DOSEN PROFIL LENGKAP

An isidium (plural: isidia) is a tiny, wart- or finger-like outgrowth on the thallus surface of certain lichen species. It is one of two principal types...

some species reproduce through specialised propagules called soredia or isidia, others form small cup-like fruiting bodies (apothecia) on their surface...

wide and up to 7 cm long. The asexual reproductive structures soredia and isidia are present on the thallus surface. Minute (0.5–1.5 mm in diameter) cephalodia—pockets...

Brazil. The species is distinctive for its dense cover of short, finger-like isidia (asexual outgrowths) and for yellow pigments in its inner tissues. It was...

initially forms small areolae but later develops predominantly short, thin isidia, and contains argopsin as its main secondary metabolite. Originally discovered...

new species in 2014, it is primarily distinguished by its striking white isidia that contrast with its light olive-green thallus. The lichen was recognized...

appearance, and by its lack of vegetative propagules such as soredia or isidia. It grows on the bark of deciduous and evergreen trees in cool montane forests...

patches with narrow lobes and produces tall, slender reproductive structures (isidia) that help distinguish it from related species. Anzia entingiana was described...

small pitted surface, and characteristic dark reproductive structures (isidia) that give it a rough texture. Genetic studies suggest this lichen represents...

asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around...

characteristic features of Pseudevernia consocians are its well-developed, numerous isidia, relatively narrow lobes, and the presence of the lichen product lecanoric...

(the leaf-like edges), a pale yellow-green upper surface, and cylindrical isidia (tiny outgrowths) with brown tips. It grows on sandstone in low-rainfall...

packed isidia—minute, finger-like outgrowths that contain both fungal and algal partners and snap off easily to start new colonies. The isidia are cylindrical...

name brasilisidiata reflects both its Brazilian origin and the presence of isidia (small reproductive structures). The lichen can be distinguished from similar...

has a thin, shiny, pale olive-green to olive-grey thallus with numerous isidia. Secondary chemicals in the lichen that are detectable with thin-layer chromatography...

unique cylindrical isidia, this lichen is similar in appearance to Coccocarpia domingensis but has distinct differences in isidia shape and arrangement...

jellyskin is distinguished from those congeners by its uniformly cylindrical isidia, bluish thallus that lacks phyllidia, and the absence of cortex perforations...

leaf-like rosettes with abundant coral-like reproductive structures known as isidia. It contains a unique combination of secondary metabolites, including pannarin...

becomes densely covered with small, finger-like projections called isidia. These isidia are granular to cylindrical in shape, sometimes branching, and measure...

epithet refers both to its Australian distribution, and the presence of isidia. Secondary chemicals in the lichen that are detectable with thin-layer chromatography...

('bearing isidia'), alluding to the lichen's star-shaped (stellate) lirellae and its coarse, cylindrical isidia—the first time true isidia have been recorded...

tiny, cylindrical outgrowths (isidia) on their surface. The lichen primarily reproduces by vegetative means when these isidia break off and establish new...

Nostoc commune. It reproduces when pieces of the thallus break off, or when isidia, soredia, and apothecia are produced. It is tolerant of desiccation, shrinking...

wrinkled surface with black-edged margins, small finger-like projections (isidia) that may branch in a coral-like manner, and a brown underside with simple...

thalloconidia from the lower thallus surface or lichenized propagules such as isidia or soredia. The secondary chemistry of the genus is dominated by gyrophoric...

consolidated soil alongside bryophytes. The species epithet refers to the isidia-like appearance of the thallus. "Vahliella isidioidea Pérez-Vargas, Hern...

species of lichen. It is pale grey, but darker in the centre, and lacks isidia, lobules, soredia and pruina.It tests positive K+ yellow upper cortex with...

less linear lobes that are 0.3–1 mm wide. The large, hollow, spherical isidia are a characteristic feature of this lichen. It contains evernic acid and...

Species are characterised by thalli dominated by dense clusters of granular isidia with blackened tips, and they produce confriesiic and friesiic acids as...

in Central America, it is characterized by its thin, shiny thallus, and isidia (reproductive propagules) that emerge from the surface. Discovered in Costa...

characterised by its microfoliose thallus and squamiform (scale-shaped) isidia. Coccocarpia melloniorum was formally described by lichenologist Robert...

2018. Found in Brazil, it is characterised its dense layer of cylindrical isidia and unique ascospore characteristics. Rinodina densisidiata was formally...

ochrophaeae, but differs by having a thallus with papilliform (nipple-shaped) isidia, measuring 0.1 by 0.3 mm; the species epithet refers to this prominent feature...

smooth pale green to yellow upper surface. It produces mostly globular isidia (minute outgrowths used in vegetative spread), and the cortex and medulla...

shifts to grey-white or fawnish when dry. The thallus bears tiny spherical isidia that break off easily, leaving characteristic pits, and produces reddish-brown...

is a small, squamulose lichen characterised by distinctive finger-like isidia, native to South Africa. Parmeliella dactylifera was formally described...

southern Brazil. The species is densely covered with gnarled, finger-like isidia (small outgrowths of the thallus). It also has unusually large, many-chambered...

reproductive organs on it. These may be apothecia (ascospore-producing bodies), isidia or soralia (both vegetative structures). In between these two layers is...

characteristic that distinguishes it from others in its genus is its conspicuous isidia, which are consistently inflated and branched. This lichen has a moderately...

species. The lichen reproduces primarily through small breakaway outgrowths (isidia) and produces the rare pigment isidiosin, which was named after this species...

high altitudes in the Venezuelan Andes, it is characterised by its unique isidia-covered thallus and specific ascospore morphology. Rinodina maronisidiata...

seen in lichens with usnic acid. There are no asexual structures (soredia, isidia), but there are apothecia (the fungal sexual structures) that have the characteristic...

professional football Ishida has become a professional singer. In 2022 Isidia was hired as the assistant coach of Yokohama FC Seagulls, and was made head...

structures called soralia, from which the soredia can be dispersed by wind. Isidia (singular: "isidium") are branched, spiny, elongated, outgrowths from the...

or shiny. Its smooth surface may have fine fissures but lacks soredia, isidia, and a powdery coating (pruina). The wart-like apothecial verrucae on the...

fruticose lichen that grows from holdfasts on trees. It is warty with abundant isidia. It resembles Usnea filipendula. List of Usnea species NatureServe. "Usnea...

and is distinctive for being the first species in its genus to produce isidia, small cone-shaped structures used for vegetative reproduction. The lichen...

on acidic, lime-free rocks and is characterized by abundant coral-like isidia that often cover much of the surface. Fertile structures are rare. When...

Acanthotrema Closeup of the white isidia characteristic of Acanthotrema alboisidiatum Scientific classification Kingdom: Fungi Division: Ascomycota Class:...

III. The species is distinguished by its unusual vegetative structures (isidia), which are uniquely fringed with tiny hair-like projections. It has been...

lobes that have an abrupt margin at the edge, and no prothallus. It lacks isidia or soredia. Apothecia may be immersed in the thallus or adnate to it, with...

evidence showed it to be a distinct species. It differs in having thicker isidia that develop from the centre of the pseudocyphellae, and it mainly grows...

whose edges can be slightly wrinkled and warted; tiny clonal outgrowths (isidia) occur on one or both surfaces. Unlike many related species, it does not...

in the United States. Characteristic features of the lichen include its isidia-like soredia, rhizines that are relatively broad and short, slender ascospores...

include the presence or absence of asexual reproductive structures such as isidia, soredia, and lobules. Cetrelia lichens are chemically diverse and produce...

upper surface is covered with globose, pustule-like growths resembling isidia. The lower surface is black with a narrow brown zone at the margins. Cortex...

produces fruiting bodies, instead reproducing mainly through small outgrowths (isidia) on its upper surface. The species is known only from central Queensland...

characterized by a shiny surface covered with numerous tiny projections (isidia) and very small pale pores. It is distinguished by its strongly branched...

known only from Guadalupe Island. The epithet, isidiosa is in reference to isidia (isidium) on the thallus. Niebla isidiosa is characterized by a rigid thallus...

wide linear soralia. These soralia are filled with spinulose (spine-like) isidia and spinules, which often have brown tips. The main branches of the lichen...

