DOSEN PROFIL LENGKAP

may lead to cancer. While genotoxicity is often confused with mutagenicity, all mutagens are genotoxic, but some genotoxic substances are not mutagenic...

that is essential to human nutrition. There is a hypothetical risk of genotoxicity in humans if large amounts of trivalent chromium were somehow able to...

published by Oda et al., is a biological assay (bioassay) to assess the genotoxic potential of chemical compounds. It is based on the ability of DNA-damaging...

Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2005, specifically for substances that are both genotoxic and carcinogenic, as an alternative to mathematical low-dose extrapolation...

fields, or radio frequency waves. Some studies have suggested possible genotoxic (i.e., potentially carcinogenic) effects of MRI scanning through micronuclei...

Colibactin is a genotoxic metabolite produced by Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae. Colibactin is a polyketide peptide that can form inter-strand...

postmeiotic phase of mouse spermatogenesis is very sensitive to environmental genotoxic agents, because as male germ cells form mature sperm they progressively...

assess the genotoxic potential of chemical compounds. The test is a colorimetric assay which measures the expression of genes induced by genotoxic agents...

screening for potential genotoxic compounds. The assay is now recognized as one of the most successful and reliable assays for genotoxic carcinogens, i.e.,...

emodin and rhein. Emodin "represents a genotoxic risk for humans" while rhein is "a compound devoid of genotoxic capabilities". The anthraquinones have...

the food additive, and that gold nanoparticles have been shown to be genotoxic in mammalian cells in vitro. Decorative use of gold flake goes back to...

natural-gas transmission pipelines. Hexavalent-chromium compounds are genotoxic carcinogens. In 1993, legal clerk Erin Brockovich began an investigation...

microgram weight of the compound in the smoke of one cigarette with the known genotoxic effect per microgram to identify the most carcinogenic compounds in cigarette...

potency of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 in inducing DNA damage and genotoxicity was tested in Drosophila melanogaster. Aflatoxin M1 was found to be a...

become a useful model for assessing environmental pollutants that might be genotoxic, i.e. cause DNA damage. Fish have both non-specific and immune defenses...

sorbate as a food additive is prohibited in the EU due to potentially genotoxic effects. Its E-number is E201. Datenbankeintrag bei Chemspider "Re-evaluation...

Low refining or unrefined mineral oils Carcinogens can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic. Genotoxins cause irreversible genetic damage or mutations...

and other foods that were prepared with it. Due to the suspicion of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of Sudan I, a daily intake was not tolerable. The European...

detection of environmental and dietary cytotoxic and genotoxic (and thus cytoprotective, anti-genotoxic, and cogenotoxic) agents, understanding hepatocarcinogenesis...

the chemical formula C 11H 8O 3. It is regarded as a toxin and it is genotoxic and mutagenic. Plumbagin is a yellow dye, formally derived from naphthoquinone...

carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as...

which is common as a pollutant of smoke and oils. It is stable and highly genotoxic in bacterial and mammalian cell systems, as it intercalates into DNA and...

sesquiterpene lactone. It has been isolated from Parthenium hysterophorus. It is genotoxic, allergenic, and an irritant. Parthenin is believed to be responsible...

a synthetic auxin that acts as a rooting hormone. NAAm is potentially genotoxic and cytotoxic on human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. It can be...

chronic exposure to this contaminant increases the level of cytoxicity and genotoxicity (Anisha et al., 2019). In mammalian tissue, carbamates are generally...

causes DNA damage in several types of human cells as judged by assays for genotoxicity such as the comet assay, cytokinesis-block micronucleus test and chromosome...

reported studies concluded that erythrosine is non-genotoxic and any tumor growth results from a non-genotoxic mechanism. In the United States, laboratory evidence...

humans. However, so far in vivo genotoxicity was negative. No relevance for humans concerning carcinogenic and genotoxic effects can be derived. HMF is...

term safety of depleted uranium exists, including claims of pyrophoric, genotoxic, and teratogenic heavy metal effects. Many have cited its use during the...

at 43 μg/kg body weight. WHO concluded that patulin is genotoxic based on variable genotoxicity data, however it is considered a group 3 carcinogen by...

than oxidative lesions are the main type of DNA damage involved in the genotoxic effect of solar UVA radiation". Biochemistry. 42 (30): 9221–26. doi:10...

