DOSEN PROFIL LENGKAP

(dichotomy) established between languages and dialects. Natural languages are spoken, signed, or both; however, any language can be encoded into secondary...

and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians; both families together are sometimes known as Indic languages. Languages spoken by the remaining...

française [lɑ̃ɡ fʁɑ̃sɛːz] ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. Like all other Romance languages, French and its closest relatives—the langues...

Russian is one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station, one of the six official languages of the United Nations, as well as...

the daughter languages within a language family as being genetically related. The divergence of a proto-language into daughter languages typically occurs...

This is a list of languages by number of native speakers. All such rankings of human languages ranked by their number of native speakers should be used...

present-day living languages, as well as two major extinct branches, Anatolian and Tocharian. Today the individual Indo-European languages with the most native...

The Indo-Aryan languages (or sometimes Indic languages) are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. As of the early...

Anglic languages, including Scots and the extinct Fingallian and Yola dialects of Ireland. English was isolated from other Germanic languages on the continent...

130 to 195 languages are spoken in the Philippines, depending on the method of classification. Almost all are Malayo-Polynesian languages native to the...

BC. Several pre-Roman languages (also called Paleohispanic languages)—some distantly related to Latin as Indo-European languages, and some that are not...

languages across the globe throughout its history, especially languages where Islam had a historic presence. The most markedly influenced languages are...

German is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages. The Germanic languages are traditionally subdivided...

transcription delimiters. The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages or Latinic languages, are the languages that directly descended from...

The Canaanite languages, sometimes referred to as Canaanite dialects, are one of four subgroups of the Northwest Semitic languages of Western Asia. The...

kartveluri enebi), also known as South Caucasian or Kartvelic languages, are a language family indigenous to the South Caucasus and spoken primarily in...

other indigenous languages as official languages of the country. The major obstacle to the usage and teaching of Quechua languages is the lack of written...

The Afroasiatic languages (also known as the Afro-Asiatic, Afrasian, Hamito-Semitic, or Semito-Hamitic languages) are a language family (or phylum) of...

with less effort. These languages are known as high-level languages. Programming languages have some similarity to natural languages in that they can allow...

are generally considered typologically distinct languages. However, the local terms for these languages refer to them as dialects. The Circassian people...

The Dravidian languages are a family of languages spoken by 250 million people, primarily in South India, parts of North India, Bangladesh and Nepal,...

has over 500 languages (according to SIL Ethnologue), one of the greatest concentrations of linguistic diversity in the world. The languages of Africa belong...

Aramaic, Hebrew, Maltese, Modern South Arabian languages and numerous other ancient and modern languages. They are spoken by more than 460 million people...

language. Its formatting is visually uncluttered and often uses English keywords where other languages use punctuation. Unlike many other languages,...

Belt Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum) Hindi Divas – the official day to celebrate Hindi as a language. Languages of India Languages with official...

The Uralic languages (/jʊəˈrælɪk/ yoor-AL-ik), sometimes called the Uralian languages (/jʊəˈreɪliən/ yoor-AY-lee-ən), are spoken predominantly in Europe...

national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. German, French, and Italian maintain equal status as official languages at the...

classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused...

of languages List of countries and territories by official language World language Languages used on the Internet Extinct language Official languages of...

living language. Among the Indo-European languages, its date of earliest written attestation is matched only by the now-extinct Anatolian languages. The...

languages may refer to any languages spoken in Siberia, including: Eskaleut languages, spoken in northeastern Siberia Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages,...

Indian languages or Indian language may refer to: Languages of India, referring to the many languages spoken in India Languages of the Indian subcontinent...

Sea and Baltic coasts. The West Germanic languages include the three most widely spoken Germanic languages: English with around 360–400 million native...

Brittonic languages, a branch of Insular Celtic languages Common Brittonic, an ancient language once spoken across Britain Welsh language, spoken natively...

The Formosan languages are a geographic grouping of Austronesian languages spoken by the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. They do not form a single subfamily...

programming languages, with C compilers available for practically all modern computer architectures and operating systems. The book The C Programming Language, co-authored...

The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia, from Eastern Europe and Southern...

There are over 520 native languages spoken in Nigeria. The two official languages are English (which was the language of Colonial Nigeria) and French...

Goidelic languages, while Welsh, Cornish and Breton are Brittonic. All of these are Insular Celtic languages, since Breton, the only living Celtic language spoken...

The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of Indo-European languages (the others being the North...

than 1,175 languages, with the Tupi–Guarani languages predominating along the coast. Portuguese therefore did not become the majority language immediately...

non-Indo-European languages, most speak languages within either the Uralic or Turkic families. Still smaller groups — such as Basque (language isolate), Semitic...

significant work on the corpora of other languages, such as the Austronesian languages and the Native American language families. In historical work, the uniformitarian...

official languages, alongside English. Tagalog is closely related to other Philippine languages, such as the Bikol languages, the Bisaya languages, Ilocano...

The Sámi languages (US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee), also rendered in English as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by...

languages. Dari and Pashto serve as the two main official languages. Dari, historically serving as the region’s lingua franca, is a shared language between...

spoken language for most people. In the far-Southern Upper Nile Valley, around Kom Ombo and Aswan, there are about 300,000 speakers of Nubian languages, mainly...

The Sinitic languages, also known as the Chinese languages (simplified Chinese: 汉语族; traditional Chinese: 漢語族; pinyin: Hànyǔ zú), are a group of East Asian...

'village'), by which Gelong 仡隆 (Cun language) speakers refer to themselves. The Be languages are a pair of Kra–Dai languages, but its precise relationship to...

one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages. Goidelic languages historically formed a dialect continuum...

numerous minority languages, including over 200 different indigenous languages, such as Nheengatu (a descendant of Tupi), and languages of more recent European...

the Dravidian language family, and one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India. It is one of the few languages that has primary...

far the largest languages of this branch are Uzbek and Uyghur. Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid...

The languages of Australia are the major historic and current languages used in Australia and its offshore islands. Over 250 Australian Aboriginal languages...

Kingdom of Belgium has three official languages: Dutch, French, and German. A number of non-official, minority languages and dialects are spoken as well. The...

The Nuristani languages, known earlier as Kafiri languages, are one of the three groups within the Indo-Iranian language family, alongside the Indo-Aryan...

over 70 languages spoken as first languages. The majority of Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family...

Chuvash language. The first to branch off from the Turkic family, the Oghuric languages show significant divergence from other Turkic languages, which...

Zhōngwén) is an umbrella term for all Sinitic languages, widely recognized as a collection of language varieties, spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese...

merging. › The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavic peoples and their descendants...

Elana (1999). The languages of Israel: policy, ideology, and practice. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. ISBN 978-1-85359-451-9. Languages of Israel – Ethnologue...

languages may refer to: The Latino-Faliscan languages, an Italic language family consisting of Faliscan, Old Latin, and their descendants A language family...

language in Europe, being one of the official languages of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and one of the working languages of...

Futuna (see: Wallisian language, Futunan language) many languages in French Polynesia (Tahitian and other Eastern Polynesian languages) Shibushi in Mayotte...

Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly...

(lingua Latina or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins...

most-spoken language in the world. Approximately twenty Austronesian languages are official in their respective countries. By the number of languages they include...

The languages of Taiwan consist of several varieties of languages under the families of Austronesian languages and Sino-Tibetan languages. The Formosan...

