Java compiler

A Java compiler is a compiler for the Java programming language.

Some Java compilers output optimized machine code for a particular hardware/operating system combination, called a domain specific computer system. An example would be the now discontinued GNU Compiler for Java.[1]

The most common form of output from a Java compiler is Java class files containing cross-platform intermediate representation (IR), called Java bytecode.[2]

The Java virtual machine (JVM) loads the class files and either interprets the bytecode or just-in-time compiles it to machine code and then possibly optimizes it using dynamic compilation.

A standard on how to interact with Java compilers was specified in JSR 199.[3]

It is provided by module jdk.compiler, and requires the full Java Development Kit (as opposed to just the Java Runtime Environment), and reside in the javax.tools.* namespace.[4]

Example

package org.wikipedia.examples;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.File;

import javax.tools.JavaCompiler;
import javax.tools.ToolProvider;

public class Example {
    private final String TEST_FILE_NAME = "Test.java";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File sourceFile = new File(TEST_FILE_NAME);
        if (!sourceFile.exists()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("File path %s does not exist!", TIME_FILE_NAME));
        }
        JavaCompiler compiler = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler();

        if (compiler == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Compiler not available. Are you running on a JRE instead of a JDK?");
        }

        int result = compiler.run(null, null, null, sourceFile);

        System.out.printf("Compilation result: %s%n", result == 0 ? "Success" : "Failure");
    }
}

See also

References

  1. ^ "GCJ - past, present, and future". Archived from the original on 2019-08-02. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
  2. ^ "The Java Virtual Machine Specification, Java SE 8 Edition, Section 1.2". Archived from the original on 2021-09-24. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
  3. ^ "JSR 199: JavaTM Compiler API". Archived from the original on 2021-09-24. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
  4. ^ "JavaCompiler (Java SE)". docs.oracle.com. Oracle Corporation. Retrieved 21 October 2025.


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