyhelminthes. They are principally parasites of the...

relatives as Chenopodiaceae, but this leaves the rest of the Amaranthaceae polyphyletic. However, among the Amaranthaceae, the genus Chenopodium is the namesake...

Helianthodae. A phylogenetic study published in 2019 found that Asterodae was polyphyletic, and in 2024 Feng et al. placed tribes Anthemideae and Calenduleae in...

primitive ungulate mammals and have since been shown to represent a polyphyletic group. The Amblypoda take their name from their short and stumpy feet...

but a phylogenetic study published in 2012 found that the genus was polyphyletic. In the reorganisation to create monophyletic genera, Serinus was split...

this case, polyphyletic); the BioSystematic Database of World Diptera, for example, states "The Calliphoridae are marked as a polyphyletic group of convenience...

Many of these organisms were previously known as the thallophytes, a polyphyletic group of distantly related organisms. An organism or structure resembling...

Dicyemida and the dubious Monoblastozoa, but now are largely considered a polyphyletic group of simplified eumetazoans. Though some archaic fossil groups such...

leaves. Often confused with Botryosphaeria, Physalospora is probably polyphyletic. Physalospora abdita Physalospora alpestris Physalospora anamalaiensis...

phylogenetic study published in 2009 labeled the Oncidium alliance "grossly polyphyletic." In the same year, the American Orchid Society labeled the genus a "dumping...

but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that such a grouping is polyphyletic for Buteoninae. It is now placed in the subfamily Buteoninae. The genus...

subsumed into Coendou, since Sphiggurus was shown by genetic studies to be polyphyletic, while Echinoprocta nested within Coendou. Among the most notable features...

The Clostridia are a highly polyphyletic class of Bacillota, including Clostridium and other similar genera. They are distinguished from the Bacilli by...

of the genera, especially Kochia and Bassia, were found to be highly polyphyletic, so some of their species had to be transferred to separate genera: Eokochia...

and was re-split following the discovery that genera in the family are polyphyletic. S. prenanthoides belongs to one of several small genera in the Campanulaceae...

Phalcoboenus. Molecular genetic studies found that the genus Milvago was polyphyletic with the chimango caracara sister to the genus Phalcoboenus and the yellow-headed...

paraphyletic group, a clade minus one or more subordinate clades. Names of polyphyletic groups, characterized by a trait that evolved convergently in two or...

classified in an order called Aspidochirotida, which was determined to be polyphyletic in 2017. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Persiculida". www...

Whenever monophyly has not been tested, or is known to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic, the term "group" or "informal group" has been used. The classification...

An endotherm (from Greek ἔνδον endon "within" and θέρμη thermē "heat") is an organism that maintains its body at a metabolically favorable temperature...

but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that this grouping is polyphyletic, nested within the Accipitrinae. The harrier-hawks in the genus Polyboroides...

Regarding the recent evidence that the traditional Pelecaniformes is polyphyletic, it has been suggested that the group be divided to reflect the true...

DNA sequences later showed that Tabebuia, as then circumscribed, was polyphyletic. In 2007, it was divided into three separate genera. Primavera (Roseodendron...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

Roman times. The African parrots, unlike their Neotropical cousins, are polyphyletic: Agapornis of Africa and Madagascar was found to be the sister group...

citron, is a citrus with sour fruit. Historically placed within the polyphyletic grouping of papedas, it has since been determined to be a wild species...

"patelliform" (dish-shaped). Existing within the class Gastropoda, limpets are a polyphyletic group (its members descending from different immediate ancestors). All...

that claims paternal descent from one common ancestor; rather, it is polyphyletic. During the Ottoman period it formed a single bajrak (military-administrative...

recent molecular evidence,[when?] indicates that the Aplacophora may be polyphyletic, and therefore some taxonomists may divide Solenogastres and Caudofoveata...

important parasites of fish like Myxobolus cerebralis. The genus is polyphyletic, with members scattered throughout the myxozoa. Some stages of Myxobolus...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

Volvox is a polyphyletic genus of chlorophyte green algae in the family Volvocaceae. Volvox species form spherical colonies of up to 50,000 cells, and...

other than they were to other archosaurs. Although his concept of a polyphyletic Dinosauria is no longer accepted by most paleontologists, Seeley's basic...

but was discarded by J. A. Harrison (1979) after it was shown to be polyphyletic: it consisted of the genera Camelops and Megatylopus, which were moved...

Hindko (ہندکو, romanised: Hindko, IPA: [ˈɦɪnd̚koː]) is a polyphyletic label for a diverse group of Lahnda dialects spoken by several million people of...

described, with more recent evidence suggesting that it is paraphyletic or polyphyletic as previously defined. Although madtsoiids persisted on Australia until...

that includes the Osage orange. Recent work suggests that the tribe is polyphyletic. The Moreae are a tribe of trees, shrubs, climbers and herbs that are...

This circumscription, called Clinopodium sensu lato, was shown to be polyphyletic in 2004, with additional information on the issue published in 2010....

stalked taxa that were neither crinoids nor blastoids. It was shown to be polyphyletic in the late 1960s but continues to be used even in recent (as of 2022)...

been controversial, with recent molecular studies finding Mazama to be polyphyletic, with Subulo being more related to other South American genera such as...

other protist classifications, making the term "algae" a rather vague polyphyletic group. Archaeplastida should not be confused with the older and obsolete...

a phylogenetic analysis by Perktaş et al (2020) found genus Tauraco polyphyletic and a revised classification has been proposed based on molecular, morphological...

punctata This genus was formerly placed in the Maydeae, now known to be polyphyletic. Members of this genus produce their own variety of α-zein prolamins...

green and brown. They lack one common multicellular ancestor, forming a polyphyletic group. In addition, blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) are occasionally...

but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that such a grouping is polyphyletic for Buteoninae. The subfamily contains four species in two genera: Microspizias...

Cavalier-Smith and colleagues indicated that the Chromista is probably a polyphyletic group whose members arose independently, sharing no more than descent...

studies demonstrated that Lagenorhynchus as previously constituted was polyphyletic. As a result, in 2025 the Pacific white-sided dolphin and dusky dolphin...

phylogenetic analysis published in 2011 showed that the original genus was polyphyletic. The genus contains two species: The name Stomiopera was first proposed...

Psilocybin mushroom is a type of hallucinogenic mushroom and a polyphyletic informal group of fungi that contain the prodrug psilocybin, which is metabolised...

Americas, Australasia, and the Pacific. However this circumscription was polyphyletic, so in 2004 the genus was split into four, being Centaurium sensu stricto...

assigned to Angelica do not form a single evolutionary lineage, are polyphyletic and require taxonomic revision. PENA clade acronym for the genera Perideridia...

fossil species. However, that original grouping was discovered to be polyphyletic. In recent years, the family Turridae has been much reduced in size,...

by Gilbert et al. 2006 and Duarte et al. 2008, that showed Mazama is polyphyletic. Brooke, V., 1878. On the classiWcation of the Cervidae, with a synopsis...

traditional subfamilies within the group. However, the Oenochrominae are polyphyletic, falling in three clades within the tree. Traditionally, the Archiearinae...

chloroplast DNA along with morphological characters found that the section is polyphyletic, though the close relationships of many species were unable to be resolved...

particles (RNA) Defective interfering particles (DNA) Viriforms are a polyphyletic category of endogenous viral elements. Sometime in their evolution, they...

families. The taxon Pulmonata as traditionally defined was found to be polyphyletic in a molecular study per Jörger et al., dating from 2010. Pulmonata are...

into Linnaea. In 2015 Wang, Landrein, et al. also found that Abelia was polyphyletic, and that Zabelia was more closely related to Morina than to the rest...

