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Look up planetary in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Planetary means relating to a planet or planets. It can also refer to: Planetary habitability, the...

A planetary nebula is a type of emission nebula consisting of an expanding, glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from red giant stars late in their lives...

Planetary habitability is a measure used in astrobiology to characterize a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain an environment...

An epicyclic gear train (also known as a planetary gearset) is a gear reduction assembly consisting of two gears mounted so that the center of one gear...

Planetary science (or more rarely, planetology) is the scientific study of celestial bodies (such as planets (including Earth), moons, asteroids, comets)...

A planetary system consists of a set of non-stellar bodies which are gravitationally bound to and in orbit of a star or star system. Generally speaking...

A planetary surface is where the solid or liquid material of certain types of astronomical objects contacts the atmosphere or outer space. Planetary surfaces...

Planetary romance (other synonyms are sword and planet, and planetary adventure) is a subgenre of science fiction or science fantasy in which the bulk...

Planetary consciousness is the idea that human beings are members of a planetary society of Earth as much as they are members of their nations, provinces...

existed for at least 300 years. However, the weather is not limited to planetary bodies. A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what...

A planetary core consists of the innermost layers of a planet. Cores may be entirely liquid, or a mixture of solid and liquid layers as is the case in...

Planetary engineering is the development and application of technology for the purpose of influencing the environment of a planet. Planetary engineering...

Planetary symbols are used in astrology and traditionally in astronomy to represent a classical planet (which includes the Sun and the Moon) or one of...

Planetary geology, alternatively known as astrogeology or exogeology, is a planetary science discipline concerned with the geology of celestial bodies...

In astronomy, a planetary parade, also known as a planetary alignment or planetary procession, occurs when multiple planets in the Solar System are visible...

Planetary protection is a guiding principle in the design of an interplanetary mission, aiming to prevent biological contamination of both the target...

In planetary science, planetary differentiation is the process by which the chemical elements of a planetary body accumulate in different areas of that...

planets, of which Earth is one. The Solar System is an isolated single-star planetary system (not part of a larger star system) within the Milky Way Galaxy...

likeliest dwarf planets and dates of discovery A dwarf planet is a small planetary-mass object that is in direct orbit around the Sun, massive enough to...

The planetary hours are an ancient system in which one of the seven classical planets is given rulership over each day and various parts of the day. Developed...

Planetary nomenclature, like terrestrial nomenclature, is a system of uniquely identifying features on the surface of a planet or natural satellite so...

A planetary-mass object (PMO), planemo, or planetary body (sometimes referred to as a world) is, by geophysical definition of celestial objects, any celestial...

Planetary Annihilation is a real-time strategy PC game originally developed by Uber Entertainment, whose staff included several video game industry veterans...

1917. As of 4 June 2026, there are 6,298 confirmed exoplanets in 4,709 planetary systems, with 1,054 systems having more than one planet. There are many...

Planetary alignment can mean: a syzygy (astronomy), in which celestial bodies line up in 3D space a planetary parade, in which planets appear to line...

A planetary-mass moon is a planetary-mass object that is a natural satellite of another non-stellar celestial object. Because of their mass, these moons...

A planetary civilization or global civilization is a civilization of Type I on the Kardashev scale. This type of civilization is likely to be reliant...

In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion give good approximations for the orbits of planets around the Sun. They were published by Johannes Kepler...

Planetary boundaries are a framework to describe limits to the impacts of human activities on the Earth system. Beyond these limits, the environment may...

Planetary is an American comic book series created by writer Warren Ellis and artist John Cassaday, and published by the Wildstorm imprint of DC Comics...

In Traditional Western Occultism, Planetary intelligences are one of the seven divine beings associated with each of the seven traditional planets of...

The Division for Planetary Sciences (DPS) is a division within the American Astronomical Society (AAS) devoted to Solar System research. It was founded...

can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science. Geography has been called "a bridge between natural science and...

A planetary coordinate system (also referred to as planetographic, planetodetic, or planetocentric) is a generalization of the geographic, geodetic, and...

"Planetary (Go!)" (stylized as "Planetary (GO!)") is a song by the American rock band My Chemical Romance from their fourth studio album, Danger Days:...

primary function of the laboratory is the construction and operation of planetary robotic spacecraft, though it also conducts Earth-orbit and astronomy...

Triple planetary crisis is a term and framework adopted by the United Nations system to describe the three intersecting global environmental crises of...

Planetary Resources, Inc., formerly known as Arkyd Astronautics, was an American company that was formed on 1 January 2009, and reorganized and renamed...

A planetary phase is a certain portion of a planet's area that reflects sunlight as viewed from a given vantage point, as well as the period of time during...

Planetary Health is a multi- and transdisciplinary research paradigm, a science for exceptional action, and a global movement. Planetary health refers...

larger than the planet Mercury. Jupiter is surrounded by a faint system of planetary rings. The rings of Jupiter consist mainly of dust and have three main...

The planetary phase of civilization is a term created by the Global Scenario Group (GSG) to describe the contemporary era in which increasing global interdependence...

free-floating planet (FFP) or an isolated planetary-mass object (iPMO), is an interstellar object of planetary mass which is not gravitationally bound to...

Planetary oceanography, also called astro-oceanography or exo-oceanography, is the study of oceans on planets and moons other than Earth. This field developed...

A planetary mnemonic refers to a phrase created to remember the planets and belts of smaller bodies of the Solar System, with the order of words corresponding...

Kuiper belt. It was immediately hailed as the ninth planet. However, its planetary status was questioned when it was found to be much smaller than expected...

The Planetary Society is an American internationally-active non-governmental nonprofit organization. It is involved in research, public outreach, and...

In astronomy, planetary mass is a measure of the mass of a planet-like astronomical object. Within the Solar System, planets are usually measured in the...

for "mountain") is a mountain on a celestial body. The term is used in planetary nomenclature: it is a part of the international names of such features...

A planetary scanner (also called an orbital scanner) is a type of image scanner for making scans of rare books and other easily damaged documents. In...

stars. The remaining material is then thought to form planets and other planetary system objects. Most nebulae are of vast size; some are hundreds of light-years...

Insights" (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2008-12-16. "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters"...

The Simpson planetary gearset is a compound planetary gear train consisting of two planetary gearsets sharing a common sun gear. A Simpson gearset delivers...

primarily of refractory materials with few volatiles. Further from the star, planetary embryos are created from accumulation of volatiles up to around ten times...

gravity to re-fuse with Earth, with less remaining metallic iron than other planetary bodies. The Moon is depleted in volatile substances compared to Earth...

category; Ceres, Pluto, and Eris are in the category of dwarf planet. Many planetary scientists have nonetheless continued to apply the term planet more broadly...

Planetary migration occurs when a planet or other body in orbit around a star interacts with a disk of gas or planetesimals, resulting in the alteration...

In astronomy and planetary science, a magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding an astronomical object, such as a planet or other object, in which...

current in the metallic hydrogen layer is thought to give rise to Saturn's planetary magnetic field, which is weaker than Earth's, but has a magnetic moment...

In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere...

exoplanets. As of 4 June 2026, there are 6,298 confirmed exoplanets in 4,709 planetary systems, with 1,054 systems having more than one planet. Most of these...

"hill") is a small hill or knob on a celestial body. The term is used in planetary nomenclature: it is a part of international proper names of such features...

generically for natural satellites. In the Solar System, there are six planetary satellite systems, altogether comprising 455 natural satellites with confirmed...

Planetary nebulae are a type of emission nebula created from the ejected gas of dying red giant stars. The following is an incomplete list of known planetary...

The mission comprises two satellites launched together: the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and Mio (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, MMO). The mission...

The planetary equilibrium temperature is a theoretical temperature that a planet would be if it were in radiative equilibrium, typically under the assumption...

orbited at a focal point of the ellipse, as described by Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Planets revolve around a star, a natural satellite around a planet...

