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Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. The term includes some types of Rhodophyta (red), Phaeophyta...

deposits of the Monterey Formation in California. Several soft-bodied brown macroalgae, such as Julescraneia, have been found. Based on the work of Silberfeld...

(including cyanobacteria and phytoplankton) to seaweeds, multicellular macroalgae which may grow up to 50 metres (160 ft) in length. Most algae are aquatic...

Sargassum is a genus of brown macroalgae (seaweed) in the order Fucales of the class Phaeophyceae. This brown macroalgae comes from the Sargasso Sea, which...

a recurring Sargassum bloom in the Atlantic Ocean. It is the largest macroalgae bloom in the world to date. The GASB has ecological impacts on beaches...

mangroves and seagrass meadows can play in carbon sequestration. Whether macroalgae (seaweeds) can be considered blue carbon ecosystems remains contentious...

pollution in Negril, Jamaica: Effects on nutrition and ecology of coral reef macroalgae". Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. 29 (4): 775. Bibcode:2011ChJOL...

also known as sea grapes or green caviar in English. It is a siphonous macroalgae, meaning it is a giant single cell with multiple nuclei, and can grow...

Reconstruction of Tawuia as a coenocytic macroalgae with epibionts. Reconstruction of Tawuia as a coenocytic macroalgae lacking epibionts Reconstruction of...

bioprospecting of fungal communities associated with endemic and cold-adapted macroalgae in Antarctica". The ISME Journal. 7 (7). Nature Publishing Group: 1434–1451...

1 January 2009. Guiry, M. D.; Nic Dhonncha, E. N. (2001). "The Marine Macroalgae of Ireland: Biodiversity and Distribution in Marine Biodiversity in Ireland...

Sargassum horneri is a species of brown macroalgae that is common along the coast of Japan and Korea. It is an annual algae which has a varying fertile...

gambierol. The species was discovered attached to the surface of brown macroalgae. This species was first described by Adachi, R. & Fukuyo, Y in 1979 using...

heatwaves that have led to ocean stratification and decimated natural macroalgae ecosystems in many regions of the world. In addition, artificial structures...

Province Globular macroalgae. Parasolenopora P. subradiata Sichuan Province Macroalgae. Gleorrh Gleorrh sp. Sichuan Province Macroalgae. Epiphiton Epiphiton...

Padina is a genus of brown macroalgae in the family Dictyotaceae. There was 58 taxonomically accepted Padina species, considered to be a species rich genera...

biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane. When made from seaweed (macroalgae) it can be known as seaweed fuel or seaweed oil.  These fuels have no...

macroalgae group. The second option, which is used by the genus, Caulerpa, can be quite problematic in an aquarium. Some species of green macroalgae have...

Asparagopsis is a genus of edible red macroalgae (Rhodophyta). The species Asparagopsis taxiformis is found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions...

others can have a laxative and electrolyte-balancing effect. Most marine macroalgae are nontoxic in normal quantities, but members of the genus Lyngbya are...

their different feeding styles: sparisomatines feed on marine plants and macroalgae, while scarines feed on dead corals and rubble. Scarus globiceps (male)...

remains questionable), and isolated lateral sclerites (also questionable). Macroalgae rank fourth in species-level diversity behind arthropods, priapulids,...

phytoplankton, as well as the larger, more visible and complex multicellular macroalgae commonly called seaweed. Seaweeds are found along coastal areas, living...

Washington's Hood Canal, a habitat for many octopuses, phytoplankton and macroalgae die and create a dead zone. As these micro-organisms decompose, oxygen...

of prokaryotic life. Commonly called seaweed, Sargassum is a type of macroalgae. Like all algae, it produces oxygen. Based on 1975 measurements of oxygen...

latecarinata, which has been reported to cover more than 40% of the macroalgae's surface in some cases. Guiry MD, Guiry GM (eds.). "Sargassum natans (Linnaeus)...

Colpomenia is a genus of brown macroalgae (or seaweed) in the family Scytosiphonaceae. Colpomenia is currently composed of 11 confirmed species with Colpomenia...

Sinocylindra is an extinct genus of macroalgae that existed between the Ediacaran and Middle Cambrian periods. It is a part of the Chengjiang biota in...

rocks preserve some of the earliest known fossils of macroalgae, such as the benthic macroalgae from the Longfengshan biota of the Luotuoling Formation...

Codium is a genus of edible green macroalgae (or seaweed) under the order Bryopsidales. The genus name is derived from a Greek word that pertains to the...

worldwide. Bryopsis is one of the main genera of macroalgae contributing to this. Microbes break down the macroalgae that accumulate in the ocean and intertidal...

Sphacelaria is a genus of brown macroalgae (or seaweed) in the family Sphacelariaceae. The genus and its type species (Sphacelaria reticulata) were briefly...

the body. The animals are believed to have lived among seagrasses and macroalgae in the temperate shallow coastal waters of the western part of the central...

species of macroalgae, seaweed, that is part of the Udoteaceae, a larger family of algae. The P. Capitatus is a member of green macroalgae, Chlorophyta...

may increase the prevalence of invasive species. In Japanese corals and macroalgae, the unusual dispersal pattern of organisms toward the poles may destabilize...

between the 3 main groups of macroalgae (red, green and brown) because their evolutionary heritage is very diverse. Macroalgae is a polyphyletic group, meaning...

(July 2022). "Phyco-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Marine Macroalgae, Ulva fasciata Delile, Characterization, Antibacterial Activity, Photocatalysis...

microscopic, such as seaweed. Macroscopic protists (see also unicellular macroalgae →) The single-celled giant amoeba has up to 1000 nuclei and reaches lengths...

Jania is a genus of red macroalgae (or seaweeds) with hard, calcareous, branching skeletons in the family Corallinaceae. The genus name of Jania is derived...

abundance as biofilms, often associating with other organisms such as macroalgae and marine sponges. Planctomycetota are included in the PVC superphylum...

Udotea flabellum is a species of photosynthetic macroalgae. It is commonly found in shallow waters around Florida and Belize in sandy areas, sea grass...

pollution in the lagoon has long been a concern. The large phytoplankton and macroalgae blooms in the late 1980s proved particularly devastating. Researchers...

 lichenoides is specifically referred to as agal-agal or Ceylon agar. Macroalgae have been used widely as food by coastal cultures, especially in Southeast...

(also referred to as phytoplankton, microphytes, or planktonic algae). Macroalgae, commonly known as seaweed, also have many commercial and industrial uses...

and phycologist. He was recognised internationally for his work on the macroalgae of the Australian region. He worked at the Department of Botany of the...

boundary in North China. The order Cladophorales consists of filamentous macroalgae attached to a surface. The filaments are uniseriate (one cell thick) with...

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate f-ratio Fish diseases and parasites Heterotroph HNLC Macroalgae Manta trawl Marine mucilage Microbial mat Ocean acidification Marine microorganisms...

Palynivore: eating pollen Xylophage: eating wood Algivore: eating algae (both macroalgae and microalgae) Phytoplanktonivore: eating phytoplankton Omnivore: the...

that E. siliculosus will serve as a genetic and genomic model for brown macroalgae. The brown algae are members of the stramenopiles (along with organisms...

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate f-ratio Fish diseases and parasites Heterotroph HNLC Macroalgae Manta trawl Marine mucilage Microbial mat Ocean acidification Marine microorganisms...

found to coincide with the highest seasonal growth of the associated macroalgae (around April–August). However, there are also some important ecological...

The principal taxa were the marine macroalgae Fuxianospira, Sinocylindra, and Marpolia. No calcareous macroalgae are known from the period. No land plant...

which are found in both marine and freshwater environments. The BF are macroalgae, seaweed that usually do not grow to more than about 50 cm in length,...

packed cells. Gandvikia G. caudata Ribbon-shaped macroalgae. Mezenia M. kossovoyi Sausage shaped macroalgae. Serebrina S. crustacea Encrusting macroalgae....

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate f-ratio Fish diseases and parasites Heterotroph HNLC Macroalgae Manta trawl Marine mucilage Microbial mat Ocean acidification Marine microorganisms...

combinations of features known from both angiosperm land plants and marine macroalgae with new structural elements. Today, seagrasses are a polyphyletic group...

dissertation was Studying the Ecophysiological Responses of Native Hawaiian Macroalgae in a Changing World. She made her 10-hour trip to and from the Challenger...

solvents. Natural sources of dichloromethane include oceanic sources, macroalgae, wetlands, and volcanoes. However, the majority of dichloromethane in...

Syngnathidae. The species can be found in shallow water coral rubble and macroalgae habitats in the Western Atlantic from Providencia Island, Colombia, to...

contribute to the biodiversity found in these reefs such as macroalgae and sponges. Macroalgae, more commonly referred to as seaweed, are species of macroscopic...

North America, and South America. Its larval stage is associated with macroalgae as the species is a parasitoid of kelp flies. "Aleochara sulcicollis Report"...

algae, in the class Ulvophyceae. It is a diverse group of mostly marine macroalgae. The thallus is filamentous, highly branched, and may be packed into a...

was dominated by microbial and non-biological processes, animals (and macroalgae) became a dominant source of calcareous material in Ordovician deposits...

