Observation deck

An observation deck, observation platform, or viewing platform is an elevated sightseeing platform usually situated upon a tall architectural structure, such as a skyscraper or observation tower. Observation decks are sometimes enclosed from weather, and a few may include coin-operated telescopes for viewing distant features.[citation needed]
List of public observation decks
| Rank | Name | Completion Year | Type | City | Deck height (m) | Total height (m) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burj Khalifa | 2010 | Skyscraper | 585[1] | 829.8 | Floors 152-154 (opened 2019). Additional decks on floor 148 (555m, opened 2014, which was the world's highest observation deck at its opening) and floors 124-125 (452m). | |
| 2 | Shanghai Tower | 2015 | Skyscraper | 562[2] | 632 | 121st floor; decks are also on 118th and 119th floors. | |
| 3 | Ping An Finance Centre | 2017 | Skyscraper | 562[2] | 599.1 | 115th floor (opened on February 10, 2018). | |
| 4 | Merdeka 118 | 2022 | Skyscraper | 510 | 678.9 | ||
| 5 | Canton Tower | 2010 | Steel tower | 488 | 604 | ||
| 6 | Lotte World Tower | 2017 | Skyscraper | 486 | 555 | ||
| Abraj Al Bait | 2011 | Skyscraper | 486 | 601 | |||
| 8 | Shanghai World Financial Center | 2008 | Skyscraper | 474[3] | 492.3 | 100th floor, decks also on levels 94 & 97. | |
| 9 | Tokyo Skytree | 2012 | Steel tower | 451.2 | 634 | Three additional observation decks at 340m, 345m, and 350m. | |
| 10 | Taipei 101 | 2004 | Skyscraper | 449.2 | 508.2 | The 101st floor indoor/outdoor rooftop observation deck opened to the public on June 14, 2019.[4] Two additional observation decks, outdoor on the 91st-floor and indoor on the 89th floor at 383.2 metres (1,257 ft).. | |
| 11 | CN Tower | 1976 | Concrete tower | 446.7 | 553.3 | Two additional observation decks at 342 m (outdoor) & 346 m (indoor). | |
| 12 | Willis Tower | 1974 | Skyscraper | 412.7 | 527.3 | 103rd floor; it is the highest observation deck (skydeck) and highest skywalk (skydeck glass balconies) in the United States [5][6][7][8] | |
| 13 | Sky100, International Commerce Centre | 2011 | Skyscraper | 393 | 484 | 100th floor; 360-degree indoor observation deck. | |
| 14 | One World Trade Center | 2014 | Skyscraper | 386.6 | 541.3 | Observation deck on the 100th, 101st and 102nd floors. | |
| 15 | Landmark 81 | 2019 | Skyscraper | 382 | 461 | Observation decks on 79th, 80th and 81st floors. | |
| 16 | Autograph Tower | 2025 | Skyscraper | 382.9 | 382.9 | Observation deck on 99th floor, it has the world’s highest outdoor pool and the highest skydeck in Southern Hemisphere.[9] | |
| 17 | Petronas Towers | 1998 | Skyscraper | 370 | 451.9 | Observation deck on 86th floor of tower 2; in addition there is the skybridge between the two towers on 41st and 42nd floors at 170 m. | |
| 18 | Empire State Building | 1931 | Skyscraper | 369[10] | 448.7 | 102nd floor; additional 86th floor deck (320 m). | |
| 19 | Iconic Tower | 2023 | Skyscraper | 360 | 394 | Observations on 74th, 75th and 76th floors. | |
| 20 | Lakhta Center | 2021 | Skyscraper | 357 | 462 | Observations on 84th, 85th 86th and 87th floors. | |
| 21 | Ciel Tower | 2025 | Skyscraper | 355 | 377 | Observation deck on 82rd floors, 76th floor (315 m) | |
| 22 | Oriental Pearl Tower | 1994 | Concrete tower | 351 | 467.9 | 15 observation levels, the highest one being outdoors | |