Planetary chauvinism is the belief that human society will always be planet-based (even if extended beyond Earth), and overlooks or ignores the potential...

(born August 8, 1978),[citation needed] better known by his stage name Planetary, is an American underground rapper from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He...

refers to a shallow bowl used in antique cultures. This term is used in planetary nomenclature: it is a part of the international names of such features...

Planetary cartography, or cartography of extraterrestrial objects (CEO), is the cartography of solid objects outside of the Earth. Planetary maps can show...

In planetary geology, a corona /kəˈroʊnə/ (plural: coronae /kəˈroʊniː/) is an oval-shaped feature. Coronae appear on both the planet Venus and Uranus's...

planetary radar at the Center for Deep Space Communications, Yevpatoria, Crimea. In scientific literature, it is often called the Evpatoria Planetary...

The Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL) is a research center for planetary science located in Tucson, Arizona. It is also a graduate school, constituting...

Mount Everest above sea level. It is Mars's tallest volcano, its tallest planetary mountain, and is approximately tied with Rheasilvia on Vesta as the tallest...

Comparative planetary science or comparative planetology is a branch of space science and planetary science in which different natural processes and systems...

ratio differences, it may use a scaled-down approximation. Mechanical planetary models are known to have existed since the Ancient Greeks, and are known...

of planetary formation refers to the final stage of planetary formation, dominated by energetic collisions primarily driven by gravity. Planetary formation...

Planetary Invasion is the fifth album released by R&B group Midnight Star. Released in 1984 and produced by group member Reggie Calloway, this album peaked...

referred to as planetary-mass objects due to the ambiguity of whether they should be regarded as rogue planets or brown dwarfs. There are planetary-mass objects...

phosphorus, and others). Planetary management also includes managing humanity's influence on planetary-scale processes. Effective planetary management aims to...

thought to have formed in 5 stages: dust settling, planetesimal formation, planetary embryos, giant impacts, and finally formation of atmospheres. Limited...

Planetary Duality is the second studio album by American death metal band The Faceless. It was released on November 11, 2008 through Sumerian Records...

Planetary Confinement is the third album by the UK band Antimatter, released in 2005. English Sessions The Weight of the World Epitaph A Portrait of the...

The Planetary Data System (PDS) is a distributed data system that NASA uses to archive data collected by Solar System missions. The PDS is an active archive...

Earth and Planetary Science Letters (EPSL) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on physical, chemical and mechanical processes...

Planetary is an American comic book limited series created by writer Warren Ellis and artist John Cassaday published by the Wildstorm imprint of DC Comics...

to maintain the safety and health of the space environment, as well as planetary environments. Similar to sustainability initiatives on Earth, space sustainability...

The Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) is a planetary defense organization established in January 2016 within NASA's Planetary Science Division...

the 16th century. Alchemists would typically call the metals by their planetary names, e.g. "Saturn" for lead, "Mars" for iron; compounds of tin, iron...

and Brahmagupta. Āryabhaṭa notably improved methods for calculating planetary motions and eclipses. In the later medieval period, the Kerala school...

The International Planetary Data Alliance (IPDA), founded in 2006, is a closely cooperating partnership to maintain the quality and performance of data...

gave one of the first scientific propositions of terraforming with the planetary engineering of Venus in 1961. Even if the environment of a planet could...

The Planetary Habitability Laboratory (PHL) is a research remote laboratory intended to study the habitability of the Solar System and other stellar systems...

its orbital period (lunar month). In geophysical terms, the Moon is a planetary-mass object or satellite planet. Its mass is 1.2% that of the Earth, and...

and Planetary gearsets) for longitudinal engine applications, designed and built by ZF's subsidiary in Saarbrücken. It uses the Lepelletier planetary gearset...

This is a list of countries by planetary pressures–adjusted human development index (PHDI), as published by the UNDP in its 2020 Human Development Report...

The Planetary Collegium (a.k.a. CAiiA / Centre for Advanced Inquiry in Integrative Arts) is an international transcultural and transdisciplinary new media...

the hypothesis, all lifeforms are considered part of one single living planetary being called Gaia. In this view, the atmosphere, the seas and the terrestrial...

There are a number of planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience whose existence is not supported by scientific evidence...

of Planetary Nomenclature. U.S. Geological Survey. 17 December 2008. Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2012. "Planetary linguistics"...

combine to produce Moon-size planetary embryos (protoplanets) over roughly 0.1–1 million years. Finally, the planetary embryos collide to form planets...

galaxy. Observations by the Hubble Space Telescope have shown proplyds and planetary disks to be forming within the Orion Nebula. Protoplanetary disks are...

theoretical astronomer Johannes Kepler believed that the ratios between planetary orbits would conform to "God's design" only with the addition of two planets:...

Planetary and Space Science (P&SS), published 15 times per year, is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1959. It publishes original research...

the ecliptic in our sky. Therefore, although an apparent planetary alignment known as a planetary parade may appear as a line (actually, a great arc), the...

The Planetary Democrats (German: Die Planetaren Demokrat_innen), is a political association in Germany. Its primary focus is the implementation of institutional...

it is the most massive, 81 times that of Earth's Moon, and among all planetary-mass objects of the Solar System it is the object with the highest density...

lifeforms is then transported by meteors between bodies in a planetary system, or even across planetary systems within a galaxy. In this way, panspermia studies...

A roller screw, also known as a planetary roller screw or satellite roller screw, is a low-friction precision screw-type actuator, a mechanical device...

known as Lepelletier planetary gearset or Lepelletier gear mechanisms. The Lepelletier gearbox is constructed by connecting a planetary gear to a Ravigneaux...

interest to astronomers are eclipses, apparent retrograde motion/planetary stations, planetary ingresses, sidereal time, positions for the mean and true nodes...

The MAss Spectrometer for Planetary EXploration (MASPEX) is a time-of-flight mass spectrometer capable of high-resolution and high-sensitivity that allows...

Planetary habitability in the Solar System is the study that searches the possible existence of past or present extraterrestrial life in those celestial...

patent application on July 28, 1949, in Neuilly-sur-Seine France. This planetary gearset, commonly used in automatic transmissions, is constructed from...

rarity from the Solar System. Earth is a planet in the Solar System, a planetary system formed by a star at the center, the Sun, and the objects that orbit...

observed the planet Mercury transiting the Sun, marking the first time a planetary transit has been observed from a celestial body besides Earth. In rare...

Meteoritics & Planetary Science is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Meteoritical Society. It specialises...

The Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC), jointly sponsored by the Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) and NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), brings...

Deadlock: Planetary Conquest is a turn-based strategy computer game by Accolade. The game was officially released in 1996. The story revolves around eight...

sometimes planetary rover) is a planetary surface exploration machine designed to move over the rough surface of a planet or other planetary-mass celestial...

Planetary Unfolding (1981) is an album of electronic ambient music by composer and keyboardist Michael Stearns. It is considered a classic of ambient...

The Planetary Science Institute (PSI) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit research institute based in Tucson, Arizona, focusing on planetary science. As of 2025[update]...

below. When scholars applied Ptolemy's epicycles, they presumed that each planetary sphere was exactly thick enough to accommodate them. By combining this...

sentient black holes. Carbon chauvinism Hypothetical types of biochemistry Planetary chauvinism Panspermia "All the foregoing appearances, when taken together...

The Planetary Science Decadal Survey is a serial publication of the United States National Research Council produced for NASA and other United States...

by telescopes, there is much desire to revisit the planet, as shown by Planetary Science Decadal Survey's decision to make the proposed Uranus Orbiter...

stars, planets or moons whose existence is not accepted by science, see: Planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience and...

The Planetary Observer program is a cancelled space exploration program designed by NASA to provide cheaper planetary orbiters by using Earth-orbiting...

Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence is a book by Australian academic Kate Crawford. It is based on Crawford's...

Planetary Unknown is an album by saxophonist David S. Ware which was recorded in 2010 and released on the AUM Fidelity label. In his review for AllMusic...

astronomer Ptolemy wrote about the possibility of planetary transits across the face of the Sun in his work Planetary Hypotheses. He suggested that no transits...

Planetary Adventures is an anthology of Sword and Planet short stories edited by D. M. Ritzlin, the first in a trio of adventure anthologies, each focusing...

stellar encounters. Such a scenario may mean that Proxima Centauri's planetary companions have had a much lower chance for orbital disruption by Alpha...

planets, moonlets, or stellar objects. Ring systems are best known as planetary rings, common components of satellite systems around giant planets such...

common ball mills, there is a second type of ball mill called a planetary ball mill. Planetary ball mills are smaller than common ball mills and mainly used...

of the planetary atmosphere and 99% of the total mass of water vapor and aerosols, and is where most weather phenomena occur. From the planetary surface...

The Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) is a scientific research institute dedicated to study of the Solar System, its formation, evolution, and current...

Planetary Pebbles is an extensive series of compilation albums that is a sub-series to the main Pebbles series, and was circulated through AIP Records...

A protoplanet or planetary embryo is an astronomical body originated within a protoplanetary disk that has undergone internal melting to produce a differentiated...

This is a List of mutual planetary eclipses, including occultations and transits. Although mutual occultations of planets had been recorded in 581, 1170...

by Massive Attack on their track "Unfinished Sympathy", which sampled "Planetary Citizen", resulting in the band's being sued by Ralphe Armstrong, who...

Huygens, Titan was the first known moon of Saturn and the sixth known planetary satellite (after Earth's moon and the four Galilean moons of Jupiter)...

The Planetary Missions Program Office is a division of NASA headquartered at the Marshall Space Flight Center, formed by the agency's Science Mission...

2012, Summer Solstice Day, Skolnick announced his world music album Planetary Coalition at the annual Make Music New York festival sponsored by Guitar...

In astronomy, planetary transits and occultations occur when a planet passes in front of another object, as seen by an observer. The occulted object may...

Rossby waves, also known as planetary waves, are a type of inertial wave naturally occurring in rotating fluids. They were first identified by Sweden-born...

molten iron in the planetary core generates electric currents which in turn give rise to magnetic fields. In simulations of planetary dynamos, reversals...

5194/amt-16-1527-2023. ISSN 1867-8548. "Earth-Moon Dynamics". Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI). Retrieved 2025-04-07. "The Sun and Transits as Seen From...

hypothesized Planet Nine in the Solar System. (Planetary migration is a competing explanation.) Planetary capture (possibly planet swapping with neighboring...

mitigation), river control and stream restoration, and coastal protection. Planetary geomorphology studies landforms on other terrestrial planets such as Mars...

(pl. maculae /ˈmækjʊliː/) is the Latin word for 'spot'. It is used in planetary nomenclature to refer to unusually dark areas on the surface of a planet...

automatic transmissions is the hydraulic automatic, which typically uses planetary gearsets that are operated using hydraulics. The transmission is connected...

The Jonathan Eberhart Planetary Sciences Journalism Award was established by the Division for Planetary Sciences to recognize and stimulate distinguished...

This is a list of exoplanets and planetary debris disks around white dwarfs. Circumbinary exoplanets found with eclipse timing variations are sometimes...

9 km/sec. The structure is intended to be used as a space station or as a planetary vehicle for very high-speed transportation or space launch. Because the...

groups such as the Mars Society and The Planetary Society. The energy needed for transfer between planetary orbits, or delta-v, is lowest at intervals...

bodies. This method demonstrates the correctness of Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Where one of the bodies is sufficiently massive, general relativity...

lines MWP — Motch-Werner-Pakull (planetary nebulae) MyCn — Mayall-Cannon (planetary nebulae) Mz — Menzel (planetary nebulae) N — (for example: N 164 nebula...

The Planetary Science Journal is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal of astrophysics and astronomy, established in 2020. It is published by...

Global and Planetary Change is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research into the earth sciences, particularly pertaining to changes...

virtual impactor based on a simulated exercise conducted by the 2021 Planetary Defense Conference. In 2022, NASA spacecraft DART impacted Dimorphos,...

2022. "Planetary Names: Categories for Naming Features on Planets and Satellites". International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System...

Atmospheric escape is the loss of planetary atmospheric gases to outer space. A number of different mechanisms can be responsible for atmospheric escape;...

In planetary science, any material that has a relatively high equilibrium condensation temperature is called refractory. The opposite of refractory is...

In planetary nomenclature, a fossa /ˈfɒsə/ (pl. fossae /ˈfɒsiː/) is a long, narrow depression (trough) on the surface of an extraterrestrial body, such...

The planetary health diet (PHD), also called the EAT-Lancet diet, Lancet diet, planetary diet, or planetarian diet, is a diet created by the EAT-Lancet...

An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It is a 2006 book by Al Gore released in conjunction with the...

and Satellites". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). Retrieved...

The NASA International Planetary Patrol Program consists of a network of astronomical observatories to collect uninterrupted images and observations of...

The HWC is maintained by the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo. Surface planetary habitability is thought to...

and young, massive stars are the source of the ionizing photons; and planetary nebulae, in which a dying star has thrown off its outer layers, with the...

The Planetary Report is a quarterly magazine published by the Planetary Society, featuring articles and photos of Solar System exploration, planetary missions...

S.; Sozzetti, A.; Lovis, C.; et al. (2014). "Characterization of the planetary system Kepler-101 with HARPS-N: A hot super-Neptune with an Earth-sized...

and al-Ghazālī (1058–1111) and it was preserved in the tradition of the planetary tables. The earliest occurrence of the association of seven magic squares...

Spectroradiometry is a technique in Earth and planetary remote sensing, which makes use of light behaviour, specifically how light energy is reflected...

released music under more than 10 different names; the best known being Planetary Assault Systems, and LSD. Born in Reading and raised in Horley, Slater's...

giant at 88 light-years' distance. A red giant will usually produce a planetary nebula and become a white dwarf at the end of its life. A red giant is...

Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN), which maintains the astronomical naming conventions and planetary nomenclature for planetary bodies, and...

explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems). It suggests the Solar System was formed from gas and dust orbiting...

Thomson's model could not be correct. Also among the early models were "planetary" or Solar System-like models. In a 1901 paper, Jean Baptiste Perrin used...

The Wide Field/Planetary Camera (WFPC, pronounced as "wiffpick") was a camera installed on the Hubble Space Telescope launched in April 1990 and operated...

SAY-gən; November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, planetary scientist and science communicator. Initially an assistant professor at...

A planetary flyby is the act of sending a space probe past a planet or a dwarf planet close enough to record scientific data. This is a subset of the...

The Center for Earth and Planetary Studies (CEPS) is a research center affiliated with the Smithsonian Institution. Based in Washington, DC, the Center...

Planetary dispositors play an important role in Astrology. A dispositor is a planet that rules the sign that another planet is located in. For example...

The Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) is a camera formerly installed on the Hubble Space Telescope. The camera was built by the Jet Propulsion...

astronomical phenomena such as lunar eclipses, planetary alignments, and apparent interactions of planetary bodies with stars. The Sabians of Harran, a poorly...

province: Implications for the end-Permian environmental crisis". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 277 (1–2): 9–20. Bibcode:2009E&PSL.277....9R. doi:10...

appear, as do planets with unusual chemical conditions. Various peculiar planetary shapes have been depicted, including flattened, cubic, and toroidal. Some...