Xu L, Cheng S, Song L, Liu J, Wu W, Wang S, Wang X (October 2004). "Genotoxic effects on human spermatozoa among pesticide factory workers exposed to...

experimental basic science evidence, an analysis of carcinogenetic and genotoxicity data for various benzodiazepines has suggested a small possibility of...

studies, it was confirmed that Tg-rasH2 mice are sensitive to both genotoxic and non-genotoxic human carcinogens and show no response to non-carcinogens. As...

which may or may not include genotoxicity (the ability to cause a change or mutation in genetic material). Genotoxicity might involve carcinogenicity...

hydroethanolic extract of the purple variety seeds has been found to be genotoxic, so macerations should only be done with the pulp. They can be made into...

weight of each compound in the smoke of one cigarette with the known genotoxic effect of that compound per microgram to identify the most carcinogenic...

induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxic effect, anti-proliferative effect, genotoxic effect, and inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion against various...

include the veterinary drug cymiazole and the colorant Pigment Yellow 81. Genotoxic and teratogenic, 2,4‑xylidine is an industrial pollutant. In addition...

bacteria may contribute to intestinal tumorigenesis by producing a family of genotoxic metabolites, termed indolimines, that can elicit DNA damage. Treatment...

saa.2008.11.029. PMID 19136293. Møller, Peter; Wallin, Håkan (2000). "Genotoxic hazards of azo pigments and other colorants related to 1-phenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthalene"...

pallida has been proven useful for phytoremediation, biomonitoring, and genotoxicity assessment of environmental pollutants, especially heavy metals and metalloids...

various ingredients—on their own and combined—including counteracting genotoxicity in the body, as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Horchata...

that have been studied for citrinin are acute toxicity, nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity and its carcinogenicity. The acute toxicity of citrinin depends on the...

Claudio SR, Silva MJ, Oliveira F, Oshima CT, et al. (October 2016). "Genotoxicity and mutagenicity induced by acute crack cocaine exposure in mice". Drug...

and ultrafine carbon black. Some studies in cells or animals have shown genotoxic or carcinogenic effects, or systemic cardiovascular effects from pulmonary...

transcription elongation and termination, mechanisms of cellular adaptation to genotoxic and proteotoxic stress, as well as his role in the discovery of riboswitches...

of mice, they were given human-relevant low-dose gamma radiation, with genotoxic effects 45 days after continuous low-dose gamma radiation, with significant...

DNA damage. The term genotoxic means toxic (damaging) to DNA. Mutagens can cause changes to the DNA and are therefore genotoxic. They can affect the transcription...

biotransformations to generate reactive intermediates responsible for its genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. The primary route of metabolism is oxidation...

magnolol.[citation needed] Estragole is suspected to be carcinogenic and genotoxic, as is indicated by a report of the European Union Committee on Herbal...

results in animal models of obesity and psychosis, but associated with genotoxicity which means that future use will be restricted to scientific research...

Bian Q, Xu L, Cheng S, Song L, Liu J, Wu W, Wang S, Wang X (2004). "Genotoxic effects on human spermatozoa among pesticide factory workers exposed to...

environment, and in dry areas can be transported across large distance. Genotoxic effects as in the case of Agent Orange can affect multiple generations...

potential risk from allergies, interference with drugs such as warfarin, and genotoxicity. People who can taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), which is either bitter...

The somatic mutation and recombination tests (SMARTs) are in vivo genotoxicity tests performed in Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly). These fruit fly...

concentrations or when combined with nitrites, potassium sorbate has shown genotoxic activity in vitro. Three studies conducted in the 1970s did not find it...

Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) functions in a variety of cellular pathways related to both cell survival and death. In...

natural background rate of reverse mutation in order to establish the genotoxicity of a substance. The fluctuation method is performed entirely in liquid...

transamination, and to induce sister-chromatid exchanges suggesting possible genotoxicity. In a study using Osbourne-Mendel strain rats, it was concluded that...

His research is devoted to DNA damage and repair, DNA damage response, genotoxic signaling and cell death induced by carcinogenic DNA damaging insults...

JL; Smith-Simpson, D; Skopek, TR (February 1986). "Assessment of the genotoxic potential of unleaded gasoline and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane in human lymphoblasts...

It can also have anti-inflammatory properties. Although some in vitro genotoxicity of verbascoside has been reported on human lymphocytes with an involvement...

making it easy for a micronucleus test of its root tips to recognize genotoxic compounds. A lectin from V. graminea is used to test for the medically...

ISBN 978-94-007-5704-2 European Medicines Agency (EMA) (2013-02-11). "ICH S2 (R1) Genotoxicity testing and data interpretation for pharmaceuticals intended for human...

species, the compound poses a hazard of toxicity, carcinogenicity and genotoxicity, as well as great environmental harm. Silver chromate is usually produced...

though this component was removed from the BP formulation due to the genotoxic potential of noscapine. Lewis KE (2002). "Analgesic Drugs". In Pinnock...

EU until it was prohibited on 11 July 2017 on the grounds of possible genotoxicity, as observed from rat livers. It can be formed during baking fats that...

The sapomin saponarin has low acute rat toxicity and no evidence of genotoxicity, so not all saponins are necessarily toxic when ingested. Despite its...

Yamagata H (May 2001). "Ethidium bromide and SYBR Green I enhance the genotoxicity of UV-irradiation and chemical mutagens in E. coli". Mutation Research...

to preserve the replicative potential of cancer cells treated with a genotoxic dose of resveratrol". Mol. Biol. Rep. 40 (8): 5013–5026. doi:10.1007/s11033-013-2602-7...

chromosome aberration tests in human lymphocytes, are positive. The positive genotoxic results are explained with limited evidence to be due to a secondary auto-oxidative...

Kishon, below the petrochemical industry zone, had a markedly elevated genotoxic potential. A 2000 analysis of the river water revealed chlorinated compounds...

0 g/kg to 2.2 g/kg. It has been found to be both cytotoxic and weakly genotoxic in laboratory animals. Oral exposures have been noted to cause reproductive...

126 (29): 1277–1284. Hasheminejad, G.; Caldwell, John (April 1994). "Genotoxicity of the alkenylbenzenes alpha- and beta-asarone, myristicin and elimicin...

concluded that there is no evidence that glyphosate poses a carcinogenic or genotoxic risk to humans. The final assessment of the Australian Pesticides and...

addiction-connected carcinogenicity, congenital toxicity and heritable genotoxicity". Mutation Research. 789: 15–25. Bibcode:2016MRFMM.789...15R. doi:10...

Formation of GA is considered to represent the route underlying the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of acrylamide. The reaction of glycidamide and glutathione...

Limits (SCOEL) places hydrazine in carcinogen "group B—a genotoxic carcinogen". The genotoxic mechanism the committee cited references hydrazine's reaction...

major yohimbe bark alkaloids, especially regarding subchronic toxicity, genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. One study found that samples of brands sold...

both genotoxic and cytotoxic. The cytotoxicity was determined to most likely be a result of the genotoxicity, but the cause of the genotoxicity is yet...

Bašić-Zaninović, Tamara; Papeš, Dražena; Franekić, Jasna (1991). "Cycloheximide genotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo test systems". Mutation Research Letters. 263...

Hernandes LC, de Souza Ramos MF, Antunes LM, de Freitas O (2012). "Genotoxicity assessment of Copaiba oil and its fractions in Swiss mice". Genet Mol...

carcinogenicity. Prallethrin tested negative in the majority of the genotoxicity studies. It also tested negative in an in vitro chromosomal aberration...

concluded that there is no evidence that glyphosate poses a carcinogenic or genotoxic risk to humans. The final assessment of the Australian Pesticides and...