Indo-European languages and are therefore closely related to the other two West Slavic subgroups: Lechitic and Czech–Slovak. Historically, the languages have also...

several languages. It is most commonly employed in situations such as trade, or where both groups speak languages different from the language of the country...

of Sinitic languages. Other Sino-Tibetan languages with large numbers of speakers include Burmese (33 million) and the Tibetic languages (6 million)...

a list of lists of languages. SIL International's Ethnologue: Languages of the World lists over 7,100 spoken and signed languages. The International Organization...

national language mostly out of respect to the indigenous communities that still exist. Most indigenous languages are endangered, with some languages expected...

Chapman calls "love languages". Empirical evidence does not strongly support its core claims. According to Chapman, the five "love languages" are: Words of...

The Brittonic languages (also Brythonic or British Celtic) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic languages; the other is Goidelic. It comprises...

Tifinagh letters. The Berber languages (also known as the Amazigh languages or Tamazight) are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They comprise a...

Bantoid languages. The total number of Bantu languages is estimated at between 440 and 680 distinct languages, depending on the definition of "language" versus...

number of creole languages is not known, particularly as many are poorly attested or documented. About one hundred creole languages have arisen since...

it is the national language, and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified...

The Meso-Melanesian languages are a linkage of Oceanic languages spoken in the large Melanesian islands of New Ireland and the Solomon Islands east of...

The languages of Ethiopia include the official languages of Ethiopia, its national and regional languages, and a large number of minority languages, as...

Elvish languages are constructed languages used by Elves in a fantasy setting. The philologist and fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien created the first of...

A constructed language is a language for communication between humans (i.e. not with or between computers) which, unlike most languages that naturally...

non-initial position in the Nakh languages. Lezgin language Lezgin ethnic groups Languages of the Caucasus Northeast Caucasian languages Мещеряков, Н. Л. "Малая...

labels four of the languages "definitely endangered" and two others "severely endangered". Phonologically, the Ryukyuan languages have some cross-linguistically...

there are various regional languages and languages brought by immigrants. Deaf communities in Poland use Polish Sign Language, which belongs to the German...

Italy Regional languages of Italy according to Clemente Merlo and Carlo Tagliavini in 1939 Languages and language islands of Italy Languages of Italy Main...

The Rajasthani languages are a group of various languages derived from Western Indo-Aryan languages, primarily spoken in Rajasthan and Malwa, and adjacent...

substrata from the other Italic languages) diversified into the Romance languages, which are the only Italic languages natively spoken today, while Literary...

languages have always been spoken in Canada. Prior to Confederation, the territories that would become Canada were home to over 70 distinct languages...

classification of the Japonic languages and their external relations is unclear. Linguists traditionally consider the Japonic languages to belong to an independent...

other important languages in Argentina with 200,000 speakers and 65,000 speakers respectively. Fifteen Indigenous American languages currently exist and...

The Atlantic–Congo languages make up the largest demonstrated family of languages in Africa. They have characteristic noun class systems and form the core...

the Oghuz language was the simplest among all Turkic languages. Swedish turcologist and linguist Lars Johanson notes that Oghuz languages form a clearly...

scheduled languages and officially recognized languages in the Constitution of India and has been conferred the status of the official language in many...

The Anatolian languages are an extinct branch of Indo-European languages that were spoken in Anatolia. The best known Anatolian language is Hittite, which...

Guaycuruana) is a language family spoken in northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul). The speakers of the languages are often collectively...

and Indo-Iranian languages (see Graeco-Aryan). Ancient Greek differs from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) and other Indo-European languages in certain ways....

Indo-Iranian languages and European languages, and as early as 1653, Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn had published a proposal for a proto-language ("Scythian")...

"Tocharian" remains the usual term for these languages. The discovered manuscripts record two closely related languages, called Tocharian A (also East Tocharian...

home to 51 living indigenous languages and 24 living non-indigenous languages, with the majority of people speaking languages of the Southwestern Tai family...

The Salishan languages (/ˈseɪlɪʃən/ SAY-lish-ən), also known as the Salish languages (/ˈseɪlɪʃ/ SAY-lish), are a family of languages spoken in the Pacific...

The Khoisan languages (/ˈkɔɪsɑːn/ KOY-sahn; also Khoesan or Khoesaan) are a number of African languages once classified together, originally by Joseph...

primary language used in parliamentary and state discourse, though all official languages are equal in legal status. The eleven official spoken languages were...

Dravidian languages, a family of around 26 languages native to the Indian subcontinent. It is also classified as being part of a Tamil language family that...

individuals' exposure to multiple languages has become increasingly possible. People who speak several languages are also called polyglots. Multilingual...

South American languages (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70414-3. Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America...

Northwest Caucasian languages, also called West Caucasian, Abkhazo–Adyghean, Abkhazo–Circassian, Circassic, or sometimes Pontic languages (from Ancient Greek...

The Ugric or Ugrian languages (/ˈjuːɡrɪk, ˈuː-/ or /ˈjuːɡriən, ˈuː-/) are a branch of the Uralic language family. Ugric includes three subgroups: Hungarian...

language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Yeniseian languages (/ˌjɛnɪˈseɪən/...

to communicate with speakers of other Chinese languages. This does not mean non-Mandarin Sinitic languages do not have vernacular written forms however...

two main official languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. There are also several official minority languages: three Sámi languages, as well as Romani...

varieties of Yiddish include elements of Slavic languages, and the vocabulary contains traces of Romance languages. Yiddish has traditionally been written using...

Ryukyuan languages), and Georgian to be the Kartvelian language family. There is a difference between language isolates and unclassified languages, but they...

romanized: Nichiryū gozoku) is a language family comprising Japanese, spoken in the main islands of Japan, and the Ryukyuan languages, spoken in the Ryukyu Islands...

The Frisian languages are the closest living language group to the Anglic languages; the two groups make up the Anglo-Frisian languages group and together...

family of African languages spoken over the majority of sub-Saharan Africa. It unites the Mande languages, the Atlantic–Congo languages (which share a characteristic...

representation of names of languages – Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages, is an international standard for language codes in the ISO...

certain languages—tonal languages—additionally use tones to distinguish one word from another, just as consonant and vowel sounds do in all languages. The...

known as the Language Question about the roles of these three languages. The Maltese population is generally able to converse in languages which are not...

programming languages (such as Fortran, BASIC, and C) are abstractions of assembly language. The earliest imperative languages were the machine languages of the...

In linguistics, attested languages are languages (living or dead) that have been documented and for which the evidence ("attestation") has survived to...

The Finnic languages, also known as Baltic Finnic languages, constitute a branch of the Uralic language family spoken around the Baltic Sea by the Baltic...

national level. There are 25 other official languages, which are used in different regions of Russia. These languages include; Ossetic, Ukrainian, Belarusian...

Indo-European (IE) languages, of which Albanian language varieties are the only surviving representatives. In current classifications of the IE language family,...

administrative language and Prakrit languages evolved into many regional languages in different parts of India. All these languages are called Prakrit languages (Sanskrit:...

The Ubangian languages form a diverse linkage of some seventy languages centered on the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo...

different sign languages. Sign languages are independent of spoken languages, have their own language families (see sign language families), and follow their...

The Altaic languages (/æl.ˈteɪ.ɪk/ , al-TAY-ik) or Altaic sprachbund are a sprachbund comprising the Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic language families. The...

languages are spoken, or historically have been spoken, in Zimbabwe. Since the adoption of its 2013 Constitution, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages,...

urbanization, language shift, and AI translation development – can affect these numbers. List of endangered languages in Africa List of endangered languages in Asia...

reconstructions of the proto-languages, indicating that these languages might be related. The internal structure of the Athabaskan language family is complex, and...

Polynesian languages form a genealogical group of languages, itself part of the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian family. There are 38 Polynesian languages, representing...

