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Look up layer or layers in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Layer or layered may refer to: Layers (Kungs album) Layers (Les McCann album) Layers (Royce...

Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network, such as the Internet....

application. Each layer has well-defined functions and semantics and serves a class of functionality to the layer above it and is served by the layer below it...

same dimensions. A standard single-layer DVD can store up to 4.7 GB of data, a dual-layer DVD up to 8.5 GB. Dual-layer, double-sided DVDs can store up to...

networking, the transport layer is an abstraction layer in the Internet protocol suite and the OSI model. The protocols of this layer provide end-to-end communication...

Look up layering in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Layering may refer to: Layering (horticulture), a means of vegetative propagation Layering (finance)...

the layers are the link layer, containing communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment (link); the internet layer, providing...

MP3 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer III or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III) is an audio coding format developed largely by the Fraunhofer Society in Germany under...

In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the network layer is layer 3. The network layer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing...

The atmosphere of Earth consists of a layer of mixed gas (commonly referred to as air) that is retained by gravity, surrounding the Earth's surface. It...

In intelligent networks (IN) and cellular networks, service layer is a conceptual layer within a network service provider architecture. It aims at providing...

Layer-by-layer methods are a family of methods for solving the 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube. Such methods are the most frequently known as beginners' methods, as...

abstraction layer or abstraction level is a way of hiding the working details of a subsystem. Examples of software models that use layers of abstraction...

An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communication protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications...

The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers...

The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It contains a high concentration...

Layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition is a thin film fabrication technique. The films are formed by depositing alternating layers of complementary materials...

Layer Cake is a 2004 British crime drama thriller film directed by Matthew Vaughn, in his directorial debut. The screenplay was adapted by J. J. Connolly...

In software engineering, a compatibility layer is an interface that allows binaries for a legacy or foreign system to run on a host system. This translates...

layers above it are numbered. Each layer provides service to the layer above it using the services of the layer immediately below it. The top layer provides...

Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning)...

A marine layer is an air mass that develops over the surface of a large body of water, such as an ocean or large lake, in the presence of a temperature...

The cerebral cortex, also known as the cerebral mantle, is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans and other mammals....

networking, the link layer is the lowest layer in the Internet protocol suite, the networking architecture of the Internet. The link layer is the group of...

In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer: the layer most closely associated with...

In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is the thin layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface formed by the fluid flowing...

Creamy layer is a term used in reservation system of India to refer to some members of a backward class who are highly advanced socially as well as economically...

In surface science, a double layer (DL, also called an electrical double layer, EDL) is a structure that appears on the surface of an object when it is...

high humidity, the presence of moisture-dependent vegetation, a moist layer of leaf litter, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of...

Layer 8 is a term used to refer to user or political layer on top of the 7-layer OSI model of computer networking. The OSI model is a 7-layer abstract...

Encryption/SSL acceleration: when secure websites are created, the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption is often not done by the web server itself, but by a reverse...

In electrochemistry, the diffusion layer, according to IUPAC, is defined as the "region in the vicinity of an electrode where the concentrations are different...

cortex is actually a thin, continuous layer of tissue tightly folded in the style of an accordion. Within this thin layer are several types of neurons with...

A layer cake (US English) or sandwich cake (UK English) is a cake consisting of multiple stacked sheets of cake, held together by a filling such as frosting...

Angelic Layer (Japanese: エンジェリックレイヤー, Hepburn: Enjerikku Reiyā) is a Japanese manga series created by Clamp. The manga was published in Japan by Kadokawa...

layer of about 100 m is quite stable and does not mix much with deeper water, while near the poles winter cooling and storms makes the surface layer denser...

The Malpighian layer (stratum mucosum or stratum malpighii) of the epidermis is generally defined as both the stratum basale (basal layer) and the thicker...

secretion layer may or may not have pores. Below the cortex layer is a layer called the photobiontic layer or symbiont layer. The symbiont layer has less...

Layers were the core of a method of dynamic HTML programming specific to Netscape 4. Each layer was treated as a separate document object in JavaScript...

layers, or blended layering with soft layers. Hair color can also amplify the layering effect that layers give in a certain hair style. The layered hair...

Schiller layers, also known as the iridescent layers, are a series of layers formed by sedimenting particles separated by approximately equal distances...

In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the presentation layer is layer 6 and serves as the data translator for the network. It is sometimes...

per layer, with dual-layer discs (50 GB) being the industry standard for feature-length video discs. Triple-layer discs (100 GB) and quadruple-layer discs...

insulating layers, each with a pattern of traces, planes and other features (similar to wires on a flat surface) etched from one or more sheet layers of copper...

86% of the total mass of the Solar System. The mass of the Sun's surface layer, its photosphere, consists mostly of hydrogen (~73%) and helium (~25%),...

A wetting layer is an monolayer of atoms that is epitaxially grown on a flat surface. The atoms forming the wetting layer can be semimetallic elements/compounds...

Layer-1 blockchain refers to the base protocol of a blockchain network that operates independently and can process and finalize cryptocurrency transactions...

converted into a vector via lookup from a word embedding table. At each layer, each token is then contextualized within the scope of the context window...

the "Jellicle choice" by deciding which cat will ascend to the Heaviside Layer and come back to a new life. As of 2024, Cats remains the fifth-longest-running...

physical properties in the solid Earth. The primary structure is a series of layers: Its mechanical structure is of a rigid lithosphere, a semi-fluid asthenosphere...

In engineering, boundary layer control refers to methods of controlling the behaviour of fluid flow boundary layers. It may be desirable to reduce flow...

A germ layer, primary germinal layer, or germinal layer is a primary layer of cells that forms during animal embryonic development. Germ layers form during...

stratification refers to the vertical layering of a habitat; the arrangement of vegetation in layers. It classifies the layers (sing. stratum, pl. strata) of...

thickness and shape of boundary layers formed by fluid flowing along a solid surface. The defining characteristic of boundary layer flow is that at the solid...

sciences, the free convective layer (FCL) is the layer of conditional or potential instability in the troposphere. It is a layer in which rising air can experience...

Heaviside layer may refer to: Kennelly–Heaviside layer, a layer in the Earth's atmosphere A fictional afterlife in the musical Cats This disambiguation...

both comfort and insulation. Layered clothing usually consists of three layers. They are identified as follows: The inner layer provides comfort by keeping...

family. Rei Wakana (和奏 レイ, Wakana Rei), who performs with the stage name LAYER (レイヤ, Reiya), is the band's lead vocalist and bassist. She is a third-year...

communication protocol is encrypted using Transport Layer Security (TLS) or, formerly, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). The protocol is therefore also referred...

Double layer may refer to: Double layer (biospecific), the surface where two different phases of matter are in contact Double layer (plasma physics), a...

perceptron model, consisting of an input layer, a hidden layer with randomized weights that did not learn, and an output layer with learnable connections. In 1962...

allow access to the SAN and its storage devices are said to form the host layer of the SAN. Such servers have host adapters, which are cards that attach...

Cross-layer optimization is an escape from the pure waterfall-like concept of the OSI communications model with virtually strict boundaries between layers....

and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone (the ozone layer) around Earth's polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the...

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates components in non-volatile mixtures. It is performed on a TLC plate made...

Layer Cake is the debut novel of British author J. J. Connolly, first published in 2000 by Duckworth Press. It was made into a motion picture in 2004...

Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD) is an XML schema specified by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) for describing the appearance of map layers. It is capable...

In neural networks, a pooling layer is a kind of network layer that downsamples and aggregates information that is dispersed among many vectors into fewer...

In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the session layer is layer 5. The session layer provides the mechanism for opening, closing and managing...

