DOSEN PROFIL LENGKAP

customary system, including the United States. Geophysicists use the gigapascal (GPa) in measuring or calculating tectonic stresses and pressures within...

Power Authority Generalized Procrustes analysis Geometric phase analysis Gigapascal (GPa), a unit of pressure Glenopolar angle Gradient pattern analysis Granulomatosis...

the easy distillation of these compounds. At pressures above 90 GPa (gigapascal – 900,000 atmospheres), hydrogen sulfide becomes a metallic conductor...

to be thermodynamically stable over 160 gigapascals (1,600,000 bar) and dynamically stable over 100 gigapascals (1,000,000 bar). This means it should be...

−10 °F) at a pressure of 150 gigapascals (22×10^6 psi), and its synthesis required pressures above approximately 160 gigapascals (23×10^6 psi). Since its...

hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) structure is stable above 36 gigapascals (360,000 bar) until at least 200 gigapascals (2,000,000 bar). The melting curve at high-pressure...

greater pressures, published data (as of 2007) still varies by tens of gigapascals and over a thousand kelvin. Below its Curie point of 770 °C (1,420 °F;...

pressures, typically up to around 100–200 gigapascals, although it is possible to achieve pressures up to 770 gigapascals (7,700,000 bars or 7.7 million atmospheres)...

second (3,000 ft/s), and momentary shock pressures up to about 1.14 gigapascals (165,000 psi). Tardigrades have survived exposure to space. In 2007,...

theoretical tensile strength for pure, flawless glass estimated at 14 to 35 gigapascals (2,000,000 to 5,100,000 psi) due to its ability to undergo reversible...

fiber surfaces must be almost entirely free of defects in order to reach gigapascal tensile strengths. If a bulk piece of glass were defect-free, it would...

modulus, also called the modulus of rigidity, and is usually given in gigapascals (GPa), lbf/in2 (psi), or lbf/ft2 or in ISO units N/mm2. The product JTG...

Ga-I phase when compressed to 0.5 gigapascals (5,000 bar) at room temperature. On further compression to 2 gigapascals (20,000 bar), liquid Ga crystallizes...

becomes stable at temperatures of 950 degrees Celsius and pressures of 4.5 gigapascals, corresponding to depths of 150 kilometers or greater. In subduction...

rocks that have been exposed to pressures between roughly 2.8 to 4.0 gigapascal on Earth, but it has been identified in nanocrystals on the Moon. Naturally...

shear modulus is the pascal (Pa), although it is usually expressed in gigapascals (GPa) or in thousand pounds per square inch (ksi). Its dimensional form...

pressure, culminating in a hexagonal close-packed allotrope at about 40 gigapascals known as Si–VII (the standard modification being Si–I). An allotrope...

plasma (ions and electrons), at a pressure estimated at 26.5 million gigapascals (3.84×1012 psi) at the center. Due to fusion, the composition of the...

superhard material is a material with a hardness value exceeding 40 gigapascals (GPa) when measured by the Vickers hardness test. They are virtually...

commonly used engineering materials, the elastic modulus is on the scale of gigapascals (GPa, 109 Pa). As noted above, for small deformations, most elastic materials...

phosphorus under high pressures (about 12,000 standard atmospheres or 1.2 gigapascals). It can also be produced at ambient conditions using metal salts, e...

high-pressure-induced structural transformations for pressures up to at least 364 gigapascals. Tungsten has the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion of any pure...

Washington directly observed microbial activity at pressures in excess of 1 gigapascal. The experiments were performed up to 1.6 GPa (232,000 psi) of pressure...

to heat carbon to about 3,000 °C (5,430 °F) under a pressure of 3.5 gigapascals (510,000 psi) for a few seconds. Soon thereafter, the Second World War...

of silicon dioxide (SiO2) that is formed when very high pressure (2–3 gigapascals), and moderately high temperature (700 °C, 1,300 °F), are applied to...