Casuccio G, et al. (December 2020). "Physicochemical characterization and genotoxicity of the broad class of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers used or produced...

"Safety evaluation of mulberry leaf extract: Acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxicity studies". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 95: 220–226. doi:10...

processing or derivatization. All twelve products were determined to be genotoxic positive by in vitro methods. However, when evaluated by in vivo methods...

world and prevalent in veterinary treatments, toxicity in general, e.g., genotoxicity and biotransformation, remains among the most controversial matters on...

toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion); genotoxicity; subchronic (at least 90 data) and chronic toxicity and carcinogenity;...

Bian Q, Xu L, Cheng S, Song L, Liu J, Wu W, Wang S, Wang X (2004). "Genotoxic effects on human spermatozoa among pesticide factory workers exposed to...

and vomiting. Prolonged contact with skin may cause allergic response. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of 4-nitrophenol are not known. Nitrophenols This...

studies have suggested that Calendula extracts may have anti-viral, anti-genotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. In an in vitro assay, the...

transformation in mammalian cells. There is also indirect, inflammation-driven genotoxicity through reactive oxygen species by inflammatory cells. The longer and...

co-authors of a highly-influential article arguing that chromium 6 is not genotoxic. "One of PG&E's key experts was Steven Patierno, a former professor of...

Fuscoe, James C.; Luan, Yang; Chen, Tao (October 2010). "Metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of Comfrey". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental...

10993-2: 2022. Animal welfare requirements ISO 10993-3: 2014. Tests for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity ISO 10993-4: 2017. Selection...

the case of lung cancer, DNA damage is caused by agents in exogenous genotoxic tobacco smoke (e.g. acrolein, formaldehyde, acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene...

estradiol when administered by subcutaneous injection. The drug shows genotoxicity similarly to estradiol. Cyclodiol showed an absolute bioavailability...

Albertini (2012). The Cellular Response to the Genotoxic Insult: The Question of Threshold for Genotoxic Carcinogens. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 9781849731775...

proteins binding to PCNA via APIM are mainly important in the context of genotoxic stress. The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleus and is...

replication, leading to mutations. Second, estrogen metabolism produces genotoxic waste. The result of both processes is disruption of cell cycle, apoptosis...

200 °C (392 °F)). Since glycidol, the parent compound of GE, is considered genotoxic and carcinogenic, the EFSA did not set a safe level for GE. According...

Raymond R.; Bucher, John R.; Witt, Kristine L. (2020). "Evaluation of the genotoxicity of cell phone radiofrequency radiation in male and female rats and mice...

Xiao-Feng (19 May 1999). "Tradescantia bioassays for the determination of genotoxicity of water in the Panlong River, Kunming, People's Republic of China"....

V (January 2004). "The role of p53 in base excision repair following genotoxic stress". Carcinogenesis. 25 (1): 11–9. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgg186. PMID 14555612...

chromate dye company. Three mechanisms have been proposed to describe the genotoxicity of chromium(VI). The first mechanism includes highly reactive hydroxyl...

metabolized within the body into HFIP and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic and once formed, is rapidly conjugated with glucuronic acid and eliminated...

Raipulis J, Kalnina I, Rutkis R (June 2005). "Effect of Probiotic Yeast on Genotoxicity" (PDF). Food Technology and Biotechnology. 43: 301–305. Archived (PDF)...

human carcinogen. In addition it has been found that phenanthridine was genotoxic and phototoxic as well. Furthermore, phenanthridine can be metabolized...

that feeding mice with the aqueous extract of date seeds exhibit anti-genotoxic effects and reduce DNA damage induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea. Stripped...

A, Eken A, Dundar K, Uzun G (Oct 2008). "Evaluation of the potential genotoxic effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy". Toxicology Letters. 180: S142....

are not considered a health hazard, hexavalent chromium compounds are genotoxic carcinogens. The acute oral toxicity of hexavalent chromium is 1.5-3.3...

alleviate the toxicity of acrylamide. Acrylamide is metabolized to the genotoxic derivative glycidamide. On the other hand, acrylamide and glycidamide...