The internet layer is a group of internetworking methods, protocols, and specifications in the Internet protocol suite that are used to transport network...

convolutional layer are required to process 5x5-sized tiles. Higher-layer features are extracted from wider context windows, compared to lower-layer features...

Layers are used in digital image editing to separate different elements of an image. A layer can be compared to a transparency on which imaging effects...

artificial neural networks, a hidden layer is a layer of artificial neurons that is neither an input layer nor an output layer. The simplest examples appear...

strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which...

strict layered system, each layer depends on the layer below it and can exist without the layers above it. In a relaxed layered system, a layer can also...

Layered costmaps is a method to create and update maps for robot navigation and path planning proposed by David V. Lu in 2014. During robot navigation...

networks, a convolutional layer is a type of network layer that applies a convolution operation to the input. Convolutional layers are some of the primary...

A semantic layer is a business representation of corporate data that helps end users access data autonomously using common business terms managed through...

The episclera is the outermost layer of the sclera (the white of the eye). It is composed of loose, fibrous, elastic tissue and attaches to Tenon's capsule...

application layer DDoS attack (sometimes referred to as layer 7 DDoS attack) is a form of DDoS attack where attackers target application-layer processes...

and then passes it to the next layer. The first type of layer is the Dense layer, also called the fully-connected layer, and is used for abstract representations...

influences radio propagation to distant places on Earth. Travel through this layer also affects GPS signals, deflecting their paths and delaying their arrival...

Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation,...

Layer Jump Recording (LJR) is a writing method used for DVD-R DL (Dual Layer). LJR alternates between recording layers during the writing process, as compared...

{\displaystyle k} th nodes, which represent the output layer. So to change the hidden layer weights, the output layer weights change according to the derivative of...

In computer networking, Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a tunneling protocol used to support virtual private networks (VPNs) or as part of the delivery...

Electrostatic double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) use carbon electrodes or derivatives with much higher electrostatic double-layer capacitance than electrochemical...

Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) is a communications protocol providing security to datagram-based applications by allowing them to communicate...

Fighting EX Layer is a 2018 fighting video game developed and published by Arika. It is a spiritual successor to Fighting Layer (1998) and the Street...

Latin rete 'net'; pl. retinae or retinas) is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs. The optics of...

part of the tree to another. For most trees the trunk is surrounded by a layer of bark which serves as a protective barrier. Below the ground, the roots...

Messaging Layer Security (MLS) is a security layer for end-to-end encrypted messages. It is maintained by the MLS working group of the Internet Engineering...

In geophysics and seismology, the seismogenic layer or seismogenic zone covers the range of depths within the crust or lithosphere in which most earthquakes...

ecosystem, the ground cover forms the layer of vegetation below the shrub layer known as the herbaceous layer, and provides habitats and concealments...

Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) is a Transport Layer Security (TLS) extension that allows the application layer to negotiate which protocol...

together (e.g. plastics, liquids, or powder grains being fused), typically layer by layer. In the 1980s, 3D printing techniques were considered suitable only...

A pipelayer (or pipe-layer or drain layer) is a skilled tradesman who lays pipe, such as for storm sewers, sanitary sewers, drains, and water mains. Pipelayers...

a Blasius boundary layer (named after Paul Richard Heinrich Blasius) describes the steady two-dimensional laminar boundary layer that forms on a semi-infinite...

Granular layer may refer to: Internal granular layer and External granular layer (cerebral cortex) of the cerebral cortex Granular layer (cerebellum)...

CFOP stands for Cross, F2L (first 2 layers), OLL (Orientation of the Last Layer), PLL (Permutation of the Last Layer). It is one of the fastest methods...

enterprise service layer is the highest level of abstraction. Any application programming interface defined at the enterprise service layer can cross domain...

limnological mixed layer is a layer in which active turbulence has homogenized some range of depths. The surface mixed layer is a layer where this turbulence...

thin, continuous, protective layer of cells with little extracellular matrix. An example is the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epithelial (mesothelial)...

Layer de la Haye, sometimes hyphenated as Layer-de-la-Haye, is a village and civil parish in the City of Colchester district of Essex, England. It is...

Inversion layer may refer to one of the following: Inversion (meteorology), a layer within which an atmospheric property is inverted, i.e., its change...

Falkner–Skan boundary layer (named after Victor Montague Falkner and Sylvia W. Skan) describes the steady two-dimensional laminar boundary layer that forms on...

networking, an Ethernet frame is a data link layer protocol data unit and uses the underlying Ethernet physical layer transport mechanisms. In other words, a...

A nepheloid layer or nepheloid zone is a layer of water in the deep sea basin, above the seabed, that contains significant amounts of suspended sediment...

Double-layer capacitance is the important characteristic of the electrical double layer which appears at the interface between a surface and a fluid (for...

A Radio Interface Layer (RIL) is a layer in an operating system which provides an interface to the hardware's radio and modem on e.g. a mobile phone. The...

Planet II – 2017 British nature documentary television series Nepheloid layer – Layer of water in deep sea Biogenous ooze Oceans portal Tyler, P. A. (2003)...

called the uveal layer, uveal coat, uveal tract, vascular tunic or vascular layer, is the pigmented middle layer of the three concentric layers that make up...

The outer plexiform layer (external plexiform layer) is a layer of neuronal synapses in the retina of the eye. It consists of a dense network of synapses...

The muscular layer (muscle layer, muscular coat, muscular fibers, muscularis propria, muscularis externa) is a region of muscle in many organs in the...

photoactive layer is used in solar cells for absorbing light. It can be found in all solar cells, but with different panels the photoactive layer is made...

Compacted oxide layer glaze describes the often shiny, wear-protective layer of oxide formed when two metals (or a metal and ceramic) are slid against...

The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a link-layer protocol used by network devices for advertising their identity, capabilities, and neighbors...

link layer is the lowest layer in the TCP/IP model. It is also referred to as the network interface layer and mostly equivalent to the data link layer plus...

Layering is a vegetative propagation technique where the stem or branch of a plant is manipulated to promote root development while still attached to the...

depletion region, also called depletion layer, depletion zone, junction region, space charge region, or space charge layer, is an insulating region within a...

In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere...

Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous...

this layer is called the 'ocean layer' of the crust. The sima layer is also called the 'basal crust' or 'basal layer' because it is the lowest layer of...

The IA-32 Execution Layer (IA-32 EL) is a software emulator in the form of a software driver that improves performance of 32-bit x86 applications running...

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a thin-film deposition technique based on the sequential use of a gas-phase chemical process; it is a subclass of chemical...

Dale Layer (born May 16, 1958) is an American basketball coach, currently a special assistant to the head coach at Texas A&M in College Station, Texas...

The Heaviside layer, sometimes called the Kennelly–Heaviside layer, named after Arthur E. Kennelly and Oliver Heaviside, is a layer of ionised gas occurring...

superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. The types of cells found in the layer are fibroblasts, adipose cells...

layer is a key concept in archaeology, particularly culture-historical archaeology especially in archaeological digs or excavations. A cultural layer...

corpus spongiosum penis. It is a bi-layered structure that includes an outer longitudinal layer and an inner circular layer. The trabeculae of the tunica albuginea...

Braden Layer (born c. 1989) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Allegheny College, a position he has held since 2023...

Barrier layer in the ocean is a layer of water separating the well-mixed surface layer from the thermocline. The thickness of the barrier layer is defined...

In computer networking, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link layer (layer 2) communication protocol between two routers directly without any host...

The sodium layer is a layer of neutral atoms of sodium within Earth's mesosphere. This layer usually lies within an altitude range of 80–105 km (50–65 mi)...