Faviidae, Merulinidae, Mussidae and Pectiniidae, which had been shown to be polyphyletic. The family Lobophylliidae was formed out of the Indo-Pacific species...

a genus no longer recognized since genetic studies showed it to be polyphyletic. Sphiggurus pallidus, formerly considered a separate species but known...

the rank of class or phylum, but it has been realised that they are polyphyletic, as the various orders show notable differences and are no longer believed...

as Estesia, Primaderma and Gobiderma, but this group was found to be polyphyletic in the most recent and complete squamate phylogenetic analysis by Reeder...

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck for all non-arthropod invertebrate animals, now seen to be polyphyletic. In 1758, Linnaeus created the first hierarchical classification in his...

monophyletic, paraphyletic and polyphyletic mean?". miketaylor.org.uk. Archived from the original on 1 August 2010. "Polyphyletic vs. Monophyletic". National...

last archaeal common ancestor. Duplodnaviria is either monophyletic or polyphyletic and may predate the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of cellular...

Hannah M. Wood and Gustavo Hormiga, the remaining Clubionidae remain polyphyletic as a result of the current placement of genus Elaver. male Clubiona durbana...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

study published in 2010 found that the genus Grus, as then defined, was polyphyletic. In the resulting rearrangement to create monophyletic genera, the sandhill...

family. Its species form crust-like, smooth fruitbodies. It is probably polyphyletic and may be restricted to the group around the type species G. porosum...

pedicels of plants that are part of this genus. The genus is grossly polyphyletic and may contain up to nine different genera, of which Pombalia Vand....

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

into testate Testacealobosia and naked Gymnamoebia. These latter are polyphyletic, but molecular trees by Bolivar et al. identified a core monophyletic...

changed. In 2009, one of the subfamilies of Araliaceae was shown to be polyphyletic. The order Apiales is placed within the asterid group of eudicots as...

Vandeae Lower epidendroids Arethuseae (polyphyletic) Calypsoeae Collabieae Dendrobieae Epidendreae (polyphyletic) Gastrodieae Malaxideae Neottieae Nervilieae...

Pyricularia is a genus of fungi which was named by Saccardo in 1880. The polyphyletic nature of Pyricularia has been resolved and species of Pyricularia s...

various members classified in the genus Tabebuia showed that the taxon was polyphyletic, and two genera were resurrected to separate these members into three...

process of creating this set of characteristics. As a group, they are thus polyphyletic, meaning they have multiple evolutionary origins. Crabs vary in size...

other taxa. Wastebasket taxa are by definition either paraphyletic or polyphyletic, and are therefore not considered valid taxa under strict cladistic rules...

has been questioned, with a 2018 study suggested that the genus was polyphyletic as currently used. Table copied from: Bodnar, Josefina; Drovandi, Juan;...

Lederer in 1863. Dichocrocis in its current composition is considered polyphyletic, with many of its species misplaced. However, the type species, D. frenatalis...

taxon containing specimens from before and after the extinction would be polyphyletic. The term "Elvis taxon" was coined by D. H. Erwin and M. L. Droser in...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

different invertebrate phyla formerly included within Aschelminthes. It is a polyphyletic group. Although invertebrate experts do not necessarily agree on these...

Perdicinae, but this arrangement is now known to be paraphyletic and polyphyletic, respectively, and more recent evidence supports breaking it up into...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

first time. The analysis found both Lariosaurus and Nothosaurus to be polyphyletic in regard to each other and all the other genera of the family, making...

Accipitridae confirmed earlier work that had shown that the genus was polyphyletic. To resolve the non-monophyly, Accipiter was divided into six genera...

However, there was consistent molecular evidence that the genus is polyphyletic and several of the species moved to other genera, leaving only the white-beaked...

(sing.: protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that...

the clade Caenogastropoda. This "informal group" has been shown to be polyphyletic in a study by Harasewych et al., published in 1998. Superfamily Ampullarioidea...

planktonic, but adults are highly terrestrial). Aquatic animals are a diverse polyphyletic group based purely on the natural environments they inhabit, and many...

name, Galerina. Molecular studies have demonstrated that Galerina is polyphyletic. Gulden et al. (2005), using LSU and ITS sequences, recovered three or...

part of the order Insectivora, but Insectivora is now considered to be polyphyletic and obsolete. Additionally, there might be some dental synapomorphies...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

"artificial" and some of the species do not actually belong in it; it is polyphyletic. They are distinguished from other gymnotiform fishes by the presence...

zapotecorum Psilocybe zhushanensis R.L. Zhao & B. Cao "Resolving the polyphyletic origins of Pholiotina s.l. (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) based on Chinese...

the seriema family (Cariamidae), included in the Gruiformes in the old polyphyletic circumscription but recently placed in a distinct order: Cariamiformes...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

flux, with many of the groups being found to be grossly paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Prior to molecular phylogenetic studies, the family was subdivided primarily...

genus of amoeboid protists, described in 1923. It has been shown to be polyphyletic, and the species formerly contained in it have been divided among the...

water, although some macroalgae have holdfasts for anchorage. Algae are polyphyletic as they have multiple evolutionary origins. Although algae with two-membraned...

using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split and a number of species including the...

classification is undergoing revision. Many proposed families are paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Family Acolocrinidae Acolocrinus Paracolocrinus Family Allagecrinidae...

The genus formerly included African species but it was found to be polyphyletic in 2015. Several species formerly included in the genus were then moved...

Eichhornia, commonly called water hyacinths, was a polyphyletic genus of the aquatic flowering plants family Pontederiaceae. Since it was consistently...

or Lipotyphla, but both of those groups, as traditionally used, are polyphyletic. Some biologists use Tenrecoidea or Tenrecomorpha as the name for the...

circumscription was polyphyletic, so most of its hundreds of species have been reassigned to other genera. Molecular analyses have recovered five polyphyletic clades...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

and it is currently considered a wastebasket taxon that is 'broadly polyphyletic' and requires reexamination. It has been suggested that Hybodus sensu...

molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found that the genus Grus was polyphyletic. In the subsequent rearrangement four species were placed in the resurrected...

Agnotozoa is a rejected subkingdom of simple animals that is now considered polyphyletic. It is one of the three "traditional" animal subkingdoms, along with...

but rather paraphyletic or polyphyletic: The superfamilies Calappoidea, Eriphioidea, and Goneplacoidea are polyphyletic The superfamily Potamoidea is...

genus Accipiter. Molecular phylogenetic studies found that Accipiter was polyphyletic and in the subsequent rearrangement to create monophyletic genera, the...

Although previously used to encompass all guitarfishes, it was found to be polyphyletic, and recent authorities have transferred many species included in the...

convergent. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Burmanniales was actually polyphyletic, resulting in a redistribution of the families between the Liliales and...

Parareptilia ("near-reptiles") is an extinct subclass of basal sauropsids ("reptiles"). Traditionally considered the sister taxon to Eureptilia (the group...

have poorly developed molars). Edentata was subsequently realized to be polyphyletic; it contained unrelated families and was thus invalid. Order Pilosa Suborder...

embedded within Maxillaria as then circumscribed, rendering that genus polyphyletic. The authors suggested recognizing 17 separate genera, including in addition...

In the obsolete Cronquist system, the order Rosales was many times polyphyletic. It consisted of the family Rosaceae and 23 other families that are now...

1904 (probably polyphyletic) Neolamprologus Colombé & Allgayer, 1985 (polyphyletic?) Telmatochromis Boulenger, 1898 (probably polyphyletic) Variabilichromis...