Hydrocharitaceae and Cabombaceae, Ceratophyllum, and Aldrovanda, and most macroalgae (e.g. Chara and Nitella). Most aquatic plants can, or prefer to, grow...

feeders are herbivores or algivores that graze on living aquatic plants and macroalgae, as is the case in gastropods, chitons and some sea urchin species. Lastly...

on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021. Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of Irish Biogeographical Society...

'plant', plants belonging to the benthos, mainly benthic diatoms and macroalgae (seaweed). Endobenthos (or endobenthic), prefix from Ancient Greek éndon...

New Zealand Threat Classification System has evaluated 38 species of macroalgae as Threatened and 23 as Data Deficient. Some of these species are only...

basidiomycetous fungi, as well as some multicellular organisms such as macroalgae and marine animals. Most research done on MAAs is on their light absorbing...

sea urchin populations "explode" in coastal waters and destroy all the macroalgae present. What was previously a kelp forest becomes an urchin barren that...

historic data sources. One example are the nitrogen isotope ratios in macroalgae. Primary production is a topic of interest among those who study the California...

mangroves and seagrass meadows can play in carbon sequestration. Whether macroalgae (seaweeds) can be considered blue carbon ecosystems remains contentious...

(April 2020). "Sea urchin grazing preferences on native and non-native macroalgae". Ecological Indicators. 111 106046. Bibcode:2020EcInd.11106046C. doi:10...

along the coastal zones of the gulf. In the Gulf of Maine, different kelp macroalgae species are found at various depths. At depths less than 5 meters, Alaria...

substrates such as stony bottoms, boulder fields and rocks. It is a perennial macroalgae with a life-span up to 10 years, that tolerates salinities down to 3.6...

algae. Juveniles have been observed to utilize the upper portions of macroalgae while the older individuals gather near the base of the plant. They prefer...

and the early Cambrian. Among the previously identified pre-Cryogenian macroalgae, Longfengshania is unique due to it possessing a stipe, blade, and holdfast-like...

Concise Review on the Potential Applications of Rugulopteryx okamurae Macroalgae". Mar. Drugs. 21 (1): 40. doi:10.3390/md21010040. PMC 9864944. PMID 36662213...

and may fight and possibly kill other fish. Tangs primarily graze on macroalgae from genera such as Caulerpa and Gracilaria, although they have been observed...

surface. Different groups of primary producers such as phytoplankton and macroalgae have different strategies for fixing carbon during photosynthesis and...

; Hughes, Ian V.; Droser, Mary L. (November 2020). "Probable benthic macroalgae from the Ediacara Member, South Australia". Precambrian Research. 350...

type species, Ascoseira mirabilis Skottsberg, is a large parenchymatous macroalgae, and is endemic to the Antarctic Ocean. Ascoseira is assigned to its own...

by-product from the third-generation ethanol production process (from macroalgae).[citation needed] Chronic systemic exposure of mice, rats, and Drosophila...

McCook, LJ; Willis, BL; Harrington, L (2008-06-30). "Chemical effects of macroalgae on larval settlement of the broadcast spawning coral Acropora millepora"...

inhibitors isolated from some species of Scytonema. A study comparing red macroalgae to Scytonema species showed their potential for cosmetical use, both for...

Engineered Microbial Platform for Direct Biofuel Production from Brown Macroalgae, Science, 2012-01-20 Davidson, Alan. Oxford Companion to Food (1999),...

warming. The primary adult habitat is rocky reefs, especially in areas with macroalgae, but they may visit adjacent seagrass patches. Juveniles also occur more...

purposes. Tropical marine refugiums often contain live rock and live sand, macroalgae, and sometimes scavenger microfauna such as micro brittle stars, tiny...

lancetfish in the Indian Ocean where a large amount (24.1%) of floating macroalgae was documented in the stomachs of exclusively adult (>100 cm) individuals...

relatively insignificant amounts. An extensive study of 30 species of polar macroalgae revealed the release of significant amounts of CH3Cl in only Gigartina...

Eckhard (2022-02-01). "Pilot scale photobioreactor system for land-based macroalgae cultivation". Journal of Applied Phycology. 34 (1): 507–516. doi:10...

in reef sand junctions, where with an abundance of sand and rocks. The macroalgae that cover the rock allows them to easily blend in with their environment...

Halimeda is a genus of green macroalgae. The algal body (thallus) is composed of calcified green segments. Calcium carbonate is deposited in its tissues...

broadly, this suggests that elemental analysis of historical samples of macroalgae can provide evidence of primary productivity processes. The species used...

Nelson is particularly interested in the biosystematics of seaweeds/macroalgae of New Zealand, with research on floristics, evolution and phylogeny,...

difference was the umami flavor from the addition of kombu, a species of brown macroalgae, and flakes of fish known as katsuobushi. He understood that kombu was...

organisms called phytoplankton. Larger autotrophs, such as the seagrasses and macroalgae (seaweeds) are generally confined to the littoral zone and adjacent shallow...

nature. It is an accessory pigment found in the chloroplasts of many brown macroalgae, such as Fucus spp., and the golden-brown unicellular microalgae, the...

Mesospora is a genus of macroalgae that was described by Anna Weber-van Bosse in 1911. Although considered a taxonomic synonym of Hapalospongidion, the...

Udotea occidentalis is a species of photosynthetic macroalgae. It is commonly found in shallow waters of the Western Atlantic, from Florida to Brazil....

the foodborne illness known as ciguatera. They are usually epiphytic on macroalgae growing on coral reefs. Gambierdiscus cells generally have a lenticular...

photosynthetic species, known as "algae", including various types of macroalgae that have a similar complexity to plants. Other protists have a fungus-like...

paleontology, by analyzing features present in fossil biota. Frondose macroalgae are relevant to the ecology of many marine and coastal ecosystems. Large...

refers to the technological applications of algae, both microalgae and macroalgae. This field deals with the utilization of physical, chemical and biological...

Nielsen, Birthe V.; Bailey, David (2015-10-05). "High-value products from macroalgae: the potential uses of the invasive brown seaweed, Sargassum muticum"...

threatened blackspot tuskfish and Bower's parrotfish, and 76 taxa of benthic macroalgae. The seagrass beds support 3 species of seagrass and can be found near...

clear. Some authors think they could come from toxins associated with macroalgae that accumulate in the flesh of the fish. Toxins from the green algae...

Darwin, 1 June 1834, Tierra del Fuego, Chile Physically formed by brown macroalgae, kelp forests provide a unique habitat for marine organisms and are a...

Sargassum linearifolium is a species of brown macroalgae that is common along the coast of southern Australia, though probably excluding Tasmania. The...

terrestrial green alga in the class Trebouxiophyceae. It is one of the few macroalgae species that can survive extreme temperatures. It is also known for its...

shelters in and feeds on. Caphyra rotundifrons has a diet specialized to the macroalgae Chlorodesmis fastigiata. Its use of this algae as a food source and habitat...

urchin eat algae. They eat all sizes of algae, from something as small as macroalgae to something as large as kelp, and have been known to eat Coralline algae...

they reach about 3 cm (1.2 in) in length; the diet is then switched to a macroalgae species. Several species have been used, including Lessonia variegata...

Psychological Society ISBN 0-9527115-16 Morton, O. 2003.no 27. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of Irish biogeographical Society...

An algae bioreactor is used for cultivating micro or macroalgae. Algae may be cultivated for the purposes of biomass production (as in a seaweed cultivator)...

seaweeds and small crustaceans. Its marine life is dominated by 52 taxa of macroalgae (seaweeds), including 16 Chlorophyceae (green algae), 19 Phaeophyceae...

five macroalgae farmed for products such as food, chemicals and power. Those five genera contribute to 76% of the total tonnage for farmed macroalgae. Laminaria...

Epiphytic Bacterial and Archaeal Ammonia Oxidizers of Marine Red and Brown Macroalgae Fenella Mary War Nongkhlaw, S.R. Joshi . 2014. Distribution pattern analysis...

antitumor, and anti-inflammatory compounds are widespread among intertidal macroalgae and deep-sea coral reef invertebrates from the central Cantabrian Sea"...

(2009). "Heteromorphic and isomorphic alternations of generations in macroalgae as adaptations to a seasonal environment". Evolutionary Ecology Research...

microphytes, or planktonic algae, constitute the majority of cultivated algae. Macroalgae commonly known as seaweed also have many commercial and industrial uses...

on harmful macroalgae. Macroalgae damage Elkhorn coral by producing toxic chemicals and by decreasing the nearby available oxygen. Macroalgae can further...

environments, creating what biologists call an urchin barren, devoid of macroalgae and associated fauna. Sea urchins graze on the lower stems of kelp, causing...

involves complex food webs which include primary producers (vascular plants, macroalgae, diatoms, epiphytes, and phytoplankton), primary consumers (zooplankton...

names. In 1900, she published the first of a number of papers on the macroalgae genus Halimeda, working with a collection of specimens that had been brought...