Christopher P. McKay (born 1954) is an American planetary scientist at NASA Ames Research Center, studying planetary atmospheres, astrobiology, and terraforming...

ancient atmosphere in an intense "late veneer" bombardment. As the Earth's planetary surface eventually cooled and formed a stable but evolving crust during...

important part in the growth of especially terrestrial planets from so-called planetary embryos. Detections of individual collisions are nevertheless rare and...

ice giants in the Solar System: Uranus and Neptune. In astrophysics and planetary science, the term "ice" refers to volatile chemical compounds with freezing...

The radii of these objects range over three orders of magnitude, from planetary-mass objects like dwarf planets and some moons to the planets and the...

Theoretical planetology, also known as theoretical planetary science is a branch of planetary sciences that developed in the 20th century. Scientific models...

indications that a white dwarf has a remnant planetary system. The most common observable evidence of a remnant planetary system is pollution of the spectrum of...

6) is a planetary nebula in the northern constellation of Draco, discovered by William Herschel on February 15, 1786. It was the first planetary nebula...

Planetary Laboratory was a monographic series that ran from 1962 to 1973 and covered publications and reports by the staff of the Lunar and Planetary...

Galilean moons. It is observable from Earth with common binoculars and is a planetary-mass moon, slightly smaller and less massive than Earth's Moon. Europa...

as Caldwell 15) is a planetary nebula located in the constellation Cygnus. It is commonly referred to as the "Blinking Planetary", although many other...

scientist, and Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University, in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Peter Huybers received a...

nine planetary boundaries. Alongside the film's release, a book of the same name was published, with a foreword from Greta Thunberg. The Planetary Health...

This is a list of notable confirmed exoplanets and planetary debris disks around giant stars, mainly sorted by distance to the Sun. Exoplanets orbiting...

PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (Plato) is a space telescope under development by the European Space Agency for launch in January 2027. It...

University in the Netherlands. In 2020, the UNDP introduced another index, the planetary pressures–adjusted Human Development Index (PHDI), which decreases the...

life detection technology, meteoritics, origins of life, planetary geoscience, planetary protection, prebiotic chemistry, space exploration technology...

objects with substructures. Examples of astronomical objects include planetary systems, star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies, while asteroids, moons...

The convective planetary boundary layer (CPBL), also known as the daytime planetary boundary layer (or simply convective boundary layer, CBL, when in context)...

collapse of a gas cloud (perhaps with the help of photo-erosion) but have a planetary mass, therefore are by definition below the limiting mass for thermonuclear...

normal stars with disks of dust around them, possibly the early stage of planetary system formation. New discoveries included a dust disk around Vega and...

In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity, such as...

The Ring Nebula is a planetary nebula in the northern constellation of Lyra, about mid-way between the prominent stars Beta and Gamma Lyrae. It is also...

mountains on the Moon (with a scope including all named mons and montes, planetary science jargon terms roughly equivalent to 'isolated mountain'/'massif'...

The alpine planetary boundary layer is the planetary boundary layer (PBL) associated with mountainous regions. Due to its high spatial and temporal variability...

The Planet Simulator, also known as a Planetary Simulator, is a climate-controlled simulation chamber designed to aid in the study of the origin of life...

Copernican model of the Solar System and the development of Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Io in particular was used for the first measurement of the speed...

"Planetary Sit-In" is a song by the English singer-songwriter Julian Cope. It is the second single released in support of his album Interpreter. "Julian...

intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets. Flybys (such...

landform is a land feature on the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body. They may be natural or may be anthropogenic (caused or influenced...

capping inversion is an elevated inversion layer that caps a convective planetary boundary layer. The boundary layer is the part of the atmosphere which...

October 25, 1973) is an Australian-American astrophysicist, professor of planetary astrophysics at the University of California, Riverside, and a Fellow...

Earth and Planetary Sciences is an annual peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews, which broadly covers Earth and planetary sciences...

Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society. The prize recognizes and encourages outstanding achievements in planetary science by...

The Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration (CPSX) is an academic unit operating at the University of Western Ontario (UWO). Founded in 2007, and...

The Arctic Planetary Science Institute, or APSI (Finnish: (unofficially) Arktinen planeettatutkimusinstituutti) is an independent organization dedicated...

The Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers (ALPO or A.L.P.O.) is an international scientific and educational organization established in March 1947...

given to the territory of Bosnia in the 10th century. HD 206610 is a planetary system which has one known planet, HD 206610 b or Naron, discovered in...

American planetary geologist who currently is a Senior Scientist Emeritus of the Planetary Science Institute. Wood earned his PhD in Planetary Geology...

Cowley FRS (born 1947) is a British physicist, Emeritus Professor of Solar Planetary Physics at the University of Leicester. Cowley was educated at Caludon...

Planetary Traveler is a soundtrack album by Paul Haslinger, for a film of the same name, released in 1998 through Third Planet Entertainment. All music...

habitable environments in the Solar System and beyond, the search for planetary biosignatures of past or present extraterrestrial life, and the study...

between the late asymptotic giant branch (LAGB)[a] phase and the subsequent planetary nebula (PN) phase. A PPN emits strongly in infrared radiation, and is...

ˈkœypər]; 7 December 1905 – 23 December 1973) was a Dutch astronomer, planetary scientist, selenographer, author and professor. The Kuiper belt is named...

visible spectrum. It was installed as a replacement for the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 during the first spacewalk of Space Shuttle mission STS-125 (Hubble...

The Center for Planetary Research at the University of Copenhagen was created in February 2001 when the planetary science groups from the Niels Bohr Institute...

describe the multiple interconnected layers that computation depends on at a planetary scale. The term was introduced by Benjamin H. Bratton in a 2014 essay...

on Greek mythology, in which Phobos is a companion to the god, Ares. Planetary moons other than Earth's were never given symbols in the astronomical...

Planetary Transportation Systems (PTS), formerly known as PTScientists and Part-Time Scientists, is a Berlin-based aerospace company. They developed the...

The Virtual Planetary Laboratory (VPL) is a virtual institute based at the University of Washington that studies how to detect exoplanetary habitability...

The Planetary series of stories by Stanley G. Weinbaum is a series of short stories, published in Wonder Stories and Astounding Stories in the 1930s,...

of free-floating planets in 2002, and a Ph.D in planetary science with work on the dynamics of planetary formation involving the modelling of the formation...

Rotation et Transits planétaires; English: Convection, Rotation and planetary Transits) was a space telescope mission which operated from 2006 to 2013...

for microbial life (including investigation of the role of water), and planetary habitability studies in preparation for human exploration. In December...

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, established in October 1967, is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. The co-editors...

System, magma oceans were formed by the melting of planetesimals and planetary impacts. Small planetesimals are melted by the heat provided by the radioactive...

transverse engine applications produced by Aisin Seiki. It uses a Lepelletier planetary gearset, an epicyclic gearset, which can provide more gear ratios with...

the southern constellation of Ara, is a pre-planetary nebula in the process of developing to a planetary nebula. The central star is known as IRAS 16594-4656...

Planetary Instrument for X-Ray Lithochemistry (PIXL) is an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to determine the fine scale elemental composition of Martian...

sub-Earth-mass planets (Barnard's Star b, c, d & e). Multiple claims for a planetary system had been proposed since the beginning of the twentieth century...

Field in California, guiding research in Earth Science, Heliophysics, Planetary Science, and Astrophysics. Its responsibility is to define and direct...

development – shaped like a doughnut or lifebelt – combining the concept of planetary boundaries with the complementary concept of social boundaries. The name...

The appearance of plate tectonics on terrestrial planets is related to planetary mass, with more massive planets than Earth expected to exhibit plate tectonics...

low-mass star, a brown dwarf or a young free-floating planetary-mass object. If a young exoplanet or planetary-mass companion is detected via direct imaging,...

stems from a paper presented to the 2000 IAU general assembly by the planetary scientists Alan Stern and Harold F. Levison. The authors used several...

loss. A separate group of stars with WR spectra are the central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe), post-asymptotic giant branch stars that were similar...