Moller; Soler; Soler (1999). "Molecular phylogeny of cuckoos supports a polyphyletic origin of brood parasitism". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 12 (3):...

carniolicum. However, extensive DNA-analyses have shown that this group is polyphyletic. Lilium bosniacum Beck ex Fritsch 1909 Section 3b Syn.: L. carniolicum...

pagensis) which is overall paler in color, but this arrangement was polyphyletic. Both were formerly considered subspecies of the southern pig-tailed...

Oncocerida Order † Discosorida Order † Tarphycerida Order † Barrandeocerida A polyphyletic group included in the Tarphycerida Order Nautilida Subclass † Bactritoidea...

Recent phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that the genus Aloe is polyphyletic and that this unusual species is not in fact an aloe, but is more closely...

Centaurium beyrichii. Mansion, Guilhem (2004). "A new classification of the polyphyletic genus Centaurium Hill (Chironiinae, Gentianaceae): description of the...

using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split and a number of species including the...

Flabellifera is a former suborder of isopod crustaceans. It is a polyphyletic or paraphyletic group, and contained over 3000 species. Its members are now...

Exobasidiomycetes Agaricomycotina Dacrymycetales Agaricomycetes Wallemiomycetes Bartheletiomycetes Tremellomycetes See also: fungi imperfecti (polyphyletic group)....

carnivorous pseudosuchians ancestral to crocodylomorphs. Prestosuchidae is polyphyletic in its widest form, though it may retain some utility in a narrower sense...

outcrops and in rocky areas. The genus, as traditionally circumscribed, is polyphyletic, with different species being more related to other species in the tribe...

Magnoliidae. The Cronquist circumscription of Ranunculales is now known to be polyphyletic. Sabiaceae is in a clade of eudicots separate from Ranunculales. Coriariaceae...

studies have demonstrated that this broadly defined Loganiaceae was a polyphyletic assemblage, and numerous genera have been removed from Loganiaceae to...

marine macroalgae with new structural elements. Today, seagrasses are a polyphyletic group of marine angiosperms with around 60 species in five families (Zosteraceae...

from poor preservation. In 2025, Quetzalcoatlus was suggested to be polyphyletic with Quetzalcoatlus lawsoni not being sister to Quetzalcoatlus northropi...

group was subsequently called into question, and Bantoid itself may be polyphyletic, but the work did establish Southern Bantoid as a valid genetic unit...

species of disparate origin, leading to the species C. comosum being polyphyletic, instead of the traditional view of morphological divergence among the...

kaluga from East Asia. However, this placement was long found to be polyphyletic, with the kaluga grouping with other East Asian sturgeon species. In...

a genus no longer recognized since genetic studies showed it to be polyphyletic. Its closest relative is the frosted hairy dwarf porcupine (Coendou pruinosus)...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

microorganisms with highly bioactive metabolites. The genus is now known to be polyphyletic. As of 5 August 2023[update], the GBIF lists up to 602 species, while...

as several extinct taxa, "Ungulata" has since been determined to be a polyphyletic grouping based on molecular data. As a result, true ungulates have since...

phylogenetics study has shown that, while Pholiotina as currently defined is polyphyletic, the three clades that have been placed in Pholiotina are more closely...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

Testate amoebae (formerly thecamoebians, Testacea or Thecamoeba) are a polyphyletic group of unicellular amoeboid protists, which differ from naked amoebae...

found. A 2009 study of scutigeromorph phylogeny found Allothereua to be polyphyletic; some species were more closely related to Parascutigera. The genus name...

using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split and a number of species including the...

cellular life. Its origin is not known, nor whether it is monophyletic or polyphyletic. A characteristic feature is the HK97-fold found in the MCP of all members...

lions than they are to the Northern fur seal, so it was found to be a polyphyletic group. They are much more closely related to sea lions than true seals...

study of the bulbul family published in 2017 found that Pycnonotus was polyphyletic. In the revision to the generic classification five species were moved...

genus Accipiter. Molecular phylogenetic studies found that Accipiter was polyphyletic and in the subsequent rearrangement to create monophyletic genera, the...

containing reptiles and mammals). It has been suggested that the grouping is polyphyletic, with aistopods being primitive stem-tetrapods, while recumbirostran...

(fruit bodies) rather than on an outer surface. However, the class is polyphyletic, as such species—which include puffballs, earthballs, earthstars, stinkhorns...

authors. Genetic studies in 2013 have since showed Sphiggurus to be polyphyletic (this taxon was omitted from the study). Nonetheless, it is commonly...

for historical reasons, for example when people usually speak of the polyphyletic taxon because the members were long believed to form a "true" taxon and...

Accipiter. When molecular phylogenetic studies found that Accipiter was polyphyletic, the genus was split to create monophyletic genera. As part of this reorganisation...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

Exobasidiomycetes Agaricomycotina Dacrymycetales Agaricomycetes Wallemiomycetes Bartheletiomycetes Tremellomycetes See also: fungi imperfecti (polyphyletic group)....

Dung beetles are beetles that feed on feces. All species of dung beetle belong to the superfamily Scarabaeoidea, most of them to the subfamilies Scarabaeinae...

Phylogenetic studies indicate that this genus as presently defined is polyphyletic, with species of this genus from western North America forming a clade...

molecular studies, Chase et al's 2015 analysis confirmed that Diseae was a polyphyletic grouping. Consequently, the former subtribes of Diseae have been redistributed...

orders, some of them formerly grouped as "Pteridospermatophyta", the polyphyletic "seed ferns". †Cordaitales †Calamopityales †Callistophytales †Caytoniales...

family Cupressaceae; for the others, see cypress. It is considered a polyphyletic group. Based on genetic and morphological analysis, the genus Cupressus...

represented as Conus Thiele, 1929. The same study found Cylinder to be polyphyletic, but morphologically consistent, possibly corresponding to grades. Conus...

in "Microsauria", which has since been shown to be a paraphyletic or polyphyletic grouping. Like other "microsaurs", the recumbirostrans have traditionally...

studies of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences that the genus was polyphyletic. This was confirmed by Dario Zuccon and coworkers in a comprehensive...

the Citrus phylogenetic tree, and hence Swingle's proposed subgenus is polyphyletic and not a valid taxonomic grouping, but the term persists as a common...

phylogenetic study published in 2013 found that Myrmeciza, as then defined, was polyphyletic. In the resulting rearrangement to create monophyletic genera these species...

a genealogical node: they are at best paraphyletic, and very likely polyphyletic; like Papuan, the term is now used as one of convenience, and sometimes...

classification was identified from genetic studies. The grouping is polyphyletic, so the order is no longer in use as a biological classification.[when...

are quite artificial. For example, the Mucoraceae is believed to be polyphyletic, as are the Thamnidiaceae, Chaetocladiaceae and Radiomycetaceae. Some...

Møller; Soler; Soler (1999). "Molecular phylogeny of cuckoos supports a polyphyletic origin of brood parasitism". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 12 (3):...

re-evolved namely in Chamaesyce—or whether extensive xeromorphism is entirely polyphyletic even to the level of the subgenera. Esula Wood spurge Euphorbia amygdaloides...

plants, red algae, green algae, and glaucophytes) Chromalveolata (a polyphyletic group including kelp, water moulds, ciliates, dinoflagellates, and other...

habitats, and make up most of the macroscopic life in the oceans. It is a polyphyletic blanket term that contains all marine animals except the marine vertebrates...

depereti was assigned to Agriarctos by Kretzoi, but now proved to be polyphyletic. Agriarctos beatrix was published in 2011 as a new species of Agriarctos...

on molecular evidence and demonstrates the polyphyletic nature of the genus Carinotetraodon. A polyphyletic genus is one in which members share common...

