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Placodonts ("tablet teeth") are an extinct order of marine reptiles that lived during the Triassic period, becoming extinct at the end of the period. They...

Greek: ἑνός henós, 'one' and Greek: ὀδούς odoús, 'tooth') is an extinct placodont of the Late Triassic period during the early Carnian age. Fossils of Henodus...

Cyamodus (pron.: SIE-ah-MO-dus) is a genus of placodonts known from several species described from Middle-Late Triassic of Europe and China. The genus...

sauropterygians are less specialised. Non-placodont sauropterygians generally have streamlined bodies. Many placodonts are covered in a layer of dermal armour...

ray-finned fish). Ichthyosaurs, and sauropterygians plesiosaurs, nothosaurs, placodonts) appear. First scleractinian (hard coral) reefs. First wasps and stick...

reptiles such as ichthyosaurs, sauropterygians (plesiosaurs, nothosaurs, placodonts), thalattosaurs and thalattosuchians, proliferation of shell-destroying...

Pararcus is an extinct genus of placodont marine reptile from the Middle Triassic of the Netherlands. The genus is monotypic and the type species is Pararcus...

plakos, "plate" and Greek: chelys, "tortoise") is an extinct genus of placodont reptiles erected by Otto Jaekel in 1902. Fossils of Placochelys dates...

Henodontidae is an extinct family of superficially turtle-like placodonts belonging to the superfamily Cyamodontoidea. Fossils have been found in Germany...

Paraplacodus broilii is an extinct placodont sauropterygian from the Middle Triassic epoch, from the Anisian until Ladinian stages. The fossils were uncovered...

Underside of the skull of the aquatic placodont reptile Placodus, showing modification of palatal teeth into tooth plates used for crushing hard-shelled...

(most notably ankylosaurs and stegosaurians), phytosaurs, aetosaurs, placodonts, and hupehsuchians (marine reptiles with possible ichthyosaur affinities)...

Placochelyidae is an extinct family of placodonts belonging to the superfamily Cyamodontoidea. †Glyphoderma †Placochelys †Psephochelys †Psephoderma †Psephosauriscus...

a classification now cladistically obsolete), mosasaurs, nothosaurs, placodonts, sea turtles, thalattosaurs and thalattosuchians. Most marine reptile...

Greek psepho (ψῆφος), "pebbly", and derma (δέρμα), "skin") is a genus of placodonts very similar to the related genera Placochelys and Cyamodus. Psephoderma...

the seas, including ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, nothosaurs, placodonts, sea turtles, thalattosaurs and thalattosuchians. Marine reptiles were...

(Rhaetian). By the end of the Triassic, all other sauropterygians, including placodonts and nothosaurs, had become extinct. At least six lineages of plesiosaur...

basal placodontiform closely related to a group of marine reptiles called placodonts, characterized by their crushing teeth and shell-like body armor. Under...

Klein, Nicole; Scheyer, Torsten M. (2013-03-27). "European origin of placodont marine reptiles and the evolution of crushing dentition in Placodontia"...

PMID 33986981. Zhao, L.-J.; Li, C.; Liu, J.; He, T. (2008). "A new armored placodont from the Middle Triassic of Yunnan Province, Southwestern China" (PDF)...

common during the Middle Triassic, especially in the Tethys region), placodonts, the earliest known herbivorous marine reptile Atopodentatus, and the...

Sinocyamodus is an extinct genus of placodont reptile from the Late Triassic (Tuvalian) Xiaowa Formation of China. Only one species, Sinocyamodus xinpuensis...

have been suggested to have engaged in filter feeding. Henodus was a placodont with unique baleen-like denticles and features of the hyoid and jaw musculature...

Triassic–Jurassic boundary were the placochelyids (the last family of placodonts), making plesiosaurs the only surviving sauropterygians, and giant ichthyosaurs...

of reptiles, progenitors of birds) Subclass Euryapsida (plesiosaurs, placodonts, and ichthyosaurs) Subclass Synapsida (stem or proto-mammals, progenitors...

an extinct superfamily of placodont marine reptiles from the Triassic period. It is one of the two main groups of placodonts, the other being Placodontoidea...

Reptiles of the Guanling biota include ichthyosaurs, thalattosaurs, placodonts, and Odontochelys (an early relative of turtles). Sedimentary events within...

fenestra. Examples of euryapsid reptiles include ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, placodonts, and Trilophosaurus. Diapsida – Two openings. A monophyletic group including...

Neenan, J. M.; Klein, N.; Scheyer, T. M. (2013). "European origin of placodont marine reptiles and the evolution of crushing dentition in Placodontia"...

groups of fossil fishes, ichthyosaurs, tanystropheids, nothosaurs and placodonts, among others). The holotype specimen of Ticinosuchus is composed of a...

length and 200 kg (440 lb) in weight. Placodus was among the largest placodonts, with a length of up to 3 m (9.8 ft). The largest nothosaur as well as...