1.0 mm wide, with a concave, dark brown disc. X. sleei does not produce isidia or soredia, which are common reproductive structures in many lichens. Chemical...

the family Peltigeraceae. It is characterised by its laminal clustered isidia that grow in pits, a shiny and scarred grey upper surface, and its thin...

exceed 1 mm. The surface lacks vegetative propagules: both soredia and isidia are absent. Sexual structures (apothecia) are common and match the thallus...

type locality. The species epithet refers to the clavate (club-shaped) isidia. List of Caloplaca species Kondratyuk, Sergiy Y.; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Elix...

slightly flattened, but not hollow, isidia. Wang and co-authors also reported that, unlike M. elegantula, the isidia of M. subelegantula lack pseudocyphellae...

varies from smooth to slightly rough. This surface is adorned with numerous isidia (reproductive propagules), ranging from spherical to richly branched, primarily...

colour, size and reticulate maculae. C. caroliniana, however, has true isidia. Big coralloid pustules that in some cases become sorediate are a characteristic...

ascomycetes: Trichotheliaceae), a remarkable new species with phyllophiale-type isidia". The Lichenologist. 31 (4): 349–358. doi:10.1006/lich.1999.0206. Breuss...

had morphological differences, such as a marginal prothallus and longer isidia. Phylogenetic analysis indicates the species is closely related to Megalaria...

by its yellow-green foliose thallus of narrow lobes bearing cylindrical isidia and a characteristic brown lower surface. It belongs to the Xanthoparmelia...

similar to X. minuta in appearance and chemistry, but the latter species has isidia and traces of gyrophoric acid. List of Xanthoparmelia species "Xanthoparmelia...

presence and morphology of soralia, isidiomorphs (structures resembling isidia but originating from medullary hyphae), and the form and arrangement of...

and trace amounts of norstictic acid. The species epithet alludes to the isidia, which erupt into "pustulate or coarsely subsorediate masses". List of Xanthoparmelia...

The lichen has a thin, pale yellowish-green thallus lacking soredia and isidia. It has numerous wart-shaped apothecia, the same colour as the thallus,...

found growing on tree bark. The species epithet refers to both the frequent isidia and the presence of lichexanthone, a lichen product that causes the thallus...

overlapping lobes that are closely attached to its substrate, moderate to dense isidia, and a pale brown lower surface with sparse dark brown rhizines. It is chemically...

upstream from Manaus. The species epithet isidiifera refers to the presence of isidia on the thallus. Sittiporn Parnmen, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch...

species' flattened isidia. It can be separated from the superficially similar L. subexornata by those papillose, plate-like isidia and by its chemistry:...

widespread Parmelia saxatilis, but has a more fragile thallus and smaller isidia. Parmelia rojoi was formally described as a new species in 2020 by Ana Crespo...

usnic acid in its cortex, and salazinic acid in its medulla and laminal isidia. In this it resembles Hypotrachyna microblasta, but the latter has wider...

species is characterised by its shiny, olive-green thallus with numerous isidia and low conical ascomata. Porina monilisidiata was formally described by...

with black and white. It does not have maculae, pustulae, soredia, nor isidia. Ascospores have an ellipsoid to ovoid shape with one or two slightly spiky...

and dull inward. It lacks common reproductive propagules like soredia or isidia, but forms pseudocyphellae, which are depressed, rounded to irregular patches...

shiny and black-margined at the lobe tips. The surface lacks soredia and isidia, which are structures involved in reproduction and dispersal. The lower...

(4–6 in), with elongated linear lobes and distinctive powdery structures (isidia-like soredia) for reproduction. The species has a complex taxonomic history...

human livelihood. This new species reminds us of Amy because its yellow isidia are radiant and full of life. It's UV+ orange reaction further reminds us...

lichen has a smooth and dull, olive-green thallus with soredia, but lacking isidia. It contains 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid as a major lichen product. List...

about 0.1 mm in diameter that develop branched and coral-like (coralloid) isidia that are densely packed to form a nearly continuous layer over the thallus...

becoming paler towards the end of their lobes or isidia tips. The surface can be either glossy or matte. The isidia sometimes appear in abundance to form raised...

is white, while the lower surface of the thallus is black. Soralia and isidia are absent from the thallus surface. The conidia made by the lichen have...

greyish-green, leafy thallus that produces abundant tiny outgrowths called isidia along the lobe margins and upper surface for reproduction. It grows in the...

characterized by its pale olive-tan crustose thallus with distinctive cylindrical isidia. The species is found in eastern North America, ranging from Ontario, Canada...

whereas L. subexornata bears cylindrical isidia and produces gyrophoric acid, L. auriculata develops flattened isidia with darkened tips and contains an unidentified...

coral-shaped isidia—tiny, finger-like outgrowths 0.1–0.5 mm wide that begin as pinkish-tan warts and branch upward. Some specimens bear isidia across most...

the green algae genus Trebouxia. It reproduces asexually by isidia. The ontogeny of isidia development and its role in CO2 gas exchange in P. furfuracea...

shaded habitats. The specific epithet refers to the corymbose (clustered) isidia found along the margins of the lobes. Mercado‐Díaz, Joel A.; Lücking, Robert;...

olive-grey and can reproduce through both vegetative structures (soredia or isidia) and, in one species, through sexual spore-producing structures (apothecia)...

Pannariaceae. It has a squamulose (scaley) thallus that lacks soredia and isidia (vegetative propagules), but has abundant apothecia (spore-bearing structures)...

to 3 in) in diameter. The vegetative reproductive structures soredia and isidia are present on the surface of the thalli, often abundantly. Like most lichens...

(biology) (Siam is a historical name for Thailand) and the presence of isidia. The asci of this species contain 16 ascospores; this feature helps to distinguish...

pseudocyphellae on some lobes, and its isidia (coral-like outgrowths) develop on small, more or less spherical papillae, with the isidia being cylindrical to irregular...

in Jammu-Kashmir. The lichen has short and narrow lobes and funnel-like isidia that sometimes break off and leave bare spots on the substrate. If rhizines...

increase despite challenging conditions. The species reproduces through isidia, though laboratory and field studies indicate these reproductive structures...

reproduces mainly through small spherical or cylindrical outgrowths called isidia, which occasionally break down into powdery structures, while fruiting bodies...

has an opaque, irregular, yellowish-green thallus that lacks soredia and isidia. It is characterised from other Diorygma species by its ascospores, which...

locality. Characteristics of Leptogium patwardhanii include the presence of isidia and the multilayered cortex of the thalline exciple. Its ascospores are...

mainly on rock and has globose, pustular outgrowths (somewhat similar to isidia) on the upper surface of the lobes, but does not produce granular soredia...

patches that are densely covered with tiny upright finger-like outgrowths (isidia), on living leaves in tropical montane (mountain) forests and on bark in...

area of up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. It lacks a prothallus, soredia, and isidia. The photobiont partner is a member of the green algal genus Trentepohlia...

(3⁄16 in) broad. The upper surface is pale olive-green to red-brown, with isidia (propagules of vegetative reproduction) that are unbranched, inflated, and...

grey-green thallus, which varies from smooth to uneven and produces slender isidia, tiny outgrowths, up to 2 mm in length. Lichenologist Robert Lücking first...

appearance, but can be distinguished from H. diffractaica by the presence of isidia. It also tends to grow at slightly lower elevations. In 2018, H. diffractaica...

Flavoparmelia caperata, but differs from that species mainly in the form of its isidia. "Flavoparmelia plicata Aptroot & M. Cáceres". Catalogue of Life. Species...

dull towards the interior. No vegetative propagules such as soredia or isidia were observed. The medulla is white. The lower surface is flat, black and...

older parts of the thallus densely develop cylindrical, simple to branched isidia, which are reproductive propagules. The rhizines on the lower surface are...

transverse cracks and becomes areolate in the centre. The upper surface lacks isidia and soredia (propagules for vegetative reproduction). The medulla is white...

characteristic of the species is the coralloid (coral-shaped) clumps of isidia-like outgrowths on the thallus surface. The lichen was formally described...

Australian spiny anteater), alluding to the dense, spiny appearance of its isidia, resembling the spines of an echidna. The thallus of Xanthoparmelia echidnaformis...

outer layer (cortex), but it lacks other common lichen structures like isidia (vegetative reproductive structures) or tomentum (a layer of fine hairs)...

brown disc covered in pale brown pruina. The thallus surface lacks soredia, isidia, and lobules. Instead, the non-peripheral part of the thallus becomes dissected...

Graphidaceae. It forms a smooth, greenish-grey to grey crust and produces isidia, small coral-like outgrowths used for asexual reproduction. The fruiting...

asexually by vegetative reproduction when possible. Foliose lichen use isidia which are cylindrical finger like protuberances from the upper cortex in...

measures 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) broad. It has dense, globose (roughly spherical) isidia that are constricted at the burst, and burst open at the tip. List of Xanthoparmelia...

identified as S. namibensis. This misidentification arose due to the removal of isidia during storage, leaving distinct marks on the specimen. Nylander's original...

greenish to brownish thallus up to about 3 cm across, made of small, globose, isidia-like areoles that can become elongated and forked. These structures arise...

on sheltered or flat lobe surfaces, with cells up to 20 μm long. Mature isidia are granular and cylindrical, about 10 μm in diameter, and darker and browner...

hairs emerging from the incisions, particularly at the lobe tips. Marginal isidia are also present, which are terete to flattened and unbranched to branched...

whitish, continuous surface covered with small cylindrical structures called isidia, which help it reproduce vegetatively. Like other members of its genus,...

powdery (leprose) appearance, a superficial thallus and lacks apothecia and isidia. Because its thallus is made entirely of powdery soredia that covers the...