Refugium: An accessory tank dedicated to the cultivation of beneficial macroalgae and microflora/fauna. The refugium and sump are often housed in a single...

cold and warm waters around the Galápagos Islands, killing many of the macroalgae at the base of the food chain and increasing predation on the survivors...

transport materials is also thought to benefit macroalgal organisms, as macroalgae propagules can be carried to different microenvironments, thus influencing...

Santiago R.; Saravia, Leonardo A.; Momo, Fernando R. (2018). "Effects of macroalgae loss in an Antarctic marine food web: Applying extinction thresholds to...

Handbook of Phycological Methods. Vol. 4. Ecological Field Methods: Macroalgae. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 161–175. ISBN 9780521249157...

Padina sanctae-crucis is a species of brown macroalgae in the family Dictyotaceae. It is a tropical brown algae species native to the south pacific that...

Ireland. Ulster Museum.ISBN 0-900761-28-8 Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of Irish biogeographical Society...

industry effluent on abundance and community structure of rocky intertidal macroalgae of the Arabian Sea, Gujarat, India". Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences...

species of benthic diatoms, 118 waterbirds, 857 macrobenthos, 152 marine macroalgae, 47 endemic and 5 endangered marine invertebrate species have been recorded...

the anemone grows well under the canopies of macroalgae rather than outside of them. Species of macroalgae that the strawberry anemone live under include...

blooms, other species' leaves, twigs, and roots, mountain sorrel and macroalgae (seaweed). Arctic hare diets are more diverse in summer. Although previously...

Udoteaceae (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) consists of multinucleated green macroalgae found in tropical regions. Udotea is described to have an erect thalli...

on various organisms such as bivalves, fish and, to a lesser extent, macroalgae. They are excellent swimmers, largely due to a pair of flattened legs...

milkfish, sea spiders, and tiger perch. More than 76 species of marine macroalgae are associated with the mangroves. Species such as Sargassum dentifolium...

of attachment into the biofilm allow secondary colonizers of spores of macroalgae (e.g. Enteromorpha intestinalis, Ulothrix) and protozoans (e.g. Vorticella...

Gaitán-Espitia J.D. "Metabolic rates and primary productivity of the marine macroalgae Dictyopteris delicatula in Taganga Bay, Colombian Caribbean" (PDF). Revista...

from the reef. Macroalgae, or seaweed, have the potential to cause reef collapse because they can outcompete many coral species. Macroalgae can overgrow...

The adults are herbivorous and feed with their rhipidoglossan radula on macroalgae, preferring red or brown algae. Sizes vary from 20 mm (25⁄32 in) (Haliotis...

dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride have been isolated from macroalgae. A majority of the chloromethane in the environment is produced naturally...

Chaetomorpha and Caulerpa) do. However, they are suitable for a macroalgae display tank, and thus macroalgae suppliers often carry species of Acetabularia. Largest...

A.; Hay, Cameron (2019). "The biogeographic importance of buoyancy in macroalgae: a case study of the southern bull-kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae)...

team at JCU along with CSIRO performed in vitro tests on 30 tropical macroalgae species using an artificial cow stomach. Dried seaweed biomass was mixed...

(both are U.S. territory), to domination by macroalgae (including species of Halimeda (green macroalgae), Caulerpa, Avrainvillea, Dictyosphaeria and...

renamed in a description by Postels and Ruprecht. Nereocystis is a brown macroalgae that derives chemical energy from photosynthesis. Nereocystis in particular...

prefer a more cryptic existence in areas of dense branching corals, bushy macroalgae, or seagrasses, while larger individuals and adults prefer limited home...

attached to small igneous rocks at the mid-intertidal region with no other macroalgae present. Nearby large rocks were covered with patches of Lyngbya and other...

deforestation, covers up coral reefs and helps support the growth of macroalgae. Consequently, a majority of the dead corals in the area are now buried...

April 2014). "Estimating variation in surface emissivities of intertidal macroalgae using an infrared thermometer and the effects on temperature measurements"...

G.; O'Doherty, J.V.; Sweeney, T. (2017-09-01). "Polysaccharides from macroalgae: Recent advances, innovative technologies and challenges in extraction...

G.; O'Doherty, J.V.; Sweeney, T. (2017-09-01). "Polysaccharides from macroalgae: Recent advances, innovative technologies and challenges in extraction...

A.; Hay, Cameron (2019). "The biogeographic importance of buoyancy in macroalgae: a case study of the southern bull-kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae)...

nov. two novel planctomycetes isolated from the epiphytic community of macroalgae" (PDF). Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 38 (1): 8–15. doi:10.1016/j...

History Museum, London ISBN 0-11-310045-0 Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of Irish biogeography Society No...

Rocky; Tomkins, Nigel (2014-01-22). "Effects of Marine and Freshwater Macroalgae on In Vitro Total Gas and Methane Production". PLOS ONE. 9 (1) e85289...

of adults. The animals are believed to have lived among seagrasses and macroalgae in the temperate shallow coastal waters of the western part of the central...

of Copper (II) Species to Marine Algae, with Particular Reference to Macroalgae". Journal of Phycology. 33 (1): 2–11. Bibcode:1997JPcgy..33....2G. doi:10...

a horny capsule with long tendrils. Egg cases are mostly deposited on macroalgae in shallow coastal waters. When the egg cases are deposited farther from...

including flowering plants, conifers, cycads, ferns, bryophytes, lichens, macroalgae and fungi. The collection includes 805 of the specimens Joseph Banks and...

from the biofilm that covers the surface of mud in estuaries or bays. Macroalgae that are readily consumed include Ulva lactuca and Ulva intestinalis;...

Brooke formation in the northern Cordillera." The survival of benthic macroalgae indicates that there remained areas of suitable habitat for them in the...

Struvea is a genus of green macroalgae (or seaweed) in the family Boodleaceae. This genus was founded by Otto Wilhelm Sonder in 1845 and was named in honor...

as well as reef environments. It lives in tandem with seagrass beds, macroalgae banks, rhodolith beds and coral rubble. The shell of this species has...

snuffleupagus exhibits orange to red body coloration, closely matching the red macroalgae in its environment. Adults typically display bright orange or red coloration...

all phyla, such as juvenile and adult fish, epiphytic and free-living macroalgae and microalgae, mollusks, bristle worms, and nematodes. Few species were...

Sánchez-Lizaso, José Luis; Sáez, Claudio A. (2023). "Desalination effects on macroalgae (part b): Transplantation experiments at brine-impacted sites with Dictyota...

ISBN 978-3-662-55494-4. Michalak, I., Messyasz, B. Concise review of Cladophora spp.: macroalgae of commercial interest. J Appl Phycol 33, 133–166 (2021). https://doi...

Waddell Creek, and Point Cabrillo. It may live on hydroids, eelgrass, or macroalgae. It may also be found as deep as 27 m (89 ft). Orienthella trilineata...

provides a strong source of free iodine and iodide to reef inhabitants and macroalgae. Although the solution is thought to be effective when used with stony...

greater portion of the biomass. On the sea bottom there are 34 species of macroalgae and at least 500 species of macrofauna. Most common are crustaceans such...

Shijian; Madill, Max; Champagne, Pascale (April 2018). "Use of freshwater macroalgae Spirogyra sp. for the treatment of municipal wastewaters and biomass production...

86°C. It prefers inshore bottom waters that are rocky and covered in macroalgae, which it feeds and lay eggs. Emerald rockcod spawn from October to November...

down to about 55 m (180 ft). Where degraded coral reefs have abundant macroalgae, it has been shown experimentally that the coral larvae will settle in...

characteristic of the genus Aglaophenia. The colonies attach primarily to floating macroalgae and are epiphytic in nature. A. latecarinata naturally occurs in the tropical...

which are found to threaten the natural local biodiversity, are bacteria, macroalgae, microalgae, pseudofungi, fungi, mosses, vascular plants, comb jellies...

yeasts, or multicellular, as in animals, plants, most fungi, and seaweed (macroalgae). Multicellular organisms are made up of many different types of cell...

Before You Die. Retrieved 17 April 2021. Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin Irish Biogeographical Society no...

strombid gastropods are herbivorous animals. L. galeatus feeds primarily on macroalgae, and occasionally on detritus. The giant conch is preyed upon by invertebrates...

by the older glacial Luoquan Formation. The formation is dominated by macroalgae forms, like Glomulus, alongside tubular forms such as Wutubus and Shaanxilithes...

which the circulation can reach the seafloor observed the aggregation of macroalgae Colpomenia sp. in the sea floor of shallow waters (~5 m) in Great Bahama...

Stigmaptopora argus has a prehensile tail that it uses to clasp seagrass or macroalgae. It feeds on small crustaceans, including copepods and mysids. Carlyle...

harvest, and control predation (Mussel farmers must remove predators and macroalgae during the growth cycle). Raft culture: Raft culture is a commonly used...

phycotoxins produced by marine microalgae; however, freshwater algae and macroalgae are known phycotoxin producers and may exhibit analogous ecological dynamics...

significant part of bacterial communities connected to phytoplankton, macroalgae, and several marine animals. Different lifestyles such as mutualistic...

mangroves and seagrass meadows can play in carbon sequestration. Whether macroalgae (seaweeds) can be considered blue carbon ecosystems remains contentious...

