Mbiam

Mbiam is an Ibibio traditional oath and injunction. Mbiam is believed to be in different forms; in powdered form, liquid or aye (palm front leave).[1][2] Though they may have physical representation, the result is believed to be spiritually manifested. Mbiam can be used for different purposes, it can be used to detect innocence and guilt of an accused person, it can be used to keep people from breaking promises and it can also serve as an injunction.[3][4] In the 21st-century "Mbiam" is still used by several people, of recent apart from being used by traditional rulers it is also said to be used by politicians to keep its supporters loyalty in check.[5]

References

  1. ^ Westermann, Diedrich; Smith, Edwin William; Forde, Cyril Daryll (2008). Africa. Oxford University Press.
  2. ^ "African Books Collective: Witchcraft, Sorcery, Magic & Social Order Amoung [sic] the Ibibio of Nigeria". www.africanbookscollective.com. Retrieved 2018-05-26.
  3. ^ "$1bn Virgin City project: We are on the verge of losing our heritage — Community clan heads". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 2018-05-15. Retrieved 2018-05-26.
  4. ^ Dictionary of the Efïk language,: in two parts. I.- Efïk and English. II.- English and Efïk. Dunn & Wright, 47 West Nile Street. [Works - Stirling Road.] 1874.
  5. ^ Anietie, Usen. "EXPOSED! 2015 Election: Udom Takes Fetish Oath (Mbiam) To Protect Akpabio After Exit". Modern Ghana. Retrieved 2018-05-26.


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