Many species reproduce asexually through small, breakaway outgrowths (isidia) rather than forming the more typical disk-shaped fruiting bodies. Oceanoplaca...

lacks pseudocyphellae but often forms reticulate cracks towards the centre. Isidia are absent in this species. The lower surface of Lobariella reticulata is...

smooth, lacking any raised structures or reproductive organs like soredia or isidia. The medulla, or inner layer of the thallus, is white. The margin of the...

with a pale grey, slightly shiny upper surface adorned with cylindrical isidia. The lichen was described as new to science in 2011 by the Dutch lichenologist...

(moniliform) undersurface but differs in growing on rock rather than bark, lacking isidia, and having different medullary compounds. He also distinguished A. gallowayi...

black and completely free of powdery or wart-like propagules. No soredia, isidia or lobules are produced. At, or just behind, the tips develop pale-yellow...

rugulose and brown at the tips as it matures. Unlike many lichens, it lacks isidia and soredia but features small, somewhat cylindrical lobules that are terminal...

while the lower side is yellowish grey to whitish, covered with fine hairs. Isidia (vegetative outgrowths) and lobules are absent. The thallus is attached...

is concave around the margins. It is often densely covered with granular isidia measuring 60–100 μm in diameter. The thallus has a distinct cortex made...

when fresh (drying to a pale yellow/cream colour), and has no soredia or isidia. The species has areoles with irregular-crenate margins measuring 0.25–0...

makes isidiate soralia, while C. epiphorellus makes clustered coralloid isidia, and soredia are absent. Coelopogon abraxas also makes epiphorellic acid...

both hyphae of the mycobiont and the algae (phycobiont) (see soredia and isidia). Larger fragments of the thallus may break away when the lichen dries or...

oval in shape, and typically measure 0.1–0.5 mm wide. Numerous knob-like isidia cover the thallus surface; they are particularly dense near the centre....

California. It is distinguished from other members of its genus by the isidia that fringe the edges of its linear lobes; the Culbersons described it as...

resembles Porina ornata in appearance but differs in having disc-shaped isidia, yellow perithecia lacking apical appendages, and ascospores that are smaller...

surprising presence of prominent effigurate maculae (shapeless spots) and isidia, features that are not commonly observed together in the genus Xanthoparmelia...

readily identified by its characteristic button-like, blue-black outgrowths (isidia) that cover the lobes and often become dense in the centre of the thallus...

that have a jelly-like texture when wet. Small bead-like propagules called isidia are often abundant on its surface. The species grows on hard limestone and...

the presence of usnic acid), continuous cilia on the margins, cylindrical isidia with cilia, and the presence of gyrophoric acid in the medulla. Parmotrema...

may form small cracks. There are no lacinules, pustules or soredia. The isidia are the same colour as the thallus, cylindrical, and erect, ranging from...

of a lichen and become detached from the thallus to disperse the lichen. Isidia are structures larger than soredia, and contain both the mycobiont and the...

and greyish-brown, measuring up to 1.5 mm (0.06 in) wide. Greyish-blue isidia covers the squamules and obscure the thallus. The lichen is somewhat similar...

Retrieved 22 September 2017. Kershaw, K. A.; Millbank, J. W. (April 1970). "Isidia as Vegetative Propagules in Peltigera Aphthosa VAR. Variolosa (Massal.)...

measure 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) across. The upper surface is covered with isidia, while the lower surface has pale, indistinct veins and unbranched rhizines...

recognized by its lead-gray, wrinkled lobes bearing abundant cylindrical isidia (small finger-like outgrowths). The species is widely distributed in Brazil...

long and 0.1 mm thick at the base. The lichen does not produce soredia or isidia, which are structures used by some lichens for reproduction. The thallus...

and depressions, has pseudocyphellae (tiny pores for gas exchange) and isidia, but lacks soralia. The thallus undersurface is black with a brown margin...

lichen's lobes are irregularly outlined and branched, and bear granular isidia, tiny outgrowths on the lichen surface. Notable features of the lichen include...

pseudocyphellae up to 2 mm long, giving the lichen a mottled appearance. Isidia are absent. The lower surface is cream to yellow-brown, darkening with age...

A distinguishing characteristic of this species is the coarse and dark isidia-like soredia that tend to accumulate in older parts of the thallus surface...

the genus Usnea. The surface is covered with isolated, or clusters of, isidia. It lacks apothecia. The common name is bloody beard lichen. The thick axis...

clump into larger granules that may form tiny bud-like fragments; true isidia (minute surface outgrowths) also occur in some species. A black prothallus...

that is uneven and may appear granular, with some granules resembling tiny isidia. Its pale apothecia are small (to about 0.5 mm wide) and range from whitish...

irregularly shaped areoles with a chartreuse thallus color. It lacks soredia, isidia, or other lichenized diaspores. The apothecia are frequent but often lack...

comprising lobes that are 1–2 mm. The thallus surface is densely covered with isidia that are more or less globose (roughly spherical) with a constriction at...

family Parmeliaceae. This species is characteristic by the occurrence of isidia together with fatty acids. It is similar externally to Canoparmelia amazonica...

numerous spherical to finger-like (dactyliform) to narrowly obovate, hollow isidia, and small conical perforations in the thallus. It contains thamnolic acid...

frequency from scarce to densely tangled. Although it does not have soredia or isidia, it produces apothecia (fruiting bodies) that are initially level with the...

crowded and usually overlapping. The thallus' upper surface often features isidia that range in shape from spherical to branched cylinders. The lower surface...

thallus and isidia-like structures. These structures, while superficially resembling true isidia, lack cortices and thus referred to as isidia-like. Herpothallon...

thailandica has a smooth, dull, greyish-green thallus that lacks soredia and isidia. It has many verruciform apothecia that measure 0.3–1.5 mm in diameter....

small crystals. This species does not make vegetative propagules such as isidia or soredia. The ascomata of Thelotrema fijiense are roundish, measuring...

pores that allow for gas exchange), usually on warts or on the tips of isidia, a non-pored epicortex and a medulla containing depsidones or lacking secondary...

surface. The thallus attaches to the rock via an umbilicus and lacks both isidia and soredia, reproductive propagules found in some lichens. The lobes are...

orange-brown or rust-brown upper surface found centrally. The species lacks isidia, maculae, pruina, pseudocyphellae and soredia. The apothecia are aspicilioid...

projections (isidiate) with rounded to short cylindrical finger-like growths (isidia) that are simple with fused outer layers, blackened, intact tips. The inner...

surface, appearing in a greyish-white hue, often devoid of soredia and isidia. Its elongated lirellae, ranging from 0.4–1.9 mm long and 0.1–0.2 mm wide...

covered with a dense layer of richly branched, cylindrical isidia up to 1.5 cm long. The isidia are greenish-grey with blackened tips on the upper side and...

characteristic of Phaeophyscia sciastra is the presence of black, granular isidia that occur in both laminal and marginal areas of the thallus. Apothecia...

greyish-yellow and is smooth, lacking vegetative reproductive structures like isidia or soredia. The lower surface is white, with a spongy underlayer (hypothallus)...

(maculae) that many foliose lichens display; it carries neither soredia nor isidia, instead developing occasional pustules near the margins. These blister-like...

and have isidia, and a smooth, more or less shiny thallus; this morphotype occurs in the genera Myriotrema and Ocellularia. isidium Plural isidia. A propagule...

chains of cells throughout the thallus without creating a separate layer. Isidia can be present or absent, while soredia are not found in this genus. The...

olive green, surrounded and partly dissected by a thin black prothallus. Isidia are absent. The photobiont is trentepohlioid (i.e., green algae from the...

Niebla usneoides, which also contains sekikaic acid but differs in having isidia (isidium). Niebla lobulata has been included under a very broad species...

towards the tips. These lobes often carry numerous tiny, nearly spherical isidia—minute outgrowths that act as vegetative propagules—about 7–20 (rarely up...

pitted surface, and has clustered, knob-like projections called corymbose isidia. It also has a dark lower layer of fine hairs called tomentum, and its small...