| 23 | The Strat | 1996 | Concrete Tower | 350 | 350.2 | Tallest observation tower in the U.S. | |
| 24 | Tuntex Sky Tower | 1997 | Skyscraper | 341 | 347.5 | 74th floor. | |
| 25 | Jin Mao Tower | 1998 | Skyscraper | 340.1 | 420.5 | 88th floor. | |
| 25 | 30 Hudson Yards | 2020 | Skyscraper | 340 | 387 | Observation decks on 100th and 101st floors. | |
| Ostankino Tower | 1967 | Concrete tower | 340 | 540.1 | Indoor deck is at 337 m. | ||
| 27 | John Hancock Center | 1969 | Skyscraper | 313.8 | 343.5 | 94th floor. | |
| 28 | Milad Tower | 2007 | Concrete tower | 312 | 435 | Top level. | |
| 29 | China World Trade Center Tower III | 2010 | Skyscraper | 311.8 | 330 | 81st floor. | |
| 30 | One Vanderbilt | 2021 | Skyscraper | 310 | 427 | Observations on 62nd and 63rd floors. | |
| 31 | Shun Hing Square | 1996 | Skyscraper | 298.1 | 384 | ||
| 32 | US Bank Tower | 1989 | Skyscraper | 297 | 310 | 69th (indoor and outdoor observation) and 70th floors (skyslide and events) CLOSED. | |
| 33 | Kingdom Centre | 2002 | Skyscraper | 290 | 302 | 41st floor. | |
| 34 | Abeno Harukas | 2014 | Skyscraper | 288 | 300 | 58th–60th floor (top floor). | |
| 35 | Zifeng Tower | 2010 | Skyscraper | 287 | 450 | ||
| 36 | Eureka Tower | 2007 | Skyscraper | 285 | 297.3 | Skydeck 88 is at a height of 285 m. | |
| 37 | King Power MahaNakhon | 2018 | Skyscraper | 281.6 | 314 | Observation deck on 74th, 76th, and 78th floors. | |
| Etihad Towers (Tower 2) | 2011 | Skyscraper | 281.6 | 305.3 | Observation deck at 300 is located on 75th floor. | ||
| 39 | Eiffel Tower | 1889 | Wrought iron lattice tower | 276.1 | 330 | 3rd floor. | |
| 40 | Menara Kuala Lumpur | 1996 | Concrete tower | 276 | 421 | ||
| 41 | Columbia Center | 1985 | Skyscraper | 275 | 284 | 73rd floor. | |
| 42 | Yokohama Landmark | 1993 | Skyscraper | 273 | 296 | 69th floor. | |
| 43 | One Liberty Place | 1987 | Skyscraper | 269 | 288 | 57th floor. | |
| 44 | Bank of America Plaza (Dallas) | 1985 | Skyscraper | 268.4 | 281 | 71st floor; additional on 70th floor at 264.6 metres (868 ft). | |
| 45 | JPMorgan Chase Tower | 1982 | Skyscraper | 268.2 | 305.4 | 60th floor. | |
| 46 | Sydney Tower | 1981 | Steel Tower | 268 | 309 | Main indoor observation deck; outdoor skywalk attraction on roof is located at 279 meters. | |
| 47 | Gran Torre Santiago | 2013 | Skyscraper | 261 | 300 | Observation deck named Sky Costanera is located on floors 61 and 62. | |
| 48 | GE Building | 1933 | Skyscraper | 259.1 | 259.1 | 70th floor ("Top of the Rock"). | |
| 49 | Tianjin Tower | 1991 | Concrete tower | 257 | 415.2 | ||
| 50 | 40 Wall Street | 1929 | Skyscraper | 255 | 283 | ||
| 51 | 22 Bishopsgate | 2020 | Skyscraper | 254 | 278 | Tallest free observation deck in Europe on the 58th floor. | |
| 52 | Osaka Prefectural Government Sakishima Building | 1995 | Skyscraper | 252 | 256 | ||
| 53 | Etihad Towers (Tower 1)[11] | 2011 | Skyscraper | 251.2 | 277.6 | ||
| 54 | 63 Building | 1985 | Skyscraper | 249 | 250 | 60th floor. | |
| 55 | Midland Square | 2007 | Skyscraper | 247 | 247 | 47th floor. | |
| 56 | Lotus Tower | 2019 | Concrete tower | |
245 | 356 | |
| 57 | The Shard | 2013 | Skyscraper | 244.8 | 306 | 72nd floor. | |
| 58 | Central Radio & TV Tower | 1992 | Concrete tower | 238 | 405 | ||
| 59 | Sunshine 60 | 1978 | Skyscraper | 237.6 | 239.8 | ||
| 60 | Federation Tower (Tower West) | 2008 | Skyscraper | 235[12] | 252 | 62nd floor. | |