640 g/cm3, is greater than the average density of granite, 2.75 g/cm3. Under gigapascals of pressure, xenon forms a metallic phase. Solid xenon changes from Face-centered...

prediction, MgO2 is thermodynamically stable at pressures above 116 GPa (gigapascals), and a semiconducting suboxide Mg3O2 is thermodynamically stable above...

decreases its elastic modulus, with reported shear moduli as low as 20 gigapascals (2,900,000 psi). At the same time, cold work increases gum metal's yield...

transitions to metallic hydrogen under extreme pressures of hundreds of gigapascals (GPa). The ice giants are primarily composed of heavier elements. Based...

superconductor is 203 K for H2S, although high pressures of approximately 90 gigapascals were required. Cuprate superconductors can have much higher critical...

Young's modulus for A36 steel is 29,000 kilopounds per square inch (200 gigapascals). A36 steel has a Poisson's ratio of 0.26 and a shear modulus of 11,500 ksi...

theoretical upper bound on its strength is orders of magnitude higher: 17 gigapascals (2,500,000 psi). This high value is due to the strong chemical Si–O bonds...

diamonds Superhard material – Material with Vickers hardness exceeding 40 gigapascals Black Falcon - the world largest cut diamond List of diamonds Kroschwitz...

2015, hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) at extremely high pressures (around 150 gigapascals) was first predicted and then confirmed to be a high-temperature superconductor...

Kieserite exhibits monoclinic symmetry at pressures lower than 2.7 gigapascals (27,000 atm) after which it transforms to phase of triclinic symmetry...

diamonds, that allows moissanite to withstand high pressures up to 52.1 gigapascals. Colors vary widely and are graded from D to K range on the diamond color...

tensile strength more often a multiple thereof, like megapascals (MPa) or gigapascals (GPa). For some non-homogeneous materials (or for assembled components)...

2CO 3 exist in aqueous solutions subjected to pressures of multiple gigapascals (tens of thousands of atmospheres) in planetary interiors. Pressures...

insulators and are transparent to light. Heating P3N5 with a metal nitride at gigapascal pressure and a temperatures of over 1000 °C forms nitridophosphates. P3N5...

strength of spider silk. It has the tensile strength as high as 1.79 gigapascals (as much as 37%) and the elasticity above 38% exceeding the maximum reported...

and utilized "direct observations" on microbial activity to over 1.0 Gigapascal pressures. Their goal was to test microbes and discover under what level...

Gregoryanz, E. (2016). "Evidence for a new phase of dense hydrogen above 325 gigapascals". Nature. 529 (7584): 63–67. Bibcode:2016Natur.529...63D. doi:10.1038/nature16164...

As the pressure of oxygen at room temperature is increased through 10 gigapascals (1,500,000 psi), it undergoes a dramatic phase transition. Its volume...

the laboratory in 2006 by subjecting dry ice to high pressures (40-48 gigapascal, or 400,000 to 480,000 atmospheres), in a diamond anvil cell. Amorphous...

pure magnesium end member, forsterite, transforms to wadsleyite at 11.8 gigapascals (116,000 atm) and to ringwoodite at pressures above 14 GPa (138,000 atm)...

other impacts of up to 250 metric tons-force per square centimeter (24.5 gigapascals; 3,550,000 psi). During the tests, the material proved to be so strong...

of quartz which exclusively forms at high pressures of several tens gigapascals—suggest that the mineral was formed in a high-energy impact involving...

design assumes a cable material with a tensile strength of at least 100 gigapascals. Since Edwards consistently assumed the density of his carbon nanotube...

in multiples of the pascal (Pa) and common values are in the range of gigapascals (GPa). Examples: Rubber (increasing pressure: large length increase,...

a different microstructure, potentially increasing strength (to 1.3 gigapascals) as well as increasing ductility. Other techniques include thermal spray...

boundary between the outer and inner cores: It ranges from about 330 to 360 gigapascals (3,300,000 to 3,600,000 atm). The acceleration of gravity at the surface...

undergoes a coesite-like transformation to monoclinic β-B2O3 at several gigapascals (9.5 GPa). Boron trioxide is produced by treating borax with sulfuric...

between water molecules. The magnitude of the correction is about 2 gigapascals (20,000 atmospheres). The equation is stated in this form because the...

strain above 3) lead to pearlitic wires with yield strengths of several gigapascals. It makes pearlite one of the strongest structural bulk materials on...

put the γ-ε-liquid triple point at pressures that differ by tens of gigapascals and 1000 K in the melting point. Generally speaking, molecular dynamics...