Chelyoposuchus is an extinct genus of henodontid placodont found at the Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit, Halberstadt, Germany. The type species, C. crassisquamatus...

describing the herbivorous habits of Atopodentatus also suggests that the placodont Henodus was a herbivore as well. Cheng, L.; Chen, X. H.; Shang, Q. H.;...

Neenan, J. M.; Klein, N.; Scheyer, T. M. (2013). "European origin of placodont marine reptiles and the evolution of crushing dentition in Placodontia"...

Psephosauriscus is an extinct genus of placodont reptile from the Middle Triassic of Israel and Egypt. It is known from bony armor plates that have been...

with Henodus meaning "single tooth") is an extinct genus of henodontid placodont only known from a skull, discovered between 2008 and 2015 and described...

superfamily. Despite the dorsal vertebrae, which are very similar to those of placodonts, the genus lacks many of the autapomorphies characteristic of sauropterygians...

notable for its preservation of cnidarians. Nothosaurs, thalattosuchians, placodonts, and pistosaurs are also known from this Spanish exposure of Muschelkalk...

to these species that became extinct, the straight-shelled nautiloids, placodonts, bivalves, and many types of reptile did not survive through this age...

Cyamodontidae is an extinct family of superficially turtle-like placodonts belonging to the superfamily Cyamodontoidea. Fossils have been found in Germany...

but is also used when describing reptiles, including fossil turtles, placodonts, some mosasaurs and extinct crocodylians, invertebrates, as well as "bone-crushing"...

Protenodontosaurus is an extinct genus of placodont from Italy. Neenan, J. M.; Li, C.; Rieppel, O.; Bernardini, F.; Tuniz, C.; Muscio, G.; Scheyer, T...

and together with Helveticosaurus, they were originally thought to be placodonts, but later studies suggested relatedness to other sauropterygians and...

euryapsid skull, and originally the Trilophosaurs were classified with placodonts and sauropterygia. Carroll (1988) suggests that the lower opening may...

Psephochelys (meaning "pebbly turtle") is an extinct genus of placodont reptile from the Late Triassic of China. It is represented by a single species...

ichthyosaurs, the Permian diapsid Claudiosaurus germaini, champsosaurids, the placodont Placodus, Plesiosauria, the early snakes Simoliophis and Eupodophis, and...

Gorgosaurus, a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur Henodus (cameo), a placodont with an elaborate shell of the Late Triassic period Hesperornis, an extinct...

(MHI 1426/1-3 & SMNS 91007). A placodont. P. sp. Hoheneck near Ludwigsburg. Isolated plates (SMNS 91008 & 91009). A placodont. Rutiotomodon R. tytthos Schumann...

Macroplacus is an extinct genus of placodont reptiles. The type species is Macroplacus raeticus and the fossil record of this species dates back to the...

Glyphoderma is an extinct genus of placodont reptile from the Middle Triassic of China with two known species, G. kangi and G. robusta. It differs from...

specimen A Henodontidae placodont Placodontia Indeterminate Niederschönthal, Liestal Isolated remains Indeterminate placodont remains Plesiosauria Indeterminate...

the Troodontidae, all evolved an arctometatarsus, independently. Some placodonts (like Cyamodus, Psephoderma, Henodus and especially Placochelys) bear...

Philippe; Monod, Olivier; Westphal, Frank (1979). "A new marine fish and placodont reptile fauna of Ladinian age from southwestern Turkey". Neues Jahrbuch...

ichthyosauromorphs, and may instead suggest affinities with Helveticosaurus or placodonts. Grippia G. longirostris Vendomdalen Member (Grippia Niveau) A small basal...

palatine, it is unlikely that Omphalosaurus had palatine teeth akin to placodonts. Nonetheless, Omphalosaurus teeth could potentially number in the hundreds...

unoccupied for most of the Mesozoic ever since the extinction of the placodonts and the durophagous ichthyosaur Grippia. The rarity of the Globidensini...

Phalarodon cf. fraasi, the primitive ichthyosaur Xinminosaurus catactes, the placodont Placodus inexpectatus, the nothosaurs Lariosaurus hongguoensis and Nothosaurus...

live young. Another Lariosaurus skeleton was found with two juvenile placodonts of the genus Cyamodus in its stomach, giving an indication of its diet...

paleontologist Hans Conrad Peyer) in 1926 and they had five children. He named a placodont Cyamodus hildegardis in her honour in 1931. A street in Meride village...

dinosaurs, have a complete lower temporal bar. This is also the case in placodonts, Trilophosaurus, some rhynchosaurs, and choristoderes. Modern birds have...

reptiles including the plesiosaurs and the often superficially turtle-like placodonts, are themselves stem-turtles. This hypothesis had been previously investigated...

marine reptiles such as Tanystropheus, Helveticosaurus, Atopodentatus, placodonts or the thalattosaurs followed later in the Middle Triassic. The Anisian...

needed] Because of this, the trilophosaurs were once classified with placodonts within Sauropterygia. Carroll (1988) suggested that the lower opening...

familiar clades as the ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, nothosaurs, placodonts, sea turtles, thalattosaurs and thalattosuchians. After the mass extinction...