Messier 76, NGC 650/651, the Barbell Nebula, or the Cork Nebula, is a planetary nebula in the northern constellation of Perseus. It was discovered by...

In planetary geology, an arcus (pl. arcũs) is an arc-shaped type of landform. Arcus is the Latin word for arc. As of 2022 the only named arcus are Hotei...

Fomalhaut on the right. Debris disks are found around stars with mature planetary systems, including at least one debris disk in orbit around an evolved...

2MASS J11193254–1137466 AB (often shortened to 2MASS J1119–1137 AB) is a planetary mass binary located 86±23 light-years from the Earth in the constellation...

star in the southern constellation Hydrus that is notable for its large planetary system. Since its discovery, at least six exoplanets have been observed...

A sub-brown dwarf or planetary-mass brown dwarf is an astronomical object that formed in the same manner as stars and brown dwarfs (i.e. through the collapse...

create the mixing action by either rotating the mixing device vertically (planetary mixers), or by rotating the mixing container (spiral mixers).[citation...

model year Ford Explorer and Mercury Mountaineer. It uses a Lepelletier planetary gearset, an epicyclic gearset, which can provide more gear ratios with...

A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest...

спутников) is a Soviet-era planetary atlas published in the Russian language in Moscow. It summarizes Soviet and American planetary science results in thematic...

the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society for outstanding lifetime achievement in the field of planetary science. The prize...

The Abell Catalog of Planetary Nebulae was created in 1966 by George O. Abell and was composed of 86 entries thought to be planetary nebulae. The objects...

automatic transmissions produced by General Motors. It uses a Lepelletier planetary gearset, an epicyclic gearset, which can provide more gear ratios with...

Sanskrit, daśā, 'condition', 'state', 'circumstances', 'period of life', 'planetary period'.) The dasha pattern shows which planets according to Hindu astrology...

named by the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature. All craters on Venus are named after famous women...

has matured to a state where it has its own paradigms and practices. Planetary science, or planetology, is the scientific study of planets, which include...

scientific disciplines including astronomy, chemistry, geology, physics, and planetary science. Since the dawn of the Space Age in the 1950s and the discovery...

"Questions and Answers - Sten's Space Blog". www.astronomycafe.net. "Planetary Fact Sheet". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Bate, Roger B.; Mueller, Donald D.;...

Noll (born 1958) is an American planetary scientist. Noll works at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) as a planetary astronomer. Before coming go...

The Planetary Science Archive is the central repository for all scientific and engineering data returned by the European Space Agency's Solar System missions...

largest moon of Saturn. Planetary features are approved by the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)...

Space Plasmas and Planetary Magnetospheres Branches, and then as a Senior Astrophysicist. He was a major pioneer in the field of planetary magnetism. As a...

is locked mechanically. The Simpson planetary gearset types were first introduced in 1980, the Ravigneaux planetary gearset types in 1984 and produced...

A palimpsest /ˈpælɪmpsɛst/, in planetary astronomy, is an ancient crater that has been degraded over time. They may also be referred to as "ghost craters"...

few known examples of a pulsar with a surviving planetary companion, offering insights into planetary formation and survival in the aftermath of a supernova...

fund preliminary instrument development, as suggested in 2011 by the Planetary Science Decadal Survey. In May 2014, a House bill substantially increased...

Planetary-surface construction is the construction of artificial habitats and other structures on planetary surfaces. Planetary surface construction can...

follow-up observations of the TOI-375 planetary system. The planet is the outermost known member of the TOI-375 planetary system, which contains at least three...

NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return remains unclear. The mission will include planetary protection measures to prevent forward contamination. Early plans also...

Dark Green Religion: Nature Spirituality and the Planetary Future is a 2009 book by the American scholar and conservationist Bron Taylor. It is about...

French-American planetary scientist and isotope geochemist. He is a Chair Professor of geochemistry and cosmochemistry in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences...

contributions to the study of planetary origins, zodiacal dust bands, resonance effects of planetary satellites, mechanics of planetary rings, tidal interactions...

Executive Committee Working Group (ECWG) on Public Naming of Planets and Planetary Satellites, a group working parallel with the Working Group on Star Names...

their self-titled third album. In early 2013, they announced a new album, Planetary Breathing, to be released in April. A little later, the album was pushed...

level position "P", the output is locked mechanically. The Ravigneaux planetary gearset types were first introduced in 1963 and produced through the mid-seventies...

the Sun from other stars. The term sol with a lowercase s is used by planetary astronomers for the duration of a solar day on another planet such as...

converter and Planetary gearsets) for longitudinal engine applications, designed and built by ZF's subsidiary in Saarbrücken. The Ravigneaux planetary gearset...

plane. The Galilean satellites are nearly spherical in shape due to their planetary mass, and are just massive enough that they would be considered planets...

PANGAEA (Planetary Analogue Geological and Astrobiological Exercise for Astronauts) is an astronaut training course developed by the European Space Agency...

variable star which is believed to have recently undergone an giant impact planetary collision that exhibits recently generated hot circumstellar dust. The...

Currently, this list includes both directly imaged planets and imaged planetary-mass companions (objects that orbit a star but formed through a binary-star-formation...

selected as the highest priority Flagship-class mission by the 2023–2032 Planetary Science Decadal Survey, ahead of the Enceladus Orbilander and alongside...

Horizons KBO Encounter Targets (PDF). 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Lunar and Planetary Institute. Bibcode:2015LPI....46.1301P. "JPL Horizons...

Enceladus, most recently Samaria Rupes, formerly called Samaria Fossa. Planetary moons other than Earth's were never given symbols in the astronomical...

dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, halogens, noble gases and others. Planetary scientists often classify volatiles with exceptionally low melting points...

1969) is a Belgian-born astronomer and a UCLA professor with expertise in planetary sciences and SETI. Margot has discovered and studied several binary asteroids...

2018, researchers determined that of the seven exoplanets in the multi-planetary system, TRAPPIST-1e has the best chance of being an Earth-like ocean planet...

speculative design, artificial intelligence, and for his writing on "planetary scale computation." He is Professor of Visual Arts at University of California...

Magellan probe "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature - Nanichi". International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature. Retrieved...

called 2MASS J0419012+280248) is a low-mass brown dwarf or free-floating planetary-mass object that is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, actively accreting...

of June 30, 2015 June 30 – Venus and Jupiter come close together in a planetary conjunction; they came approximately 1/3 a degree apart. The conjunction...

The semi-analytic planetary theory VSOP (French: Variations Séculaires des Orbites Planétaires) is a mathematical model describing long-term changes (secular...

intervention (the DART impact)". The name was suggested by Kleomenis Tsiganis, a planetary scientist at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and a member of...

Kosuke (2015-10-01). "Planetary and meteoritic Mg/Si and δ30Si variations inherited from solar nebula chemistry". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 427:...

and science. It includes the advances in the knowledge of the Earth at planetary scale, as part of it. Humans (Homo sapiens) have inhabited the Earth in...

Benardini is an American microbiologist who serves as the 8th and current Planetary Protection Officer for NASA since 2021. He has a Bachelor of Science in...

description of the construction of a solar equatorium (as opposed to planetary) is contained in Proclus's fifth-century work Hypotyposis, where he gives...

K2-25: multi-band observations of stellar photometric variability and planetary transits". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 530 (1):...

/ˈfluːmɛn/ (plural flumina) is the Latin word for river. It is used in planetary geology to name landform features on the Saturnian moon Titan. A flumen...

Clown Face Nebula, Lion Nebula, or Caldwell 39, is a bipolar double-shell planetary nebula (PN). It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel in 1787...

Morgan), McDonald Observatory, University of Texas–Austin, the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory in Tucson, Arizona, and the National Autonomous University...