Natural Area. Mónica Adler interpreted the soredia of this species as tiny isidia, and proposed to synonymise the taxon with the South American species Punctelia...

with pseudocyphellae and soredia. The soredia, which somewhat resemble isidia, are abundant and are concentrated along the margins of the thallus. The...

appearing grey or greenish grey, and can turn orange-red when abraded. Neither isidia nor soralia (reproductive propagules) are present on this species. The medulla...

coral-like (coralloid) outgrowths (up to about 0.3 mm high), resembling isidia. Its fruiting bodies (apothecia) are dark grey to black and small (up to...

cracked into small areoles. Its surface is crowded with coarse, cylindrical, isidia-like papillae that are typically 2–3 mm tall and 0.5–2 mm wide. These outgrowths...

thallus with shallowly scalloped margins that carry many very short, slender isidia (some appearing as tiny granules). Mason Hale later cited the specimen "Yasuda...

which the lichen exchanges gases. Unlike some relatives, L. angustata lacks isidia or phyllidia (small reproductive outgrowths). The lower surface is cream‑coloured...

small rosettes with brownish-orange areoles, and it occasionally develops isidia. Its rare apothecia (fruiting bodies) are round, with brownish-orange margins...

(covered in tiny elongated granule-like thallus outgrowths that resemble isidia); the individual granules are 50–125 μm in diameter. The thallus is surrounded...

convex patches; some species develop tiny wart-like swellings or minute isidia‐like granules that break off to start new colonies. In a few taxa the lichen...

1–1.5 wide. The thallus surface is pruinose and covered with cylindrical isidia. The medulla is white. The thallus undersurface is pale tan to pale brown...

texture. The upper surface is greenish white to pinkish, and the lichen lacks isidia and soredia (and is also reported without pustules or pruina). The species...

diameter. The upper surface is covered with tiny black dots that are granular isidia; the lower surface is the same colour as the upper surface, and is either...

lichen. It has a reddish brown prothallus, medium sized green granules with isidia, and narrow ellipsoid simple ascospores. It contains methyl 2,7-dichloropsoromate...

but can be distinguished by its smaller size, the distinct colour of its isidia, and its genetic makeup. The type specimen of Peltigera alkalicola was collected...

family Parmeliaceae. Among other Bulbothrix species, only B. isidiza has isidia combined with an underside that is light coloured. B. isidiza's laciniae...

that the genus was characterised by the absence of specialised propagules (isidia or soredia) and by protocetraric acid chemistry. Molecular phylogenetics...

present, and the frequent occurrence of asexual propagules such as schizidia, isidia, or soredia. A key diagnostic feature is the presence of calcium oxalate...

in diameter. The lobes are irregular in shape and measure 0.8–2 mm wide. Isidia and soredia are not present on the thallus. The medulla is white with a...

upper surface. The thallus lacks vegetative propagules such as soredia and isidia, and is instead composed of long, flat lobes that spread outward and often...

colour, which branches 0.1–0.2 mm in diameter. Propagules such as soralia, isidia and spinules are absent from the thallus. Pseudocyphellae (tiny pores that...

propagules are confined to the presence or absence of tiny finger‑like isidia, as soredia do not form in the genus. The lichen produces numerous, stalkless...

70 μm. The thallus is smooth and dull, devoid of warts, and features isidia. These isidia are granular to coralloid, measuring 0.05–0.1 mm in length and 0...

rounded photobiont cells (3.5–13 μm across). The crust produces no soredia or isidia, and no hypothallus is evident. Under long-wave ultraviolet light the thallus...

propagules that contain both mycobiont and photobiont, such as soredia and isidia. As part of his duties as Professor of Botany, Elfving mentored a number...

lichen is a small species with a short stipe that forms small lobes with isidia on the margins, and black cilia. It grows on bark covered in mats of bryophytes...

irregular, whitish grey crust on the bark substrate. It lacks soredia and isidia (vegetative propagules). Its ascomata are white, have a rounded to irregular...

from 0.4 to 2.0 mm as opposed to 0.4–1.1 mm. Additionally, it has laminal isidia that frequently mature into phyllidia, larger cilia and rhizines, and longer...

into isidia, which can vary in shape from initially cylindrical to dactyliform and sometimes flattened or squamulose-lobulate. With age, the isidia become...

whereas the central parts are dull and finely wrinkled. No soredia or isidia vegetative propagules are produced by H. guatemalensis, and the upper cortex...

anthraquinone reaction). No powdery reproductive structures such as soredia or isidia are present. Internally, the upper cortex is thin and loosely woven, the...

surface is pale yellow-green, smooth to rugulose, and immaculate, without isidia. The medulla is white, and the lower surface is black with sparse rhizines...

lobes that are 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) wide. Pseudocyphellae are rare; dense isidia occur on the thallus surface. The thallus undersurface ranges in colour...

warted to wrinkled and greyish to dull bluish-grey. It lacks soredia and isidia and shows no reaction to potassium hydroxide (K−) or calcium hypochlorite...

produced by some lichens). The vegetative propagules called soredia and isidia are absent, although apothecia are common. It has been described as possessing...

is characterised by narrow, crisped lobes and abundant tiny outgrowths (isidia) and small flap-like lobules used for vegetative spread. It lacks visible...

(lobules) occur towards the thallus centre (typically 0.2–1.0 mm wide). Isidia (minute, finger-like outgrowths used for vegetative reproduction) are dense...

network (reticulate). Unlike some lichens, Pyxine petricola does not develop isidia (outgrowths for reproduction and dispersal) or pustules, and may or may...

3 mm high and 0.1–0.3 mm wide that often coalesce and branch; soredia and isidia are absent. The medulla is whitish and reacts K+ (orange). Apothecia (the...

with a black lower thallus surface and lacking vegetative propagules (like isidia or soredia) are called the Punctelia microsticta group. This complex of...

the marginal lobes remain contiguous rather than breaking apart. Small isidia develop mainly along these fissures, appearing as rounded to slightly flattened...

commonly found in Ramalina species. These granules can sometimes resemble tiny isidia, which are small, vegetative reproductive outgrowths. The reproductive structures...

ranges from dull ash-grey to greenish-grey and light olive. Both soralia and isidia are absent in this species. The medulla of the verrucae and the thallus...

surface of X. aureola contains few apothecia and does not contain soredia or isidia; laminar structures are lobules.  Last, substrate is important: X. aureola...

characterised by its narrow, overlapping lobes fringed with dense, finger-like isidia and a grey, tightly attached thallus. It grows mainly on tree bark in mixed...

distinct spots (immaculate). It lacks reproductive structures like soredia, isidia, pustules, dactyls, or lobules, and its upper cortex remains intact. Beneath...

blue-grey thallus about 3–10 cm (1–4 in) wide, with lobes 1.0–4.0 mm wide, and isidia without hairs. This species is most common in the southeast of North America...

published pioneering work on lichens, proposing a new theory of soredia and isidia formation, and participated in early lichenological exploration of the Sarek...

separation was imperfect, because some L. columbiana specimens also produce isidia, while typically sorediate L. vulpina can occasionally bear apothecia. A...

diameter. Its thallus is coral-like in form, composed of densely packed, isidia-like branchlets up to about 2 mm tall that arise from a compact squamulose...

Northern Hemisphere—on account of its thickened lobe tips, abundant coarse isidia, and the distinctive pustules that become ridged and folded towards the...

granular pseudisidia (vegetative reproductive structures that resemble isidia but lack internal differentiation). These structures give the lichen a granular...

blue-green to white-green. Although it lacks vegetative propagules (like isidia or soredia), it typically has numerous apothecia (fruiting bodies). They...

apothecia, smaller spores), Lempholemma radiatum (ridged, plicate lobes with isidia and different ascoma ontogeny, more northern distribution), and Lempholemma...

from orange to yellow or greyish. This species does not produce soralia or isidia, which are propagules related to reproduction and dispersion in lichens...

is shiny and greenish in colour, lacking pseudocyphellae (tiny pores). Isidia are unevenly scattered on the thallus surface. The underside of the thallus...

having a moderately thick, milk-white, cracked crust lacking soredia and isidia, with numerous thallus-coloured, globose to short cylindrical pseudostromata...

is often not well-defined. Some species within this genus may develop isidia—small outgrowths that aid in vegetative reproduction—or, more rarely, soralia...

attached, leathery thalli with finely cut (laciniate) lobe margins, a lack of isidia and soredia, and protocetraric acid in the medulla. They distinguished P...

Some species produce reproductive structures called soredia, blastidia or isidia. Like most lichens, Caloplaca contains a green algal partner (photobiont)...

Erik Verheyen. The lichen has a smooth, crustose, green thallus that lacks isidia. The photobiont partner is green, and present as angular to rounded cells...

spots), and becomes rugose (wrinkled) with age. The upper surface lacks isidia (tiny coral-like outgrowths). The soralia (structures containing powdery...

about 0.8–1.2 mm thick. It lacks both soredia (powdery propagules) and isidia (small outgrowths). Apothecia (fruiting bodies) are frequent and sit directly...

1–2 mm long. The lichen reproduces vegetatively via small, cylindrical isidia, which measure 0.5–1.5 mm in length and darken at the tips. Apothecia, when...