(2015). "The cranial anatomy of Chinese placodonts and the phylogeny of Placodontia (Diapsida: Sauropterygia): Placodont Cranial Anatomy and Phylogeny". Zoological...

Tintori, A. (2012). "Revised paleoecology of placodonts – with a comment on 'The shallow marine placodont Cyamodus of the central European Germanic Basin:...

Glyphoderma kangi, providing new information on the anatomy of the studied placodont. Ruciński et al. (2025) describe fossil material of a member of the genus...

marine reptiles of this formation. Among these are the shell-crushing placodonts Paraplacodus and Cyamodus. as well as pachypleurosaurs and nothosaurids...

45: 1–104. Rieppel, Olivier (2002). "The dermal armor of cyamodontoid placodonts (Reptilia, Sauropterygia): morphology and systematic value". Fieldiana...

Instead, they proposed Pappochelys was actually a sauropterygian related to placodonts while turtles were derived parareptiles. The claystone bed in which fossils...

lived in deep water. Its teeth are similar to those of some Triassic placodonts, so it may have lived a similar lifestyle, feeding on shellfish, large...

placodontiform affinities Placodus P. inexpectatus Yangjuan Village, Xinmin Upper Member A skeleton A medium-sized placodontid placodont, known from a...

often by biting the shell, like with oyster crackers, mosasaurs, and placodonts, or hammering at the shell, e.g. oystercatchers and crabs, or by simply...

the seas, including ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, nothosaurs, placodonts, sea turtles, thalattosaurs and thalattosuchians. Marine reptiles were...

Ankylosphenodon Dinocephalosaurus: Middle Triassic Tanystropheus: Middle Triassic Placodonts: Triassic Cyamodus Henodus Palatodonta Paraplacodus Placochelys Placodus...

deposits have also yielded 8 or 9 genera of Reptiles: a Crocodilian, a Placodont (the first record in Britain of this sub-order), and the dinosaurs Thecodontosaurus...

same event which killed the non-avian dinosaurs. Sauropterygians include placodonts, nothosaurs, plesiosaurs, and pliosaurs. During the Paleocene Epoch (about...

Tintori, A. (2012). "Revised paleoecology of placodonts – with a comment on 'The shallow marine placodont Cyamodus of the central European Germanic Basin:...

1127/0077-7749/2014/0382. Nicole Klein & Torsten M. Scheyer (2014). "A new placodont sauropterygian from the Middle Triassic of the Netherlands". Acta Palaeontologica...

thought it was the first member of a new group of reptiles related to placodonts or rhynchosaurs but it would actually come to be recognized as ichthyosaurian...

Sauropterygia, which includes many highly derived marine aquatic reptiles such as placodonts, nothosaurs, and plesiosaurs. Despite the controversy over the definition...

paleontologists regarded diadectids, along with other cotylosaurs (such as placodonts), to be close relatives of turtles. In most recent studies of early tetrapod...

Middle and Late Triassic placodonts from Europe, interpreted as suggestive of different diet composition of the studied placodonts (with some taxa unlikely...

S2CID 131337703. Li-Jun Zhao; Chun Li; Jun Liu; Tao He (2008). "A new armored placodont from the Middle Triassic of Yunnan Province, Southwestern China". Vertebrata...

is unique among eosauropterygians, but resembles the condition seen in placodonts. Da-Yong Jiang; Ryosuke Motani; Andrea Tintori; Olivier Rieppel; Guan-Bao...

Neenan, J. M.; Klein, N.; Scheyer, T. M. (2013). "European origin of placodont marine reptiles and the evolution of crushing dentition in Placodontia"...

de Miguel Chaves; Francisco Ortega; Adán Pérez-García (2018). "A new placodont from the Upper Triassic of Spain provides new insights on the acquisition...

Martin et al. (2015). A study on the growth patterns and strategies of placodonts is published by Klein et al. (2015). A study on the sexual selection and...

Cretaceous ichthyosaurs is published by Zverkov (2022). Description of two placodont dentaries from the Muschelkalk of the Netherlands and Germany, possibly...

Neenan; Nicole Klein & Torsten M. Scheyer (2013). "European origin of placodont marine reptiles and the evolution of crushing dentition in Placodontia"...

on the osteology and evolution of the temporal region of the skull of placodonts is published by Maisch et al. (2020). A study on the anatomy of the skull...

the morphology of the occlusal surface of placodont teeth and its implications for the diet of the placodonts is published by Crofts et al. (2017). New...

Youngina as a reference point for rooting the tree. Using a selection of placodonts resulted in a less resolved topology. Paleontology portal Xu, Guang-Hui;...