Help:IPA/Neapolitan

The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Neapolitan language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants[1]
IPA Examples English approximation
b bùvaro, campo, abballo[2][3] bike
d surdo, ntengo[3] done
dz cazetta, canzone, nun sapé[3][4][5] dads
dʒ giarra, nciarmo, Gesù[2][3] jab
f scarrafone, fernuto fast
ɡ[6] gatto, manco[3] gas
ɡj[6] ɟ[7] agghiaià, nchiostra, banchiero[3] ague
ʝ gliuómmero, quaglio, neglia[2] roughly like yes, but stronger, or ague
k puorco, quanno scar
kj c[7] chiesa, chiummo masculine
l lauro, vallo[8] lip or feel
m miédeco, sempe, ammore[9] mother
ɱ cunvenì, nfierno[9] symphony
n nuovo, monte[9] nest
ŋ songo, cinco[9] singing
ɲ cugnato, ogne[2] roughly like canyon
p porta, coppa spin
r ràdeca, camorra, grotta, vraccio trilled r
s sano, stongo, pertuso[5] sorry
ʃ cascia, pesce, scafato, sponna[2][5] ship
t terra, presutto star
ts zùccaro, miezzo, situazione[4] cats
tʃ cerasa, faccia somewhat between watch and wash[10]
v vùfaro, spavette, caulo vent
z snùdeco, sdignata[5] zipper
ʒ sbagliato, svacantato[5] vision
Semivowels[11]
IPA Examples English approximation
j jennaro, auciello, paisano you
w guaglione, cuollo, caudara wine
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
Short vowels
a æ
ɑ[7] 		sciaurato, napulitano manner
e viento, pecché, addore 'e mare[12] roughly like pay, but shorter
ɛ fella, mente, cafè[12] bed
ə tìseco, cocchia[13] again
i primmo, signale, ìntemo see, but shorter
o tuorno, commó[12] story, but shorter
ɔ ponte, Madonna[12] off
u scumma, punessa, ùrdemo tool, but shorter
Long vowels[14]
ɑː ɐː
æː[7] 		sciaurato, Nàpule father or bad
eː ej
ɛj
æɨ[7] 		parere, cielo late
ɛː scena, preta bear (RP) or late
iː dito, Faito see
oː ow
ɔw
əʉ[7] 		luoco, dint'ô sciore story or goal
ɔː rota, cosa story or goal
uː ajuto, venuto tool
Other vowels
ɨ[7] [examples needed] roses
Suprasegmentals
IPA Examples Explanation
ˈ buono [ˈbwoːnə] primary stress
ˌ veramente [ˌvɛraˈmɛndə] secondary stress
. diamante [di.aˈmandə] syllable break

Notes

  1. ^ If a consonant is doubled after a vowel, it is geminated; all consonants can be geminated except for /z/ and /ʒ/. In IPA, gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant (fatto [ˈfattə], miezzo [ˈmjettsə]) or by the length marker ⟨ː⟩. Neapolitan, like standard Italian, also has a sandhi phenomenon called syntactic gemination, usually represented graphically: e.g. è ssoje [ˌɛ sˈsɔːjə].
  2. ^ a b c d e /b/, /dʒ/, /ʝ/, /ɲ/, /ʃ/ and (word-internally) /m/ are always geminated after a vowel.
  3. ^ a b c d e f After a nasal, /c/, /p/, /t/, /tʃ/, /k/ and /ts/ are replaced by their voiced counterparts [ɟ], [b], [d], [dʒ], [ɡ], [dz].
  4. ^ a b When not preceded by ⟨n⟩, ⟨z⟩ can represent either /dz/ or /ts/, according to the cases.
  5. ^ a b c d e ⟨s⟩ is pronounced:
    • /s/ when geminated or when not preceded by ⟨n⟩ and followed by ⟨t⟩, a vowel or a semivowel;
    • /ʃ/ when followed by any voiceless consonant except ⟨t⟩;
    • /z/ when followed by ⟨n⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨r⟩ or ⟨l⟩;
    • /ʒ/ when followed by any voiced consonant except ⟨n⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨r⟩ or ⟨l⟩;
    • /dz/ when preceded by ⟨n⟩.
  6. ^ a b If the two characters ⟨ɡ⟩ and ⟨⟩ do not match and if the first looks like a ⟨γ⟩, then you have an issue with your default font. See Help:IPA § Rendering issues.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Chiefly occurring in Apulian dialects.
  8. ^ Might be slightly velarized [ɫ].
  9. ^ a b c d Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nɡ/ is a velar [ŋ] and the one in /nf/~/nv/ is a labiodental [ɱ]. A nasal before /b/ and /m/ is always the labial [m].
  10. ^ When not geminated nor following another consonant, /tʃ/ tends to be pronounced [ʃ].
  11. ^ Two diphthongs, uo /wo(ː)/ and ie /je(ː)/, are always stressed, unless they are at the very end of a word.
  12. ^ a b c d Close- and open-mid vowels /e ɛ o ɔ/ can only appear when the syllable is stressed, with rare exceptions for /e o/.
  13. ^ After the stressed syllable, /a e o/ (and occasionally /i u/) change to [ə]. This sound is sometimes also found before the stressed syllable and spelled ⟨e⟩, as is fernuto [fərˈnuːtə] or presutto [prəˈsuttə].
  14. ^ Vowels are long when stressed in non-final open syllables: caro [ˈkɑːrə] ~ carro [ˈkarrə], or when compounds of preposition a and an article: a + ’o = ô.

See also

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