Rockström has pioneered work on the planetary boundaries framework, first published in 2009. The nine planetary boundaries presented in the framework...

centuries, into the future. In August 2020 the Arecibo Observatory (Arecibo Planetary Radar) suffered a structural cable failure, leading to the collapse of...

himself. Nye continued to advocate for science, becoming the CEO of The Planetary Society. He has written two bestselling books on science: Undeniable:...

(/ˈpɪlɪndʒər/; 9 May 1943 – 7 May 2014) was an English planetary scientist. He was a founding member of the Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute at The...

object to another, as viewed from a third body. apsis In the orbit of a planetary body, one of the two extreme points of distance between the body and its...

University and has since been a Professor of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. He was awarded his PhD in 1956 from Imperial College London...

the stars. The Copernican model was later replaced by Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Philolaus (4th century BC) was one of the first to hypothesize...

The 3MV planetary probe (short for 3rd generation Mars-Venus) is a designation for a common design used by early Soviet unmanned probes to Mars and Venus...

its 8-speed automatic transmission models with hydraulic converter and planetary gearsets for longitudinal engine applications. The 8HP is the first transmission...

geologic structure of deformed bedrock or sediment produced by impact on a planetary surface, whatever the stage of erosion of the structure. In contrast,...

Planetary Brigade is a comic book series published by Boom! Studios. It was created by Keith Giffen, J.M. DeMatteis and Joe Abraham. Originally a two-issue...

scientist, and science communicator who currently serves as the Acting NASA Planetary Defense Officer, the Program Manager for NASA’s Near-Earth Object Observations...

characterized by two lobes either side of a central star. About 10–20% of planetary nebulae are bipolar. Though the exact causes of this nebular structure...

(Spectropolarimeter for Planetary Exploration) is a single-channel, high-precision polarimeter for the characterization of planetary atmospheres. It is intended...

Video games portal Solar System Explorer, later renamed Planetary Missions, is an educational video game developed by UK-based studio Maris Multimedia...

considered mild hybrids. The HSD also combines an electric drive and a planetary gearset which performs similarly to a continuously variable transmission...

the present day through their Barringer Crater Company. The Lunar and Planetary Institute, the American Museum of Natural History, and other science institutes...

debate on planetary stewardship, earth system transformation and ESG. Planetary justice is a system designed to secure the integrity of the planetary system...

Romanowicz, B. (2012). "Cluster analysis of global lower mantle". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 357–358: 68–77. Bibcode:2012E&PSL.357...68L. doi:10.1016/j...

2022. He has served on the editorial board of several geological and planetary science journals, including serving as editor-in-chief for the journal...

eventually designing the AstroAnalyst. He wrote several books, including Planetary Stock Trading, which uses company first trade dates to pick winners. Brimelow...

Alessandro Morbidelli (born May 2, 1966) is an Italian astronomer and planetary scientist who is currently employed by the Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur...

volcanology, structural geology, mineralogy, and planetary sciences. Its content ranges from planetary evolution to computer modeling of fossil development...

(born 1970) is a professor of planetary science and cosmochemistry at the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. He is the principal...

such matters under the terms “planetary quarantine” and later “planetary protection”, and has formulated a COSPAR planetary protection policy with associated...

geosciences or the Earthquake sciences, and is arguably a special case in planetary science, the Earth being the only known life-bearing planet. Earth science...

calculation of line-by-line atmospheric emission/transmission spectra in planetary atmospheres. It has been developed by Javier Martín-Torres. It allows...

clusters have been observed surrounding NGC 1419, along with 21 planetary nebulae. These planetary nebulae reveal that the distance to NGC 1419 is approximately...

12 (also known as V2247 Oph) is a weak-line T-Tauri binary that has a planetary-mass companion with a detected accretion disk. SR 12 was discovered by...

extinction event being a worst-case scenario. Professor of Earth and planetary sciences James Zachos notes that IPCC projections for 2300 in the 'business-as-usual'...

from evolutionary models for a planet forming this close to the star. Planetary migration is a plausible explanation, meaning that the planet could have...

system where both objects are planets, or planetary-mass objects, and whose barycenter is external to both planetary bodies. Although up to a third of the...

Interactive. The game follows the player character as they explore a planetary system stuck in a 22-minute time loop that resets after the sun goes supernova...

complete planetary nebula, and it is still in the short-lived protoplanetary nebula phase. IRAS 20068+4051 has given astronomers insight into how planetary nebulae...

Kepler's second law. Epicycles were highly accurate at predicting apparent planetary motion, because, as Fourier analysis later showed, any smooth curve can...

(2002). "1961" (PDF). Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000. Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24. NASA History...

Mars). Perhaps inspired by Kepler (and quoting Kepler's third law of planetary motion), Jonathan Swift's satire Gulliver's Travels (1726) refers to two...

space mission launched on October 13, 2023, to explore the origin of planetary cores by orbiting and studying the metallic asteroid 16 Psyche beginning...

planets and other celestial bodies (planetary mass or not) to orbit around itself, therefore forming a planetary system with the said star as the primary...

(help) Butterfield, Herbert (April 1958). "The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought by Thomas S. Kuhn". The...

astrophysicist and professor of planetary science at California Institute of Technology in the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences. Her research is...

He developed his own noetic philosophy in his three-volume work The Planetary Man, a prescient, pioneering vision of globalisation unifying the world's...

In planetary astronomy, the grand tack hypothesis proposes that Jupiter formed at a distance of 3.5 AU from the Sun, then migrated inward to 1.5 AU, before...

waves, and it has groups interested in planetary astronomy, cosmochemistry, astrobiology, remote sensing, planetary morphology, and space flight instrument...

forces, such as gravity, are balanced by a pressure-gradient force. In the planetary physics of Earth, the pressure-gradient force prevents gravity from collapsing...

developed the first planetary defense purpose-built satellite, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) to test possible planetary defense concepts....

/ˈæpsɪˌdiːz/ AP-sih-deez) is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body. The line of apsides (also called apse line...

Canada Research Chair in planetary astronomy. He does both theoretical work (large-scale numerical simulations of planetary dynamics) and observational...

the star is able to ionise its surrounding nebula, producing a true planetary nebula. Post-AGB stars span a large range of temperatures, as they are...

a Professor Emeritus of Astrophysics and Planetary Science in the Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Science at Villanova University. He specializes...

large planetary radii imply both planets have a massive steam atmosphere for planet b and hydrogen-helium atmosphere for planet c. The planetary system...

Heavy with a landing in the early 2050s. It was proposed in the 2023–2032 Planetary Science Decadal Survey as the second highest priority Flagship mission...

all of the planets or brown dwarfs orbiting around it. The majority of planetary systems (around 61%) including the Solar System will experience at least...

interstellar war is a hypothetical space war between combatants from different planetary systems. The concept provides a common plot device in science fiction...

drifting further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of 17 km/s. A planetary system was discovered orbiting this star in 2021. The spectrum of HD 110113...

Modern astrologers differ on the source of the correlations between planetary positions and configurations, on the one hand, and characteristics and...

Retrieved 2025-05-05. Kuhn, Thomas S. (1985). The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought (4th ed.). Harvard University...

on propeller-driven aircraft. Its work later expanded to spaceflight, planetary science, astrobiology, small spacecraft, supercomputing, entry systems...

determined the planetary orbit is strongly misaligned with the equatorial plane of the star, with misalignment equal to 86±8°, making the planetary orbit nearly...

581 (/ˈɡliːzə/) is a red dwarf star of spectral type M3V which hosts a planetary system, 20.5 light-years (6.3 parsecs) away from Earth in the constellation...

U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through its Planetary Missions Program Office. The cost of each mission is capped at a lower...

WorldKiller: The Game of Planetary Assault is a science fiction board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1980 that simulates...

Emeritus of Planetary Geoscience at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville. He has published papers and popular books about meteorites and planetary exploration...