Adults either live in pairs or solitarily, and is omnivorous, feeding on macroalgae, sponges and tunicates. When alarmed, the species can make loud, grunting...

Since this time some Caribbean reefs have been overgrown by foliose macroalgae. This inhibits coral growth and has further compounded the ongoing decline...

Press, Plymouth, UK ISBN 978-0-9955673-3-7 Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society...

a billion tons of carbon every year. They also live as multicellular macroalgae, or seaweeds, settled along rocky ocean shores. Most species of Chlorophyta...

to kelp species, it is not in the order Laminariales. In general, this macroalgae is affected by ultraviolet light and avoids shallow waters in the sunny...

up to four broods per year. M. squinado has been documented to feed on macroalgae and benthic invertebrates. From a 1992 study done in Galicia, seaweeds...

complexity of the reef Sometimes, the preyed surfaces are further invaded by macroalgae, soft coral, and sponges. These tend to take over reef surfaces for long...

capabilities in both carbon dioxide fixation and wastewater treatment. Algae, macroalgae, and microalgae hold promise in addressing critical global challenges...

career Thesis Community analysis of epiphytic diatoms from selected species of macroalgae collected along the Texas coast of the Gulf of Mexico (1983)...

middle of the larger Liuchapo Formation. The formation mainly preserves macroalgae, but lacks metazoan remains, making correlation with other sites difficult...

epiphytic algae from the leaves of sea grasses while the adults prefer macroalgae. The spines in the dorsal, anal and pectoral fins are grooved and each...

primarily feeds on small invertebrates, but may also consume detritus, macroalgae and animal carcasses found near its burrow. In symbiotic pairs, gobies...

under the Ramsar Convention. In general Bonaire reef ecosystem has fewer macroalgae, a higher coral cover and more young corals per square metre than comparable...

made up of red and green macroalgae and it is one of the few herbivorous fishes that is able to eat the chemically rich macroalgae Chlorodesmis fastigata...

while juveniles are solitary. They feed primarily on filamentous algae, macroalgae and plankton, but individuals in the Red Sea have been regularly observed...

water produced as a byproduct. Without explicit human support, marine macroalgae (seaweed) has been expanding its footprint across the oceans, accelerating...

some seamounts that peaks at 200–300 metres below the surface benthic macroalgae is common. The sedimentary infauna is dominated by polychaete worms. For...

Mezenia is a genus of macroalgae described by Boris Sokolov in 1976. Mezenia lived in Eurasia during the Ediacaran between 560 and 551 Ma. Mezenia kossovoyi...

biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane. When made from seaweed (macroalgae) it can be known as seaweed fuel or seaweed oil.  These fuels have no...

automatic reactor trip. The blockage was caused in part by seasonally-present macroalgae, and EDF is pursuing possible solutions to prevent its recurrence with...

original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019. Morton, O. 2003. "The macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland". Bull. Ir. Biogeog. Soc.; No. 27: 3-164. Seán...

colonial bryozoans, extinct Ediacaran biota such as rangeomorphs, and some macroalgae and lichens. In paleontology of Ediacaran marine organisms, a frond may...

natural habitats include Zostera seagrass beds, sponges, kelp holdfasts, macroalgae, and corals, but it can also be found under jetties and on other anthropogenic...

Vayda, P. J.; Birolini, E.; Xiao, S. (2026). "Ediacaran-type vendotaenid macroalgae in an Ordovician Lagerstätte". Lethaia. 59 (2): 1–17. Bibcode:2025Letha...

Suryanarayan and the 4 co-founders sought to research the viability of macroalgae (seaweed) as a fuel source. To do this, they needed a way to efficiently...

food is natural (known as lab-lab) or a combination of phytoplankton and macroalgae. Traditionally, this was made on site; food is now made commercially to...

herbivores' diets consist of primarily algae. Most saltwater fish will eat both macroalgae and microalgae. Many fish eat red, green, brown, and blue algae, but some...

usually anchored to loose substrates like gravel and pebbles or other macroalgae and eelgrass. C. filum grow at an average of 17 cm (6.7 in) per month...

buoyancy with sexual maturity. Turbinaria is one of the principal genera of macroalgae that have been observed to take over degraded reefs following losses in...

brachiopods and echinoids, which lived on the seabed. Radiolarians and macroalgae are also known in the formation, though the latter may have been washed...

phytoplankton, invertebrates, small fry and vegetation ranging from macroalgae to rooted plants. This broad diet helps the species thrive in diverse...

Cellana radiata, is cosmopolitan. These sea snails feed by grazing on green macroalgae growing on rocky substrate in the intertidal zone. Some of these limpets...

previously flourishing coral reefs are taken over by thick layers of macroalgae. This inhibits further coral growth because the algae produces antifouling...

octocorals, sea stars, sea pens, sea urchins, sponges, submerged wood and macroalgae. They are rarely found in direct association with reefs or hard corals...

discovered in tropical waters near Ecuador. Physically formed by brown macroalgae, kelp forests provide a unique habitat for marine organisms and are a...

Press, Plymouth.UK ISBN 978-0-9955673-3-7 Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of Irish biogeographical Society...

the water due to pollution from human waste, which feeds the growth of Macroalgae species (seaweed). The coral reefs of the Solomons are predominantly fringing...

'shovels', and the rigid structure operates like a rasp, scraping at hardened macroalgae. Accordingly, docoglossan radulae are often hardened by biomineralization...

have also been experimentally isolated from red macroalgae (Porphyra yezoensis) and green macroalgae (Ulva fenestrate). Isolates of related Flavobacteria...

2020). Buschmann, A. (ed.). "The Biogeographic Importance of Buoyancy in Macroalgae: A Case Study of the Southern Bull-Kelp Genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae)...

algae, is an Eastern Pacific species in the Codium genus of marine green macroalgae (green seaweed). It was described by in 1919 by N.L. Gardner. The holotype...

Phycological Society for his studies on the phytochemistry of South African macroalgae. In 1993, he graduated from the South African University of Natal-Pietermaritzburg...

in Marine Specialist Herbivores: Ascoglossan Sea Slugs on Introduced Macroalgae". Ecological Monographs. 71 (2): 219–243. doi:10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071[0219:HPCIMS]2...

W.; Amornlerdpison, D.; Lailerd, N. (2021). "Characteristics of red macroalgae, Caloglossa beccarii DeToni from freshwater for food as safe and other...

Ulster Museum, Belfast ISBN 0-900761-28-8 Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of Irish biogeographical Society...

filefish feed primarily on algae and zoobenthos. This species consumes macroalgae such as seaweed, microalgae, tubeworms and small crustaceans including...

ranging from 5-10°C. The vegetation found here are mainly bryophytes, and macroalgae, such as chrysophytes, chlorophytes, cyanophytes and rhodophytes. For...

Introduced Species: Descriptions. MIT Sea Grant. Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of Ireland biogeography Society No...

Rita; Rodrigues, Francisca; P. P. Oliveira, M. (25 December 2017). "Macroalgae-Derived Ingredients for Cosmetic Industry—An Update". Cosmetics. 5 (1):...

pollution in Negril, Jamaica: effects on nutrition and ecology of coral reef macroalgae". Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. 29 (4): 775–789. Bibcode:2011ChJOL...

the glacials. High magnitude glacial retreats favoured the survival of macroalgae. Because about half of the oceans' water was frozen solid as ice, the...

Freile-Pelegrin, Yolanda (2007-02-27). "Antioxidant activities in tropical marine macroalgae from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico". Journal of Applied Phycology. 19...

Species of macroalgae...

macroalgal beds and seagrasses. Individuals have also been found on floating macroalgae, rock reefs, jetty habitats, and sponge reefs below depths of 15 metres...

Pereyra, Ricardo T. (2015-09-09). "Complex spatial clonal structure in the macroalgae Fucus radicans with both sexual and asexual recruitment". Ecology and...

It occurs down to a depth of 10 metres (33 ft) where it is found on macroalgae and within seagrass beds, its favoured substrate to adhere to is the leaves...

spikey flowers. Turbinaria ornata can alter its morphology and strength of macroalgae in response to hydrodynamic forces. Widely distributed in the central...

is found along the coastline, and in a 1993 study, some 18 species of macroalgae were recorded at depths varying between 4–7 metres (13–23 ft). The species...

especially the 1982–83 El Niño event. This event killed much of the macroalgae in the area, and D. tropica likely declined from overgrazing by herbivores...

S., F. Mamboya, M. Mtolera, A. Semesi and M. Björk. 1998. The brown macroalgae Pakina boergesenii as an indicator of heavy metal contamination in the...

and development into high value products created from microalgae and macroalgae, as well as increasing attention to cyanobacterial synthetic biology....

Vucko, Matthew J.; Machado, Lorenna; Tomkins, Nigel W. (2016). "The red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis is a potent natural antimethanogenic that reduces...

S2CID 131108674. Retrieved 15 September 2012. Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin Irish Biogeographic Society 27: 3...

History Museum, London ISBN 0-11-310045-0 Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of Irish biogeographical Society...