500 species. Since the advent of molecular phylogenetics, the formerly polyphyletic genus has been split into more than 30 smaller, monophyletic genera after...

basal trait that Galton & Jensen saw as an indication that Theropoda was polyphyletic, with Carnosauria having independently evolved from carnivorous Prosauropoda)...

methods showed that the traditional circumscription of Cheilanthes is polyphyletic. Convergent evolution in arid environments is thought to be responsible...

species in America and about 30 species in Australia. This genus is polyphyletic, so taxonomical changes have to be expected. Gomphrena pulchella Gomphrena...

the Gasteromycetes or Gasteromycetidae, but they are now known to be a polyphyletic assemblage. The distinguishing feature of all puffballs is that they...

morphological characteristics to show that Mycosphaerella s. lat. was in fact polyphyletic, suggesting that it should be subdivided into natural genera as defined...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

Polyphyletic ethnonym in the United States...

based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, suggests the genus may be polyphyletic. The type species has not yet been sequenced, but Galzinia longibasidia...

†Bunohyrax †Geniohyus †Namahyrax †Nengohyrax †Pachyhyrax †"Saghatheriidae" (Polyphyletic) †Megalohyrax †Regubahyrax †Rukwalorax †Saghatherium †Selenohyrax †Thyrohyrax...

three largest genera, Carpodacus, Carduelis and Serinus were found to be polyphyletic. Each was split into monophyletic genera. The American rosefinches were...

classifications were confirmed in 2000 except for Neopangasius, found to be polyphyletic and to be part of Pangasius (Pangasius), thus leaving three subgenera...

Prestosuchidae (in its widest usage) is a polyphyletic grouping of carnivorous archosaurs that lived during the Triassic. They were large active terrestrial...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

phylogenetic studies revealed that B. buteo as then circumscribed was polyphyletic, leading to the recognition of the eastern buzzard and Himalayan buzzard...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

Simone Policena Rosa [species], she stated some members of this genus are polyphyletic with Lygelater bifossulatus [species] (Candèze, 1865), which discouraged...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

11646/phytotaxa.218.3.1. Egan AN, Vatanparast M, Cagle W (2016). "Parsing polyphyletic Pueraria: Delimiting distinct evolutionary lineages through phylogeny"...

golden mole, tenrecs, and elephant shrews with the traditional (and polyphyletic/incorrect) taxon Insectivora; and the aardvarks with the pangolins and...

Exobasidiomycetes Agaricomycotina Dacrymycetales Agaricomycetes Wallemiomycetes Bartheletiomycetes Tremellomycetes See also: fungi imperfecti (polyphyletic group)....

the classically recognized Eucarida paraphyletic. Syncarida is also polyphyletic which Bathynellacea and Anaspidacea are not sister groups to each other...

ancestral eukaryotic cell and a cyanobacterial resident. The algae are a polyphyletic group and are placed in various divisions, some more closely related...

morphologically similar families. However, such a treatment is now known to be polyphyletic. Suborder Percoidei Percoidea Centropomidae (Snooks) Latidae (Lates)...

The genus was reinstated in 2025 after genus Hibiscus was found to be polyphyletic, and comprises the former Hibiscus section Furcaria. 117 species are...

phylogenetic analysis, published in 2011, showed that the original genus was polyphyletic. BirdLife International (2022). "Bolemoreus hindwoodi". IUCN Red List...

gulls were placed in this genus, but this arrangement is now known to be polyphyletic, leading to the resurrection of the genera Chroicocephalus, Ichthyaetus...

Tagicetus is an extinct genus of dolphin belonging to the polyphyletic family Kentriodontidae. Although classified in the subfamily Kentriodontinae by...

discovered in Westphalia, Germany. The genus has been proposed to be polyphyletic, with D. pattoni possibly being an earlier diverging lineage, though...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

Accipiter. When molecular phylogenetic studies found that Accipiter was polyphyletic, the genus was split to create monophyletic genera. The genus Astur was...

kinds of plants. More recently, Boletus has been found to be massively polyphyletic, with only a small percentage of the over 300 species that have been...

Coxsackieviruses are a few related enteroviruses that belong to the Picornaviridae family of nonenveloped, linear, positive-sense, single-stranded, RNA...

described as a subgenus of Clubiona by H. Lohmander in 1944. Clubiona is a polyphyletic group that has been divided and reorganized many times, and whether this...

subgenus of Conocybe. However, Pholiotina as it is currently defined is polyphyletic, although none of the three clades that make it up belong in Conocybe...

classified in the order Aspidochirotida, which was determined to be polyphyletic in 2017. Some taxa were also reclassified into the clades Synallactida...

Mastigomycotina is a former polyphyletic taxonomic grouping, a subdivision, of fungi, similar to Phycomycetes, and that included the zoosporic classes...

short-legged omnivores in the superfamily Musteloidea. Badgers are a polyphyletic rather than a natural taxonomic grouping, being united by their squat...

not easy to distinguish from Chionanthus, mostly because the latter is polyphyletic and not clearly defined. Tribe Myxopyreae Myxopyrum Blume Dimetra Kerr...

native to Central and South America. It is likely that Juanulloa is polyphyletic. Species currently accepted by The Plant List are as follows: Juanulloa...

phylogenetic divisions of pure founder species, Swingle's subgenera were polyphyletic, and hence do not represent valid taxonomy. His novel genera also fail...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

phylogenetic study published in 2010 found that the genus, as then defined, was polyphyletic. In the resulting rearrangement to create monophyletic genera, four species:...

exoskeleton and eyes. Some scholars have proposed that the order Agnostida is polyphyletic, with the suborder Agnostina representing non-trilobite arthropods unrelated...

An anapsid is an amniote whose skull lacks one or more skull openings (fenestra, or fossae) near the temples. Traditionally, the Anapsida are considered...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

Accipitridae confirmed earlier work that had shown that the genus was polyphyletic. To resolve the non-monophyly, Accipiter was divided into six genera...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

data. However recent genomic studies have found that this group to be polyphyletic, with flamingos being more closely related to grebes while ibises, herons...

Russell L. Barrett reinstated the genus after Hibiscus was found to be polyphyletic. Five species are accepted. Muenchhusia coccinea (Walter) M.M.Hanes &...

cats") is a paraphyletic family of extinct predatory mammals within the polyphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil...

being labeled polyphyletic. Weidenreich himself in 1949 wrote: "I may run the risk of being misunderstood, namely that I believe in polyphyletic evolution...

phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that genus Cercomacra was polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split to create two monophyletic genera, and...

Sidnie Manton. This classification divided arthropods into a three-phyla polyphyletic group, with phylum Uniramia including the Hexapoda (insects), Myriapoda...

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00326.x. "Phylogenomic insights into the polyphyletic nature of Altai falcons within eastern sakers (Falco cherrug) and the...

N.; Vatanparast, Mohammad; Cagle, William (November 2016). "Parsing polyphyletic Pueraria: Delimiting distinct evolutionary lineages through phylogeny"...

Miocene. However, more recent research suggests that the genus might be polyphyletic, and that several of its species should be excluded from Ysengrinia....

(2016) that reexamined all historical members of the "Proterosuchia" (a polyphyletic historical group including proterosuchids and erythrosuchids). The placement...

Trisetella, and Zootrophion. Many genera in the Pleurothallidinae were found polyphyletic, for example species attributed to the genus Pleurothallis are scattered...