In fluid dynamics, a Stewartson layer is a thin cylindrical shear layer that connects two differentially rotating regions in the radial direction, namely...

middle layer u (Up two layers): the top side and the corresponding middle layer d (Down two layers): the bottom layer and the corresponding middle layer l...

The Layers is a studio EP by American jazz guitarist Julian Lage. It was released on March 17, 2023, through Blue Note Records. It is a direct companion—which...

MP2 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II, sometimes incorrectly called Musicam) is a lossy audio compression format. It is standardised...

This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model. This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol...

bars, almond bars, toffee bars, chocolate cheesecake bars and the seven-layer bar. In addition to sugar, eggs, butter, flour and milk, common ingredients...

of mesoglea, a non-living, jelly-like substance, sandwiched between two layers of epithelium that are mostly one cell thick. Many cnidarian species can...

The concept of the representative layer came about though the work of Donald Dahm, with the assistance of Kevin Dahm and Karl Norris, to describe spectroscopic...

components in a multi-layer emulsion. One layer was sensitized to record the red-dominated part of the spectrum, another layer recorded only the green...

The Three-Layer Architecture is a hybrid reactive/deliberative robot architecture developed by R. James Firby that consists of three layers: a reactive...

Layer Marney Tower is an incomplete early Tudor country house, with gardens and parkland, dating from about 1523, in Layer Marney, Essex, England, between...

Fighting Layer is a 3D arcade fighting game developed by Arika and published by Namco, built on the Namco System 12 arcade hardware. The game was released...

IL2P (Improved Layer 2 Protocol) is a data link layer protocol originally derived from layer 2 of the X.25 protocol suite and designed for use by amateur...

Cenozoic Era. In the geologic record, the K–Pg event is marked by a thin layer of sediment called the K–Pg boundary or K–T boundary, which can be found...

clouds in their respective layers of the homosphere, Latin and common name. Genus types in the troposphere, the atmospheric layer closest to Earth's surface...

networking device that switches on OSI layer 2 like an ordinary network switch and provides extra functions on higher OSI layers. The MLS was invented by engineers...

Molecular layer deposition (MLD) is a vapour phase thin film deposition technique based on self-limiting surface reactions carried out in a sequential...

The deep scattering layer, sometimes referred to as the sound scattering layer, is a layer in the ocean consisting of a variety of marine animals. It was...

In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn. In all...

A material's half-value layer (HVL), or half-value thickness, is the thickness of the material at which the intensity of radiation entering it is reduced...

success. Batch normalization (BatchNorm) operates on the activations of a layer for each mini-batch. Consider a simple feedforward network, defined by chaining...

Atomic layer epitaxy (ALE), more generally known as atomic layer deposition (ALD), is a specialized form of thin film growth (epitaxy) that typically...

Layer Four Traceroute (LFT) is a fast, multi-protocol traceroute engine, that also implements numerous other features including AS number lookups through...

The outer nuclear layer (or layer of outer granules or external nuclear layer), is one of the layers of the vertebrate retina, the light-detecting portion...

From self-realization as a goddess to deicide, religion (the title of a layer) is an inherent part of Lain's background. Lain contains extensive references...

(visceral layer of tunica vaginalis), and the inner surface of the scrotum (parietal layer of tunica vaginalis). It is the outermost of the three layers that...

A data access layer (DAL) is a software architectural layer that provides access to data from one or more sources, such as a relational database, NoSQL...

Henle's layer is the third and the outermost layer of the inner root sheath of the hair follicle, consisting of a single layer of cubical cells with clear...

A Layer 2 MPLS VPN is a term in computer networking. It is a method that Internet service providers use to segregate their network for their customers...

The Hyaline layer of Hopewell Smith, also known as intermediate cementum, is a narrow hypercalcified zone at the junction between cementum and dentin...

The Reynolds Layer is a layer of ionised hydrogen gas in the plane of the Milky Way. It was named after Ron Reynolds who discovered that there is such...

The physical-layer specifications of the Ethernet family of computer network standards are published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers...

A cable layer or cable ship is a deep-sea vessel designed and used to lay underwater cables for telecommunications, for electric power transmission, military...

Layer Marney is a village and civil parish in the Colchester district of Essex, England, near Tiptree. The parish includes the hamlet of Smythe's Green...

In mathematics, a layer group is a three-dimensional extension of a wallpaper group, with reflections in the third dimension. It is a space group with...

A slime layer in bacteria is an easily removable (e.g. by centrifugation), unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds bacteria cells. Specifically...

is a deep learning architecture in which the layers learn residual functions with reference to the layer inputs. It was developed in 2015 for image recognition...

The Bowman's layer (Bowman's membrane, anterior limiting lamina, anterior elastic lamina) is a smooth, acellular, nonregenerating layer, located between...

Atomic layer etching (ALE) is an emerging technique in semiconductor manufacture, in which a sequence alternating between self-limiting chemical modification...

Molecular layer may refer to: Molecular layer of cerebral cortex Molecular layer of cerebellar cortex Molecular layer of dentate gyrus This disambiguation...

object-oriented design, a layer is a group of classes that have the same set of link-time module dependencies to other modules. In other words, a layer is a group of...

L2F, or Layer 2 Forwarding, is a tunneling protocol developed by Cisco Systems, Inc. to establish virtual private network connections over the Internet...

MP1 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer I or MPEG-2 Audio Layer I) is a lossy audio codec and one of three audio formats included in the MPEG-1 standard. For...

Multi-layer insulation (MLI) is thermal insulation composed of multiple layers of thin sheets and is often used on spacecraft and cryogenics. Also referred...

layers. Each layer performs a transformation on its inputs. Signals travel from the first layer (the input layer) to the last layer (the output layer)...

Second Layer were an English post-punk band formed in 1979 by Adrian Borland (vocals, guitar) and Graham Bailey (keyboards, bass guitar, drum programming)...

A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is a distinct layer based on temperature within a large body of fluid (e.g...

three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer). Cells migrating...

the uterus). The vaginal introitus is normally partly covered by a thin layer of mucosal tissue called the hymen. The vagina also channels menstrual flow...

Packet Layer Protocol or PLP operates on the network layer of the OSI model for the X.25 protocol suite. It is responsible for addressing, routing, and...

51°52′37″N 0°53′0″E / 51.87694°N 0.88333°E / 51.87694; 0.88333 Layer Road was a Football League stadium in Colchester, England. It was the home of...

The Knudsen layer, also known as evaporation layer, is the thin layer of vapor near a liquid or solid. It is named after Danish physicist Martin Knudsen...

The Layer monument is an early 17th-century polychrome marble mural monument (320 × 350 cm) erected in the memory of the merchant Christopher Layer (1531–1600)...

as layers in a stack of protocols. The lowest protocol always deals with low-level interaction with the communications hardware. Each higher layer adds...

The internal granular layer of the cerebral cortex, also commonly referred to as the granular layer of the cortex, is the layer IV in the subdivision...

the medium access control (MAC), also called media access control, is the layer that controls the hardware responsible for interaction with the wired (electrical...

below 10 nm. Atomic layer etching (ALE) targets individual atomic layers. Molecular layer etching (MLE) focuses on molecular layers, often in organic or...

or rug is a textile floor covering that typically consists of an upper layer of pile attached to a backing. In Europe, the pile was traditionally made...

An S-layer (surface layer) is a part of the cell envelope found in almost all archaea, as well as in many types of bacteria. The S-layers of both archaea...

"native oxide layer") or a nitride, that serves as a passivation layer. In the case of silver, the dark tarnish is a passivation layer of silver sulfide...

The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) or nerve fiber layer, stratum opticum, is part of the anatomy of the eye. The RNFL formed by the expansion of the...

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth. Pronounced /ˈtrɒpəsfɪərˌ-poʊ-/, the name comes from Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos) 'turning...