Alma mater University College London Known for Research into ecology of macroalgae Partner Norman Jones Children 2 Scientific career Fields Phycology Institutions...

nov. two novel planctomycetes isolated from the epiphytic community of macroalgae" (PDF). Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 38 (1): 8–15. doi:10.1016/j...

mangroves and seagrass meadows can play in carbon sequestration. Whether macroalgae (seaweeds) can be considered blue carbon ecosystems remains contentious...

significant contributions to the taxonomy, ecology, and physiology of macroalgae worldwide. The Littlers have authored over 195 publications, including...

feeds on marine worms, hydroids, small crustaceans, molluscs, diatoms, macroalgae and detritus. It eats both fresh and rotting kelp (S. latissima) but the...

(Phaeophyta) in Ireland. Ir. Nat. J. 23:380 - 381 Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bull. Ir. biogeog. Soc. 27: 3 - 164 Lynn,...

which forms pairs for spawning. This species is omnivorous and feeds on macroalgae, as well as benthic invertebrates such as polychaetes, crustaceans, hydroids...

(490 ft) of the ocean bank, sponges and algae such as Halimeda green macroalgae have been observed. Expeditions in 2014 and 2016 revealed a mesophotic...

A.; Hay, Cameron (2019). "The biogeographic importance of buoyancy in macroalgae: a case study of the southern bull‐kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae)...

career Thesis The effects of biomechanical and ecological factors on population and community structure of wave-exposed, intertidal macroalgae (1994)...

types of Rhodophyta (red), Phaeophyta (brown) and Chlorophyta (green) macroalgae. The seaweed ecology is unusually varied for an area of this size, as...

release: Efficient methods for disposal of excess or unwanted aquarium macroalgae in the genus Chaetomorpha. Invasive Plant Science and Management 7(1)...

mainly live in sheltered areas such as coral reefs, seagrass beds or among macroalgae. Some species are most often found on or in coral rubble and sand or mud...

Shuang; He, Peimin (2023-03-01). "A review of volatile compounds in edible macroalgae". Food Research International. 165 112559. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023...

oyster on its farm leases to diversify the ecosystem of the farms. The macroalgae farming in the salmon cages also absorb pollution, such as chemicals and...

rich in food resources, including a variety of benthic invertebrates and macroalgae dominated by sea lettuce (Ulva latuca). These rich food resources attract...

found in or just above sandy or muddy substrates, around the base of macroalgae, especially red algae, or seagrass and close to or within coral reefs...

species have been reported as a dominant species leading to blooms of green macroalgae often referred to as “green tides.” These green tides and marine fouling...

Ireland. Ulster Museum. ISBN 0900761288. Morton, O. (2003). "The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland". Bulletin of Irish Biogeographical Society...

sub-Antarctic islands of the Indian Ocean sector. N. coriiceps feeds on macroalgae amphipods and euphausiids. It appears to feed year-round, although diet...

"Coral-macroalgal interactions: Herbivory and substrate type influence growth of the macroalgae Eucheuma denticulatum (NL Burman) Collins & Hervey, 1917 on a tropical...

substrates and low-relief hard structures, frequently among feathery red macroalgae. The first known photograph of a living specimen was taken on the Fleurieu...

years and was refurbished in 2022. "Saipan lagoon flora: seagrass and macroalgae". Saipan Tribune. July 27, 2005. "MHS tourism club cleans up beach". Saipan...

especially in tropical reefs, where they promote a balance between corals and macroalgae. Herbivorous fish include: Acanthurus lineatus or lined surgeonfish (also...

W.; Amornlerdpison, D.; Lailerd, N. (2021). "Characteristics of red macroalgae, Caloglossa beccarii DeToni from freshwater for food as safe and other...

Newsletter. 33: 13–15. Nelson, W.A.; D'Archino, R. (2014). "Three new macroalgae from the Three Kings Islands, New Zealand, including the first southern...

Ireland. Proc. R. Ir. Acad. 54B(6):97 – 139 Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bull. Ir. biogeog. Soc.27: 3 – 164 "Lough...

Kaczmarczyk, Donald; Cole, Kathleen M. (1986). "Distribution of stream macroalgae in south-central Alaska". Hydrobiologia. 135 (3): 259–269. Bibcode:1986HyBio...

and invasive species. Other forms of threats they face are from guano, macroalgae and egg harvesting. There have been three major oil spills in the past...

they appear to sensors, researchers can map habitat types, including macroalgae, corals, seagrass beds, and more. Mapping shallow-water environments requires...

offs. The juveniles feed on filamentous algae while the adults feeds on macroalgae and on sponges of the order Monaxonida. This species produces venom in...

not contain spicules. At least some Siphopteron species are found on macroalgae and seagrasses. Gastroperids are simultaneous hermaphrodites. Siphopteron...

from that no major damages were there. "MBRC Database on seaweeds and macroalgae" (PDF). Retrieved 4 June 2011. "Thirumullavaram beach". Thirumullavaram...

1841. A Manual of the British Algae. London Morton, O. 2003 The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society...

methods. "Seaweed" is one of the common names given to multicellular macroalgae, such as green algae (Chlorophyta), brown algae (Phaeophyceae), and red...

helps to reduce the effects of shading, as well as the overgrowth of macroalgae. Despite the polyps being equipped with nematocysts, various species prey...

16.38% in 2012 at the Buccoo Reef Complex. Over the 2010–2012 period, macroalgae species increased from 15.87% cover to 37.90% cover in the Buccoo Reef...

10, 2011. Burger, J; et al. (October 2006). "Radionuclides in marine macroalgae from Amchitka and Kiska Islands in the Aleutians: establishing a baseline...

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate f-ratio Fish diseases and parasites Heterotroph HNLC Macroalgae Manta trawl Marine mucilage Microbial mat Ocean acidification Marine microorganisms...

As its name suggests, is an endophyte of marine red and brown algae macroalgae. Endophyton consists of uniseriate filaments that penetrate the medulla...

breakwaters on rocks and in crevices, where it coexists with seaweed, or macroalgae. Images of the dead framework on this page were taken on a beach beside...

bed". 2024-03-02. Retrieved 2024-03-07. Nelson, W (2009). "Calcified macroalgae – critical to coastal ecosystems and vulnerable to change: a review"....

described as "a conspicuous, thick, brownish mucilage layer covering benthic macroalgae". Under certain conditions, dinoflagellates can become very numerous and...

Because it is one of a small number of species that consumes fleshy macroalgae (seaweed), it is of great importance to coral reef ecosystems. Bluespine...

in the thallus stage, are one of the most common taxonomic groups of macroalgae. In Poland, occurrences are scattered throughout the country, with more...

Contractile-roots or Pull-roots – Haptera – root-like projections found in macroalgae or lichens that anchor the organism to a rocky substrate. Protective functions...

habitats with mixtures of sand with light seagrass, reefs with sponges, macroalgae, sessile invertebrates. This same study concluded that juveniles fed on...

juveniles are placed upright inside a cover such as a reef crevice; or under macroalgae as a means of predator protection. The success of released individuals...

(20 to 89 ft) on sand beds, and among Halimeda kanaloana, a species of macroalgae. This slug can swim, and will do so when disturbed. It is active during...

green sea turtle is an herbivore and feeds primarily on seagrass and macroalgae. Two toxins which are suspected to be associated with FP are found epiphytically...

Engineered Microbial Platform for Direct Biofuel Production from Brown Macroalgae". Science. 335 (6066): 308–313. doi:10.1126/science.1214547. ISSN 0036-8075...

hard mud, sand, gravel, maerl or stones. They can also be found among macroalgae. They are nocturnal and during the day they have a somewhat cryptic behavior...

but it has not yet been researched fully. Asterina stellifera feeds on macroalgae, bryozoans, tunicates, polyps, and biofilm as well as different types...

coral rubble (16.7%), turf and fleshy algae (11.6%) and Halimeda (green macroalgae) (10.4%). The dominance of coral and coralline algae indicates healthy...

channels may be important for the movement and concentration of drift macroalgae, and a variety of red algae, upon which white abalone are known to feed...

of Placodus gigas (Reptilia) and other placodontids — Middle Triassic macroalgae feeders in the Germanic Basin of central Europe — and evidence for convergent...

ice. Geomyces pannorum has also been associated with Antarctic marine macroalgae and deep-sea ecosystems. It is one of the most common fungi isolated in...

consists of lichens, cyanobacteria, diatoms, microalgae, and foliose macroalgae. As our climate continues to get warmer it causes thermal stress and mortality...

other Strombidae, Aliger gigas is a specialized herbivore, that feeds on macroalgae (including red algae, such as species of Gracilaria and Hypnea), seagrass...

book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) O. Morton (2003). "The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland". Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society...

Aquatic Cryptogams of Australia: A Guide to the Larger Fungi, Lichens, Macroalgae, Liverworts and Mosses of Australian Inland Waters. (Abbotsford: Australian...

Glenn; Fabricius, Katharina E. (April 2020). "Shifts in coralline algae, macroalgae, and coral juveniles in the Great Barrier Reef associated with present-day...

mixed algae on mangrove roots and rocks, in Halimeda (a genus of green macroalgae) clumps, associated with sponges and gorgonian stalks, and attached to...