L. dimidiatus clade, so the bluestreak cleaner wrasse may in fact be polyphyletic, incorporating several species. This is a young wrasse, averaging 10 cm...

Phylogenies based on complete mitogenomes recovered some species as para- or polyphyletic. By contrast, a phylogeny based on nuclear genes derived from transcriptomic...

with Annelida in a group called the Articulata, and that Ecdysozoa are polyphyletic. Nielsen has suggested that a possible solution is to regard Ecdysozoa...

The median (middle) keel is the tallest. The Ochetoceratinae may be polyphyletic, derived from both the Oppeliidae and Hecticoceratinae as suggested by...

species is also called a nothospecies. Hybrid species are by their nature polyphyletic. A hybrid may occasionally be better fitted to the local environment...

data this is not a natural classification however, as the ciscoes are polyphyletic, comprising two different lineages within the freshwater whitefishes...

for many years, and the Margarodidae classification continued to be polyphyletic through the 20th Century. Since then, taking the advice of Koteja several...

nothrotheriids. They make the previously recognized family Megalonychidae polyphyletic, with both two-toed sloths and Greater Antilles sloths being moved away...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

Speta's 14 genera into one was not widely accepted, though they were polyphyletic, and had a number of problems. (This also had the effect of eliminating...

retained only internal remnants of a shell. Land slugs are a highly polyphyletic group, which means that many land slug families are not at all closely...

Hegewaldia Parachlorella clade Parachlorella Marasphaerium Dictyosphaerium (polyphyletic) Compactochlorella Mucidosphaerium Planktochlorella Closteriopsis Coronacoccus...

stem-relatives. In the past when the pinnipeds were considered to be a polyphyletic group of marine mammals, a few points of cranial and dental morphology...

molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that Tiaris was polyphyletic. In the resulting reorganization to create monophyletic genera, these...

small shore crabs. Recent genetic data suggest this genus to be possibly polyphyletic. It comprises the following species: Pachygrapsus corrugatus (von Martens...

The name carduelis is the Latin word for the European goldfinch. The polyphyletic nature of the genus was confirmed by Dario Zuccon and coworkers in a...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

Temnospondyli. The phylogeny supported by the 2008 analysis has been called the "polyphyletic hypothesis" and is one of three main hypotheses for lissamphibian origins...

phylogenetic analysis published in 2011 showed that the original genus was polyphyletic. BirdLife International (2016). "Stomiopera unicolor". IUCN Red List...

Odontaspis do not actually form a monophyletic clade, making the family polyphyletic as previously defined. Due to these findings, Carcharias was split into...

Primulales Recent molecular systematic studies have shown that this group is polyphyletic. The APG II system does not use formal botanical names above the rank...

that family, along with Bombacaceae and Tiliaceae, has been found to be polyphyletic and is now sunk into a more broadly-defined Malvaceae Stevens, Peter...

Phycomycetes or algal fungi is an obsolete polyphyletic taxon for certain fungi with aseptate hyphae. It is used in the Engler system. Asexual reproduction...

phylogenetic analysis published in 2011 showed that the original genus was polyphyletic. The genus contains three species: The name Caligavis was first proposed...

are a few dozen species described ambrosia fungi, currently placed in polyphyletic genera Ambrosiella, Rafaellea and Dryadomyces (all from Ophiostomatales...

diverse (because, as we now know, the group as formerly defined was polyphyletic). Combined with the yuhinas (and possibly other Timaliidae), the limits...

(particularly Boletus, Leccinum and Xerocomus), have revealed to be highly polyphyletic, and the original number of genera within the family had been underestimated...

DNA sequence data has shown that the yellow species of Rhizocarpon are polyphyletic (not descendant from a single ancestor) and that several characters traditionally...

a genus no longer recognized since genetic studies showed it to be polyphyletic. Its closest relatives are the frosted hairy dwarf porcupine (Coendou...

that is not well defined. This type of group can be paraphyletic or polyphyletic but is kept for ease, pending new systems of classification. Examples...

Parasitic worms, also known as helminths, are a polyphyletic group of large macroparasites; adults can generally be seen with the naked eye. Many are intestinal...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

stem-relatives). However, recent studies have shown that Creodonta is an invalid polyphyletic taxon. Members of this group are now part of clade Pan-Carnivora and...

phylogenies have shown the traditional broad circumscription to be grossly polyphyletic. Many genera have recently been transferred to other families within...

the Nearctic, and North Africa. Niptus as it is currently described is polyphyletic and researchers have suggested splitting it into two or more genera....

Molecular signatures in the form of CSIs have also been used to help resolve polyphyletic distribution of three main genera within the family Pasteurellaceae:...

molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2011 showed that the genus was polyphyletic. Former members were moved to the six new genera: Nesoptilotis, Bolemoreus...

a genus no longer recognized since genetic studies showed it to be polyphyletic. Its closest relatives are the frosted hairy dwarf porcupine (Coendou...

of parasitoids and a few hyperparasitoids. The family is apparently polyphyletic, though the different subfamilies may each be monophyletic, and some...

G. E.; Fuerst, J. A.; Staley, J. T. (2010). "Reclassification of the polyphyletic genus Prosthecomicrobium to form two novel genera, Vasilyevaea gen. Nov...

Penelopides form another clade. However, according to this study, Aceros is polyphyletic; the rufous-headed hornbill, writhed hornbill, and wrinkled hornbill...

phylogenetics suggests that the family as currently circumscribed is polyphyletic, and may lead to the resurrection of a family Acanthephyridae for all...

2009. Retrieved 1 June 2009. Correa, Cristian; Moran, Paul (2017). "Polyphyletic ancestry of expanding Patagonian Chinook salmon populations". Scientific...

phylogenetic trees, the first two groups show up as paraphyletic or polyphyletic, as do their main genera, Clostridium and Bacillus. However, Bacillota...

analyses using cladistics have rendered Brycon to be paraphyletic or even polyphyletic, and have recommended taxonomic review of the genus. The clades within...

phylogenetic studies showed that the genus, as traditionally defined, was polyphyletic. The blue-crowned parakeet is a medium-sized bird measuring approximately...

the last ten years. Some demosponge subclasses and orders are actually polyphyletic or should be included in other orders, so that Morrow and Cárdenas (2015)...

morphologically similar species of brockets (Mazama) and suggests a polyphyletic origin. In particular, M. americana showed a striking kinship with Odocoileus...

molecular phylogenetic study published in 2008 found that the genus was polyphyletic. In the reoganization to create monotypic genera, the brahminy starling...

distribution of nematophagy support a monophyletic Pleurotaceae within the polyphyletic pleurotoid-lentinoid fungi". Mycologia. 92 (2): 241–52. doi:10.1080/00275514...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

Cyamiidae, Gaimardiidae, and Sportellidae. The group is suspected to be polyphyletic. WoRMS. "Cyamioidea G. O. Sars, 1878". World Register of Marine Species...

molecular phylogeny work, it is now believed that Hamamelididae is a polyphyletic group. This suggests that the catkin flower arrangement has arisen at...

recently removed from the genus. This taxon as formerly defined was "polyphyletic, representing at least five independent clades". Tortoises removed include...

Both the 2020 study and a 2015 molecular study found that A. nidus is polyphyletic, meaning that some populations were not closely related to others—A. nidus...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

in southeastern Africa. Until recently, the genus was placed in the polyphyletic family Flacourtiaceae, but it was abnormal there due to its apical placentation...

Passeroidea, these birds are not part of a natural group but rather a polyphyletic assemblage of distantly related songbirds. Some are cardueline finches...