Aboriginal languages are those languages spoken by Australian Aboriginal people. There are more than 250 distinct languages. Australian languages have historically...

these languages are often undergoing a process of revitalisation. Languages that have first-language speakers are known as living languages. Languages have...

Although Afrikaans has adopted words from other languages, including German, Malay, and Khoisan languages, an estimated 90 to 95% of its vocabulary is of...

The indigenous languages of the Americas are the languages that were used by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, before the arrival of Europeans....

each with their own languages. The largest native languages spoken in East Malaysia are the Iban, Dusunic, and Kadazan languages. English is widely understood...

The majority of the languages of Spain belong to the Romance language family. Spanish is the only language with official status throughout the country...

various other Malayic languages. According to Ethnologue 16, several of the Malayic varieties they currently list as separate languages, including the Orang...

diverse group of languages, and are traditionally considered to be an outgroup, branching off first from the other Uralic languages. The term Samoyedic...

second-language speakers) spoke Arabic, whereas 24.8% spoke Berber languages. The languages of prestige in Morocco are Arabic in its Classical and Modern Standard...

The Ainu languages (/ˈaɪnuː/ EYE-noo), sometimes known as Ainuic, is a small language family, often regarded as a language family isolate, historically...

northern Tungusic languages Evenki, spoken in Northeast China and the Russian Far East, and Even, in northeastern Siberia. Many Tungusic languages are critically...

programming languages spans from documentation of early mechanical computers to modern tools for software development. Early programming languages were highly...

history of language into ancient times and the Neolithic. The distribution of languages has changed substantially over time. Major regional languages like Elamite...

developed. Critics contend the languages constructed for the films compared unfavorably with the true constructed languages found in some other fictional...

The Nahuan or Aztecan languages are those languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family that have undergone a sound change, known as Whorf's law, that...

linguistic groups found in Africa (see Languages of Africa). Languages spoken locally belong to three broad language families: Niger-Congo (Bantu branch)...

of the family's languages are spoken by minority groups and have no official status. Ethnologue identifies 168 Austroasiatic languages. These form thirteen...

widely used. In addition to C and Simula's influences, other languages influenced this new language, including ALGOL 68, Ada, CLU, and ML. Initially, Stroustrup's...

Kaman–Meyor, Midžuish, Southern Mishmi, or Geman languages are a small proposed family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken by the Kaman (Miju Mishmi) people of...

Furthermore, many other languages in non-Western scripts (e.g. Chinese or Arabic) do not have any capitalization at all, and even languages with capitalization...

of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. It developed from the languages brought to Great...

formed three groups, the Bengali–Assamese languages, the Bihari languages, and the Odia language. The language was not static: different varieties coexisted...

Colloquial English. A multitude of other languages are also used in Singapore. They consist of several varieties of languages under the families of the Austronesian...

programming languages, but more complicated or domain-specific features were not included; rather, it included mechanisms for extending the language, allowing...

area, as well as some Tupi–Guarani languages (especially Kawahíb), making it the probable urheimat of these languages and maybe of its speaking peoples...

programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC (which have their own page), esoteric programming languages, and markup languages are not...

West Iberian is a branch of the Ibero-Romance languages that includes the Castilian languages (Spanish, Judaeo-Spanish), Astur-Leonese (Asturian, Leonese...

Aryan languages may refer to: Proto-Indo-Iranian language, a reconstructed language of the Indo-European family Indo-Iranian languages, also known as Indo-Iranic...

distinct language. Languages that belong to the same ethnic group are usually mutually intelligible. The Dagbanli, Nanumba and Mamprusi languages of Northern...

The Iranian languages, or the Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively...

Sign languages (also known as signed languages) are languages that use the visual-manual modality to convey meaning rather than spoken words. They are...

Northern Mishmi (Mishmic), or Kera'a–Tawrã languages are a possible small family of possibly Sino-Tibetan languages spoken by the Mishmi people of southeastern...

and COBOL. The OOP features provided by languages varies. Below are some common features of OOP languages. Comparing OOP with other styles, like relational...

additional languages, heritage languages, languages in the religious domain, English as a lingua franca, and sign languages. The official language of Indonesia...

and earlier attested Indo-European languages, extremely early Germanic loanwords in Baltic and Finnish languages (for example, Finnish kuningas 'king')...

The Central Pacific languages, also known as Fijian–Polynesian languages, are a branch of the Oceanic languages spoken in Fiji and Polynesia. Ross et...

well, but evidence of such is limited. The Tyrsenian languages are Pre-Indo-European languages, and more specifically Paleo-European. In 1998 the German...

cuneiform script. The Scythian languages (/ˈsɪθiən/ or /ˈsɪðiən/ or /ˈskɪθiən/) are a group of Eastern Iranic languages of the classical and late antique...

English languages may refer to: Anglic languages, a linguistic family comprised Old English and its descendants English dialects, varieties of Modern English...

CLI languages are computer programming languages that are used to produce libraries and programs that conform to the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)...

Languages of Nepal, referred to as Nepalese languages in the country's constitution, are the languages having at least an ancient history or origin inside...

The languages of Venezuela refers to the official languages and various dialects spoken in established communities within the country. In Venezuela, Castilian...

Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger was an online publication containing a comprehensive list of the world's endangered languages. It originally replaced...

languages are listed following the classifications of Goddard (1996) and Mithun (1999). Extinct languages are marked with †, and endangered languages...

The Mande languages are a family of languages spoken in several countries in West Africa by the Mandé peoples. They include Maninka (Malinke), Mandinka...

languages, or Zanuri (Georgian: ზანური ენები) or Colchidian, are a branch of the Kartvelian languages constituted by the Mingrelian and Laz languages...

the five national minority languages — Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sámi languages and Yiddish — and Swedish Sign Language. For several centuries, Sweden...

An IETF BCP 47 language tag is a standardized code that is used to identify human languages on the Internet. The tag structure has been standardized by...

Uto-Aztecan languages, also known as the Uto-Aztekan or Uto-Nahuatl languages, are a family of Native American languages, consisting of over thirty languages. Uto-Aztecan...

branch encompasses all Eskimoan languages (Inuit and Yupik languages). The second branch consists of a single language, Aleut, spoken in the Aleutian Islands...

of the Ugric languages composed of multiple dialect continua. It is varyingly considered a language or a collection of distinct languages spoken in the...

Guaraní alongside Spanish, these being the official languages of the nation. The mixed form of these languages that also includes code-switching is known as...

Spanish, Japanese, Turkish, and other languages. German language in the Basic Law "BBC - Languages - Languages". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 25 September...

The South Slavic languages are one of the three branches of the Slavic languages. They have approximately 30 million speakers, chiefly in the Balkans...

The Valyrian languages are a fictional language family in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin, and in their television...

Karenic languages are tonal languages spoken by some 4.5 million Karen people. They are of unclear affiliation within the Sino-Tibetan languages. The Karen...

African languages as "national languages", and 25 are officially recognized by the government. Wolof is by far the most widely used language (53.5% of...

official language, with three states and most territories having adopted English plus one or more other official languages. Overall, 430 languages are spoken...

is the basis of alphabets used in various languages, past and present, Slavic origin, and non-Slavic languages influenced by Russian. As of 2011, around...

"procedural" languages, but this notion was abandoned by the European Commission, whereas the European Parliament accepts all official languages as working...

The Inuit languages are a closely related group of indigenous North American languages traditionally spoken across the North American Arctic and the adjacent...

kind of language, and include domain-specific markup languages, domain-specific modeling languages (more generally, specification languages), and domain-specific...

programming or procedural programming languages), or as a joke. The use of the word esoteric distinguishes them from languages that working developers use to...

number of languages List of languages by number of native speakers List of languages by total number of speakers Pidgin – Simplified language Rosetta Stone –...

be related but different enough to be separate languages, either among ancient neighboring languages or among modern varieties of Greek. While the bulk...