| 61 | TK Elevator Test Tower | 2017 | Concrete tower | 232[13] | 246 | 30th floor (indoor and outdoor). | |
| 62 | Q1 | 2005 | Skyscraper | 230 | 323 | 77th floor (SkyPoint), with the function hall on the 78th[specify]. | |
| West Pearl Tower | 2006 | Concrete tower | 230 | 339 | |||
| Varso Tower | 2023 | Skyscraper | 230 | 310 | 50th and 53rd floor. | ||
| 65 | Shibuya Scramble Square | 2019 | Skyscraper | 229.7 | 229.7 | "SHIBUYA SKY" roof-deck on the top of the building. | |
| 66 | Roppongi Hills Mori Tower | 2003 | Skyscraper | 229.3 | 238 | 52nd floor (indoor) and 54th floor (roof-deck). | |
| 67 | Taipei Nan Shan Plaza | 2018 | Skyscraper | 228.5 | 272 | 46th floor (indoor). | |
| 68 | Europaturm | 1979 | Concrete tower | 227 | 337.5 | Since 1999, the Europaturm has been closed to the public. | |
| 69 | Tokyo Tower | 1958 | Steel truss tower | 223.5 | 332.6 | 6th floor. | |
| 70 | Macau Tower | 2001 | Concrete tower | 223 | 338 | ||
| 71 | Sky Tower | 1997 | Concrete tower | 220 | 328 | Skydeck observation deck on 60th floor. | |
| 72 | Tour Montparnasse | 1972 | Skyscraper | 209 | 209 | ||
| 73 | Fernsehturm Berlin | 1969 | Concrete tower | 207 | 368 | ||
| 74 | Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building | 1990 | Skyscraper | 202 | 243.4 | ||
| 75 | Main Tower | 1999 | Skyscraper | 200 | 240 | ||
| Sky Tower | 2012 | Skyscraper | 200 | 212 | Indoor observation deck located on 49th Floor. | ||
| Marina Bay Sands | 2010 | Skyscraper | 200 | 200 | |||
| 78 | Olympiaturm | 1968 | Concrete tower | 192 | 291 | ||
| 79 | Mohammed VI Tower | 2023 | Skyscraper | 190 | 250 | Observation deck on 54th and 55th floor. | |
| 80 | Vysotsky | 2011 | Skyscraper | 186 | 188.3 | Observation deck was opened on 3 May 2012.[14] | |
| 81 | Bitexco Financial Tower | 2010 | Skyscraper | 181 | 262.5 | 47th floor. | |
| 82 | Tower of the Americas | 1968 | Concrete tower | 176 | 229 | ||
| 83 | Rheinturm | 1979 | Concrete tower | 170 | 240.5 | ||
| Umeda Sky Building | 1993 | Skyscraper | 170 | 173 | |||
| Tallinn TV Tower | 1980 | Tower | 170 | 314 | |||
| 86 | Donauturm | 1964 | Concrete tower | 169.4 | 252 | ||
| 87 | Torre Latinoamericana | 1956 | Skyscraper | 166 | 188 | ||
| 88 | N Seoul Tower | 1975 | Steel tower | 168.3 | 236.7 | Tower sits atop Namsan Mountain. | |
| 90 | Vilnius TV Tower | 1980 | Tower | 165 | 326.5 | ||
| 91 | Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower | 2024 | Skyscraper | 160 | 325 | Observation deck on 33th and 34th floor. | |
| 92 | Space Needle | 1962 | Steel tower | 158.5 | 184.4 | ||
| 93 | Edifício Itália | 1966 | Skyscraper | 158 | 165 | ||
| 94 | Calgary Tower | 1968 | Concrete tower | 157.5 | 190.8 | ||
| 95 | Fernsehturm Stuttgart | 1956 | Concrete tower | 153 | 216.6 | ||
| 96 | Çamlıca Tower | 2020 | Concrete tower | 153 | 369 | ||
| 97 | Edifício Altino Arantes | 1947 | Skyscraper | 145 | 161 | ||
| 98 | Avala Tower | 2009 | Concrete tower | 135 | 204.5 | ||
| 99 | Mirante do Vale | 1967 | Skyscraper | 133 | 170 | ||
| 100 | Fukuoka Tower | 1989 | Tower | 123 | 234 | ||
| 101 | Kuwait viewing sphere | 1979 | Concrete tower | 120 | 187 | (1990 Liberation Tower of ~300 m is not open to public). | |
| 102 | Palace of Culture and Science | 1955 | Multi-function | 114 | 237 | Observation deck on 30th floor. | |
| 103 | Spinnaker Tower | 2005 | Tower | 110 | 170 | ||
| 104 | Millennium Center 2 office tower restaurant | 2016 | Skyscraper | 105 | 108 | ||