Modern genetic evidence has however shown that this arrangement was polyphyletic, with in particular, many species traditionally placed in the plover...

molecular phylogenetic study of DNA sequences found the genus Canthium to be polyphyletic. The authors of this study transferred 20 species, including Canthium...

speciose genus of moray eels. Gymnothorax as currently recognized is polyphyletic, and comparative studies are needed before action is taken to resurrect...

of the sections were polyphyletic. The diagram below gives a more accurate representation of the correct cladogram. Polyphyletic sections are marked with...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the genus as currently circumscribed is polyphyletic. Boudier JLÉ. (1885). "Nouvelle classification naturelle des Discomycètes...

a genus no longer recognized since genetic studies showed it to be polyphyletic. The species lives in lowland tropical rainforest and cloud forest at...

redefining Amphipyrinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Noctuidae): a massively polyphyletic taxon". Systematic Entomology. 44 (2): 451–464. Bibcode:2019SysEn..44...

("monstrous teeth") is a family of extinct predatory mammals within the polyphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil...

group of "monoplacophora", representing either a sister taxon to, or a polyphyletic assemblage including, the Trybliida. Carcassonnellidae Cyrtolitidae Cyrtonelloidea...

a genus no longer recognized since genetic studies showed it to be polyphyletic. Its closest relatives are the Andean porcupine (Coendou quichua) and...

tears—along with Coix in —was formerly placed in the Maydeae, now known to be polyphyletic. It has cylindrical, longer than broad involucres. It is widely used...

endemic to Santa Catarina in southeastern Brazil. In the huge and probably polyphyletic genus Iphiclus, this species is placed in subgenus Neobarytopus. For...

/əˈkeɪsiə/), known commonly as mimosa, acacia, thorntree or wattle, is a polyphyletic genus of shrubs and trees belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae of the...

Later, Laurin (1993 and 1994) considered Haptodontinae to represent a polyphyletic grade of basal sphenacodonts, and revalidated Cutleria, Palaeohatteria...

However, the traditional concept of Gruiformes has since been shown to be polyphyletic. Beginning in the late 1980s and the first phylogenetic analysis of gastornithid...

"Towards a monophyletic Licania: a new generic classification of the polyphyletic Neotropical genus Licania (Chrysobalanaceae)". Kew Bulletin. 71 (58)...

Aphanothece is a polyphyletic genus with 63 accepted species. The name is derived from the Greek words, ‘aphanes’ and ‘theke’ which mean “invisible" and...

Pyricularia Sacc. 1880 Type species: Pyricularia grisea Sacc. 1880 The polyphyletic nature of Pyricularia has been resolved in 2014 leading to the definition...

Physarum pusillum is a species of myxomycete (true slime mould) in the polyphyletic genus Physarum. Physarum pusillum was first described by Miles Berkeley...

T. spekei, T. scriptus, T. sylvaticus (Imbabala - separated from a polyphyletic T. scriptus) and T. eurycerus. In terms of divergence time estimates...

of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. It was therefore split into two monophyletic genera. Eight species,...

genus Collybia as defined at that time was unsatisfactory due to being polyphyletic and they proposed a fundamental rearrangement. After being placed in...

Exobasidiomycetes Agaricomycotina Dacrymycetales Agaricomycetes Wallemiomycetes Bartheletiomycetes Tremellomycetes See also: fungi imperfecti (polyphyletic group)....

core clade of Clitocybe. However, all three genera were found to be polyphyletic, with several members located in lineages distinct from other members...

classification. Further DNA evidence suggests that the genus Hypsizygus is polyphyletic, however, meaning that these species lack a common ancestor in the current...

Hadrodelphis is an extinct genus of dolphin once assigned to the paraphyletic/polyphyletic family Kentriodontidae. Remains have been found in the middle Miocene...

contact. The type genus Globaura was originally classified within the now-polyphyletic group Lacertoidea, before being reclassified within its own family within...

phylogenetic analysis published in 2011 showed that the original genus was polyphyletic. The genus contains two species: The name Nesoptilotis was first proposed...

Antarctaspidae is a potentially polyphyletic extinct family of basal arthrodires known from China, Antarctica, and Australia. The family lasted from the...

amphibians, and indeed whether Amphibia is a monophyletic clade or a polyphyletic collection of diverse evolutionary lineages. The more limited debate...

molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that Amazilia was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the white-bellied...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

constraints, it was recovered within a polytomic Aphanosauria, within a polyphyletic Aphanosauria in a clade including Teleocrater and Spondylosoma, or as...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

Accipiter but molecular phylogenetic studies found that Accipiter was polyphyletic. In the rearrangement to create monophyletic genera these two species...

Demospongiae and Hexactinellida. Some scientists believe that Porifera is polyphyletic/paraphyletic, and that some sponges, the Calcarea, are a separate phylum...

Lophocetus. The phylogenetic analysis of Brujadelphis recovered Lophocetus as polyphyletic, with L. calvertensis and L. repenningi forming a clade with taxa assigned...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

the related genus Scenedesmus. However, Scenedesmus was found to be polyphyletic, and was split up into several genera (corresponding to the subgenera...

known by the common name: canyon liveforever. It is a loosely defined polyphyletic species with a diverse number of subspecies, varying highly in morphology...

phylogenetic analysis, published in 2011, showed that the original genus was polyphyletic. Ptilotula flavescens, Gregory River, Queensland BirdLife International...

All-Species Living Tree' Project the family Methanomicrobiaceae is highly polyphyletic within the Methanomicrobiales. The currently accepted taxonomy is based...

Protista, below). Molecular analysis of Zygomycota has found it to be polyphyletic (its members do not share an immediate ancestor), which is considered...

Accipitridae confirmed earlier work that had shown that the genus was polyphyletic. To resolve the non-monophyly, Accipiter was divided into six genera...

some of the traditional nongenomic trait classifications are based on polyphyletic assemblages. Passerea was not recovered in other studies. Cladogram of...

phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genus Amazilia was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the blue-tailed...

Families". Zomlefer, WB; WS Judd (2002). "Resurrection of Segregates of the Polyphyletic Genus Zigadenus s.l. (Liliales: Melanthiaceae) and Resulting New Combinations"...

DNA sequences, has shown that Tremella (as previously understood) is polyphyletic (and hence artificial), with most species not closely related to the...

330 species. Phylogenetical research revealed that the subfamily is polyphyletic and its traditional classification (tribe Amarantheae Rchb. with two...

With the start of genetic analysis, Sorbus was however found to be polyphyletic in 1991 and split into several genera; Sorbus chamaemespilus was then...

Protosteloid development in Protostelium mycophaga Scientific classification (polyphyletic) Phylum: Amoebozoa Class: Mycetozoa Subclass: Protostelia Olive 1970...

The placenta exists in most mammals and some reptiles. It is likely polyphyletic, having arisen separately in evolution rather than being inherited from...

mollissimum. A study published in 2021 found the genus Dysoxylum to be polyphyletic, and the species was placed in the revived genus Didymocheton as D. mollisimus...

Malvaceae sensu lato. Cladistically, the traditional family Tiliaceae is polyphyletic. In the de Candolle system the circumscription of the family was: family...

recent molecular research indicates that the family Scrophulariaceae was polyphyletic, meaning that it contained more than one lineage with different parents...

poorly developed, molars). Subsequently, Edentata was found to be a polyphyletic grouping whose New World and Old World taxa are unrelated, and it was...