PMID 17811197. S2CID 44313317. Abel, Paul (2013). "Saturn". Visual Lunar and Planetary Astronomy. The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series. New York, NY:...

The Vicarious Hypothesis, or hypothesis vicaria, was a planetary hypothesis proposed by Johannes Kepler to describe the motion of Mars. The hypothesis...

between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter to fit his own model of where planetary orbits should be found. In an anonymous footnote to his 1766 translation...

NGC 5189 (Gum 47, IC 4274, nicknamed Spiral Planetary Nebula) is a planetary nebula in the constellation Musca. It was discovered by James Dunlop on 1...

based on observations made by Eudoxus in Egypt and Cnidus On Speeds, on planetary motions We are fairly well informed about the contents of Phaenomena,...

A reduction drive is a mechanical device to shift rotational speed. A planetary reduction drive is a small scale version using ball bearings in an epicyclic...

(September 7, 1925 – February 8, 2008) was an American astronomer and planetary physicist. He was a NASA scientist, populist author and futurist. Jastrow...

Amy Simon is an American planetary scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, involved in several missions of the Solar System Exploration Program...

to the remaining truth value of the term, narrowed to the scope of our planetary system. While the sphericity of Earth was widely recognized in Greco-Roman...

the non-threatening asteroid Dimorphos in September 2022 as a test of planetary defense technology. NASA's Psyche, launched October 2023, aims to study...

airmasses during an adiabatic (i.e. non-heat-exchanging) process above the planetary boundary layer. The change of state of air parcels following isentropic...

nuclear fusion processes. He also did influential theoretical work on planetary formation in the early Solar System. In his late career, he focused more...

Odin Planitia, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) SHADED...

issues The US National Aeronautics and Space Administration provides planetary fact sheets. The US conservation organization Defenders of Wildlife provides...

law) is a formulaic prediction of spacing between planets in any given planetary system. The formula suggests that, extending outward, each planet should...

The Helix Nebula (also known as NGC 7293 or Caldwell 63) is a planetary nebula (PN) located in the constellation Aquarius. Discovered by Karl Ludwig Harding...

American Mineralogist: An International Journal of Earth and Planetary Materials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the general fields of...

(born 1961; also published as Ellen S. Bus) is an American astronomer and planetary scientist who studies the composition and structure of asteroids and comets...

in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution, best known for his laws of planetary motion, and his books Astronomia nova, Harmonice Mundi, and Epitome Astronomiae...

Meritorious Service to Planetary Science, usually called the Masursky Award, is awarded annually by the Division for Planetary Sciences (DPS) of the American...

(1962–2012) was a Mexican astronomer who studied interstellar clouds including planetary nebulae and compact H II regions. She became known for the discovery of...

phenomenon but a large-scale process linking the geological evolution of planetary bodies to the interstellar dust produced by stellar death. The limitations...

inverts any figure when added, giving it another meaning of change. Its planetary ruler is Chashmodai, its Intelligence is the Intelligence of Intelligences...

The Institute of Space and Planetary Astrophysics, renamed to Institute of Space Science and Technology, also known as by its abbreviation (I.S.S.T.)...

Guest (6 December 1938 – 19 May 2012), was a British volcanologist and planetary scientist. Guest was born in London, England. He studied at University...

kind of exosea). The study of extraterrestrial oceans is referred to as planetary oceanography. Earth is the only astronomical object known to presently...

(early Paleogene) age or later., "Connolly Basin". Earth Impact Database. Planetary and Space Science Centre University of New Brunswick Fredericton. Retrieved...

Cinematic Universe film Iron Man 3 (2013). Ellis created The Authority and Planetary for WildStorm, and wrote a run of Hellblazer for Vertigo and James Bond...

Lee Blaney is an American planetary scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and a former chair of the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American...

Mapping". NASA/USGS Planetary Geologic Mapping Program. 2007-09-19. Retrieved 2007-12-09. USGS Astrogeology: Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature - USGS...

International Asteroid Day, to raise awareness about asteroids and efforts at planetary defence. Asteroid Day, annual global event held on 30 June Patomskiy crater...

mistranslated term "canali". The name was adopted by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature in 1973. A crater within Schiaparelli shows many layers...

frame and the planetary frame, and this means that the ship's speed and journey time will appear different in the two frames. From the planetary frame of reference...

for PIA17831". "Planetary Names: Catena, catenae: Baltay Catena on Ceres". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. 20 June 2015. "Planetary Names: Catena,...

vehicle had the first tilt steering wheel, changeable speed gears on a planetary transmission and a revolutionary new carburetor. Factory price was $600...

Ring may refer to: Planet Ring (video game), a 2000 SEGA Dreamcast game Planetary ring or ringed planet, an astronomical phenomenon Orbital ring, a speculative...

June 27, 1941) is a Professor Emeritus of planetary science at the University of Arizona’s Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. His interests in the chemistry...

gases. The existence of mega-Earths challenges conventional theories for planetary formation, as massive planets should accrete large amounts of gas in addition...

Triton is the seventh-largest moon in the Solar System, the second-largest planetary moon in relation to its primary (after Earth's Moon), and larger than...

by a meteor exploding within a planetary body's atmosphere after entering, before actually colliding with the planetary surface (lithosphere or hydrosphere)...

entire solar system in space. Secular aberration is usually disregarded." Planetary aberration: "The apparent angular displacement of the observed position...

The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is a protocol, hypermedia and file sharing peer-to-peer network for sharing data using a distributed hash table...

simulating the formation of proto-planets and plantessimals with a large planetary body. This simulation used the GRAPE-4 system. The LNS-based GRAPE-5 architecture...

own specific energy-field. At times these planetary aspects take a lead over planetary conjunctions. Planetary aspects play an important role in predicting...

and Planetary Science XXXVII: papers presented at the thirty-seventh Lunar and Planetary Science Conference March 13-17, 2006. Lunar and Planetary Science...

Geronimo L. Villanueva (born April 9, 1978) is a planetary astronomer at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Some of his contributions include the identification...

that then took the artist names Planetary, Jedeye and Crypt the Warchild. The founding member Mario Collazo (Planetary) was then attending 10th grade,...

free dictionary. Plana may refer to: plural of Latin word Planum used in planetary geology Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana (1781–1864) was an Italian astronomer...

Joshua L. Bandfield (1974 – June 2019) was an American planetary scientist. He was a lead scientist for the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) on...

astronomers who use the geophysical definition of a planet, two or three planetary-mass satellites – Earth's Moon, Io, and sometimes Europa – may also count...

dwarf planet Pluto. It has a mean radius of 606 km (377 mi). Charon is a planetary-mass moon and the sixth-largest known trans-Neptunian object after Pluto...

mechanisms are also called planetary sharpeners, in reference to their use of planetary gears. A larger, stationary planetary sharpener can be mounted on...

Samples, Lunar and Planetary Institute 12014, Lunar Samples, Lunar and Planetary Institute 12015, Lunar Samples, Lunar and Planetary Institute 12016, Lunar...

Observatory, have failed to detect any X-ray emissions from the star during planetary eclipse, which may indicate an unusually low coronal activity or the presence...

The Owl Nebula (also known as Messier 97, M97 or NGC 3587) is a planetary nebula approximately 2,030 light years away in the constellation Ursa Major...

concept is being supported by the Ocean Worlds Exploration Program. NASA's Planetary Science Division delivered its report in early February 2017. This was...

which the planetary gearset concept was limited to a purely serial or in-line power flow—to a more modern design method that utilizes a planetary gearset...

English, perhaps under the influence of French Ganymède ([ɡanimɛd]). Planetary moons other than Earth's were never given symbols in the astronomical...

which the planetary gearset concept was limited to a purely serial or in-line power flow—to a more modern design method that utilizes a planetary gearset...

delivering what its citizens need without transgressing the biophysical planetary boundaries". Sustainability is regarded as a "normative concept". This...