The surface layer is the layer of a turbulent fluid most affected by interaction with a solid surface or the surface separating a gas and a liquid where...

F region of the ionosphere is home to the F layer of ionization, also called the Appleton–Barnett layer, after the English physicist Edward Appleton...

is partitioned and isolated in a virtual network at the data link layer (OSI layer 2). A VLAN behaves like a virtual network switch or network link that...

Alignment layers, or alignment films, are thin films which are a crucial component of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). They are applied to the surfaces...

Seven-layer salad is an American dish that includes a colorful combination of seven layers of ingredients: iceberg lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, onions...

Bravely Second: End Layer is a 2015 role-playing video game developed by Silicon Studio for the Nintendo 3DS handheld console and is the direct sequel...

Simple DirectMedia Layer (SDL) is a cross-platform software development library designed to provide a hardware abstraction layer for computer multimedia...

Christopher Layer (12 November 1683 – 17 May 1723) was an English lawyer. As a Jacobite conspirator, he was executed for high treason in 1723 for his...

Service layer is an architectural pattern, applied within the service-orientation design paradigm, which aims to organize the services, within a service...

The benthic boundary layer (BBL) is the layer of water directly above the sediment at the bottom of a body of water (river, lake, sea, etc.). Through specific...

communication protocol for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with an internet layer address, typically an IPv4 address. The...

A redistribution layer (RDL) is an extra metal layer on an integrated circuit that makes its I/O pads available in other locations of the chip, for better...

surrounded by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen, an intermediate layer of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, and an outer layer of gas. Saturn has a pale...

soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath...

The stratosphere is the second-lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth, located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. Pronounced /ˈstrætəˌsfɪər...

Encapsulation is the computer-networking process of concatenating layer-specific headers or trailers with a service data unit (i.e. a payload) for transmitting...

materials science, the term single-layer materials or 2D materials refers to crystalline solids consisting of a single layer of atoms. More broadly, these...

The membranous layer or stratum membranosum is the deepest layer of subcutaneous tissue. It is a fusion of fibres into a homogeneous layer below the adipose...

The pre-salt layer is a diachronous series of geological formations on the continental shelves of extensional basins formed after the break-up of Gondwana...

cortex (commonly known as layer IV). Layer II is often grouped together with layer III and referred to as layer II/III. Layers I, II, and III are together...

Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) is a framework for authentication and data security in Internet protocols. It decouples authentication...

A perfectly matched layer (PML) is an artificial absorbing layer for wave equations, commonly used to truncate computational regions in numerical methods...

Huxley's layer is the middle layer of the inner root sheath of the hair follicle, situated between Henle's layer (outermost) and the IRS cuticle (innermost)...

Bio-layer interferometry (BLI) is an optical biosensing technology that analyzes biomolecular interactions in real-time without the need for fluorescent...

forward data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Some switches can also forward data at the network layer (layer 3) by additionally incorporating...

An operating system abstraction layer (OSAL) provides an application programming interface (API) to an abstract operating system making it easier and...

adaptation layer in order to support information transfer protocols, which are not based on ATM. This adaptation layer defines how to segment higher-layer packets...

A destruction layer is an archaeological stratum showing clear evidence of widespread burning, structural collapse, weapon finds, human remains, or other...

the top "layer". The top "layer" is not necessarily a layer in the application; it may be applied with a painting or editing tool. The top "layer" also is...

The Saharan air layer (SAL) is an extremely hot, dry, and sometimes dust-laden layer of the atmosphere that often overlies the cooler, more humid surface...

A database abstraction layer (DBAL or DAL) is an application programming interface which unifies the communication between a computer application and...

is made with a chocolate pudding layer inside of a pie crust, topped with a layer of haupia, and then finally a layer of whipped cream. It was popularized...

Dua's layer, according to a 2013 paper by Harminder Singh Dua's group at the University of Nottingham, is a layer of the cornea that had not been detected...

Christopher Layer (1531 – 19 June 1600), of Norwich, Norfolk, was an English merchant, burgess of Norwich, and briefly a Member of Parliament. Layer was the...

PCI Express is a layered protocol, consisting of a transaction layer, a data link layer, and a physical layer. The Data Link Layer is subdivided to include...

In dentistry, the smear layer is a layer found on root canal walls after root canal instrumentation. It consists of microcrystalline and organic particle...

arches within the mesentery known as arterial arcades, which may be several layers deep. Straight blood vessels known as vasa recta travel from the arcades...

Boundary layer suction is a boundary layer control technique in which an air pump is used to extract the boundary layer at the wing or the inlet of an...

A layer cake is a pastry made from stacked layers of cake held together by filling. Layer Cake or layer cake may also refer to: In mathematics, the Layer...

Chiral thin-layer chromatography is a variant of liquid chromatography that is employed for the separation of enantiomers. It is necessary to use either...

outermost of the three major layers that constitute the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. The epidermal layer provides a barrier to infection...

layers of the decidua basalis can then be described: Compact outer layer (stratum compactum) Intermediate layer (stratum spongiosum) Boundary layer adjacent...

delivered in order. Although the lower-layer switching is connectionless, or it may be a data link layer or network layer switching mode, where all data packets...

February 2023, Coinbase launched its own layer 2 blockchain on Ethereum, based on MIT-licensed OP Stack of layer-2 blockchain Optimism. In April 2023, the...

József Láyer (21 June 1955 – 6 January 2026) was a Hungarian politician. A member of Fidesz, he served in the National Assembly from 1998 to 2006. Láyer died...

Plexiform layer may refer to: Inner plexiform layer Outer plexiform layer This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Plexiform layer. If...

Layers of Fear is a 2016 psychological horror adventure game developed by Bloober Team and published by Aspyr. It was released on Linux, Microsoft Windows...

The elements composing the layer of rods and cones (Jacob's membrane) in the retina of the eye are of two kinds, rod cells and cone cells, the former...

surface layer. Splitting the planetary boundary layer into the surface layer and the Ekman layer generally yields more accurate results. The Ekman layer, with...

A double layer is a structure in a plasma consisting of two parallel layers of opposite electrical charge. The sheets of charge, which are not necessarily...

The Sarawak layer cake, (Malay: kek lapis Sarawak or kek lapis; Jawi: كيك لاڤيس سراوق‎) is a delicacy from the state of Sarawak, Malaysia, which comes...

This is a character guide to the manga and anime series Angelic Layer. Angel Entry Phrase: "Angel Wings! Please guide me and Hikaru!" Voiced by: Atsuko...

External granular layer may refer to: External granular layer of the cerebellar cortex External granular layer of the cerebral cortex This disambiguation...

Ethernet Advanced Physical Layer (Ethernet-APL) describes a physical layer for the Ethernet communication technology which is especially developed for...

Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998) and Snatch (2000), and directed Layer Cake (2004), Stardust (2007), Kick-Ass (2010), X-Men: First Class (2011)...

multi-layered palisade layer, while shade leaves or older leaves closer to the soil are single-layered. Beneath the palisade layer is the spongy layer. The...

In the anatomy of the eye, the ganglion cell layer (ganglionic layer) is a layer of the retina that consists of retinal ganglion cells and displaced amacrine...

include laying down conductors and resistors in multi-layer circuits using thin ceramic layers as the substrate. Screen Printing takes its origin from...

locomotion on the surface layer of water is the study of animal locomotion in the case of small animals that live on the surface layer of water, relying on...

remembering which port number the two IP addresses are using at layer 4 (transport layer) of the OSI model for their conversation, allowing examination...

transfer and streaming media rely on TCP, which is part of the transport layer of the TCP/IP suite. SSL/TLS often runs on top of TCP. Today, TCP remains...

parishes called Layer, the others being Layer de la Haye to the west, and Layer Marney to the east. The other neighbouring parishes to Layer Breton are Birch...