Its upper surface is yellow, matte, and smooth; it may lack soredia and isidia or can display a sorediate lower surface. The lower surface of the thallus...

additional epicortex layer. S. testudinea specimens frequently feature isidia, specialised outgrowths that aid in vegetative reproduction. Apothecia (reproductive...

species) and T. wetmorei, and diagnosed the genus by its orange, terete isidia-like lobules, zeorine to lecanorine apothecia with a paraplectenchymatous...

notably lacks both soredia (powdery propagules for asexual reproduction) and isidia (small cylindrical outgrowths also used for vegetative reproduction). The...

(bordering fungal fuzz) is present. Tiny cylindrical outgrowths called isidia (vegetative propagules that help the lichen spread) are plentiful along...

is marked with ridges and pits, with rounded axils and truncated tips. Isidia occur singly or in small groups, and are cylindrical to sausage-shaped,...

surface is brown to black, with a rugulose to warty texture, and lacking isidia, soredia, pustules, pseudocyphellae, apothecia and pycnidia, while the lower...

distinctive features: the squamulose (scale-like) thallus and the presence of isidia (vegetative reproductive structures). The species belongs to the genus Caloplaca...

distinctively white maculate (spotted) near the tips. It lacks soredia and isidia. The medulla is white, and the lower surface is smooth, ranging from ivory...

mustard yellow, smooth to somewhat wrinkled, and lacks both soredia and isidia. The upper cortex is about 5–20 μm thick, and the medulla is thin and white...

vary in shape from orbicular to angular or irregular. The lichen lacks isidia and features cream-coloured, orbicular soralia that are numerous and conspicuous...

are brown in color, and 16-29 x 7-12 micrometers. There are no soredia or isidia present. The lower surface is white to pale brown in color, and it contains...

possessing a whitish-grey colour. Its surface is smooth and lacks both isidia and soredia. This lichen bears sessile, abundant, and dispersed apothecia...

lacks soredia and true isidia; however, the lobules, especially when branched and bearing pycnidia, can often resemble isidia. There are pseudocyphellae...

of cortex and algae that can establish new colonies elsewhere – as true isidia never form in the genus. The sexual fruit bodies are the genus's trademark...

lineages within L. vulpina s. lat. (in the broad sense) that both reproduce by isidia and soredia. The separation of L. lupina was further supported by its association...

substances. The lichen is characterized by its hollow, roughly spherical isidia, which are somewhat similar to Xanthoparmelia evernica. List of Xanthoparmelia...

faint longitudinal striations that are present on the lobe undersides. Isidia occur on the thallus surface; they are the same colour as the thallus, with...

Well-developed specimens may develop large granules or warts that somewhat resemble isidia but lack a cortex, and these may become sorediate. The species contains...

alongside Oxneriopsis oxneri, L. ussuriensis is often mistaken for having both isidia and soredia. It differs from O. oxneri in its non-exfoliating upper surface...

montane forest. The specific epithet isidiatus refers to the presence of isidia on the thallus. Rhabdodiscus isidiatus has a cream-colored to white, smooth...

species Xanthoparmelia vagans, from which it differs by the presence of isidia. The yellowish-green thallus of Xanthoparmelia isidiovagans reaches a diameter...

(pd+, Niebla josecuervoi) and depsides (pd-, Niebla homalea), and one by isidia (isidium),(Niebla isidiaescens), based on the genus concept defined by Spjut;...

species, it lacks specialized reproductive structures such as soralia or isidia. Bryoria rigida grows in humid, foggy environments at elevations between...

refers to its resemblance to Sticta kunthii and the fact that it makes isidia. Moncada, B.; Simijaca, D.; Soto-Medina, E.; Coca, L.F.; Jaramillo, M. (2023)...

epiphora. The genus name, Lacrima, is inspired by the unique tear-shaped isidia found in certain species. These cylindrical structures are slightly tapered...

subolivacea has a thin, flattened, brown to olive-brown thallus that lacks isidia or soredia. The lobes comprising the thallus measure 1–4 mm wide, and have...

Furthermore, Y. seokpoensis has larger ascospores and lacks the schizidia-like isidia and irregularly shaped thalline grains found in C. pulcherrima. Kondratyuk...

have a dull, whitish-grey appearance. The species lacks both soralia and isidia (reproductive propagules). The medulla of the verrucae and thallus is white...

sorediate, forming orbicular to linear soralia with eroded centres as they age. Isidia are densely packed on older parts of the thallus, cylindrical in shape,...

chemistry, and the presence or absence of reproductive propagules such as isidia and soralia. As of December 2021[update], Species Fungorum accepts 22 species...

thickness of the thallus (thin and fragile), and the morphology of the isidia (always dorsiventral). The lecanoric acid derivative 5-chlorolecanoric acid...

The specific epithet arbuscula refers to the characteristic arbuscular isidia–branched with a stalk at the base. Moncada, Bibiana; Lücking, Robert (2012)...

the thallus centre. It lacks soredia and isidia, but has more or less spherical (globose) to cylindrical isidia that are blackened at the tips. The medulla...

maculate, and with age these maculae break into a fine network of cracks. No isidia (minute vegetative outgrowths) or soredia (powdery propagules) develop,...

ages, adorned with white spots. Notably, the lichen develops distinctive isidia—small outgrowths that can disperse the lichen's algae—which are roughly...

areolate formations in the thallus centre. The thallus lacks soredia and isidia, common reproductive propagules in many lichens. The lower surface is jet-black...

depsidones (pd+, Niebla josecuervoi), depsides (pd-, N. homalea) and one by isidia (Niebla isidiaescens), based on the genus concept defined by Spjut; however...

5–1.2 mm wide. The thallus is covered with cylindrical, brownish-tipped isidia, except at the tips of the lobes. The thallus undersurface is tan to whitish...

family, and was treated as a segregate of Gyalideopsis distinguished by its isidia-like hyphophores. In that treatment, the authors separated several lineages...

meaning it lacks any powdery or crystalline covering, is notably free of isidia and soredia, two common forms of vegetative reproduction in lichens. There...

(without spots) but may develop irregular cracks over time. The species lacks isidia, soredia, and pustules (various forms of vegetative reproductive structures)...

vicanicin and norvicanicin, and it differs in squamule size, cortex thickness, isidia form and attachment, and ascospore size. He found no trace of argopsin in...

irregular cracks and small papillae containing conidiomata, but lacking isidia and soredia. Its apothecia (fruiting bodies) are circular, up to 4.5 mm...

has an opaque, irregular, whitish-cream thallus that lacks soredia and isidia. It is characterised from other Diorygma species by its ascospores, which...

Platismatia erosa reproduces primarily asexually through the production of isidia, which are small outgrowths on the thallus surface. The lichen's upper thallus...

surface and epruinose (lacking pruina), opaque, and without soredia or isidia. The medulla is white. In simple spot tests the upper surface is K−, while...

lobes (lobules) but has small projections (isidiate). These projections (isidia) range from sparse to dense, are round to somewhat round, simple or rarely...

There are not any asexual reproductive structures such as soralia nor isidia. Conspicuous pycnidia (asexual fruiting bodies) are present on the thallus...

Vegetative propagules are lacking: the thallus does not form soredia or true isidia, and laminal pseudocyphellae are absent or very sparse. The lower surface...

typically lacks this compound. These lichens often develop small outgrowths (isidia or phyllidia) on their upper surface and can form special structures harbouring...

ages. Unlike many lichens, Xanthoparmelia arrecta does not have soredia or isidia, which are reproductive propagules. The lower surface is tan to pale brown...

the less pronounced pseudostromatic ascomata. It is also noteworthy that isidia, tiny outgrowths found in some lichens, have not been found in Compositrema...

broad lobes, 10–20 cm (4–8 in) across, with small finger-like projections (isidia) on its surface and hair-like projections (cilia) along its edges. While...

yellowish-grey. It lacks specialised asexual propagules such as soredia or isidia, so dispersal relies on sexual structures. Apothecia (open, disc-shaped...

surface are whitish, with granula soredia. This species does not produce isidia. The pseudocyphellae (one of the uniting features of the genus Punctelia)...

but is distinguished from these similar lichens by presence of abundant isidia, phyllidia, and flat, branched lobules positioned along the margin or along...

lobes measuring 1.5–5 mm (0.06–0.20 in) wide. The thallus surface lacks isidia, soredia, and pseudocyphellae. The lower thallus surface is black and wrinkled...

matures, and remains smooth and unmarked by reproductive structures such as isidia or soredia. The medulla is white, and the lower surface is smooth and jet-black...

absent, and the genus lacks the powdery or bud-like outgrowths (soralia and isidia) that many lichens use for asexual spread. The photosynthetic partner is...

 strigulacea instead groups with Echinoplaca gemmifera; both share a specialized, isidia-like hyphophore type, even though their thalli and apothecia otherwise resemble...

in some species, minute shrub-like tufts bearing granular outgrowths (isidia). Because the lichen lacks a true outer skin (cortex) and any internal layering...

into similar branches, the ultimate branchlets have tiny isidia-like branchlets, or true isidia, that distinguishes the species from others in the subgenus...

clearly distinguished from the former by the presence of both soredia and isidia. Leavitt, Steven D.; Esslinger, Theodore L.; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo...

species epithet refers to its numerous globose (spherical) and unbranched isidia. "Herpothallon globosum G. Thor". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden...

only known from the type collection. The species epithet refers to its isidia, that are pustulate and readily distinguishable from those of the closely...