| 105 | Kyoto Tower | 1964 | Tower | 100 | 131 | ||
| 106 | Nagoya TV Tower | 1954 | Tower | 100 | 180 | ||
| 107 | Tashkent Tower | 1985 | Tower | 97 | 375 | ||
| 108 | Snezhanka Tower, Pamporovo, Bulgaria | 1978 | Concrete tower | 93 | 156 | ||
| 109 | Kobe Port Tower | 1963 | Tower | 90.8 | 108 | ||
| 110 | Statue of Liberty | 1886 | Statue | 91 | 93 | ||
| 111 | Sapporo TV Tower | 1957 | Tower | 90 | 147.2 | ||
| 112 | Tsūtenkaku | 1956 | Tower | 87.5 | 108 | ||
| 113 | City-Hochhaus Leipzig | 1972 | Skyscraper | 84 | 142.5 | 31st floor. | |
| 114 | Nebraska State Capitol | 1930 | Skyscraper | 75 | 120 | 14th floor. | |
| 115 | Arc de Triomphe | 1836 | Monument | 50 | 50 | Rooftop terrace. |
List of highest observation decks by type
| Type | Name and Location | Constructed | Height | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observation Skywalk over vertical cliff free drop | Tianmen Mountain Glass Skywalk, China[15] | 2016 | 1,430 m (4,690 ft) | |
| Observation deck inside a spire | Merdeka 118, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia[2] | 2023 | 566 m (1,857 ft) | |
| Enclosed observation deck on high-rise building | Shanghai Tower, Shanghai and Ping An Finance Centre, Shenzhen, China [2][disputed – discuss] | 2015 and 2017 | 562 m (1,844 ft) | |
| Outdoor observation deck on high-rise building | Burj Khalifa, Dubai, UAE[2][disputed – discuss] | 2014 | 555.7 m (1,823 ft) | |
| Skywalk over (artificial) waterfall free drop | Sky Corridor Waterfall Walkway, Huangteng Gorge, Guangdong, China[16] | 2018 | 500 m (1,640 ft) | |
| Observation deck on tower | Canton Tower, Guangzhou, China[2] | 2011 | 488 m (1,601 ft) | |
| Skywalk over high-rise building | Skydeck (The Ledge) observation deck glass balconies, Willis Tower, Chicago, United States[2] | 2009 | 412.4 m (1,353 ft) | |
| Outdoor pool | Autograph Tower, Jakarta, Indonesia[9] | 2025 | 382.9 m (1,256 ft) | |
| Skywalk over bridge | Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge, Zhangjiajie, China [17] | 2016 | 300 m (984 ft) | |
| Skywalk over glacier | Glacier Skywalk, Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada [18] | 2014 | 280 m (919 ft) |
Under construction
- 2030 (est) Burj Azizi, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. 649 m, Level 130
- 2029 (est) North Bund Centre, Shanghai, China. 394.5 m, Level 84
- 2028 (est) Jeddah Tower, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 634 m, Level 157
- 2027 (est)[19] Goldin Finance 117, Tianjin, China. 578.1 m, Level 116
- 2023 (est.) Merdeka 118, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 517.7 m, Level 117 (Spire observation level at 566 m)[20]
- 2030 (est.) Senna Tower, Balneário Camboriú, Brazil. 505 m, Level 140
- 2026 (est) Torre Rise, Monterrey, Mexico. 354 m, Level 93 and 365 m, Level 96
- 2028 (est.) Torch Tower, Tokyo, Japan. 352 m, Level 55
- 2027 (est) Taipei Twin Towers, Taipei, Taiwan. 347 m, Level 73
Approved
- 2025 (est.) Signature Tower Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. 515.8 m, Level 111
- 2030 (est.) Millennium Tower, Frankfurt, Germany. 280 m, Level 67[21]
Destroyed
- 2 World Trade Center, Top of the World observation deck, outdoor observation deck on top of building, 1,362 feet (415 m), World Trade Center (1973–2001), New York, United States - Destroyed during the September 11 attacks
Gallery
-
General view of Paris from the rooftop terrace of the Arc de Triomphe, c. 1840.