The inner plexiform layer is an area of the retina that is made up of a dense reticulum of fibrils formed by interlaced dendrites of retinal ganglion...

Layers of protection analysis (LOPA) is a technique for evaluating the hazards, risks and layers of protection associated with a system, such as a chemical...

(ALS), Scalable Lossless Coding (SLS), MP3, MPEG-1 Audio Layer II (MP2), MPEG-1 Audio Layer I (MP1), CELP, HVXC (speech), TwinVQ, Text To Speech Interface...

as the Kransekake Cupcakes and other miniature cakes Layer cakes, with at least two stacked layers, frequently filled and decorated Sheet cakes, simple...

A seven-layer dip is an American appetizer based on ingredients typical of Tex-Mex cuisine. The first widely published recipe (1981, Family Circle magazine)...

periosteum consists of an outer fibrous layer, and an inner cambium layer (or osteogenic layer). The fibrous layer is of dense irregular connective tissue...

creating a business logic layer which is separate from other tiers or layers, such as the data access layer or service layer. Each layer "knows" only a minimal...

convective planetary boundary layer (CPBL), also known as the daytime planetary boundary layer (or simply convective boundary layer, CBL, when in context),...

Ion layer gas reaction (ILGAR®) is a non-vacuum, thin-film deposition technique developed and patented by the group of Professor Dr. Christian-Herbert...

In potential theory, an area of mathematics, a double layer potential is a solution of Laplace's equation corresponding to the electrostatic or magnetic...

cinders, and blocks. These layers settle on the land and, over time, sedimentation occurs incorporating these tephra layers into the geologic record. Tephrochronology...

located between the lower back and the perineum. They are composed of a layer of exterior skin and underlying subcutaneous fat superimposed on a left...

The two layer hypothesis, or two layer model, argues that Eastern and Southeastern Asia was initially occupied by hunter-gatherer groups considered to...

Proton is a compatibility layer that allows Windows software (primarily video games) to run on Linux-based operating systems. Proton is developed by Valve...

Most bones of the calvaria consist of internal and external tables or layers of compact bone, separated by diploë. The diploë is cancellous bone containing...

In an onion network, messages are encapsulated in layers of encryption, analogous to the layers of an onion. The encrypted data is transmitted through...

Sattler's layer, named after Hubert Sattler, an Austrian ophthalmologist, is one of five (or six) layers of medium-diameter blood vessels of the choroid...

The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of...

three-layer model for network design first proposed by Cisco in 1998. The hierarchical design model divides enterprise networks into three layers: core...

The pigmented layer of retina or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal...

or intima for short, is the innermost tunica (layer) of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells (and macrophages in areas...

Link Layer Topology Discovery (LLTD) is a proprietary link layer protocol for network topology discovery and quality of service diagnostics. Microsoft...

velocities. A region where these forces change behavior is known as a boundary layer, such as the bounding surface in the interior of a pipe. A similar effect...

ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) is an ATM adaptation layer used to send variable-length packets up to 65,535 octets in size across an Asynchronous Transfer...

object layers: the video object layer that provides full MPEG-4 functionality, and a reduced functionality video object layer, the video object layer with...

the dish go further, some recipes put in a bottom layer of potato before adding the meat and top layer. The meat may be raw or previously cooked; the latter...

Sproton Layer was an American rock and roll group formed in Ann Arbor, Michigan in the late 1960s. Their music was mostly hard rock with psychedelic touches...

In the anatomy of the eye, the inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules, of the retina, is made up of a number of closely packed cells, of which...

A ply is a layer of material which has been combined with other layers in order to provide strength. The number of layers is indicated by prefixing a number...

mucosa, submucosa (connective tissue), layers of muscle fibers between layers of fibrous tissue, and an outer layer of connective tissue. The mucosa is a...

sensitive layers, incorporating different combinations of sensitizing dyes. Typically, the blue-sensitive layer is on top, followed by a yellow filter layer to...

The stratum corneum (Latin for 'horned/horny layer') is the outermost layer of the epidermis of the tetrapod skin. In human skin, it consists of a stratified...

hundreds of graphene layers build up, they are called graphite. In technical terms, graphene is a carbon allotrope consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged...

The helicon double-layer thruster is a prototype electric spacecraft propulsion. It was created by Australian scientist Christine Charles, based on a...

Transport Layer Security (WTLS) is a security protocol, part of the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) stack. It sits between the WTP and WDP layers in the...

individual plant crowns.[page needed] In forest ecology, the canopy is the upper layer or habitat zone, formed by mature tree crowns and including other biological...

mapping between a domain and a mail exchanger; this can provide an additional layer of fault tolerance and load distribution. The DNS is used for efficient...

They are Layer 1 specifications for ISDN networks, using either an E1 or T1 circuit. The I.431 standard is known as the 'PRI Physical Layer' whereas the...

A club sandwich or clubhouse sandwich is a three-layer sandwich consisting of three slices of bread (traditionally toasted), sliced poultry, fried bacon...

consists of a sol layer termed the periciliary liquid layer and an overlying gel layer termed the mucus layer. The periciliary liquid layer is so named as...

which new crystalline layers are formed with one or more well-defined orientations with respect to the crystalline seed layer. The deposited crystalline...

GNN implements the following fundamental layers: Permutation-equivariant layers: a permutation equivariant layer maps a representation of a graph into an...

The Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) is a project from the European Commission that creates global geographical data about the evolution of human...

composed of multiple layers of latent variables ("hidden units"), with connections between the layers but not between units within each layer. When trained without...

fascial layers - posterior, middle, and anterior - that enclose two (anterior and posterior) muscular compartments. The anterior and middle layers occur...

wafer balls. These are then coated with a layer of chocolate, a layer of chopped hazelnuts, and a final layer of milk chocolate before the chocolate ball...

operates at a layer between traditional definitions of OSI Layer 2 (data link layer) and Layer 3 (network layer), and is often referred to as a layer 2.5 protocol...

of a set of standards for network management, including an application layer protocol, a database schema, and a set of data objects. In typical uses...

two impermeable layers separated by a permeable drainage layer also called a leak detection layer. Typically the impermeable layers are made from geomembranes...

the oxide and creates an inversion layer or channel at the semiconductor-insulator interface. The inversion layer provides a channel through which current...

The epilimnion or surface layer is the top-most layer in a thermally stratified lake. The epilimnion is the layer that is most affected by sunlight, its...

divided vertically into up to five different layers (illustrated in the diagram), with the number of layers depending on the depth of the water. Marine...

The layers of the Mission Operations Service Framework are: The Mission Operations (MO) Layer The Common Services Layer The Message Abstraction Layer (MAL)...

management support, an advanced brush engine, non-destructive layers and masks, group-based layer management, vector artwork support, and switchable customisation...

protocols specified in IEEE 802 map to the lower two layers (data link and physical) of the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking reference...

Nuclear layer may refer to: Inner nuclear layer Outer nuclear layer This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Nuclear layer. If an...

consists of a layer of connective tissue called the periosteum. Additionally, the outer shell of the long bone is compact bone, then a deeper layer of cancellous...