The Dardic languages (also Dardu or Pisaca), also known as Hindu-Kush Indo-Aryan languages, is a group of several Indo-Aryan languages spoken in northern...

conjugation patterns. The main tenses found in many languages include the past, present, and future. Some languages have only two distinct tenses, such as past...

are Indo-European, specifically Indo-Aryan languages and Dravidian languages in South Asia, Iranian languages in parts of West, Central, and South Asia...

studies) Languages of the Indian subcontinent, all the indigenous languages of the region regardless of language family, including: Dravidian languages Munda...

languages of Somalia and three official languages of Somaliland. It also serves as a language of instruction in Djibouti, and as the working language...

Like Swahili, the Comorian languages are Sabaki languages, part of the Bantu language family. Each island has its own language, and the four are conventionally...

East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of the Slavic languages, distinct from the West and South Slavic languages. East Slavic...

Loloish languages, also known as Yi (like the Yi people) and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a sub-branch of 50–100 Tibeto-Burman languages spoken primarily...

Abyssinian) is a family of languages spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Sudan. They form the western branch of the South Semitic languages, itself a sub-branch...

YEN-ih-SAY-ən) is a proposed language family consisting of the Yeniseian languages of central Siberia and the Na-Dene languages of northwestern North America...

being considered for merging. › The Nambikwaran languages are a language family of half a dozen languages, all spoken in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil...

other languages spoken on the peninsula before the late 7th-century Sillan unification comes largely from placenames. Some of these languages are believed...

[ˈnaːwat͡ɬ] ), Aztec, or Mexicano is a language or, by some definitions, a group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken...

with English as a recognised language. The languages spoken on the island nation are deeply influenced by the various languages in India, Europe and Southeast...

The Mongolic languages are a language family spoken by the Mongolic peoples in North Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe mostly in Mongolia...

branches: West Baltic (containing only extinct languages) and East Baltic (containing at least two living languages, Lithuanian, Latvian, and by some counts...

official language of the United Kingdom. A number of regional and migrant languages are also spoken. Indigenous Indo-European regional languages include...

languages are one of the three branches of the Germanic languages—a sub-family of the Indo-European languages—along with the West Germanic languages and...

maintaining that the Finno-Permic languages are as distinct from the Ugric languages as they are from the Samoyedic languages spoken in Siberia, or even that...

a list of languages used in Russia. Russian is the only official language at the national level and there are other 35 official languages, which are...

Kipchak languages (also known as the Kypchak, Qypchaq, Qypshaq or the Northwestern Turkic languages) are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family spoken...

formalizing natural languages, many of them developed formal languages for use in the sciences or formalized parts of natural language for investigation...

The Timoric languages are a group of Austronesian languages (belonging to the Central–Eastern subgroup) spoken on the islands of Timor, neighboring Wetar...

The Tuareg languages (English: /ˈtwɑːrɛɡ/) constitute a group of closely related Berber languages and dialects. They are spoken by the Tuareg Berbers in...

recognizes the three languages of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish, French and German) as administrative languages. French remains the language of legislation, due...

of modularity and code reuse in functional languages are fundamentally the same as in procedural languages, since they both stem from structured programming...

native regional languages such as Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, Balinese, Banjarese, and Buginese, as well as by foreign languages such as Arabic,...

Jewish languages are the various languages and dialects that developed in Jewish communities in the diaspora. The original Jewish language is Hebrew,...

The Anglo-Frisian languages are a proposed sub-branch of the West Germanic languages encompassing the Anglic languages (English, Scots, extinct Fingallian...

1.2%, Romani/Gypsy with 0.3% and other languages with 0.2%. In contrast, regarding the usually spoken language (limbă vorbită de obicei; distinct from...

structural changes. The vast majority of languages in the world are natural languages. As a category, natural language includes both standard dialects (ones...

China, and northeastern India. All languages in the family are tonal, including Thai and Lao, the national languages of Thailand and Laos, respectively...

Indo-Iranian languages, also known as Indo-Iranic languages, or Aryan languages, constitute the largest branch of the Indo-European language family. They...

languages are non-imperative, they often provide a facility for describing the effect of a function as a series of steps. Other functional languages,...

or Amuric, is a small language family, often portrayed as a language isolate, of two or three mutually unintelligible languages spoken by the Nivkh people...

The Malakula languages are a group of Central Vanuatu languages spoken on Malakula Island in central Vanuatu. Unlike some earlier classifications, linguist...

Miranyan, Miranya, Bórano) is a small language family, consisting of just two languages. The two Boran languages are: Boran Bora (a.k.a. Bora–Miranya,...

official languages. Many of the world's constitutions mention one or more official or national languages. Some countries use the official language designation...

languages (also known as A.3 West Chadic) are a branch of West Chadic languages spoken in Plateau State, north-central Nigeria. The Angas languages are:...

Brittonic language. Welsh and the extinct Cumbric, both Western Brittonic languages, are more distantly related, and the Goidelic languages (Irish, Manx...

The Eastern Iranian languages or Eastern Iranic languages are an areal subgroup of the Iranian languages, having emerged during the Middle Iranian era...

However, programming languages often cater to several programming paradigms, so programmers using "mostly imperative" languages may have utilized some...

the 22 scheduled languages of the Union. It is also the official language in the state of Gujarat, as well as an official language in the union territory...

This is a list of markup languages. This page directly lists markup languages that have not yet been assigned to more specific categories. However, many...

Sudan, the official languages of Sudan are Literary Arabic and English. Most languages spoken in Africa fall into four language families. Three of them—Afro-Asiatic...

Scandinavian languages. All Germanic languages are subject to the Grimm's law and Verner's law sound shifts, which originated in the Proto-Germanic language and...

Ural-Altaic family, as well as the Afroasiatic languages and the hypothetical Elamo-Dravidian languages. The Nostratic hypothesis originated with Holger...

The Araucanian languages /ˌærɔːˈkeɪniən/ are a small language family of indigenous languages of the Americas spoken in central Chile and neighboring areas...

of notable constructed languages is divided into auxiliary, ritual, engineered, and artistic (including fictional) languages, and their respective subgenres...

Visayan languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken in the Philippines. They are most closely related to Tagalog and the Bikol languages, all...

languages South Bougainville languages This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bougainville languages. If an internal link incorrectly...

vocabulary, and grammar with languages such as Indian Dravidian languages. Over a period of many centuries, the Marathi language and people have also come...

The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 gave the Welsh language official status in Wales. Welsh and English are de jure official languages of the Senedd...

dozen or so languages in the Tupi–Guarani language family. The best known language in this family is Guarani, one of the national languages of Paraguay...

standard languages (Standard Modern Greek and Standard Turkish) are used. According to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of the Council...

Western Romance languages in the course of the period from the 5th to the 8th centuries. To distinguish it within the Eastern Romance languages, in comparative...

Niger–Congo languages. This latter group comprises one Senegambian language (Fulfulde), 28 Adamawa languages, and 142 Benue–Congo languages (130 of which...

language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Cahuapanan languages...

A creole language is a stable natural language developed from a mixture of different languages. Unlike a pidgin, a simplified form that develops as a...

The Mayan languages are a language family spoken in Mesoamerica, both in the south of Mexico and northern Central America. Mayan languages are spoken by...

end of World War II and the Korean War. Along with other languages such as the Chinese languages and Arabic, Korean is ranked at the top difficulty level...

process of analyzing a string of symbols, either in natural language, computer languages or data structures, conforming to the rules of a formal grammar...

have several names in different languages, including former names. Many cities have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone...