This structure can be formed only by intense pressure (more than 2 gigapascals), but at moderate temperatures. Coesite and stishovite are usually viewed...

reaction operates best at low pressures. At pressures greater than 5 gigapascals (49,000 atm), almost no hydrogen is formed. Thomas Gold reported that...

billion-year-old crystals and were formed at pressures greater than 20 gigapascals. The authors of a 2018 study concluded that they must have come from...

starts, it generates enormous pressures, in the range of hundreds of gigapascals. Under these conditions, δ phase Pu–Ga transforms to α phase, which is...

claim that cells from the surface are still active at a pressure of 1 gigapascal (GPa), about 10,000 times the standard atmospheric pressure. There are...

of physics by two magnitudes of pressure (400 megapascals (MPa) to 40 gigapascals (GPa)). The founders of this field include also Harry George Drickamer...

at extremely high pressures (up to millions of bars, or hundreds of gigapascals). These are known as solid–solid phase transitions wherein latent heat...

give the desired final elemental composition. Putting this under 20 gigapascals of pressure at 1,523 K (1,250 °C; 2,282 °F) for three or four hours turns...

are typically so large that they are expressed not in pascals but in gigapascals (GPa). Zero defects – (or ZD), was a management-led program to eliminate...

superconducting transition temperature of 15 °C (59 °F) at a pressure of 267 gigapascals (GPa), which would have made it the highest-temperature superconductor...

critical temperature of 250 K (−23 °C; −10 °F) at pressures of over 170 gigapascals (1,680,000 atm; 24,700,000 psi). The highest-temperature superconductors...

when feeding, exerting a pressure of 431,000 pounds per square inch (3 gigapascals) with their teeth. This adaptation allowed Tyrannosaurus to drive open...

involves extreme conditions; the pressure can be counted in hundreds of gigapascal and temperatures in thousands of degrees. The study of the properties...

demonstrated, with experimental measurements reaching pressures of several gigapascals using specific DAC configurations. In these experiments, adapted analysis...

compressing a material between two anvils under a pressure in the range of gigapascals while simultaneously rotating one of the anvils for usually a few turns...

descends. At a depth of about 180 km, where the pressure is about 6 gigapascals (GPa) and the temperature around 600 °C, there is a possible "choke point"...

As the pressure of oxygen at room temperature is increased above 10 gigapascals (1,500,000 psi), it undergoes a dramatic phase transition to the 𝛆-phase...

silicon dioxide. A single quartz fiber can have a tensile strength of 5.5 gigapascals (800 ksi). Quartz fibers are chemically stable as they are not affected...

environments, diamonds withstand crushing pressures in excess of 600 gigapascals (6 million atmospheres). Diamonds occur in various colors: black, brown...

different properties of SiC:Al and SiC:B. At pressures above 90 GPa (gigapascal), hydrogen sulfide becomes a metallic conductor of electricity. When cooled...

techniques. Synthetic diamonds created by compressing graphite to several gigapascals and heating to temperatures above 1500 °C are usually rich in nitrogen...

pressure of TOI-1853 b's deep interior is estimated to reach around 5,000 gigapascals (50 times the core–mantle boundary pressure of Earth), which is enough...

if the cable has a working stress of 50 gigapascals (7,300,000 psi) and a Young's modulus of 1,000 gigapascals (150,000,000 psi), its strain will be 0...

compressible known material, with an isothermal bulk modulus of 491 gigapascals (GPa), while a conventional diamond has a modulus of 442–446 GPa; these...

compound of helium and sodium that is stable at high pressures above 113 gigapascals (1,130,000 bar). Disodium helide was first predicted using USPEX code...