Lyngbya majuscula. The filamentous cyanobacterium grows on seagrass, macroalgae, and corals up to 30m deep in tropical and subtropical regions throughout...

environment. Parrotfish often help maintain coral reefs as they feed on macroalgae that competes with the coral. As this relationship is mutually beneficial...

home to phyla such as juvenile and adult fish, epiphytic and free-living macroalgae and microalgae, mollusks, bristle worms, and nematodes. Few species were...

the rock coasts. The Macrocystis are one of the largest types of marine macroalgae, the species can grow to lengths of 50 meters, forming undersea forests...

study on the influence of metal ions in the thermochemical processing of macroalgae”, Royal Society Interface Focus Durham Energy Institute (11 June 2015)...

Mediterranean Sea. It is the type species of the genus. Unlike other large brown macroalgae, it has a habitat requirement to grow on the living thalli of the crustose...

Overfishing, as it has ‘knock-on’ effects that result in the increase of macroalgae that can outcompete and smother corals. Additionally, certain methods...

parrotfish were found most frequently in areas with high cover of the macroalgae Dictyota. They have also been found to select for the branching coral...

Juveniles are commonly found in tide pools and reef flats, where they use macroalgae and coral rubble for shelter before migrating to deeper waters. In Hawaiian...

many perches is most suitable, and SPS will often be enjoyed as a home. Macroalgaes and porous rock will provide much enjoyable browsing for these fish....

omnivores, but plenty of vegetable matter, preferably in the form of macroalgae, should be provided for their grazing pleasure. Their suitability for...

seven sponges, one chancelloriid, one priapulid, seven problematica, four macroalgae and four trace fossils". There are at least two genera of radiodonts known...

(18 January 2018). "Chemical characterization of 21 species of marine macroalgae common in Norwegian waters: benefits of and limitations to their potential...

S2CID 38764307. Montgomery, W. Linn; Gerking, Shelby D. (April 1980). "Marine macroalgae as foods for fishes: an evaluation of potential food quality". Environmental...

corals and other marine invertebrates as well as coralline algae and macroalgae, which together serve much the same aesthetic role as freshwater plants...

(Estes & Duggins 1995). Sea otters eat urchins, which in turn graze on macroalgae in a food chain that, when altered, can lead to urchin barrens. Sea otters...

A.; Hay, Cameron (2019). "The biogeographic importance of buoyancy in macroalgae: a case study of the southern bull-kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae)...

worm or deep-sea mussels). Moreover, many foundational species of marine macroalgae are vitamin auxotrophs (for example, half of more than 300 surveyed species...

2013. "Blidingia minima (Nageli ex Kutzing) Kylin, 1947". Svalbard's Macroalgae. Retrieved June 7, 2013. "A green seaweed - Blidingia minima". The Marine...

associated with any single-celled eukaryote instead, to the exclusion of macroalgae. It was coined by Ernst Haeckel in 1866 as the taxon Protista, but under...

seagrass), microscopic diatoms, and sea lettuce (Ulva enteromorpha, a type of macroalgae). Most of these species are found on mudflats, which account for about...

unlikely to impact it significantly. Where degraded reefs have abundant macroalgae, it has been shown experimentally that coral larvae will settle in as...

Sargassum polyphyllum is a species of brown (class Phaeophyceae) macroalgae or limu (seaweed) in the order Fucales. Sargassum polyphyllum, or limu kala...

C. W. (2003). An annotated checklist and bibliography of the marine macroalgae of the Bermuda Islands. Nova Hedwigia, 76(3-4): 275-361 Silva, P. C.;...

on phytoplankton and zooplankton, like larvae, to feeding on benthic macroalgae and small invertebrates. They are diurnal. At night they sleep in cracks...

a pre-commercial biofuel plant and James Cook University developing a macroalgae to biofuels project to provide a blueprint for the development and production...

placed: those living in shallow habitats mainly consumed plankton and macroalgae whereas those living in deep sea habitats mainly consumed brittle star...

in pairs as adults, the juveniles are thought to school. It feeds on macroalgae. They are known to change colour and pattern when alarmed. This species...

measure of the biological activity of the water masses. Phytoplankton and macroalgae present in the water mass produce oxygen by photosynthesis. Bacteria and...

nov. and Rhodopirellula rubra sp. nov., isolated from the surface of macroalgae". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 37 (3): 157–64. doi:10.1016/j.syapm...

driven by tidal mixing and freshwater input sustaining kelp forests and macroalgae, dungeness crab, pacific herring and forage fish, seals, sea lions, porpoises...

reassessment, evolutionary history, and taxonomic revision of the green macroalgae family Udoteaceae (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta)" (PDF). Journal of Systematics...

inputs increase primary production (e.g., phytoplankton, sea grasses, macroalgae), which increase turbidity with resulting decreases in light penetration...

2003). "COMPOSITION, DISTRIBUTION, AND ABUNDANCE OF DEEP-WATER (>30 m) MACROALGAE IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA". Journal of Phycology. 39 (2): 273–284. doi:10...

carnivorous. They have been found to eat crabs, shrimp, sea urchins, macroalgae, polychaete worms, mussels, bivalves, and other sea anemones. They eat...

developmental stage of an alga. (J) Konglingiphyton Konglingiphyton sp. Macroalgae. Megathrix M. longus Filamentous cyanobacterium. Myxococcoides Myxococcoides...

microscopic, such as seaweed. Macroscopic protists (see also unicellular macroalgae) The single-celled giant amoeba has up to 1000 nuclei and reaches lengths...

Michael J. Melchin & Heroen Verbruggen (2011). "Complex noncalcified macroalgae from the Silurian of Cornwallis Island, Arctic Canada" (PDF). Journal...

National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved August 22, 2025. "Macroalgae (Chara)". aquaticbiologists.com. Aquatic biologists, inc. Retrieved August...

Morphological and ecological analysis of Proterozoic and early Paleozoic benthic macroalgae". Precambrian Research. 350 105875. Bibcode:2020PreR..35005875B. doi:10...

Boudouresque CF, 1995. Introduced marine plants, with special reference to macroalgae: mechanisms and impact. In: Progress in Phycological Research, Vol. 11...

Kevan, William; Salgado, Liane. "University of Florida Herbarium (FLAS) Macroalgae Collection: An Overview" (PDF). Retrieved December 30, 2021. "Melvin Brannon"...

capable of growing populations without the support of the other. Mats of macroalgae can sometimes form in estuaries and overlap in habitat with A. stutchburyi...

Natural History Museum. ISBN 0-11-310045-0 Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of Irish biogeographical Society...

nutrients into the estuary resulted in it becoming eutrophic. Growths of macroalgae in the form of toxic cyanobacteria nodularia spumigena began to occur...

British Phycological Society. ISBN 0-9527115-16 Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of Irish biogeographical Society...

Christopher; Landau, Miron; Liang, Xiao; Magnusson, Marie (2016-05-09). "From macroalgae to liquid fuel via waste-water remediation, hydrothermal upgrading, carbon...

and Ireland (except southeastern England), growing among barnacles and macroalgae, particularly on exposed shores where it forms extensive patches. It has...

blooms? Toxic properties of water-soluble extracts from two bloom-forming macroalgae, Ulva Fenestrata and Ulvaria Obscura (Ulvophyceae)". Journal of Phycology...

Falkoski, D.L., Wiebenga, A., Timmermans, K. and De Vries, R.P. (2020) "Macroalgae derived fungi have high abilities to degrade algal polymers". Microorganisms...

feathers, and interpret the studied fossil material as including remains of macroalgae, hydrozoan cnidarians and graptolites. White, Jensen & Barr (2025) interpret...

doi:10.1023/A:1003565309759. ISSN 1573-5117. Morton, O (2003). "The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland". Bulletin Irish Biogeographical Society. 27:...

2024-11-25. Spalding, Heather Lee (August 2012). Ecology of mesophotic macroalgae and Halimeda kanaloana meadows in the main Hawaiian islands (Thesis)....

fisherfolk. Grazers (10, chubs) help keep coral reefs from being overgrown by macroalgae. Cryptobenthic fishes such as blennies (11) and benthic macrocrustaceans...

in dense colonies attached to submerged artificial structures, marine macroalgae, and other organisms. They are primarily omnivorous detritivores, but...

owl limpets, mobile gastropods, mussels, sea anemones, barnacles and macroalgae. Large competitors are dislodged by pushing them away with the anterior...

Paragraptobranca P. curvus incertae sedis Shares features with both graptolites and macroalgae Calyptrina C. striata Annelida? Almost certainly a metazoan Eoandromeda...

Hughes, Ian V.; Droser, Mary L. (August 18, 2020). "Probable benthic macroalgae from the Ediacara Member, South Australia". Precambrian Research. 350...

Karsten, U; Fisch, K.M; König, G.M; Wiencke, C (2003). "Responses of marine macroalgae to hydrogen-peroxide stress" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology...

History. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved May 1, 2015. "Catalog #: FH00777061". Macroalgae Herbarium Portal. Harvard University. Retrieved May 1, 2015....