Arabic dialect, is the most widely spoken language in Algeria, but a number of regional and foreign languages are also spoken. Standard Algerian Amazigh...

scripting languages: Python (website) Perl (website) Ruby (source code) F# (website) Julia (source code). General-purpose programming languages: Java via...

Empire existed). The other Anatolian languages included Luwian and later Lycian, Lydian and Milyan. All these languages are believed to have become extinct...

is a family of Native American languages that includes at least the Athabaskan languages, Eyak, and Tlingit languages. Haida was formerly included but...

Peru has many languages in use, with its official languages being Spanish, Quechua and Aymara. Spanish was introduced by conquistadors in the 1500s; it...

Spurious languages are languages that have been reported as existing in reputable works, while other research has reported that the language in question...

Algic languages belong to the Algonquian subfamily, dispersed over a broad area from the Rocky Mountains to Atlantic Canada. The other Algic languages are...

(Didoic) languages to form an Avar–Andic (or Avar–Andic–Didoic) branch of that family. Schulze (2009) gives the following family tree: Andic languages Andi...

original languages, both Kichwa and Shuar are spoken within the corresponding indigenous communities and are legally considered as official languages of intercultural...

of the Byzantine Empire Languages of the Roman Empire Romance languages, the languages descended from Latin, including French, Spanish and Italian Romanesco...

Balto-Slavic languages form a branch of the Indo-European family of languages, traditionally comprising the Baltic and Slavic languages. Baltic and Slavic...

Arawakan languages that are extinct and poorly documented. However, apart from transparent relationships that might constitute single languages, several...

notable programming languages, grouped by notable language attribute. As a language can have multiple attributes, the same language can be in multiple...

categorisation of languages as classical languages. In 2004, Tamil became the first language to be recognised as a classical language of India. As of 2024...

Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani or Vainakh-Daghestani, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian Sea...

of the Old Norse language; Danish and Swedish are also classified as East Scandinavian or East Nordic languages. Scandinavian languages are often considered...

spoken languages have not been written, all written languages have been predicated on an existing spoken language. When those with signed languages as their...

of the six official languages of the United Nations, one of the national languages of Taiwan, and one of the four official languages of Singapore. It is...

style sheet languages. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL) Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) JavaScript...

25%) Russian (2.36%) Serbo-Croatian (2.08%) Other (5.64%) Languages of Montenegro are languages that are spoken in Montenegro. According to the Constitution...

Japanese language, Ryūkyūan languages are spoken in Okinawa and parts of Kagoshima in the Ryūkyū Islands. Along with Japanese, these languages are part...

Celtic languages are the group of Celtic languages spoken in Brittany, Great Britain, Ireland, and the Isle of Man. All surviving Celtic languages are in...

The Tai languages (/ˈtaɪ/ TIE), also known as Zhuang–Tai and Daic languages (/ˈdaɪ.ɪk/ DYE-ik), are a branch of the Kra–Dai language family. The Tai languages...

in traditional compiled languages. Java gained popularity shortly after its release, and has been a popular programming language since then. Java was the...

Iroquoian languages (/ɪrəˈkwɔɪən/, irr-ə-KWOY-ən), occasionally referred to as the Ogwehoweh languages, are a family of indigenous languages of North America...

apply to any of the languages spoken in Europe and there are translations in many languages. Educational bodies for various languages have offered estimates...

of Languages, pursuant to a resolution of UNESCO. The resolution also reaffirmed the need to achieve full parity among the six official languages on United...

further enriched and developed by the other languages of the Philippines. Filipino, like other Austronesian languages, commonly uses verb-subject-object order...

"Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". In Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle (eds.). The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World...

Senegambian languages, traditionally known as the Northern West Atlantic, sometimes confusingly referred to in literature as the Atlantic languages, are a...

Gagauzes (0.1%). The following table gives the native languages (but not necessarily the languages spoken at home) with their number of speakers according...

Indo-European languages, Lithuanian is conservative in its grammar and phonology, retaining archaic features otherwise found only in ancient languages such as...

considered for merging. › The West Semitic languages are a proposed major sub-grouping of Semitic languages. The term was first coined in 1883 by Fritz...

The Malayalamoid languages, also known as the Malayalam languages, are the group of Dravidian languages and dialects most closely related to Malayalam...

called gradual typing, which is also implemented in other programming languages such as ActionScript. Hack's type system allows types to be specified...

the Bolivian Sign Language (closely related to the American Sign Language). Indigenous languages and Spanish are official languages of the state according...

sole official language until 1974. Today, the Basic Law of Hong Kong states that English and Cantonese are the two official languages of Hong Kong. All...

Igboid language constitute a branch of the Volta–Niger language family. Williamson and Blench conclude that the Igboid languages form a "language cluster"...

The Nilo-Saharan languages are a proposed linguistic family consisting of around 210 Native African languages spoken by somewhere around 70 million speakers...

Northwest Semitic is a division of the Semitic languages comprising indigenous languages of the Levant. It emerged from Proto-Semitic in the Early Bronze...

languages, also known as Enlhet–Enenlhet, Lengua–Mascoy, or Chaco languages, are a small, closely related language family of Paraguay. The languages are:...

Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken...

The Central Semitic languages comprise one of the two groups of West Semitic languages, the other being the South Semitic languages. They are therefore...

Zone Indo-Aryan languages, and sometimes treated as a group of its own. Romani shares a number of features with the Central Zone languages. The most significant...

Brazilian states also have co-official languages, with 61 co-officialized languages. The list can be seen at Languages of Brazil. "Population". United Nations...

language family. It consists of the Northern Bantoid languages and the Southern Bantoid languages, a division which also includes the Bantu languages...

demonstrated. Nile Nubian languages are spoken chiefly along the Nile in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. Other Nubian languages are spoken farther afield...

is a multilingual country with over 70 estimated languages in active use. Of the 44 living languages documented, 41 are indigenous and 3 are non-indigenous...

The Omotic languages are a traditionally recognized but disputed grouping of languages spoken mainly in southwestern Ethiopia, around the Omo River region...

Eastern Romance languages are a group of Romance languages. The group comprises the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian), the Aromanian language and two other...

being a U.S. state. Velupillai, Viveka (2015). Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 519. ISBN 978-90-272-5272-2...

stated that "Papua New Guinea has 832 living languages (languages, not dialects)." 25 of those languages are officially recognized, with the country's...

standard languages being not mutually intelligible. Finnish demonstrates an affiliation with other Uralic languages (such as Hungarian and Sami languages) in...

Japonic languages (Japanese, Hachijō, Ryukyuan languages) Kherwarian languages Koreanic languages (Korean, Jeju) Classical Latin Lakota Mande languages Mongolian...

Languages. Buske, 1983. P. 105ff. Campbell, George L.: Concise Compendium of the world's languages. London: Routledge 1999. Dupree, Louis: "Language and...

following list includes more than a dozen indigenous languages amongst living languages and extinct languages in the country: Arabic: spoken by the Lebanese...

The Chʼolan-Tzeltalan languages form a top-level branch of the Mayan family of languages, comprising two subbranches, Ch'olan and Tzeltalan. In total,...

consistent. Agglutinative languages are a subset of synthetic languages. Within this category, they are distinguished from fusional languages, where morphemes...

Gaelic are minority languages. The dialect of English spoken in Scotland is referred to as Scottish English. The Celtic languages of Scotland can be divided...

more fluent speakers left. Although languages have always become extinct throughout human history, endangered languages are currently dying at an accelerated...