(leafy) pale yellowish-green thallus up to 20 cm (8 in) broad. Soredia, isidia, and lobules are absent from the thallus surface. Apothecia are common;...

greenish or brownish. Some possess vegetative means of propagation such as isidia (column-like structures of fungal and algal cells normally found on the...

this genus does not produce specialized reproductive structures called isidia or powdery reproductive areas known as soralia. Internally, the medulla—a...

scrobicules (shallow pits), but bears abundant cylindrical to coral-like isidia that are corticate and brown-tipped. Tiny white pores called pseudocyphellae...

and can be faintly hairy. No vegetative propagules (such as soredia or isidia) were seen. The very thin outer "skin" (upper cortex) lacks crystals. Inside...

develops laminal pits, these are formed by the abrasion of small spherical isidia and never become sorediate. The genus Placopsis itself comprises about 60...

have the same appearance as the rest of the thallus. The species lacks isidia, soredia, and pseudocyphellae. Pycnidia occur in great numbers on tubercles...

Alectoria imshaugii closeup shows "isidia-like" spinules Conservation status Secure (NatureServe) Scientific classification Kingdom: Fungi Division: Ascomycota...

tones, which may darken towards the centre. Klauskalbia lacks soredia, isidia, and pruina or may present sorediate traits, with soredia that are either...

group, but it is diagnosed by its olive-brown upper surface, the absence of isidia and soredia, frequent apothecia, and a medulla dominated by gyrophoric acid...

extending to about 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter. The thallus surface lacks isidia and soredia, and has only a few roundish perforations, which are about 0...

others in genus Punctelia are the absence of the vegetative propagules isidia and soralia, a pale brown lower thallus surface, and the presence of the...

thallus that produces abundant lichenised diaspores, such as short spherical isidia and coarse, dark brown-black soredia. It is typically sterile, meaning apothecia...

appear as small pores or marks on the surface. These lichens do not produce isidia or soredia, which are specialised propagules for vegetative reproduction...

'ceruchoides' for a species of Vermilacinia distinguished by having isidia or isidia-like branch segments; he designated a type that had been collected...

smooth to shallowly wrinkled texture. The thallus completely lacks soredia, isidia, pustules, dactyls (finger-like protrusions), and lobules. The medulla is...

pseudocyphellae (minute pores that look like tiny breaks in the cortex) and lack isidia, or they are isidiate (with short, peg-like propagules) and lack pseudocyphellae...

faint orange tint when the surface is scratched. The lichen never produces isidia or soralia, so it relies on its sexual and asexual fruit bodies for dispersal...

soredia, others pustule-like cushions, and a few produce true cylinder-shaped isidia, so a specimen may show more than one kind of outgrowth on the same thallus...

tomentous, or covered with fine hairs. It does not reproduce vegetatively using isidia or soredia like most lichens, but using phyllidia. It is often fertile as...

featuring a very thin, smooth, greyish or greyish-white thallus without isidia and soredia, and a thick proper margin above the disc level with medium-sized...

2 mm in diameter) and evenly distributed throughout the thallus surface. Isidia are present over much of the surface. The medulla is white, and it measures...

texture) with age; conspicuous vegetative outgrowths such as soredia or isidia are absent. Tiny, same-colored pseudocyphellae (pin-prick pores that aid...

the margins and a reticulate upper surface texture. Neither soredia nor isidia occur in this lichen, but it does have ascomata of the obscurens-type, measuring...

pseudocyphellae – that help facilitate gas exchange. The thallus surface features isidia that originate either from the pseudocyphellae, or directly from the surface...

botanist, historian, and naturalist. Characteristics of the lichen include the isidia on the upper thallus surface and a black undersurface, as well as the presence...

04–0.10 in) wide. Soredia are absent, but there is a dense covering of isidia on the thallus surface; these structures are initially spherical, later...

products was revealed by thin-layer chromatography. Pycnidia, soralia, isidia, and phyllidia, all features common in other lichens, were not observed...

ornamentation), giving a granular feel at the margins; by contrast, it lacks isidia and true lobules, which are common in some related species. In practical...

The lichen has dark cavities on its lower surface and lacks soredia and isidia, which are reproductive structures (propagules) commonly found in other...

branch margins, the cortical ridges along branch margins with short rod-like isidia (isidium) that develop one to three terminal capitate granular soralia (soredium)...

(verrucose) with warts 0.1–0.15 mm high and 0.1–0.25 mm wide; soredia and isidia are absent. The medulla is cream-coloured and reacts potassium hydroxide...

with perforated tips and axils. This lichen species lacks soredia and isidia, but often has lobules. Apothecia are common, measuring up to 6 mm in diameter...

reddish to pink-brown apothecia (fruiting bodies) and lacking soredia and isidia. Its areoles are closely pressed against the substrate, with the apothecia...

features dense, more or less spherical then cylindrical and coralloid-branched isidia. The medulla is white, and the lower surface is smooth, ivory to pale brown...

some species it produces minute vegetative fragments such as blastidia, isidia, or soredia that break off to start new colonies. Thalli vary in colour...

soredia are usually convex and often develop into blackish isidiomorphs (isidia-like outgrowths) that may elongate into fibril-like structures. Apothecia...

coral-like texture. The patches (areoles) may be lobed (effigurate) and can form isidia, which are small outgrowths used for vegetative spread. The thallus lacks...

may be smooth (glabrous) or slightly fuzzy (pubescent) along the edges. Isidia, the small vegetative reproductive structures, are abundant, moderately...

becoming dull and rugulose (wrinkled) with age, featuring dense, spherical isidia that are sparingly branched. The medulla is white, while the lower surface...

of rounded-rectangular cells, with the upper cortex soon interrupted by isidia formation and disintegrating. Apothecia, the reproductive structures of...

pseudocyphellae, while the pseudocyphellae and lobe margins bear simple to coralloid isidia. From East Africa to India, Japan, New Zealand, South America, and the Pacific...

elevation of 1,100 m (3,600 ft). The species epithet alludes to the presence of isidia on the thallus. The species also occurs in Venezuela. Malmidea isidiifera...

without cracks, and can be sparsely to abundantly isidiate. The cylindrical isidia are mostly simple to sparsely branched, 0.05–0.1 mm in diameter, and concolorous...

pruina stops and the rest of the surface begins. There are no soredia or isidia present, but lobules are present. The lower surface is black and can be...

a crosswise partition (septa). Reproductive structures called soredia, isidia, or lobules are present in most species. The lower surface shows important...

and lacks both soredia (powdery vegetative reproductive structures) and isidia (small cylindrical outgrowths for vegetative reproduction). The species...

primarily asexual ancestors. Species producing asexual propagules (either isidia or soredia) generally show larger geographic ranges than their sexually...

smooth surface that may be wrinkled or rugose. It does not have soredia or isidia. The medulla is white and the margin is not distinctly zonate. It is usually...

dichotomously branched. The lobes have much incised margins with pockets of isidia projecting upwards and sideways. The rhizines are made up of one row of...

may be found either densely packed or sporadically. However, soralia and isidia, structures associated with vegetative reproduction, are absent in this...

finely pitted, faintly mottled (weakly maculate), and lacks soredia and isidia (vegetative reproductive structures). The upper skin layer (cortex) is columnar...

are 2–4 mm wide. Reproductive structures such as pustules, soredia, and isidia are absent from the thallus. The medulla is white, while the lower thallus...

wrinkled, without spots (immaculate), featuring scattered, shallow cracks. Isidia are absent in this species. Apothecia (fruiting bodies) are rare in Parmotrema...

a coralloid granular texture as it ages. This species lacks soralia and isidia. The medulla of both the verrucae and thallus is white to faintly yellow...

areolate, and thin (less than 50 μm thick); it lacks both soredia and isidia. It grows in the sheltered cracks of the bark. The ascomata of the lichen...

appearance, but differs from A. corrugata in its shorter lobes, the presence of isidia, and slightly smaller conidia. Wang, Rui-Fang; Wei, Xin-Li; Wei, Jiang-Chun...

depsidones (pd+, Niebla josecuervoi), depsides (pd-, Niebla homalea) and one by isidia (Niebla isidiaescens), based on a narrow genus concept; the broad taxonomic...

and measure 1.5–2.5 mm long by 0.6–1.2 mm wide. Soredia, phyllidia and isidia are absent. However, the tips of secondary lobes are often slightly upturned...

pseudocyphellae, and soredia that are granular to isidioid (somewhat resembling isidia, often darkened and solid looking, but with a cortex and typically arising...

about 100–250 μm thick, dull to slightly shiny and grey-green; soredia and isidia are absent. The medulla is whitish and K–. The photobiont is chlorococcoid...

branching. Pseudocyphellae (pores for air exchange) and soredia are absent; isidia or phyllidia and lobules are often present, and are usually found at the...