Exobasidiomycetes Agaricomycotina Dacrymycetales Agaricomycetes Wallemiomycetes Bartheletiomycetes Tremellomycetes See also: fungi imperfecti (polyphyletic group)....

similar to, the modern priapulids. It is unclear whether it is mono- or polyphyletic. Despite a remarkable morphological similarity to their modern cousins...

cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has, however, shown that Syzygospora is polyphyletic (and hence artificial) and has accepted Carcinomyces as a separate, monophyletic...

that family, along with Bombacaceae and Tiliaceae, has been found to be polyphyletic and is now sunk into a more broadly-defined Malvaceae Stevens, Peter...

that has long been considered a synonym of Schefflera, which has been a polyphyletic group. Species include: Plerandra actinostigma (A.C. Sm. & B.C. Stone)...

corresponds to Mukarovsky's "Western Nigritic" phylum. Atlantic The polyphyletic Atlantic group accounts for about 35 million speakers as of 2016, mostly...

phylogenetic analysis published in 2011 showed that Lichenostomus was polyphyletic. BirdLife International (2018). "Caligavis subfrenata". IUCN Red List...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split and a number of species including the...

and the similar "inozoans" were historically grouped together in the polyphyletic order Pharetronida. In general form, sphaerocoeliids are cylindrical...

misidentified as an archaic link between modern ruminants and the now obsolete, polyphyletic "pachyderms" (elephants, rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses and tapirs). The...

Milvago and Phalcoboenus. Molecular genetic studies found that Milvago was polyphyletic with the chimango caracara (Milvago chimango) sister to the genus Phalcoboenus...

yellow flowers, and an affinity for rocky habitats. The subspecies may be polyphyletic. Dudleya abramsii is a fleshy perennial forming a small basal cluster...

periodical cicada four-year acceleration hypothesis revisited and the polyphyletic nature of Brood V, including an updated crowd-source enhanced map (Hemiptera:...

†Tanycolagreus †Vayuraptor †Xinjiangovenator †Compsognathidae (possibly polyphyletic) †Megaraptora †Ornithomimosauria †Tyrannosauroidea Maniraptora Possible...

traditionally classified in the genus Paleorhinus, now thought to be polyphyletic. Parasuchus and related basal species were widely distributed, meaning...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

dead and dying trees and coarse woody debris. The pleurotoid form is polyphyletic, having evolved a number of times within the Basidiomycota. Many species...

chalcid wasps, previously classified as subfamily Cerocephalinae, in the polyphyletic family Pteromalidae. Most species are parasitoids of small wood-boring...

plant groups to evolve, but the usage is imprecise since both groups are polyphyletic and may be used to include vascular cryptogams, such as the ferns and...

the 1960s and chiefly led by William A. Newton found the group to be polyphyletic. Like all barnacles, stalked species begin life with two distinct planktonic...

species, but molecular phylogenetic studies revealed that it represented a polyphyletic assemblage of at least four independent clades now recognized at generic...

Dijkstra and colleagues demonstrated that the traditional family was polyphyletic. As a result, the New World protoneurids were transferred to Coenagrionidae...

family Enterobacteriaceae and support the reclassification of several polyphyletic members of the family". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 54: 108–127...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

considered to be a formal class, the diploporitans likely represent a polyphyletic group. The evidence for this claim lies within the highly morphologically...

Psilotaceae; and the horsetails of Equisetaceae. Since this grouping is polyphyletic, the term fern allies should be abandoned, except in a historical context...

taxonomies, even when the named taxa are known to be paraphyletic and/or polyphyletic[citation needed]. Three taxonomies introduced nearly all of the traditional...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

been found in Germany, Lebanon and the United States. The family may be polyphyletic. Dames, W. (1886-01-01). "Ueber einige Crustaceen aus den Kreideablagerungen...

phylogenetic analysis published in 2011 showed that the original genus was polyphyletic. BirdLife International (2018). "Caligavis obscura". IUCN Red List of...

Before the era of widespread DNA sequencing, the grouping was used as a polyphyletic taxon for a variety of small to very small, relatively unspecialised...

Siberia. However, molecular studies suggest that Dugesia japonica is polyphyletic and different populations across its area of occurrence constitute distinct...

free dictionary. Wattle or wattles may refer to: Acacia sensu lato, polyphyletic genus of plants Acacia, commonly known as wattle, especially in Australian...

family Enterobacteriaceae and support the reclassification of several polyphyletic members of the family". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 54: 108–127...

that family, along with Bombacaceae and Tiliaceae, has been found to be polyphyletic and is now sunk into a more broadly-defined Malvaceae Eddowes, P.J. (1998)...

developed large size independently and, as a result, giant tortoises are polyphyletic. For example, the Aldabra Atoll (Aldabrachelys) giant tortoises are related...

This also means the broader definition of the genus Cheilodactylus is polyphyletic. All other species traditionally placed within the genus "Cheilodactylus"...

different groups. Thus the thelodonts are generally thought to represent a polyphyletic group, although there is no firm agreement on this point; if they are...

have shown that inclusion of Triantha etc. in these families makes them polyphyletic. Some authors have included Triantha within the genus Tofieldia. Triantha...

association remains uncertain. The ability to associate with Frankia is a polyphyletic character and has probably evolved independently in different clades...

the genus Myrrhinium than it is to "A. sellowiana", thus leaving Acca polyphyletic with respect to Myrrhinium if "A. sellowiana" is included. Feijoa sellowiana...

Boletales, and Russulales. The erstwhile class, now understood to be a polyphyletic assemblage of basidiomycetes, refers to fungi with fruit bodies whose...

traditional genus Chlamydomonas as defined using morphological data, was polyphyletic within Volvocales. Many species were subsequently reclassified (e.g....

of the subfamily Lamioideae. Leonotis might be paraphyletic or even polyphyletic because Leonotis leonurus is not closely related to the other species...

Exobasidiomycetes Agaricomycotina Dacrymycetales Agaricomycetes Wallemiomycetes Bartheletiomycetes Tremellomycetes See also: fungi imperfecti (polyphyletic group)....

with some other species, such as S. granulatus, which were shown to be polyphyletic. Chemical analysis of pigments and chromogens showed that Suillus was...

Dysoxylum. A genetic study published in 2021 found that Dysoxylum is polyphyletic, and Epicharis was revived and re-circumscribed. The genus is named for...

by some sources. The status of the genus is unclear; it appears to be polyphyletic, with some species falling into the order Peranemida and others in Anisonemida...

systematics, "Cryptogamae" is not a taxonomically coherent group, but is polyphyletic. However, the names of all cryptogams are regulated by the International...

limacology is referred to as a limacologist. However, slugs are an extremely polyphyletic group, thus "limacology" is not a taxonomically accurate term, and it...

using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split and a number of species including the...

phylogenetic analysis, published in 2011, showed that the original genus was polyphyletic. The varied honeyeater has two accepted subspecies which are distributed...

Characidae, which then included only Neotropical taxa, sensu lato was polyphyletic and the families Spintherobolidae, Stevardiidae, Characidae and Acestrorhamphidae...

families belonging to the Phylloceratina, or both (which would make them polyphyletic). They in turn gave rise to the main body of Jurassic Ammonitina and...