The Siangic languages (or Koro-Holon languages) are a small family of possibly Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. The...

character description language for CJK (PDF), Multilingual, #91, vol. 18, pp. 62–68 Cook, Richard (2003), Chinese Character Description Languages (PDF)...

Borneo languages Central Sarawak languages Kayan–Murik languages Land Dayak languages Malayo–Chamic Chamic languages Malayic languages Rejang language Sundanese...

contains information on French pidgin languages, contact languages that lack native speakers. These contact languages are not to be confused with non-creole...

programming languages History of programming languages List of programming languages List of Rust software and tools Outline of the Rust programming language Including...

Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. Campbell, Lyle (2024-06-25), "Indigenous Languages of South America", The Indigenous Languages of...

as a single language but is actually a group of related languages. Some languages differ more from each other than the Romance languages do among themselves...

belong to the larger category of Gallo-Romance languages, which also include the historical languages of east-central France and western Switzerland,...

The Munda languages are a group of closely-related languages spoken by about eleven million people in India, Bangladesh and Nepal. Historically, they have...

(2005) in Ethnologue divides Wichí into three separate languages and Chorote into two languages. Matacoan Wichí-Chorote Wichí (also known as Mataco, Wichi...

reported as a parent language) whereas 4–17% were loan words from other African languages. Only 2–8% were from non-African languages, and Arabic loan words...

Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Languages of Armenia Language families and languages List of Indo-European languages Spelled in classical orthography...

corresponds to a single syntactic feature. Languages that use agglutination widely are called agglutinative languages. For example, in the agglutinative Turkish...

Many languages are spoken, written and signed in Norway. In Norway, the indigenous languages, Norwegian and Sámi, have official status. Out of them, Norwegian...

22 languages have been classified as scheduled languages under the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India. There is no national language of India...

The Nilotic languages are languages spoken across wide areas between Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Uganda...

a universal language; there are between 200-300 officially recognized signed languages around the world, and ASL is one of those languages. ASL originated...

typed languages, such as Pascal, are based on the idea that functions and procedures, and hence their operands, have a unique type. Such languages are said...

comparative method to all the attested Slavic languages and by taking into account other Indo-European languages. Rapid development of Slavic speech occurred...

known languages of South America: the major western Amazonian language Ticuna, the poorly attested and extinct Yurí, and the scarcely known language of the...

and ethnic grouping of Sino-Tibetan languages, spoken mostly by Naga peoples. The Northern Naga or Konyak languages do not fall within the group, in spite...

distinguished from Arabic and other Semitic languages since its morphology has been deeply influenced by Romance languages, namely Italian and Sicilian. The original...

the world's population. The Indo-European languages include some 449 (SIL estimate, 2018 edition) languages spoken by about 3.5 billion people or more...

The Tsezic languages (also called Didoic languages) form one of the seven main branches of the Northeast Caucasian language family. It branches into Tsez–Hinukh...

The Chadic languages form a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are spoken in parts of the Sahel. They include 196 languages spoken across...

The Tibetan languages or Tibetic languages are a branch of the Tibeto-Burman languages in the Sino-Tibetan language family. Descending from Old Tibetan...

(formerly known as Irian Jaya). Skou languages are unusual among Papuan languages for being tonal; all Skou languages possess contrastive tone. Vanimo, for...

became one of three official languages and after the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948, one of two official languages of Israel, along with Modern...

Colombians speak the Spanish language. Sixty-five Amerindian languages, two Creole languages, the Portuguese language and the Roma language are also spoken in the...

language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Pidjanan languages are...

Sumerian, and certain Indo-European languages such as Pashto, the Kurdish languages and many others. An ergative language maintains a syntactic or morphological...

The Elvish languages of Middle-earth, constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien, include Quenya and Sindarin. These were the various languages spoken by the Elves...

The Tsouic languages (also known as the Central Formosan languages) are three Formosan languages, Tsou proper and the Southern languages Kanakanavu and...

and Hungarian – in addition to other minority languages spoken in Russia. Both of the Nenets languages have been greatly influenced by Russian. Tundra...

another Thaypan / Rarmul Pama language. Pama–Maran languages Hale, Kenneth L. (1964). "Classification of Northern Paman Languages, Cape York Peninsula, Australia;...

The Ottilien or Watam-Awar-Gamay languages are a small family of clearly related languages, Watam–Kaian, Gamei (Mbore), and Bosman–Awar. They are generally...

Chonan languages are an extinct family of indigenous American languages which were spoken in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia. Two Chonan languages are well...

Traditionally considered a single language, they constitute a branch of the Ugric languages, within the broader Uralic language family. They are often considered...

between the three Goidelic languages (Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx). Gaelic is a collective term for the Goidelic languages, and when the context is...

Dené–Yeniseian languages are a recent proposal which has been generally well received, whereas reconstructions of the Proto-World language are often viewed...

Tupi language families due to contact. Extensive lexical similarities between Cariban and various Macro-Jê languages suggest that Cariban languages had...

Mango Languages. As of April 2019, Mango Languages offers 71 language courses. Additionally, the service offers English lessons in 17 languages and specialty...

The Paleo-Balkan languages are a geographical grouping of various Indo-European languages that were spoken in the Balkans and surrounding areas in ancient...

Woccon † (†) – Extinct language Siouan languages can be grouped into Western Siouan languages and Catawban. The Western Siouan languages are typically subdivided...

Occitano-Romance, Gallo-Italic or Rhaeto-Romance languages. Old Gallo-Romance was one of the two languages in which the Oaths of Strasbourg were written...

dying. There are also three languages that recently became extinct. Most languages spoken locally belong to two broad language families: Niger-Congo (Bantu...

systems. A large number of modeling languages appear in the literature. Example of graphical modeling languages in the field of computer science, project...

Roman Empire giving rise to Romance languages outside Italy, displacing Gaulish and many other Indo-European languages. The superstratum case refers to elite...

the non-Semitic Sumerian language and adopted cuneiform writing. East Semitic languages stand apart from other Semitic languages, which are traditionally...

formal language theory, an abstract family of languages is an abstract mathematical notion generalizing characteristics common to the regular languages, the...

The Western Iranian languages or Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC)...

list of lists of extinct languages. List of extinct languages of Africa List of extinct languages of Asia List of extinct languages and dialects of Europe...

"The Soyot Language". Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia. UNESCO. Retrieved 2021-07-18. "Kumandin". ELP Endangered Languages Project....

second language is a classical language.[citation needed] In comparison, living languages with a large sphere of influence are known as world languages. The...

functional programming languages, such as Haskell, or in scripting languages, such as Python or Perl, or in imperative programming languages such as C or C++...

language. // Languages of the World: Turkic languages. pp. 242–254. ISBN 5-85759-061-2. Kenesbaev & Karasheva (1966). Kazakh language. // Languages of...

are 36 indigenous living languages, which include 17 Tibeto-Burman, 10 Indo-Aryan, 7 Austroasiatic and 2 Dravidian languages in Bangladesh. Bangladesh...

uncertain). Since the Bantu languages are spoken across most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Bantoid comprises 643 languages as counted by Ethnologue, though...

language-family proposal uniting the Uralic and the Altaic (in the narrow sense) languages. It is now generally agreed that even the Altaic languages...

is a language of South America that belongs to the Tupi–Guarani branch of the Tupian language family. It is one of the two official languages of Paraguay...

The official language of Greece is Greek, spoken by 99% of the population. In addition, a number of non-official, minority languages and some Greek dialects...

languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in southern Africa (mainly South Africa, Zimbabwe and Eswatini) by the Nguni people. Nguni languages include...

creole languages List of countries by English-speaking population List of languages by total number of speakers British Empire List of link languages Geolinguistics...

derives from Romance languages, but it also contains elements derived from Germanic, Greek, and Slavic languages. One of the language's most notable features...