(verrucose) with warts 0.2–0.3 mm high and 0.2–0.3 mm wide; soredia and isidia are absent. The medulla is whitish and reacts potassium hydroxide (KOH)-positive...

common North American species Punctelia rudecta because the latter has isidia rather than soredia. Two lookalikes, Punctelia perrituculata and P. subrudecta...

sometimes develop specialised structures such as soredia (powdery propagules), isidia (small outgrowths), or tiny scale-like features. Its colour usually ranges...

white mottling and a light pruina near the lobe tips; there are no soredia, isidia or marginal lobules. The medulla is white. Beneath, the surface is mid-...

granular pseudisidia (vegetative reproductive structures that resemble isidia but lack internal differentiation). The medulla (inner tissue) is poorly...

nodulus, meaning "nodule", referring to the globose (spherical), nodule-like isidia characteristic of this species. Xanthoparmelia nodulosa features a foliose...

less straight lobes with a black lower surface, the occurrence of both isidia and lobules on the thallus surface, and the orange pigmentation of the lower...

had very narrow, elongate, and fairly regular "isidioid lobules" (small, isidia-like outgrowths), but they treated this as falling within the broader range...

and dull, with colours from grey and greenish grey to olive, and neither isidia nor soralia present. The medulla of the thallus is white and does not react...

Apothecia (fruiting bodies) are uncommon, and vegetative propagules such as isidia or soredia are not present. The expected results for standard chemical spot...

showing shades of greenish-grey to brownish, and is devoid of soralia and isidia (reproductive propagules). The medulla, both of the verrucae and the thallus...

thallus to 5 cm tall with a rough cortex due to tiny tubercles that resemble isidia; the branches are 1–5 mm wide and sometimes bear subterminal apothecia....

rhizines and comparable spore dimensions. Parmelia fertilis lacks soredia and isidia, features present in several superficially similar Parmelia, and it differs...

Although superficially similar to P. hygrophila (both produce compact, isidia‑like granules), P. sulymae differs in consistently narrower lobes, the way...

a slight powdery coating or lacking such. There are no visible soralia, isidia, or polysidiangia, but distinctive pseudocyphellae are evident, primarily...

distinguishing feature of R. indochinensis from these species is the absence of isidia-like formations. When compared to Zeroviella digitata, which is native to...

01–0.08 in). Vegetative propagules such as maculae, pustulae, soredia, and isidia are absent in this species. Pseudocyphellae are abundant, but they are inconspicuous...

spores or as vegetative (mitotic) propagules such as conidia, soredia, isidia, and fragments of thallus. Sexual reproduction produces fungal spores alone...

the two differ morphologically and chemically; A. flavotenuis alone has isidia with dark tips and a bicoloured medulla. Together with the related Sri-Lankan...

featuring small clusters of white rhizines. Leptogium species often possess isidia and have Nostoc as their photobiont. The ascomata are apothecia, which can...

dense cortex that has a prosoplectenchymatous tissue structure. Sometimes, isidia are present on these lichens. The photobiont layer contains scattered clusters...

similar Punctelia species with a black lower surface and lacking soredia, isidia, lobules or lacinules; they are known as the "Punctelia microsticta-group"...

It lacks the vegetative propagules that often occur in lichens: soredia, isidia, and lobules. The medulla is white, and the lower surface varies from ivory...

via pale rhizohyphae (fungal filaments that function like roots). Neither isidia nor soralia (propagules for asexual reproduction) are present. The reproductive...

mottled (weakly maculate), with older lobes often cracked. Soredia and isidia (vegetative reproductive structures) are absent. The inner tissue (medulla)...

upwards. The lobe margins are smooth to lobulate and can look "crisped". Isidia (tiny peg-like clones) are absent, but flattened lobules are frequent on...

brownish to white and the floor being dark. This species lacks soredia and isidia, while lobules are rare. Apothecia, or fruiting bodies, are common in this...

medium-sized green granules. Many specimens grow tiny outgrowths called isidia (minute, crumbly projections that break off to start new colonies) on these...

similarity with C. striata such as the thallus with radiate ridges, granular isidia, and presence of para-depsides (gyrophoric acid in C. striata and confluentic...

shiny, base ordinarily black; cortex prosoplectenchymatous. Soralia and isidia are lacking. The pseudocyphellae are inconspicuous, depressed, fusiform...

tangentially cracked with age. It lacks soredia but includes moderate to dense isidia that are spherical then cylindrical and not coralloid. The medulla is white...

towards the edge. The surface is dull to slightly shiny and lacks pruina, isidia and soredia. A faint black prothallus may sometimes be visible. The fruiting...

laminal or terminal on central lobes, initiating as spherical to elongate isidia that soon dissolve into soredia. The species produces secondary metabolites...

display patches of purple spots. This species can occasionally produce isidia, simple or sparingly branched outgrowths attached marginally to the squamules...

patches reaching 0.28–2.0 mm across. The thallus lacks both soredia and isidia (propagules for asexual reproduction). A distinctive feature of M. leucopoda...

characteristic of the genus is the presence of large sausage-shaped or disc-shaped isidia-like structures. Lichen products found in Heiomasia are protocetraric acid...

wart-like protuberances. A prothallus is not visible, and there are no isidia and soredia. There are eight ascospores per ascus. The spores are hyaline...

The lichen lacks vegetative reproductive structures called soredia and isidia, which are present in some other lichen species. Its reproductive structures...

navel-like holdfast. Vegetative propagules are absent: the species lacks both isidia and soredia. The outer cortex is paraplectenchymatous (a compact, tissue-like...

irregularly spreading patches 3–10 cm (1.2–3.9 in) wide. The lichen lacks isidia and soredia but often becomes ulcerous, eroded and granular near the apothecia...

aggregations. The thallus may produce powdery soredia or small bud-like isidia for asexual reproduction, though these are absent in some species. Beneath...

genus Leptosira. No specialised vegetative propagules (such as soredia or isidia) have been recorded, and thin-layer chromatography has failed to detect...

prothallus fringe and never produce the powdery soredia or finger-like isidia that many crustose lichens use for reproduction. The internal partner is...

wide. The upper surface of the lichen is yellow-green with cylindrical isidia. The lower surface is pale brown to brown. Xanthoparmelia ajoensis is a...

appearance. It lacks several features common to other lichens, such as isidia (coral-like outgrowths), soredia (powdery reproductive structures), and...

attached to the substrate by pale rhizohyphae, and it does not develop isidia, soralia or other obvious vegetative propagules. Apothecia are usually numerous...

the margins. Initially, they are granular and have black tips, resembling isidia. However, they soon become flat, dorsiventral, and horizontal. The size...

thickened, and is tightly attached to the substrate. Vegetative propagules isidia and soralia are absent. The fruiting bodies are black, unbranched lirellae...

Canoas is notably different in the branches densely covered with short isidia-like branchlets. It may be noted that Niebla fimbriata has been treated...

large, bluish cephalodia that are readily apparent in moist thalli. Neither isidia nor soredia, vegetative propagules found in many lichens, occur in this...

a net of fine whitish lines across the surface. Both lineages can bear isidia (and sometimes narrow strap-like outgrowths, "ligulae"), and reproduction...

Lichenes isidiosi et sorediosi crustacei exsiccati ("Crustose lichens with isidia and soredia, dried"). The genus Toensbergia and several species have been...

 irwinii does not produce soredia (powdery reproductive propagules) or isidia (small outgrowths), and fruiting bodies (apothecia) have not been observed...

structures found in some lichens. This species does not produce soredia or isidia, which are propagules of asexual reproduction. The photobiont, the photosynthesizing...

of small scales), sometimes strongly reduced, and it lacks soredia and isidia. Apothecia (fruiting bodies) are abundant and often crowded together, typically...

white areoles (up to 0.4 mm in diameter) and a thin, white prothallus. Isidia are frequent, cylindrical to flask-shaped (lageniform), with dimensions...

thin to moderately thick and lacks both soredia (powdery propagules) and isidia (coral-like outgrowths). The upper surface is whitish, fairly opaque, and...