-
The 10 m observation deck of Ronda, Spain, overlooks the Depression of Ronda plain over 100 m below.
-
An observation deck place in Rokko Garden Terrace, Mount Rokkō, Kobe, Japan.
-
An observation deck in West Berlin with a view of Potsdamer Platz on the other side of the Berlin Wall, 1977. At the bottom of the steps a placard shows what the square looked like in 1929.
-
Brooklyn Bridge as viewed from the One World Observatory in New York City.
-
View from the Shanghai Tower observation deck.
-
Visitors on the observation deck of the Skylon Tower, which overlooks Niagara Falls.
-
The observation deck from the TK Elevator Test Tower, which overlooks Germany's Black Forest and the Alps.
-
Glass balconies attached to the St Eusebius Church in Arnhem, Netherlands.
-
Footage of the panoramic views during an 1898 ascent of the Eiffel Tower by the Lumière brothers.
See also
References
- ^ "Burj Khalifa Observation Deck". Retrieved 4 May 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g ctbuh. "World's Highest Observation Decks". www.ctbuh.org. Archived from the original on 28 October 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
- ^ "Shanghai World Financial Center -SWFC- | Official site of Shanghai Financial Center". www.swfc-shanghai.com. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
- ^ "Taipei 101 to open top floor to public for the first time". YouTube. 14 June 2019. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021.
- ^ "Sears Tower unveils 103rd floor glass balconies", USA Today, July 1, 2009.
- ^ "The Ledge at Skydeck Chicago". Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved May 15, 2011. SOM.com Project Page.
- ^ BJ Lutz (30 May 2014). "Coating on Willis Tower Skydeck's Ledge Cracks Under Tourists". Nbcchicago.com. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- ^ Sophie Lewis (12 June 2019). "Protective layer of Willis Tower's SkyDeck cracks under visitors' feet". cbsnews. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ^ a b https://en.tempo.co/read/2027347/up-at-thamrin-nine-experience-jakartas-highest-swing-and-glass-floor
- ^ "The Empire State Building". Wired New York. Archived from the original on 22 August 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
- ^ "Etihad Towers T1 - The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. 2013. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013.
- ^ "Смотровая площадка Башня Федерация". Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ^ "thyssenkrupp Elevator". TK Elevator (in German). Retrieved 6 April 2021.
- ^ "Открытие смотровой площадки в БЦ "Высоцкий"".
- ^ "Tianmen Mountain Glass Skywalk". Retrieved 18 March 2026.
- ^ "Visit Guangdong's Highest Sky Corridor Waterfall Walkway in China | the Asian Magazine".
- ^ "World's tallest and longest glass bridge closes after just two weeks". Dezeen. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
- ^ "Jasper National Park Glacier Skywalk Travel Information". Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
- ^ China has banned the construction of skyscrapers in 2021.
- ^ Watch the livestream to the Merdeka 118 Tower Spire Completion Ceremony here!, retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^ "Millennium-Tower: So grün wird Frankfurts neuer Rekord-Wolkenkratzer". Top Magazin Frankfurt (in German). 15 December 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
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