(Loos 1999). Most Panoan languages are spoken in either Peru or western Brazil; a few are in Bolivia. All Tacanan languages are spoken in Bolivia (Ese’ejja...

Puyo-Koguryoic languages are four languages of northern Korea and eastern Manchuria mentioned in ancient Chinese sources. The languages of Buyeo, Goguryeo...

The Zhuang languages (/ˈdʒwæŋ, ˈdʒwɒŋ/; autonym: Vahcuengh [βa˧ɕuːŋ˧], Sawndip: 話僮) are more than a dozen Tai languages spoken by the Zhuang people of...

The Bole–Tangale languages (also known as the A.2 West Chadic languages) are a branch of West Chadic languages that are spoken in various states of northeastern...

The Paleo-European languages (or Old European languages) are the mostly unknown languages that were spoken in Neolithic (c. 7000 – c. 1700 BC) and Bronze...

the Turkic languages, is proficiently spoken by 80.1% of the population according to the 2021 census, and has the status of "state language". Russian,...

populations of widely-varied dialects, as well as a few different languages; some examples of languages and regional accents (and/or dialects) within Great Britain...

Worrorran (Wororan) languages are a small family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Western Australia. The Worrorran languages fall into three...

Wu languages.Hokkien, one of the Min languages, has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language alongside Mandarin. Chinese languages other...

safety is the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors.[vague] Type-safe languages are sometimes also called strongly or strictly...

The languages spoken in Hungary include Hungarian, recognized minority languages, and other languages. Minority languages are spoken in a number of autochthonous...

The Bʼaga languages, also known as Gumuz, form a small language family spoken along the border of Ethiopia and Sudan. They have been tentatively classified...

speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive...

refers to: Khowar language, a Dardic language of Chitral, Pakistan Chitral(i) language(s) may also refer to: any of the languages of Chitral a subgroup...

Undeclared (2.40%) Unknown (4.30%) Languages spoken in the Serbian province of Vojvodina include South Slavic languages (Serbian, Croatian, Macedonian, Montenegrin...

least six of the nineteen languages and dialects of Bhutan are Central Bodish languages. Dzongkha is a Central Bodish language with approximately 160,000...

Semitic languages (such as Aramaic) and South Semitic languages (such as Geʽez) in its subject–object–verb word order, while the other Semitic languages usually...

Slavic languages' (Sussex & Cubberley 2006). Czech and Slovak are more closely related to each other than to the other West Slavic languages, and also...

The family of Southeast Solomonic languages forms a branch of the Oceanic languages. It consists of some 26 languages covering the Eastern Solomon Islands...

Puinave-Makú languages, together with the Tucano family, the Katukinan, Waorani and Ticuna languages in the Macro-Tukano trunk. Puinave-Maku and the language isolate...

The Ewenic languages, also known as the Northern Tungusic languages, form a subgroup of Tungusic languages of Far East Russia and northeastern China....

Development of Procedural Programming Languages Personal Contributions and Perspectives". Modular Programming Languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science...

Chinese is the official language of China and Taiwan, one of four official languages of Singapore, and one of six official languages of the United Nations...

been suspected for a decade. Along with the Tuu languages and Khoe languages, they are one of three language families indigenous to southern Africa, which...

needed] The Ukrainian language has the following similarities with and differences from other Slavic languages: Like all Slavic languages with the exception...

provincial official languages alongside Spanish and the indigenous Moqoit and Qom. The Wichí languages include the following languages: Noktén (a.k.a. Noctén...

have two or more native languages, thus being a native bilingual or indeed multilingual. The order in which these languages are learned is not necessarily...

are speech sounds that occur as consonants in many languages of Southern Africa and in three languages of East Africa. Examples familiar to English-speakers...

aboriginal man in the two languages. In 2004 it was demonstrated that Ngarrkic is related to the neighbouring Ngumpin languages. McConvell, Patrick; Laughren...

The Heptapod languages are two constructed fictional languages used in Ted Chiang's novella, "Story of Your Life", as well as its later film adaptation...

The Vasconic languages (from Latin vasco 'Basque'), also called Euskarian or Basque-Aquitanian, are a putative language family that includes Basque and...

The Land Dayak languages are a group of dozen or so languages spoken by the Bidayuh (Land Dayaks) of northwestern Borneo, and according to some sources...

minority-language literature. Different publications have reported different statistics for the languages of Iran; however, the top three languages spoken...

students to collect field data on little-known languages for their Ph.D. dissertations. The Himalayan Languages Project was officially commissioned by the...

being one of very few languages with six tone levels, though only three are needed for writing. The Central Plateau languages are a close geographical...

morphophonetic rules are common in Turkmen and Turkish languages. For instance, both languages show vowel harmony and consonant mutation rules, and have...

definition, the language is spoken by over 14 million people. The larger group of historically related languages—called Shona or Shonic languages by linguists—also...

(eastern) and Inlaod (western). Itneg languages almost sound the same with Ilocano, Pangasinan, and other Igorot languages. Itneg speakers use 5 vowel sounds:...

Kiranti') languages were a proposed intermediate level of classification of the Sino-Tibetan languages, consisting of the Kiranti languages and neighbouring...

official language." About 250 languages are spoken throughout Austria, though many have very small populations of speakers. Only about 20 languages (apart...

characters and Latin characters. Languages of the Indo-European family are classified as either centum languages or satem languages according to how the dorsal...

The Kwerbic, or Greater Kwerba, languages are a family of just under a dozen Papuan languages spoken in Indonesia. The Kwerba family is clearly established...

influences) and Nogai languages. Most of the Uralic languages in the Volga River area have strongly influenced the Tatar language, as have the Arabic,...

The Nakh languages are a group of languages within the Northeast Caucasian family, spoken chiefly by the Chechens and Ingush in the North Caucasus. Bats...

the official languages of Ethiopia, together with other languages like Oromo, Somali, Afar, and Tigrinya. Amharic is an Afro-Asiatic language of the Southwest...

the data for all of these languages is poor. This hypothetical group of languages has been termed the Cholonoid languages. Jolkesky (2016) notes that...

Twenty-two Mayan languages are spoken, especially in rural areas, as well as two non-Mayan Amerindian languages: Xinca, an indigenous language, and Garifuna...

script. A separate group of non-Kurdish Northwestern Iranian languages, the Zaza–Gorani languages, are also spoken by several million ethnic Kurds. The literary...

The Newaric languages are a proposed group of Sino-Tibetan languages. George van Driem (2003) and Mark Turin (2004) argue that Newar and Baram–Thangmi...

Mexico spoke a single or related languages. Coahuiltecan continues to be a convenient collective term for the languages and people of this region. Similarities...

other Nguni languages to a lesser extent. Nguni languages are, in turn, classified under the much larger abstraction of Bantu languages. Xhosa is the...

government services in both languages across Canada. In addition to the symbolic designation of English and French as official languages, official bilingualism...

Foreign Languages Publishing House may refer to: Foreign Languages Publishing House (North Korea), Pyongyang Foreign Languages Publishing House (Soviet...

Pashayi (or Pashai) is a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken by the Pashayi people in parts of the Kapisa, Laghman, Nangarhar, Nuristan, Kunar, and Kabul...

The Grassfields languages (or Wide Grassfields languages) are a branch of the Southern Bantoid languages spoken in the Western High Plateau of Cameroon...

more languages spoken as first languages in the territory of a country may be referred to informally or designated in legislation as national languages of...

operating systems. Most assembly languages do not provide specific syntax for operating system calls, and most assembly languages can be used universally with...