Michael Layer (born 23 October 1978) is a German former snowboarder. He competed in the men's snowboard cross event at the 2006 Winter Olympics. Evans...

organic–inorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer. It is also the material of which pearls are composed. It is strong, resilient...

organic–inorganic lead or tin halide-based material as the light-harvesting active layer. Perovskite materials, such as methylammonium lead halides the all-inorganic...

artificial neurons into layers and "training" them to process data. The adjective "deep" refers to the use of multiple layers (ranging from three to several...

opposite Danny Dyer in The Football Factory (2004). He has also appeared in Layer Cake (2004), Batman Begins (2005), The Business (2005), Kick-Ass (2010)...

terrestrial planets, is divided into layers by their chemical or physical (rheological) properties. The outer layer is a chemically distinct silicate solid...

map (/ˈaɪsoʊpæk/) illustrates thickness variations within a tabular unit, layer or stratum. Isopachs are contour lines of equal thickness over an area....

aeronomical observations, including exploration of the depletion of the ozone layer and effects of global warming. The satellite is still functioning nominally...

the majority of cubers and employs a layer-by-layer system with numerous algorithms for solving the final layer. The method starts by creating a cross...

Retrieved 2024-09-08. "Woman hedge-layer". Birmingham Weekly Mercury. Birmingham, UK. 1979-03-04. p. 5. "Woman hedge-layer". Market Harborough Advertiser...

(three-layered). These three germ layers are the ectoderm (outer layer), mesoderm (middle layer), and endoderm (inner layer). These germ layers form as...

Layer (Russian: Пласт, romanized: Plast) is a 2022 Russian crime drama film directed by Stanislav Sapachyov. It stars Vladimir Vdovichenkov and Kirill...

protocol developed by Google as a limited experiment for use in Transport Layer Security (TLS) by web browsers. It was succeeded by CECPQ2. CECPQ1 was designed...

polygonal layers of dots with a constant number of sides. Each side of a polygonal layer contains one more dot than each side in the previous layer; so starting...

The Russian all season set of field uniforms (VKPO; formerly VKBO) is a layered clothing system (popularly known as капуста/kapusta "cabbage") manufactured...

of a layered process, including the user interface (UI) layer, the business layer, the data access layer and the database itself. The UI layer deals...

two parts: an outer fibrous layer or membrane, and an inner synovial layer or membrane. Each capsule consists of two layers or membranes: an outer (fibrous...

The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is a multilateral environmental agreement signed in 1985 that provided frameworks for international...

total 128 floors, all enclosed by the inner layer of the glass facade. Between that and the outer layer, which twists as it rises, nine indoor zones...

They are Layer 1 specifications for ISDN networks, using either an E1 or T1 circuit. The I.431 standard is known as the 'PRI Physical Layer' whereas the...

spinosum (or spinous layer/prickle cell layer) is a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale. This layer is composed of...

Super Audio CD (SACD), the latter of which can include a standard CD-DA layer for backward compatibility. The optophone, first presented in 1913, was...

Cladding is the application of one material over another to provide a skin or layer. In construction, cladding is used to provide a degree of thermal insulation...

streams, called layers, allowing decompression even if some layers are missing. With layered coding, multiple data streams or layers are created when...

myelinated fibers that course in the internal granular layer (layer IV) and internal pyramidal layer (layer V), respectively, of cerebral cortex. In the primary...

Double layer forces occur between charged objects across liquids, typically water. This force acts over distances that are comparable to the Debye length...

The stratum basale (basal layer, sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum) is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, the external...

dioxide (UO2) fuel (sometimes UC or UCO), which has been coated with four layers of three isotropic materials deposited through fluidized-bed chemical vapor...

The SCTE Hybrid Management Sub-Layer (HMS) refers to a set of specifications intended to support the design and implementation of inter-operable management...

consists of one active layer and one inactive layer. In the case where active layer is piezoelectric, deformation in that layer may be induced by the application...

The atmosphere is composed mostly of carbon dioxide and has a thick cloud layer of sulfuric acid that spans the whole planet. At the mean surface level...

has two layers, an outer periosteal layer closely adhered to the neurocranium, and an inner meningeal layer known as the dural border cell layer. The two...

is stopped removes one layer of wrapping and claims any prize found under that layer. Sometimes there is a prize in each layer, but some people would...

functions are divided into protocol layers, where each layer leverages the services of the layer below it until the lowest layer controls the hardware that sends...

John Layer (1585?–1641) was an English antiquarian from Cambridge. Layer was born in 1585 or 1586, probably at Lillings Ambo in the North Riding of Yorkshire...

Circuit Layer Operations per Second (CLOPS) is a benchmarking metric of quantum computers developed by IBM in 2021. While Quantum volume is more indicative...

consisting of three layers: batch processing, speed (or real-time) processing, and a serving layer for responding to queries. The processing layers ingest from...

Fatback is a layer of subcutaneous fat taken from under the skin of the back of a domestic pig, with or without the skin (referred to as pork rind). As...

from Layer Road, their home stadium for 71 years. Until 1937, Colchester Town were Colchester's main club and were the original tenants of Layer Road...

has a basal layer and a functional layer: the basal layer contains stem cells which regenerate the functional layer. The functional layer thickens and...

The Layer Pyramid (known locally in Arabic as el haram el midawwar, Arabic: الهرم المدور, meaning 'rubble-hill pyramid') is a ruined step pyramid dating...

endosperm, the aleurone layer. The aleurone layer is the outermost layer of the endosperm, followed by the inner starchy endosperm. This layer of cells is sometimes...

SSH server. SSH operates as a layered protocol suite comprising three principal hierarchical components: the transport layer provides server authentication...

specification includes four additional key components: network layer, application layer, Zigbee Device Objects (ZDOs) and manufacturer-defined application...

Constrained-layer damping is a mechanical engineering technique to suppress vibrations. Typically a viscoelastic or other damping material, is sandwiched...

capping inversion is an elevated inversion layer that caps a convective planetary boundary layer. The boundary layer is the part of the atmosphere which is...

Spin-transfer torque (STT) is an effect in which the orientation of a magnetic layer in a magnetic tunnel junction or spin valve can be modified using a spin-polarized...

four layers of specialised tissue. From the inner cavity of the gut (the lumen) outwards, these are the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscular layer and the...

application-layer protocols need little or no change to operate over IPv6; exceptions are application protocols that embed Internet-layer addresses, such...

High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) serves as an extension of thin-layer chromatography (TLC), offering robustness, simplicity, speed,...

systems (such as IBM z/OS) earned the trademark through a POSIX compatibility layer and are not otherwise inherently Unix systems. Many ancient UNIX systems...

creates a significant and permanent layer of deep water that does not drain or mix and is therefore anoxic. This anoxic layer is responsible for the preservation...

photolithography, several masks are used in turn, each one reproducing a layer of the completed design, and together known as a mask set. A curvilinear...

The Scripting Layer for Android (abridged as SL4A, and previously named Android Scripting Environment or ASE) is a discontinued library that allows the...

typically deal with the following OSI model protocol layers and topics: Layer 1, the physical layer: Channel coding including Digital modulation schemes...

multiple layers or pools. In a synfire chain, neural impulses propagate synchronously from layer to layer to transmit information. Each neuron in one layer feeds...

for the maximum segment length of 500 meters (1,600 ft). For its physical layer, 10BASE5 uses cable similar to RG-8/U coaxial cable but with extra braided...

(named after William Shockley) is a four-layer semiconductor diode. It is a PNPN diode with alternating layers of P-type and N-type material. It is equivalent...

dorsal layer and the ventral layer. The dorsal layer covers internal cerebral veins and fixes them to the surrounding tela choroidea. The ventral layer of...

Angelic Layer (Japanese: エンジェリックレイヤー, Hepburn: Enjerikku Reiyā) is a Japanese anime adapting the manga of the same name by Clamp. Renamed Battle Doll:...

portability across multiple platforms. A hardware abstraction layer (HAL) is an abstraction layer, implemented in software, between the physical hardware of...

known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye. It contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina...

In computer networking, the Transport Layer Interface (TLI) was the networking API provided by AT&T UNIX System V Release 3 (SVR3) in 1987 and continued...

functions are divided into protocol layers, where each layer leverages the services of the layer below it until the lowest layer controls the hardware that sends...