The lobes that comprise the thallus are 1–2 mm wide, and have black rims. Isidia and soredia are absent from the thallus. The medulla is particularly thick...

blastidia—minute buds that break away—or produce structures resembling isidia or soredia. A distinct prothallus (a hyphal fringe at the margin) is absent...

less spatula-shaped, slightly lobed, and rounded. It lacks soredia and isidia. The upper surface is ochre-grey, dull, and has a cortex that reacts with...

roughened to papillate and usually has white pruina at the edges. It lacks isidia, pseudocyphellae, or soredia — types of vegetative reproduction structures...

distinctive features is the presence of coarse granules that resemble true isidia, measuring 0.32–0.54 mm in diameter. These structures have a compact outer...

diameter. It lacks a visible hypothallus, as well as the vegetative propagules isidia and soredia. The photobiont partner of the lichen is chlorococcoid (i.e...

hypothallus, and the lichen also lacks the vegetative propagules soredia and isidia. The photobiont partner of the lichen is chlorococcoid, i.e., green algae...

Acharius Herbarium (H-ACH 1347A), is characterised by narrow lobes and lacks isidia. Both the lectotype and isolectotype specimens host the lichenicolous fungus...

colour change being strong inside and faint on the surface. Soredia and isidia are absent. The medulla is I− (does not colour with iodine), and the hypothallus...

the very tips and bases. The species does not produce rhizines, soredia, isidia, or pseudocyphellae. Apothecia (fruiting bodies) are common, measuring 4–7 mm...

two stable differences: the Brazilian material produces minute isidioid (isidia-like) outgrowths on the thallus surface and its lirellae branch in a stellate...

subtle to noticeable white spots (maculations). The species lacks both isidia and soredia, which are common reproductive structures in other lichens....

a smoother thallus that lacks the small bump-like structures (papillate isidia) typical of that species. The Latin diagnosis also emphasises the presence...

 furcata does not have the vegetative reproductive structures soredia and isidia, but instead has apothecia—cup-like ascocarps that contain asci on which...

(asexual reproductive structures that break away to form new lichens) or isidia (outgrowths that can also lead to new lichens). Lichens in this genus do...

dull within, with a white-maculate (spotted) appearance, and lacks both isidia and soredia (vegetative reproductive structures). The medulla (inner layer)...

the inner parts more rugose or pitted. The thallus lacks both soredia and isidia. Pseudocyphellae are present and may be few to numerous, occurring mainly...

structured. The surface of the thallus is partially adorned with papillate isidia, which are small, finger-like protrusions that are about 0.1 mm wide and...

depsidones (pd+, Niebla josecuervoi), depsides (pd-, Niebla homalea). and one by isidia (isidium) (Niebla isidiaescens), based on the genus concept defined by Spjut;...

grow on other lichens. These lichens can exhibit features such as lobules, isidia, and soredia, or may lack them entirely. The upper cortex of Physiaceae...

cortex. Some species have vegetative propagules, such as blastidia, soredia, isidia, or minute lobules. Apothecia are zeorine, rarely biatorine, sometimes appearing...

mistaken because C. domingensis has a flatter, stellate thallus with true isidia rather than ascending secondary lobes. A later Florida treatment suggested...

20x magnification. This species does not produce soredia and is devoid of isidia, which are vegetative structures (propagules) that aid in reproduction and...

without a distinct cortex or any vegetative propagules such as soralia or isidia, and contains a simple green, single-celled photobiont scattered through...

surface is smooth or only faintly ridged, and it bears sparse, scale-like isidia. The lobes are up to 8 mm wide, overlapping and often somewhat undulate...

or olive-green, and has a mostly matt, smooth surface without soredia or isidia. In section the thallus has a pale, somewhat chalky appearance, and chemical...

be distinguished from that species by its strongly pruinose thallus and isidia. Another member of this complex is Parmelia serrana. Parmelia ernstiae is...

that are fringed above with spiculiform branchlets and by short coralloid isidia (isidium) along margins. The branches become terminally whip-like, or abruptly...

crustose lichen with a thallus thickness of 20–40 μm. It is composed of isidia-like granules forming clumps that densely cover an orange-red prothallus...

attaches to the bark substrate by relatively long rhizines. There are neither isidia nor soredia on the thallus surface. Apothecia, usually numerous in the center...

large crystal inclusions and is devoid of lichenised diaspores such as isidia or soredia. Its lirellae, or fruiting structures, are non-carbonised, lengthy...

This lichen has strong and deeply indented ridges. It has no soredia or isidia. The lobe margins are frilly. The frills at the end of the lobes are small...

on the inner side, with a nearly entire to flexuous (wavy) outer edge. Isidia and soredia are not present. The hymenium (spore-producing layer) is either...

appears to erode to white. These are coarse and resemble crowded, false isidia. The soredia clusters, which can be up to 0.5 mm in diameter, can either...

age. It is faintly mottled (weakly maculate) and lacks both soredia and isidia (vegetative reproductive structures). The inner tissue (medulla) is white...

and epruinose (without pruina), somewhat opaque, and lacks soredia and isidia. Its surface is faintly net-like and wrinkled, and the medulla (the inner...

(μm) thick. Its surface is pale green and densely granulose, giving it an isidia-like ("isidiate") appearance. The granules are described as clusters of...

propagules are absent: there are no soredia (powdery dispersal granules) or isidia (tiny outgrowths). The thallus anchors to the substrate with simple root-like...

loose rosettes. Along their margins the lobes sprout tiny, finger‑like isidia or minute secondary lobes (folioles) that help the lichen spread, but they...

the upper surface can become cracked and eroded, occasionally revealing isidia-like formations. In many cases, the medulla, or inner tissue, is exposed...

the upper surface near the branch tips. The lichen lacks both soredia and isidia (structures for vegetative reproduction). Rather than having root-like structures...

achieved solely by the umbilicus. Minute, corticated outgrowths known as isidia often develop on the thallus surface; these readily break off and serve...

found growing on basalt. The species epithet refers to the presence of both isidia and the substance thiophaninic acid. The variety Pertusaria thioisidiata...

developed, indistinct thallus comprising tiny granules or granule-like isidia. It ranges in colour from yellow, to orange to greenish orange or brownish...

time. Notably, the presence of polysidiangia is observed, emerging from isidia-like outgrowths, which subsequently rupture to reveal soredia, ultimately...

thallus undersurface. The thallus surface lacks vegetative propagules such as isidia or soralia. Apothecia are common, especially near the centre of the thallus...

Vegetative propagules such as lacinulae, maculae, pustulae, soredia, and isidia are absent in this species. Pseudocyphellae are abundant; they are point-like...

becoming glossy with age, and lacks any powdery soredia or finger-like isidia. Scattered oval to round perforations (0.1–0.6 mm) pierce the surface; their...

(typically under 100 μm thick) and lacks vegetative diaspores such as soredia or isidia. Apothecia are consistently small, about 0.3–0.8 mm across, with orange...

mosses, lichens, and detritus on tree bark. The thallus lacks soredia and isidia and is not surrounded by a dark hypothalline line. The photobiont belongs...

to all species is the felty pseudoisidia; these are isidia-like outgrowths that, unlike true isidia, lack internal differentiation and have no distinct...

marginal isidia that are cylindrical, simple to sparsely or abundantly branched (coralloid), and frequently clustered (caespitose). These isidia are brown...

0.2–0.5 mm wide, and are commonly forked at the tips. The species lacks isidia. The soralia are granular and orange. Areas within the sorediate parts often...

the surface a somewhat dimpled appearance. The lichen does not produce isidia, phyllidia, maculae, or soredia–asexual reproductive propagules present...

sometimes their surfaces, bear many small cylindrical outgrowths that resemble isidia (minute, finger-like vegetative propagules). These may be simple or branched...

and powdery coating (pruinose). The species does not display soralia or isidia, structures associated with reproduction in some lichens. The lichen's underside...

reminiscent of terete (i.e., cylindrical or slightly tapering) isidia in structure. These lobules or isidia stand out predominantly and align vertically. When considering...

laminal and marginal pseudocyphellae often forming a reticulate network; the isidia are cylindrical, measuring up to 0.5 mm tall and becoming dense in the older...

much dissected lobes less than 1 mm wide. These smaller specimens lack isidia (vegetative reproductive structures), and, their lower surface is not uniformly...

prothallus (bare fringe) is visible. The thallus is sorediate and lacks isidia. Rounded soralia (the small patches where soredia are produced) are hemispherical...

The species lacks vegetative reproductive structures called soredia and isidia, which are present in some other lichen species. Its reproductive structures...

cavity through which spores escape. Coccotrema maritimum lack soredia and isidia (vegetative, or sexual reproductive structures); however, they do possess...

variably present on the thallus include maculae (spots or stains), soredia, isidia, and cortical hairs. Pseudocyphellae are not present. Cell walls contain...

(pseudocyphellae), though some species produce powdery soredia or tiny wart-like isidia for vegetative dispersal. Beneath this skin the loosely woven medulla is...

closely related to P. glauca, but differs in producing soredia instead of isidia. Some specimens initially identified as P. wheeleri in the field were later...