Keith; Berry, Christine (1987). "A survey of some West Papuan phylum languages". Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and Cultures. 4: 25–80. v t e v t e...

from other Turkic languages is the rounding of the vowel /ɑ/ to /ɒ/ under the influence of Persian. Unlike other Turkic languages, vowel harmony is almost...

The High German languages (German: hochdeutsche Mundarten, i.e. High German dialects), or simply High German (Hochdeutsch [ˈhoːxˌdɔɪ̯t͡ʃ] ) – not to be...

The Ijaw languages (/ˈiːdʒɔː/), also spelled Ịjọ, are the languages spoken by over 14 million Ijaw people in Nigeria. The Ijo languages were traditionally...

programming languages List of Ruby programming books List of Ruby software and tools Metasploit Why's (poignant) Guide to Ruby Crystal (programming language) Ruby...

official languages, French and Arabic. Ethnologue reports over 120 indigenous languages in the country. Nevertheless, French remains the primary language of...

Latino-Faliscan or Latinian languages were a group of Italic languages within the Indo-European family. They were spoken by the Latino-Faliscan people...

meanings in world languages and by weighting those sound patterns by the number of speakers of those languages. The list of source languages used for the algorithm...

in other languages. The Tamil language, primarily spoken in southern India and Sri Lanka, has produced loanwords in many different languages, including...

existence of this group of languages is discussed on both linguistic and political bases. The classification of Occitano-Romance languages has been debated since...

countries by number of languages according to the 22nd edition of Ethnologue (2019). Papua New Guinea has the largest number of languages in the world. This...

(Marind–Yakhai) languages are a well established language family of Papuan languages, spoken by the Marind-anim. They form part of the Trans–New Guinea languages in...

being considered for merging. › The Yabutian or Jabutian languages are two similar moribund languages of southern Rondônia, Brazil, namely Arikapú (Maxubí)...

languages and Burushaski in Asia; Na-Dené languages in North America; as well as Vasconic languages (including Basque) and North Caucasian languages from...

The Caucasian languages comprise a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in and around the Caucasus Mountains...

Bantik and Ratahan languages, which are Sangiric languages, as well as the Ponosakan language, which is a Gorontalo–Mongondow language, are more distantly...

for distinguishing dialects from languages, there may be as few as a dozen or as many as fifty-three Mixtec languages. The name "Mixteco" is a Nahuatl...

Hlai languages Kam-Sui languages Kra languages Be language Tai languages Northern Tai languages Central Tai languages Southwestern Tai languages Northwestern...

The Saharan languages are a small family of languages across parts of the eastern Sahara, extending from northwestern Sudan to southern Libya, north and...

be a member. The closest relatives of Totozoquean may be the Huavean languages. Comparative proto-Totozoquean reconstructions are proposed in Brown et...

The Southern Bantu or siNtu languages are a large group of Bantu languages, largely validated in Janson (1991/92). They are nearly synonymous with Guthrie's...

languages (/ˈjuːkəɡɪər/ YOO-kə-geer or /juːkəˈɡɪər/ yoo-kə-GEER; also Yukagir, Jukagir) are a small family of two closely related surviving languages—Tundra...

The Tuu languages, or Taa–ǃKwi (Taa–ǃUi, ǃUi–Taa, Kwi) languages, are a language family consisting of two language clusters spoken in Botswana, South Africa...

The Nunusaku languages are a group of Malayo-Polynesian languages, spoken on and around the island of Seram, Indonesia. None of the languages have more than...

of XML languages, for convenience in describing constraints on the XML constructs those languages allow. XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language) is a family...

South American languages (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70414-3. Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America...

Arunachal languages are various languages in Arunachal Pradesh, India traditionally classified as Sino-Tibetan languages, but that may be language isolates...

The Central Luzon languages are a group of languages belonging to the Philippine languages. These are predominantly spoken in the western portions of the...

the Indo-European language family. The two languages have several characteristics that set them apart from all other Slavic languages, including the elimination...

language, a planned language focused on one particular region, often blending elements of somewhat related languages in that region Minority language...

The Papuan languages are the non-Austronesian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands in Eastern...

Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › ‹ The template Infobox language family is being considered for merging. › The Chicham languages, also...

describing sets of strings. Regular languages are closed under alternation, meaning that the alternation of two regular languages is again regular. In implementations...

The Caspian languages are a key branch of North-Western Iranian languages spoken in Iran and parts of the Azerbaijan Republic, south and west of the Caspian...

*nd to /k/ (via *hr) has also occurred in the Bewani languages and some of the Vanimo languages. */k/–/f/ metathesis still operates in Fas. /s/–/f/ and...

analytic languages. Fusional languages favor inflection and agglutinative languages favor agglutination. Further divisions include polysynthetic languages (most...

journal of Scottish languages and linguistics, published by the Association for Scottish Literary Studies Languages of Scotland, the languages spoken or once...

ISO 639-1, established to identify languages in computer systems, and ISO 639-2, which encodes a few hundred languages for library cataloguing and bibliographic...

The Sarmi–Jayapura languages consist of half a dozen languages spoken on the northern coast of Papua province of Indonesia: Sobei, Bonggo, Tarpia (Sarmi)...

as the Rhaeto-Romance languages, though this is disputed. Romansh is one of the descendant languages of the spoken Latin language of the Roman Empire,...

Czech–Slovak languages (or Czecho-Slovak languages) are a subgroup branched from the West Slavic languages comprising the Czech and Slovak languages. Most varieties...

treat the Kadu languages as an independent family. Blench (2006) notes that Kadu languages share similarities with multiple African language phyla, including...

dialect continuum (language complex) spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and Angola by the ǃKung people, constituting two or three languages. Together with the...

The Bengali-Assamese languages (also Gauda–Kamarupa languages) is a grouping of several languages in the eastern Indian subcontinent. This group belongs...

Kra-Dai languages Thai Lao Hmong-Mien languages Hmong Maybrat Mixtec Sango Yoruba Auxiliary verb Free morpheme Isolating language Zero-marking language Synthetic...

Uyghur languages. Kazakh and Turkmen, which are not within the Karluk branch but are in the Kipchak and Oghuz branches of the Turkic languages respectively...

science, formal languages are used, among others, as the basis for defining the grammars of programming languages and controlled natural languages (i.e., formalized...

several other languages have also begun to be studied and used. Kurmanji, spoken by the Yazidi minority, is the largest minority language of Armenia. Other...

The Mordvinic languages, also known as the Mordvin, Mordovian or Mordvinian languages (Russian: мордовские языки, mordovskiye yazyki), are a subgroup...

Any of the other Tibetan languages Old Tibetan, the language used from the 7th to the 11th century Central Tibetan language, which forms the basis of...

some classifications of the Turkic languages, a sub-branch that includes all of them except the Oghuric languages, which had diverged earlier. Lars Johanson's...

Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer). Like natural languages, programming languages follow rules...

Quechumaran or Kechumaran is a language family proposal that unites Quechua and Aymaran. Quechuan languages, especially those of the south, share a large...

in what is now northwestern Iran, and a variety of languages of the Caucasus and Iranian languages spoken in the Caucasus, particularly Udi and Old Azeri...

Maninke, Minyanka, Senufo, Songhay languages, Soninke and Tamasheq are official languages. French is the working language. In 2024, the Francophone population...

The Mel languages are a branch of Niger–Congo languages spoken in Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. The most populous is Temne, with about...

Hmongic languages and Mienic languages. The largest differences are due to divergent developments in their phonological systems. The Hmongic languages appear...

Dravidian languages family. It includes the literary languages Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Tulu, as well as several non-literary languages such as Badaga...