Scientists of the Far East Marine Reserve have recorded 200 species of macroalgae, 200 of fish, 300 of molluscs, more than 200 of marine worms, and about...

more popular readership. She described thirteen species of micro and macroalgae, and has had six algae named after her: the brown alga Ectocarpus dellowianus...

Fuxianospira gyrata is a Cambrian macroalgae found in the Chengjiang lagerstätte. The filaments, preserved in clustered, helicoid groups, are thread-like...

nearly all crustaceans and their eggs, and shelter among seagrass or macroalgae. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Sebastes pachycephalus". FishBase...

A.; Hay, Cameron (2019). "The biogeographic importance of buoyancy in macroalgae: a case study of the southern bull‐kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae)...

A.; Hay, Cameron (2019). "The biogeographic importance of buoyancy in macroalgae: a case study of the southern bull-kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae)...

has a diversified diet: it is detritivore but also eats microalgae and macroalgae, and possibly some other macrofauna. It lacks the enzymatic activity towards...

of fucoidanase and are involved in cell integrity and defense in brown macroalgae. The fucoidan structure is complex and highly variable as species, season...

highly vulnerable to ocean warming. Lessonia corrugata is a large, brown macroalgae that averages 1.5 m (0.5 ft) in length. It is characterised by distinct...

caudimaculatus juveniles are more likely to settle in areas of dense macroalgae growth than on their more typical rocky reefs, a decision that ultimately...

Diniz, C. Q. C.; Leme, J. M.; Boggiani, P. C. (2021). "New Species of Macroalgae from Tamengo Formation, Ediacaran, Brazil". Frontiers in Earth Science...

phylogeographic responses to large-scale coastal disturbance in intertidal macroalgae and their epibiota". Molecular Ecology. 31 (2): 646–657. doi:10.1111/mec...

A.; Hay, Cameron (2020). "The biogeographic importance of buoyancy in macroalgae: a case study of the southern bull-kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae)...

D.G. Capone. 1981. Primary productivity and nitrogen fixation in two macroalgae-cyanobacteria associations. Bull. Mar. Sci. 31:163-169. Wetzel, R.L. and...

spinefoot live as pairs once they are adult, the adults feed on benthic macroalgae. The habitat and behaviour of juveniles is not known. This species produces...

families were recorded. No macroalgae (seaweed) was recorded at the boat channel site but was present at the reference site. Macroalgae species recorded included...

parva Filamentous cyanobacteria. Doushantuophyton D. lineare Branching macroalgae. Morania M. zinkovi Filamentous cyanobacteria. Chuaria C. circularis Enigmatic...

Assemblages of Exposed Sandy Beaches Receiving Low Inputs of Beach-Cast Macroalgae". Estuaries and Coasts. 38 (6): 2083–2100. Bibcode:2015EstCo..38.2083M...

(1999). "An Antarctic feeding triangle: defensive interactions between macroalgae, sea urchins, and sea anemones" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series...

Retrieved 2020-09-26. "Roscoff Culture Collection | Marine Microalgae, Macroalgae, Protists, Bacteria and Viruses". roscoff-culture-collection.org. Retrieved...

Christian (July 2021). "Analysis of Bacterial Communities on North Sea Macroalgae and Characterization of the Isolated Planctomycetes Adhaeretor mobilis...

discovered in tropical waters near Ecuador. Physically formed by brown macroalgae, kelp forests provide a unique habitat for marine organisms and are a...

A reconstruction of Tawuia as a coenocytic macroalgae with epibionts....

non-photosymbiotic species. The second, Sacoglossa, removes chloroplasts from macroalgae (seaweed) when feeding and sequesters them into their digestive tract...

Raven, J.A.; Hurd, C.L. (2012). "Ecophysiology of photosynthesis in macroalgae". Photosynthesis Research. 113 (1–3): 105–125. doi:10.1007/s11120-012-9768-z...

is very little published data about the use of said algaecides against macroalgae. In attempts to stop the spread of the algae, it is recommended people...

google.com. Retrieved 2025-12-09. "Mechanisms of metal tolerance in marine macroalgae, with emphasis on copper tolerance in Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta". scholar...

sun-blocking scenarios like nuclear winter. Gracilaria commonly appears as a macroalgae for sale in the aquarium trade. It is highly palatable to tangs and many...

intertidal and subtidal areas, as well as on sand and among Zostera and macroalgae. They may desert tidal pools if the condition of the water becomes unsuitable...

breath-hold diving. Abalone are dependent on the presence and quality of macroalgae beds, which has significantly degraded around the Ojika islands, contributing...

to enter weedy estuarine habitats. Siganus stellatus grazes on benthic macroalgae. The adults live in pairs while subadults and juveniles form schools....

the Mesoproterozoic. Although most contemporary ulvophytes are marine macroalgae (seaweeds), ancestral ulvophytes may have been freshwater, unicellular...

evenly spread among crustose coralline algae, erect coralline algae, macroalgae, turf, and turf with sediment. Malakobi was dominated by Acropora, Isopora...

of species of algae, including microalgae (such as phytoplankton) and macroalgae (such as seaweed). Uses of commercial and industrial algae cultivation...

harlequin fish, Port Jackson sharks and the western blue devil. Kelp, macroalgae, sponges, soft and stony corals, sea tulips and sea stars live on the...

period. Under this initiative, M&LA has researched the use of numerous macroalgae species in feed for beef cattle. The findings from the study orchestrated...

anterior teeth suggest that it would have fed on small, raspberry-shaped macroalgae. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paraplacodus. Paleontology portal...

North Cape and East Cape. This species is found in kelp and areas with macroalgae on reefs in shallow water in area that are frequently subjected to powerful...

SeaGrown Company type Private Industry Macroalgae aquaculture Food - Sustainable and vegan seaweed-based seasonings Beauty products Founded 2018 Founders...

shrimps and spider crabs complete the fauna. Above 66 metres (217 ft) depth macroalgae form dense stands on Protector Shoal. Volcanic activity has formed pillow...

roots, stems, or leaves. They can be classified by size as microalgae or macroalgae. Microalgae are the microscopic types of algae, not visible to the naked...

bottoms. Populations in the wild have been observed feeding on a range of macroalgae including the green alga Enteromorpha, as well as the cyanobacteria Calothrix...

It involves surrounding a commercial aquaculture cage with polyculture macroalgae, high-value abalone lines, sea cucumber cages, and artificial reef combinations...

disruption of the cell(s) and release of DOC. Marine macrophytes (i.e., macroalgae and seagrass) are highly productive and extend over large areas in coastal...

B. Bate, G.C. Yang, S.C. 2015. The role of submerged macrophytes and macroalgae in nutrient cycling: a budget approach Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science...

after her retirement in 1994, and was the first detailed flora of all macroalgae since 1855. The book was a 360-page monograph containing 116 of her colour...

of the ocean. Kelp forests are characteristically dominated by brown macroalgae and host high levels of biodiversity, providing provisioning ecosystem...

into nitrogen gas, a useful means of nitrate removal. Various types of macroalgae can be grown and harvested from the refugium as another means of nitrate...

brachiopods and echinoids, which lived on the seabed. Radiolarians and macroalgae are also known in the formation, though the latter may have been washed...

Silver is synthesized by polysaccharides extracted from different marine macroalgae (Colpomenia sinuosa, Jania rubins, Pterocladia capillacae, and Ulva fasciata)...

reduced by this disease, being replaced by fire coral, cyanobacteria, and macroalgae. A structural equation model spanning the Caribbean evinced versatility...

and boulders in benthic environments. Glyptocidaris crenularis feeds on macroalgae, including Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, and Ulva pertusa...

Nayar, Sasi; Clarke, Steven M.; Zhang, Wei (2019). Harnessing Marine Macroalgae for Industrial Purposes in an Australian Context: Emerging Research and...

heterocarpa". AlgaeBase. University of Galway. Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bull. Ir. Biogeog. Soc. no. 27:3 - 164...

development of the heart urchin Echinocardium cordatum feeding on different macroalgae". Biologiya Morya. 20: 385–389. Buchanan, J.B., (1966). The biology of...

contributions to understanding the diversity, biology and evolution of marine macroalgae" 2017 Roger Cooper "For his contributions to understanding the geological...

shallow reefs. They have been observed in abundance feeding in canopy macroalgae habitats as well. They primarily feed during the summer, but remain in...

Manfrino, Carrie (2020-08-12). "Few Herbivore Species Consume Dominant Macroalgae on a Caribbean Coral Reef". Frontiers in Marine Science. 7 676. Bibcode:2020FrMaS...

acidification and warming effects through physiological buffering of a macroalgae". Ecology and Evolution. 10 (15): 8465–8475. Bibcode:2020EcoEv..10.8465D...

relevant internal links. Synonyms may be listed where useful. Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine...

reduces light availability through stimulation of epiphytic algae and macroalgae and identified direct physiological effects of nitrate and ammonium on...

2017 hurricanes. Scientists are concerned with the rapid growth of this macroalgae, and such findings are vital for effective management decision-making...