Red velvet cake is a red-colored layer cake with cream cheese or ermine icing. The origin of the cake is unknown, although it is popular in the Southern...

parotid gland. It has a superficial layer and a deep layer. Current scientific knowledge regards the superficial layer to be continuous with the fascia of...

A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest...

mainly of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks are deposited in layers as strata, forming a structure called bedding. Sedimentary rocks are often...

A mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of soil. Reasons for applying mulch include conservation of soil moisture, improving fertility and...

The Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) is a part of the H.264/AVC and HEVC video coding standards. The main goal of the NAL is the provision of a "network-friendly"...

plays no active role in the explosion processes. A tamper is an optional layer of dense material surrounding the fissile material. Due to its inertia it...

organisms consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells, and usually have tube-like bodies full of pores and channels that...

삼겹살; pronounced [sam.ɡjʌp.s͈al]; lit. 'three-layer meat'), samgyeopsal-gui (삼겹살구이; lit. 'grilled three-layer meat'), or grilled pork belly is a type of...

The Hashima-class cable layers (初島型電纜敷設艇,, Hashima-gata Denran-Fusetsutei) were the only class of purpose-built cable layers of the Imperial Japanese Navy...

not uniform in size or shape, and are only roughly dressed. The outside layers were bound together by mortar, primarily local limestone from the Giza Plateau...

including file sharing. Internet Relay Chat is implemented as an application layer protocol to facilitate communication in the form of text. The chat process...

vegetation can often be categorized into five layers. The top layer is the emergents, the upper tree layer, with the largest and widest trees in all the...

1996. In addition to a modern physical layer, Fibre Channel also added support for any number of "upper layer" protocols, including ATM, IP (IPFC) and...

footstool on wheels. Allen used three layers of control which are implemented in subsumption architecture. "The lowest layer of control makes sure that the robot...

be related to the thickness of the thermal boundary layer. In a tube, the thermal boundary layer will be limited by the tube diameter, D {\displaystyle...

DXVK is an open-source translation layer which converts Direct3D 8/9/10/11 calls to Vulkan. It is used by Proton/Steam for Linux, by Intel Windows drivers...

normally not considered a layer, but in the Helmholtz machine generation mode, the data layer receives input from the middle layer and has separate weights...

in fluid dynamics to follow smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing. At low velocities...

thermal boundary layer formed by a heated (or cooled) fluid moving along a heated (or cooled) wall. In many ways, the thermal boundary layer description parallels...

Working in layers is a system for creating artistic paintings that involve the use of more than one layer of paint. Working in layers is used extensively...

single device. For network layer communications, a broadcast address may be a specific IP address. At the data link layer on Ethernet networks, it is...

kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The two main types of human...

The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone is a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean. The word abyss comes from the Greek word ἄβυσσος (ábussos), meaning...

limiting membrane (or outer limiting membrane) is one of the ten distinct layers of the retina of the eye. It has a network-like structure and is situated...

Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which can be peeled off. The rind is usually the botanical exocarp...

DVD+R DL (DL stands for Double Layer), also called DVD+R9, is a derivative of the DVD+R format created by the DVD+RW Alliance. Its use was first demonstrated...

designed for use in explosion/hazardous areas (Ex-zone 0 and 1). The Physical Layer (i.e. the cable) conforms to IEC 61158-2, which allows power to be delivered...

The layers and contents are as follows, from superficial to deep: skin superficial perineal fascia: Subcutaneous tissue divided into two layers: (a)...

Patina (/pəˈtiːnə/ pə-TEE-nə, or /ˈpætɪnə/ PAT-ih-nə) is a thin layer that variously forms on the surface of copper, brass, bronze, and similar metals...

Bumpless Build-up Layer (BBUL) is a processor packaging technology developed by Intel. It is bumpless, because it does not use the usual tiny solder bumps...

middle layer of the three germ layers that develops during gastrulation in the very early development of the embryo of most animals. The outer layer is the...

layer and an octahedral layer (T-O) while three-layer clays contain an octahedral layer sandwiched by two tetrahedral layers (T-O-T). When substitution...

developed to address the weaknesses of using information from the hidden layers of recurrent neural networks. Recurrent neural networks favor information...

the reflective layer, reactions with contaminants, ultra-violet light damage, and de-bonding of the adhesive used to adhere the layers of the disc together...

(LLC) data communication protocol layer is the upper sublayer of the data link layer (layer 2) of the seven-layer OSI model. The LLC sublayer acts as...

most IP routing protocols, IS-IS operates directly over Layer 2 rather than relying on Layer 3 for transport, and does not use IP addresses to identify...

Pace layers (also pace layering) is a conceptual framework developed by Stewart Brand that describes how complex systems are composed of interacting layers...

Their bodies consist of a mass of jelly (mesoglea) with a two-cell-thick layer on the outside, and another lining the internal cavity. The phylum has a...

sufficiently sturdy, a substantial concern when moving 60+ ton tanks. The bridge layer unfolds and launches its cargo, providing a ready-made bridge across the...

granular layer (IV) separates slender pyramidal cells of the external pyramidal layer (III) and the internal pyramidal layer (V); the multiform layer (VI)...

layers forming the intraembryonic coelom. The outer layer of lateral plate mesoderm adheres to the ectoderm to become the somatic or parietal layer known...

In telecommunications, an atmospheric duct is a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere in which the vertical refractive index gradients are such that...

operating systems. FOSSIL is an acronym for Fido Opus SEAdog Standard Interface Layer. Fido refers to FidoNet, Opus refers to Opus-CBCS BBS, and SEAdog refers...

highway engineering, subbase is the layer of aggregate material laid on the subgrade, on which the base course layer is located. It may be omitted when...

the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was uplifted. While some aspects...

A nanoparticle interfacial layer is a well structured layer of typically organic molecules around a nanoparticle. These molecules are known as stabilizers...

fascia is the lowermost layer of the skin in nearly all of the regions of the body, that blends with the reticular dermis layer. It is present on the face...

refers to the layers composing the anterior abdominal wall which, in addition to the layers mentioned above, includes the three layers of muscle: the...

Friedemann Layer (30 October 1941 – 3 November 2019) was an Austrian conductor. He was assistant to Herbert von Karajan in Ulm and to Karl Böhm. In 1989...

endothelial layer of the cornea. It is composed of different kinds of collagen (Type IV and VIII) than the stroma. The endothelial layer is located at...

A turbulator is a device that turns a laminar boundary layer into a turbulent boundary layer. Turbulent flow can be desired on parts of the surface of...

multiplexing in a computer network is a service provided by the transport layer (see OSI Layered Model). It multiplexes several message streams, or sessions onto...

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall which retains the stain, unlike the thin layer of peptidoglycan in gram-negative...

archaeological layers have been identified at the site, each corresponding to a city built on the ruins of the previous. Archaeologists refer to these layers using...

In computing, the Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a mail...

French cake. It is made with layers of almond sponge cake (known as Joconde in French) soaked in coffee syrup, layered with ganache and coffee (or Grand...

refer to almost every part of the macOS graphics model from the rendering layer down to the compositor including Core Image and Core Video. Other Apple...

In mathematics, the layer cake representation of a non-negative, real-valued measurable function f {\displaystyle f} defined on a measure space ( Ω ,...

Transition layer may refer to: In mathematics, a mathematical approach to finding an accurate approximation to a problem's solution. In aviation, a region...

of transparent thin film structures with alternating layers of contrasting refractive index. Layer thicknesses are chosen to produce destructive interference...

A disc with one 4.7 GB SACD layer. Dual-layer: A disc with two SACD layers, totaling 8.5 GB, and no CD layer. Dual-layer SACDs can store nearly twice...