29 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine George van Driem The genesis of polyphyletic linguistics Archived 26 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Szemerényi 1996...

colonised humans as hosts on three occasions. The genus Cimex is seen to be polyphyletic. An independent molecular analysis came to a similar conclusion, that...

groups, and give rise to so-called wastebasket taxa which may even be polyphyletic. The traditional Linnaean way of defining taxa is through the use of...

therefore a mixotrophic algae. Some authors treat the prasinophytes as a polyphyletic grouping of green algae from different clades. As the Tetraphytina emerged...

medicinal properties of certain species. This large genus was known to be polyphyletic, with many species having been separated and reassigned to other genera...

morphological criterion, namely leaf shape. Stenomesseae was recognised as polyphyletic with two distinct types based on leaf shape (lorate-leafed and petiolate-leafed)...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

groups representing more than one branch from the tree of life are called polyphyletic. Monophyletic groups are recognized and diagnosed on the basis of synapomorphies...

opening (above the postorbital and squamosal bones). Euryapsids are a polyphyletic group, as reptiles with euryapsid skulls lack a shared common ancestor...

has shown that the genus Leontodon in the traditional delimitation is polyphyletic. Therefore, the former Leontodon subgenus Oporinia was raised to generic...

study of the bulbul family published in 2007 found that Andropadus was polyphyletic. In the revision to the generic classification five species were moved...

rendered the suborder Sciuravida as defined by McKenna & Bell 1997 to be polyphyletic and invalid. The symbol "†" is used to indicate extinct groups. Suborder...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

genus Accipiter. Molecular phylogenetic studies found that Accipiter was polyphyletic and in the subsequent rearrangement to create monophyletic genera, the...

Gomphotheriidae proper, some authors have argued that Amebelodontidae may be polyphyletic, with it being suggested that the shovel-tusked condition arose several...

World flycatcher family Muscicapidae found that the genus Cercomela was polyphyletic with five species, including the type species C. melanura, phylogenetically...

environments; the traditional definition of the group would thus be polyphyletic. Sibley and Ahlquist's landmark DNA–DNA hybridisation studies (now known...

phylogenetic studies in 2010 and 2012 found that the genus Cercomela was polyphyletic, with five species, including the brown rock chat, nested within the...

morphology by Lovejoy (2007), with Strongylura being represented as polyphyletic with respects to other belonids: Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. &...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

identified monophyletic versus polyphyletic genera. For instance, Bacidia in its broad traditional sense was polyphyletic, as was Toninia and a few others...

molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that Tiaris was polyphyletic. In the resulting reorganization, the Cuban grassquit was moved to the...

analyses built upon LSU and SSU partial sequences to accommodate the polyphyletic genera Lulworthia and Lindra. Members of this family (and order) are...

the remaining molluscan classes; the traditional phylum Mollusca is polyphyletic, and it can only be made monophyletic if scaphopods and bivalves are...

in 2019 have indicated that the genus Ploceus as currently defined is polyphyletic. A cladogram based on these results is shown below. The family includes...

outside the genera of Proterotheriinae per Soria, making Anisolambdinae a polyphyletic group of unrelated organisms. Proterotheriidae was redefined by McGrath...

genus Sorbus s.l. This treatment of Sorbus was however was found to be polyphyletic, comprising two monophyletic clades that were not particularly closely...

ornithomimosaurs, and maniraptorans. The original Carnosauria was a polyphyletic group including any large carnivorous theropod. Many of Gauthier's carnosaurs...

Amentiferae. Based on molecular phylogeny works, Hamamelididae appears to be a polyphyletic group. A well-known system that used the name Hamamelididae is the Cronquist...

about these genera. But one thing we do know is that Tympanuchus are polyphyletic. They have a strong sexual selection (Galla, 2013). They are commonly...

of assassin flies proposed in 1973. The proposed taxon is, however, polyphyletic and is no longer recognized as a subfamily. Most 'Apocleinae' genera...

Woodwardioideae, Stenochlaenoideae and Blechnoideae. Their approach to the polyphyletic nature of Blechnum was to create a series of monophyletic segregate genera...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

sandpiper were subsequently added. A 2004 study found that the genus was polyphyletic and that the closest relative of the two knot species is the surfbird...

Based on recent DNA-analysis, the genus Ploceus is almost certainly polyphyletic. If all species currently included in the genus would remain and the...

using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. The genus was therefore split and a number of species including the...

to be monophyletic, while all other subgenera to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Molecular data have backed up classifications based on geography and...

(Pan-Amniota) see Reptiliomorpha includes Amniota Related topics Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Stem tetrapoda Osteolepiformes Osteolepididae Megalichthyiformes...

were placed in the genus Larus, but that arrangement is now considered polyphyletic, leading to the readoption and revision of several genera. An older name...

which was sister to either of the others. Thus Tabebuia was shown to be polyphyletic. One of these clades consisted of the two species that constitute the...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

Lyromonadida Psalteriomonadidae Harpagon Psalteriomonas Monopylocystis Pseudoharpagon Sawyeria Lyromonas *paraphyletic or polyphyletic groups ?uncertain position...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

manginii and K. porphyrocalyx. However, the broadly defined Bryophyllum is polyphyletic. Bernard Descoings redefined Bryophyllum as 26 species, and molecular...

Discosea and Cutosea. Gymnamoebia Haeckel 1862: lobose naked amoebae. This polyphyletic group included the classic amorphous amoebae with big, blunt pseudopodia...

a genus no longer recognised since genetic studies showed it to be polyphyletic. The population formerly recognised as the orange-spined hairy dwarf...

with a conserved type. What remains under Isaria as of 2016 remains polyphyletic and can be divided into three main clades. Anamorphic genera closely...

rejected. Conversely, some analysis have instead recovered them as a polyphyletic group, with Bathornis and kin being sister taxa to phorusrhacids while...

or pseudocereal grain, is the edible seed of a pseudocereal, one of a polyphyletic group of plants that produce seeds that resemble those of cereals. Pseudocereals...

†Mitredon †Panchetocynodon †Redondagnathus †Saurodesmus? Paraphyletic / Polyphyletic groups Dromatheriidae Morganucodonta Symmetrodonta Triconodonta Category...

of which about 38 occur in the Cape fynbos. Tetraria, currently, is polyphyletic and in need of taxonomic revision. This is a pioneer plant which recovers...

single-chambered, agglutinated tests. Recent work has shown that this grouping is polyphyletic, as agglutinated tests have evolved from proteinaceous tests multiple...

Microcystis aeruginosa. Molecular data indicate that Chroococcales may be polyphyletic, meaning its members may not all belong to the same clade or have the...

in the genus Trogoderma. Recent research indicates that Trogoderma is polyphyletic, comprising two distinct, unrelated lineages. One lineage corresponds...

The witchetty grub (also spelled witchety grub or witjuti grub) is a term used in Australia for the large, white, wood-eating larvae of several moths....

Phylogenetic studies suggested that the genus as formerly circumscribed was polyphyletic, and several species formerly placed here have now been placed in other...

Molecular genetic studies, however, have shown the ungulates to be polyphyletic, meaning that in some cases the similarities are the result of convergent...

after a 2010 molecular phylogenetic study found that Rhinomyias was polyphyletic. Because of the very limited habitat, logging of the forests and expanding...

Palaeonemertea is a class of primitive nemertean worm. It may be para- or polyphyletic, consisting of three to five clades and totalling about 100 species....

They were the first plant fossils to be described as pteridosperms (a polyphyletic group sometimes referred to as "seed ferns") and, thus, the group on...

by which time numerous DNA studies had revealed that the genus was polyphyletic. In order to conserve the evolutionary link between the species and their...

Crypsicoela Dasmeuda Decetiodes Dicroplema Dysaethria Dysrhombia Epiplema (polyphyletic) Erosia Europlema Eversmannia Falcinodes Gathynia Gymnoplocia Heteroplema...

relatively amphibious between land and salt water. Land snails are a polyphyletic group comprising at least ten independent evolutionary transitions to...

morphological and phylogenomic studies have shown that Eurytoma is a polyphyletic lineage, and extensive taxonomic rearrangements are needed in order to...