Schroeder, G., Łęska, B. & Fabrowska, J. 2015: Identification and Ecology of Macroalgae Species Existing in Poland. Chapter 2, In: S.K. Kim & K. Chojnacka (eds...

A.; Hay, Cameron (2019). "The biogeographic importance of buoyancy in macroalgae: a case study of the southern bull‐kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae)...

Tintillier F, Stiger-Pouvreau V, Petek S (2019) Potential of tropical macroalgae from French Polynesia for biotechnological applications. J Appl Phycol...

D'Archino, Roberta; Rolfe, Jeremy (2019). Conservation status of New Zealand macroalgae (PDF) (30th ed.). New Zealand: Department of Conservation. Archived (PDF)...

higher water temperatures and the long-spined sea urchin. In addition to macroalgae, sessile animals like soft corals, sea fans and other gorgonians, and...

Michael J. Melchin & Heroen Verbruggen (2011). "Complex noncalcified macroalgae from the Silurian of Cornwallis Island, Arctic Canada" (PDF). Journal...

History Museum, London ISBN 0-11-310045-0 Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographicaln Society...

ISSN 1002-0063. Wada, Shigeki; Hama, Takeo (2013-09-01). "The contribution of macroalgae to the coastal dissolved organic matter pool". Estuarine, Coastal and...

farming mussel, native oyster, pacific oyster, the European clam and macroalgae (seaweed). Oysters are also reared in Loch Fyne, Argyll and Bute by the...

compatibility with biorefinery approach implementation. It has been proven that macroalgae can reach 2–20 times the production potential of conventional terrestrial...

R Ritson-Williams, KS Beach. 2006. Inhibition of coral recruitment by macroalgae and cyanobacteria. Marine Ecology Progress Series 323, 107-117. https://www...

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate f-ratio Fish diseases and parasites Heterotroph HNLC Macroalgae Manta trawl Marine mucilage Microbial mat Ocean acidification Marine microorganisms...

(also referred to as phytoplankton, microphytes, or planktonic algae). Macroalgae, commonly known as seaweed, also have many commercial and industrial uses...

"Skeletonella nelsoniae gen. et sp. nov., representing a new tribe of marine macroalgae, the Skeletonelleae (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta)". Phycologia. 46 (1): 63–73...

Michael J. Melchin and Heroen Verbruggen (2011). "Complex noncalcified macroalgae from the Silurian of Cornwallis Island, Arctic Canada" (PDF). Journal...

juveniles move into their preferred habitats. This species is a type of macroalgae called Sargassum horneri. It has replaced the native giant kelp Macrocystis...

Soft coral and macroalgae dominated community in intermediate depths...

ISSN 0021-8901. Thomsen, M. S.; McGlathery, K. (2005-01-01). "Facilitation of macroalgae by the sedimentary tube forming polychaete Diopatra cuprea". Estuarine...

has been declining, providing for a transitional increase in the fleshy macroalgae cover in the Caribbean region as more and more filamentous algae colonize...

A.; Hay, Cameron (2019). "The biogeographic importance of buoyancy in macroalgae: a case study of the southern bull‐kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae)...

(2025). "New species of noncalcified dasycladalean and bryopsidalean macroalgae and a new occurrence of Thalassocystis striata (Chlorophyta) from the...

of salinity, which is why they have been historically found living on macroalgae, seagrasses, and submerged aquatic vegetation. In a study using different...

Retrieved 2021-08-11. "University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine) - MacroAlgae Cultivation Modeling System". ARPA_E. 2017-09-19. Archived from the original...

but by late summer, the availability of phytoplankton is lower, and macroalgae are more abundant and competing for space, and the number of bryozoan...

relevant internal links. Synonyms may be listed where useful. Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine...

S. tertiaria Fossilized fruits. A milkwort. Tamarix T. sp. Silicified roots. A tamarisk. Macroalgae Gen. and spe. indet. Fossilized thalloids. Algae....

habitats with sandy or muddy sediments.  They have also been identified on macroalgae, in seagrass beds and in marine plankton. Recently a new species of Longipedia...

in South Africa and is part of a diverse epifauna associated with the macroalgae, including several dipterans, gastropods, isopods, and amphipods. U. sheltoni...

variety of applications, storm water run-off among them. Many species of Macroalgae (including Cyanobacteria, though not technically a true algae) are also...

(2009-01-01). "Natural densities of mesograzers fail to limit growth of macroalgae or their epiphytes in a temperate algal bed". Journal of Ecology. 97 (1):...

29 August 2007. Retrieved 7 June 2007. McCook, L.J. (December 1999). "Macroalgae, nutrients and phase shifts on coral reefs: scientific issues and management...

deposits of the Monterey Formation in California. Several soft-bodied brown macroalgae, such as Julescraneia, have been found. Heterokont chloroplasts appear...

History Museum, London ISBN 0-11-310045-0 Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society...

basal cells are firmly attached to the substrate. The coloration of the macroalgae varies from grass green to bluish. Cells are visible to the naked eye...

present in brackish marshes are fucoid algae. This is a type of brown macroalgae in the class Phaeophyceae. Brown algae are eukaryotic stramenopiles which...

Online: Storymap. Retrieved February 6, 2026. "University Herbarium: Macroalgae: Seaweeds: California Seaweed eFlora: Silvetia compressa". ucjeps.berkeley...

areas. Rather than crawling long distances, the sea stars will attach to macroalgae or other floating organisms and substrate, allowing them to be dispersed...

focused on the establishment of a repository, including microalgae and macroalgae (seaweed), about “Algae consumption in Europe before 15 May 1997”. This...

A.; Hay, Cameron (2019). "The biogeographic importance of buoyancy in macroalgae: a case study of the southern bull‐kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae)...

Muthiga. 2001. Responses of algae, corals and fish to the reduction of macroalgae in fished and unfished patch reefs of Glovers Reef Atoll, Belize. Coral...

can lead to an outright replacement of habitat dominants, such as when macroalgae replaces corals on reefs, leading to a change or loss in components of...

gymnotum specimens residing in rocky substratum, as well as cobble, mud, and macroalgae in significantly lower frequencies. Forsterygion gymnotum is also commonly...

recorded in the lagoon is 22 species including 3 magnolithophytes and 19 macroalgae. The lagoon provides a safe place for fish at a critical stage of their...

radiation on photosynthesis and respiration of phytoplankton, benthic macroalgae and seagrasses. Photosynthesis Research (1993) Evolution of chlorophyll...

and 2002 identified 157 species of algae within the atoll, including macroalgae, epiphytes, and turf-forming species. Of these, 74% were newly recorded...

microalgae. Before that date, the applied phycology group had only worked with macroalgae in the fields of in vitro cultures, population genetics and intensive...

Many groups grow quickly and are more productive than land plants and macroalgae (seaweed). Microalgae reproduction occurs primarily by vegetative (asexual)...

diverse marine ecosystems, especially their plant components like kelp and macroalgae. The species that inhabit these waters have a higher degree of endemism...

Vol 1 Nat Sci Mus Tokyo p 1-64 (Japan). 73 Tanaka J & Shameel M 1992 Macroalgae in mangrove forests of Pakistan. In Nakaike T & Malik S (Eds): Cryptogamic...

in a different substrata; one of smaller grain size, and associated to macroalgae as initial settlement, where they obtain detritus and protection from...

†Zophocrinus – tentative report Steven T. LoDuca (2019). "New Ordovician marine macroalgae from North America, with observations on Buthograptus, Callithamnopsis...

ISSN 0021-8790. JSTOR 3888. Eggen, R (October 1994). "Interactions of Patella and macroalgae with settling Semibalanus balanoides (L.)". Journal of Experimental Marine...

Press, Plymouth, UK.ISBN 978-0-9955673-3-7 Morton, O. 2003. The marine macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society...

concentration and diffusion to the chloroplast's Rubisco site. Calcifying macroalgae like Halimeda and Corallina also produce CaCO3 in alkaline extracellular...

their developmental phases. Various habitats, including mangrove roots, macroalgae, seagrasses, and others, offer distinct services and resources crucial...

brachiopods and echinoids, which lived on the seabed. Radiolarians and macroalgae are also known in the formation, though the latter may have been washed...

which allows corals to thrive as they can be smothered by overgrowing macroalgae. Scarus zelindae promotes coral recruitment by breaking down coral into...

Hoon; Prado, Soizic (2018). "Chemically-Mediated Interactions Between Macroalgae, Their Fungal Endophytes, and Protistan Pathogens". Frontiers in Microbiology...

grazing in ocean ecosystems. Other form of grazing include grazing on macroalgae anchored at the bottom (kelp) and benthic (bottom dwelling) algae. As...

other five genera infect marine microalgae and a some species of brown macroalgae. This was subsequently confirmed by analysis of their B-family DNA polymerases...

doi:10.4267/2042/69540. Steven T. LoDuca (2019). "New Ordovician marine macroalgae from North America, with observations on Buthograptus, Callithamnopsis...

(2016-03-30). "Exploring the contrasting seasonal strategies of two crenic macroalgae". Fottea. 16 (1): 133–143. doi:10.5507/fot.2015.029. Sherwood, Alison...