1,500 ton multi-anvil press that gradually reached a pressure of 10 gigapascals (1,500,000 psi). Next it was "degassed" in a vacuum at 400 K (127 °C;...

variety of peridotite is lherzolite. These were intruded at a pressure of 1 gigapascal (GPa). Beneath the Ronda Peridotites is an eclogite formed at a pressure...

theoretically and is expected to be stable at pressures over a few hundred gigapascals. All the hydrogen polyoxides are known or expected to autoionise when...

material to extreme pressures, which can exceed 3,000,000 atmospheres (300 gigapascals). This is beyond the pressures at the center of the Earth. The concentration...

second (3,000 ft/s), and momentary shock pressures up to about 1.14 gigapascals (165,000 psi). Tardigrades can withstand 1,000 times more radiation than...

suggested to represent ejecta from the impact, indicating pressures of 10–13 gigapascals, consistent with an impact origin. Analysis of regional 2D seismic lines...

"Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Measurements of Single-Crystal Hydrogen to 26.5 Gigapascals". Science. 239 (4844): 1131–1134. Bibcode:1988Sci...239.1131M. doi:10...

A sodium compound called disodium helide has been created under 113 gigapascals (1.12×10^6 atm) of pressure. It has been proven that the localized electron...

2013, it was established by Donnerer et al. that, at least up to fifty gigapascals, copper hydride cannot be synthesised by pressure alone. However, they...

multi-walled carbon nanotube was tested to have a tensile strength of 63 gigapascals (9,100,000 psi). (For illustration, this translates into the ability...

is approximately 20%. Curran composites have a tensile strength of 5 gigapascals. Curran has a 5% strain to failure, and greater stiffness than glass...

"Synthesis and Equation of State of (Mg,Fe) SiO 3 Perovskite to Over 100 Gigapascals". Science. 235 (4789): 668–670. Bibcode:1987Sci...235..668K. doi:10.1126/science...

excess of 9%, with the corresponding maximum tensile stress reached ~100 gigapascals, making them ideal for high-performance nanomechanical sensor and NEMS...

stiff as possible. The Young's modulus of niobium tin is around 140 GPa (gigapascals) at room temperature. However, the stiffness drops to as low as 50 GPa...

21 gigapascals. Experiments of stretching, bending, and twisting on individual nanotubes showed that they possess a strength of up to 20 gigapascals –...

Superhard material is a material with a hardness value exceeding 40 gigapascals (GPa) when measured by the Vickers hardness test. They are virtually...

combinations of phosphorus and hydrogen were stable at pressures of up to 200 gigapascals. Their results determined that phosphine's superconductivity under pressure...

anisotropy of the material. In CrI3, hydrostatic pressures of a few gigapascals can reversible or irreversibly alter stacking configurations leading...

neutral molecule has cas number 72052-59-6. Under pressures over 250 gigapascals, MgAr is predicted to be stable as a solid with either an anti-NiAs or...

increased the resulting pressure, generating pressure peaks of 1 to 8 gigapascals (150 to 1,200 ksi), over an order of magnitude greater than unconfined...

deformation mechanisms. Representative values are typically reported in gigapascals (GPa) for metals and ceramics, and megapascals (MPa) for polymers. For...

Birch's law applies to rocks that are under pressures of a few tens of gigapascals, enough for most cracks to close. It can be used in the discussion of...

William A. (May 29, 2018). "Shear driven formation of nano-diamonds at sub-gigapascals and 300 K". Carbon. 146: 364. arXiv:1805.11239. Bibcode:2019Carbo.146...

placed between two anvils. A large compressive stress (typically several gigapascals) is applied, while one anvil is rotated to create a torsion force. HPT...

high pressure, they developed pMELTS, a model for high pressures (1-3 gigapascals (GPa)), and published it in 2001. Asimow and co-authors published phMELTS...