25 GB for single-layer discs, 50 GB for double-layer discs, 100 GB ("BDXL") for triple-layer, and 128 GB ("BDXL") for quadruple-layer (in BD-R only). The...

meteorology, an inversion (or temperature inversion) is a phenomenon in which a layer of warmer air overlies cooler air. Normally, air temperature gradually decreases...

sensory nerve endings to detect changes in the environment. The cutis is the layer located above the subcutis. Aplasia cutis congenita results in thin, transparent...

kimonos were commonly worn layered, with three being the standard number of layers worn on top of the undergarments. The layered kimono underneath were known...

Seven-colour tea or seven-layer tea is a Bangladeshi beverage comprising layers of different teas. Tea is made in multiple permutations of concentration...

Vision profiles are dual-layer (for example: the profile 7 used for Ultra HD Blu-ray). The base layer (BL) and the enhancement layer (EL) are combined to...

2001 as "Photoshop Tennis". The matches on coudal.com were later renamed Layer Tennis after enabling the use of other software, and continued through four...

It consists of a gel-like mucous layer which traps a thin layer of bicarbonate-rich fluid beneath it. The mucus layer thus normally significantly slows...

LS-R, or the Layer-Selection-Type Recordable Optical Disk, is the term coined by Hitachi in 2003 for a next-generation optical disc technology which allows...

/təˈpiːtəm ˈluːsɪdəm/ tə-PEE-təm LOO-sih-dəm; pl.: tapeta lucida) is a layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrates and some other animals. Lying immediately...

"Cytotrophoblast" is the name given to both the inner layer of the trophoblast (also called layer of Langhans) or the cells that live there. It is interior...

cake made from squares of butter cake or sponge cake coated in an outer layer of chocolate sauce and rolled in desiccated coconut. The thin mixture is...

Marcus Ranum described a third-generation firewall known as an application layer firewall. Marcus Ranum's work, based on the firewall created by Paul Vixie...

A cell wall is a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes...

their way through an interpretation of Dante's layers of Hell, with three acts each made up of three layers being divided into multiple levels. As of February...

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the network layer communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries...

consists of alternating layers of vanilla wafer and a foamed coffee-flavoured soft candy, covered with a milk chocolate outer layer. In Toronto, Canada,...

A monolayer is a single, closely packed layer of entities, commonly atoms or molecules. Monolayers can also be made out of cells. Self-assembled monolayers...

fractured particles and also acts as a stable solid electrolyte interphase layer. These microparticles reached an energy density of 3,300 mAh/g. As of 2018...

Shearing layers is a concept coined by architect Frank Duffy, which was later elaborated by Stewart Brand in his book, How Buildings Learn: What Happens...

addressing can be used in the link layer (layer 2 in the OSI model), such as Ethernet multicast, and at the internet layer (layer 3 for OSI) for Internet Protocol...

application level. Each layer receives information from the layer above, processes it and passes it down to the next layer. Each layer adds encapsulation information...

flow separation or boundary layer separation is the detachment of a boundary layer from a surface into a wake. A boundary layer exists whenever there is...

layers. The background image is used as the bottom layer, and the image with parts to be added are placed in a layer above that. Using an image layer...

warming due to the greenhouse effect resulting from a greenhouse gases layer," by converting radiative energy at near-infrared wavelengths into radiation...

segment of the higher-level transport layer protocol, but may be data for an internet layer (e.g., ICMPv6) or link layer (e.g., OSPF) instead. IPv6 packets...

made up of water, electrolytes, proteins, lipids, and mucins that form layers on the surface of eyes. The four types of tears differ significantly in...

(born 25 May 1958) is an English actor best known for his roles as Duke in Layer Cake (2004), Bill Sikes in Roman Polanski's Oliver Twist (2005), Derek Branning...

The B-52 (also B52 or Bifi or Bifty) cocktail is a layered shot composed of coffee liqueur (Kahlúa), Irish cream (Baileys Irish Cream), and Grand Marnier...

stratified into layers, each hosting unique ecosystems. These include the emergent layer with towering trees, the densely populated canopy layer, the understory...

Spumoni (sg.: spumone) is a molded gelato made with layers of different colors and flavors containing candied fruits, chocolate, nuts, and nut brittle...

shell layer of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) by chitinolytic bacteria. Infection results in lesions and the degradation of each layer of shell...

lower mantle was the D layer. In 1949, Bullen found his 'D' layer to actually be two different layers. The upper part of the D layer, about 1,800 km thick...

transfer layer. The transfer layer receives messages from the physical layer and transmits those messages to the object layer. The transfer layer is responsible...

International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer (informally and simply called Ozone Day) is celebrated on September 16 designed by the United...

triple-layering fashion, with the polypropylene undergarments as Layer 1, the polyester shirt/bib, liners and cotton/nylon trousers as Layer 2, and Gore-Tex...

control information and user data. In the layered architectures of communication protocol stacks, each layer implements protocols tailored to the specific...

Angel cake is a type of British layer cake. List of cakes List of desserts Goldstein, D.; Mintz, S. (2015). The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets....

A thin film is a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer (monolayer) to several micrometers in thickness. The controlled synthesis of...

efficiency, depending on the 'costs' to the plant as a whole. The abscission layer is a greenish-greyish color.[citation needed] Abscission can also occur...

standards, and specifies the set of medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) protocols for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer...

catalana, is a dessert consisting of a rich custard base topped with a layer of hardened caramelized sugar. It is normally served slightly chilled; the...

commonly refers to an unusual abundance of the chemical element iridium in a layer of rock strata at the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary. The unusually...

fuel and other components wrapped in many layers. Around the column is first a "pusher-tamper", a heavy layer of uranium-238 (238 U) or lead that helps...

attached to the bottom. The benthic boundary layer, which includes the bottom layer of water and the uppermost layer of sediment directly influenced by the...

First 2 Layers, Orientation of the Last Layer and Permutation of the Last Layer. The method describes solving the cube in a layer-by-layer fashion. First...

with a rocky core surrounded by various layers of ice, including a crust of ice Ih and a subsurface layer of ammonia-rich liquid water. Much as with...

An atmosphere is a layer of gases that envelop an astronomical object, held in place by the gravity of the object. The name originates from Ancient Greek...

Defense in depth is a concept used in information security in which multiple layers of security controls (defense) are placed throughout an information technology...

even higher transfer rate is needed. 50 and 66 GB use two layers, and 100 GB uses three layers. Unlike conventional DVDs and Blu-rays, the 4K format does...

salt to soak in and preserve the meat. Salt pork is made by layering salt and thin layers of meat, then dousing it in a brine mixture once the desired...

The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting mainly of uterine smooth muscle cells (also called uterine myocytes) but also of supporting...

cake made of vanilla ice cream wrapped in a thin layer of sponge cake to form a roll, with a layer of raspberry flavoured sauce between the sponge and...

fascia) is a complex, multilayer arrangement of fascial and aponeurotic layers forming a separation between the paraspinal muscles on one side, and the...

cake ingredients. It can be prepared in various manners, including as a layer cake, as muffins and as cupcakes. Steamed banana cake is found in Malaysian...

The membranous layer of the superficial fascia of the perineum (Colles' fascia) is the deeper layer (membranous layer) of the superficial perineal fascia...

(metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) in which the oxide layer is replaced by a double layer of nitride and oxide. It is an alternative and supplement...

Cap carbonates are layers of distinctively textured carbonate rocks (either limestone or dolomite) that occur at the uppermost layer of sedimentary sequences...

habitats for many animals and plants. The understory is the underlying layer of vegetation in a forest or wooded area, especially the trees and shrubs...