Space Flight Center, who specializes in exoplanets, Archean geochemistry, planetary atmospheres, and astrobiology. Domagal-Goldman has a master's degree in...

The rings of Saturn are an extensive set of planetary rings in orbit about the planet Saturn. Rings of Saturn may also refer to: The Rings of Saturn,...

The cosmic shoreline is a concept in planetary science that describes an empirical boundary between planetary bodies that are able to retain significant...

Ian Andrew Crawford FRAS (born 1961) is a British professor of planetary science and astrobiology at Birkbeck, University of London in the United Kingdom...

standards, and much below the temperatures generally associated with planetary habitability. Titan may become warmer in the future. Five to six billion...

and "tail" of the bubble, with launches in 2032 and 2033. Cosmic wind Planetary wind Colliding-wind binary Pulsar wind nebula Galactic superwind Superwind...

Precambrian should be divided into eons and eras that reflect stages of planetary evolution, rather than the current scheme based upon numerical ages. Such...

The geared turbofan is a type of turbofan aircraft engine with a planetary gearbox between the low pressure compressor / turbine and the ducted fan, enabling...

NGC 3918 is a bright planetary nebula in the constellation Centaurus, nicknamed the "Blue Planetary" or "The Southerner". It is the brightest of the far...

Directorate (SMD): the astrophysics, Earth science, heliophysics and planetary science divisions. "Large" refers to the budget of each mission, typically...

500 times higher than today. Planetary scientists still debate whether these high rates represent the tail end of planetary accretion or a late cataclysmic...

collaboration to understand external drivers of planetary environments and universal processes in solar-terrestrial-planetary-heliospheric physics. The IHY will focus...

"Beijerinck". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program. "LAC 85" (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Institute. Retrieved 2026-06-03...

Miaki Ishii is a seismologist and Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University. Ishii attended secondary school at Midland Secondary...

first four games in the series are set in or related to the fictional planetary system of Algol, and are single-player turn-based role-playing games....

with solid fuel). Starting in 2015, a new effort for planetary protection moved the backward planetary protection function from the surface of Mars to the...

NGC 6905, also known as the Blue Flash Nebula, is a planetary nebula in the constellation Delphinus. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1784. The...

Wittenmyer, Robert A.; et al. (2013). "Forever Alone? Testing Single Eccentric Planetary Systems for Multiple Companions". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement...

Retrieved 2020-08-09. Borucki, William J.; et al. (2011). "Characteristics of Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler. II. Analysis of the First Four Months of...

from the Mojave impact crater on Mars, and an estimate that an era of planetary migration in the Solar System occurred earlier than previously thought...

2nd century, shows Greek personifications of planetary gods charged with early versions of the planetary symbols: Mercury has a caduceus; Venus has, attached...

Tony McDonnell is a Professor (Emeritus) of Planetary and Space Sciences. Specialising in space science and a recognised authority in cosmic dust, he...

achievements, Newton provides an explanation for Johannes Kepler's laws of planetary motion, which Kepler had obtained empirically. The Preface of the work...

terraforming of Mars is a hypothetical procedure that would consist of a planetary engineering project or concurrent projects aspiring to transform Mars...

confirmation, this planet was known as KOI-433.02, and a 2011 article from the Planetary Habitability Laboratory included it in a list of exoplanet candidates...

Sisyadhivrddida by Lalla. These texts describe the characteristics of planetary motion. Other texts, such as the Surya Siddhanta (completed between the...

extraterrestrial bodies Timeline of space exploration Brian Harvey (2007). Russian planetary exploration. Springer. pp. 98–101. ISBN 978-0-387-46343-8. "Pioneer Venus...

Life in Planetary Systems, Committee on the Origins and Evolution of Life, National Research Council; The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems;...

NGC 2438 is a planetary nebula in the southern constellation of Puppis. Parallax measurements by Gaia put the central star at a distance of roughly 1...

a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign for its real-time strategy title, Planetary Annihilation. The fundraiser produced over US$2.2 million in funds. The...

A shepherd moon is a small natural satellite that clears a gap in planetary ring material or keeps particles within a ring contained. The name is a result...

released their debut album, Akeldama, in November 2006, and a follow-up, Planetary Duality, in November 2008. The band's third album, Autotheism, was released...

Mantreswara in his Phaladeepika (vide verses VI.32-34) states, are inauspicious planetary combinations. Dainya yoga is one of the type of parivartan yoga. Those...

0.30 mi) and has been observed extensively by the Arecibo Observatory planetary radar and the Goldstone Deep Space Network. Bennu was the target of the...

Schlumpf Drive is a two-speed planetary gear assembly for use on bicycles and unicycles. It is distinct from other bicycle planetary gear assemblies in that...

composed of 32 different images from four CCD sensors in the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 on board Hubble. The photograph was made with light emitted by...

elements on planetary surfaces. The K/U ratio helps explain the evolution of the planetary system and the origin of Earth's Moon. In planetary science, volatiles...

substantial deceleration with respect to the central body or, for launch from a planetary surface, substantial acceleration to reach orbital speed. Higher energy...

of day at which planetary conjunctions will occur, and for performing linear interpolation. Invented was also a mechanical planetary computer which he...

Aeronomy can be divided into three main branches: terrestrial aeronomy, planetary aeronomy, and comparative aeronomy. Terrestrial aeronomy focuses on the...

a planetary nebula. One in five planetary nebulae are thought to be ejected from common envelopes, but this might be an underestimate. A planetary nebula...

She was previously the director of NASA's Science Mission Directorate's Planetary Science Division and deputy associate administrator for the Exploration...

counterpart of the Roman god Mars) summons Dread (Deimos) and Fear (Phobos). Planetary moons other than Earth's were never given symbols in the astronomical...

celestial mechanics, planetary rings, helioseismology and neutron stars. He is the Lee DuBridge Professor of Astrophysics and Planetary Physics at California...

by ammonia clouds. These planets are found in the outer regions of a planetary system. They exist at temperatures less than about 150 K (−120 °C; −190 °F)...

science of impact craters. It was published in 1998 by the Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI), which is part of the Universities Space Research Association...

personality. He is the former host of Planetary Radio, a radio talk show about space exploration produced by The Planetary Society.[citation needed] Kaplan's...

headquartered in Mill Valley, California, United States, dedicated to planetary science and planetary defense against asteroids and other near-Earth object (NEO)...

the University of California Santa Cruz who studies the formation of planetary systems. Murray-Clay graduated magna cum laude with an A.B. from Harvard...

sequence, giant, or supergiant stars, but also some central stars of planetary nebulae, old low-mass stars near the end of their lives, which typically...

ROXs 42Bb is a directly imaged planetary-mass companion to the binary M star ROXs 42B, a likely member of the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex. The companion...

School of Arts and Sciences Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth And Planetary Sciences and the Applied Physics Laboratory. She was awarded a Bloomberg...

This is a list of named catenae on Mars. In planetary geology, a catena is a chain of similarly sized craters. On Mars, they are named after nearby classical...

other than hydrogen and helium, is 23% larger than the Sun's. In 2023, a planetary companion was detected around TOI-715. The planet was initially identified...

Latin in the 12th century, once in Sicily and again in Spain. Ptolemy's planetary models, like those of the majority of his predecessors, were geocentric...

inch (91 cm) refractor telescope at Lick Observatory. It was the last planetary satellite to be discovered by direct visual observation (as opposed to...

preserve information about processes such as planetesimal formation, planetary differentiation, thermal evolution, and early collisional history. Meteorites...

imaging team for NASA's Voyager missions and made multiple contributions to planetary astronomy and astronomical imaging techniques. He was instrumental in...

Planetary Names: Search Results, International Astronomical Union Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) at Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature...

they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets). A...