Authority concluded in November 2015 that "the substance is unlikely to be genotoxic (i.e. damaging to DNA) or to pose a carcinogenic threat to humans", later...

W.; Yang, B.; Hu, J.; Wang, Y. H. (2015). "Higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of burning incense than cigarette". Environmental Chemistry Letters....

concluded that there is no evidence that glyphosate poses a carcinogenic or genotoxic risk to humans. The final assessment of the Australian Pesticides and...

agents and especially dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate is toxic and genotoxic. It is classified as a Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) carcinogen...

standard technique for evaluation of DNA damage/repair, biomonitoring and genotoxicity testing. It involves the encapsulation of cells in a low-melting-point...

13 79 Gold 3×10−9 2×10−7 < 0.0001 No uncoated nanoparticles possibly genotoxic 11 21 Scandium 2×10−7 < 0.0001 No 3 73 Tantalum 2×10−7 < 0.0001 No 5 23...

Escherichia coli may increase the risk of colorectal cancer by producing the genotoxic metabolite colibactin. People with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative...

drinking pesticides or suicide attempts with large volumes of crystals. No genotoxicity or carcinogenicity has been recorded in studies. Borax has been in use...

Group on Vitamins and Minerals that chromium(III) picolinate might be genotoxic (cause cancer). The committee also noted two case reports of kidney failure...

has been shown - although no neurological effects have been reported. Genotoxic effects of cardiac MRI have been reported in vivo and in vitro, but these...

non-hygroscopic, in contrast to [C6H5NMe2H]Cl. Diethylaniline may be genotoxic because it has been found to increase the rate of sister chromatid exchange...

reinforcement, thereby catalyzing its oxidation and degradation. Leachates can be genotoxic in nature. A possible risk for the aquatic environment due to the occurrence...

Aspergillus fumigatus grown on certain building materials can produce genotoxic and cytotoxic mycotoxins, such as gliotoxin. Aspergillus fumigatus has...

Xia Y, Bian Q, Xu L, Cheng S, Song L, Liu J, et al. (October 2004). "Genotoxic effects on human spermatozoa among pesticide factory workers exposed to...

consumption of this fungus produces chronic neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, genotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects. Its airborne spores are one of...

were upregulated, which indicates that microcystin-LR is an indirect genotoxic agent. In China, the highest incidence of liver cancer occurs in areas...

silver nanoparticles has been associated with "inflammatory, oxidative, genotoxic, and cytotoxic consequences"; the silver particulates primarily accumulate...

2007. Sabater-Vilar M, Nijmeijer S, Fink-Gremmels J (November 2003). "Genotoxicity assessment of five tremorgenic mycotoxins (fumitremorgen B, paxilline...

and disease progression. This implies a mechanism by which cycles of genotoxic therapy might enhance subsequent treatment resistance in the tumor microenvironment...

Figure comparing the effects of exposure to genotoxic agents (aneugens and clastogens) on DNA. Aneugens induce mis-segregation of chromosomes into daughter...

said that they had found traces of depleted uranium, a radioactive and genotoxic material used in some types of munition, in some Gaza residents who were...

available data/information is not sufficient to exclude concerns over the genotoxic potential of HAP-nano. The European Commission's Scientific Committee...

to be of concern for two reasons. Firstly, 4-MeI does not appear to be genotoxic or metabolized to a reactive metabolite. Secondly, carcinogenic doses...

validated to exhibit ameliorative effects against food additive induced genotoxicity (elevating the expression of DNA repair proteins p53 and PARP) and mitochondrial...

substances such as variegatic acid and popolohuanone. Indigo carmine shows "genotoxicity, developmental toxicity or modifications of haematological parameters...

Rabinowitz, Claudette; Moiseeva, Elisabeth & Rinkevich, Baruch (2002): Genotoxicity of the Kishon River, Israel: the application of an in vitro cellular...

Güerci, M. Patricia Juárez, Margarita G. de Bravo. 2011. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of defence secretion of Ulomoides dermestoides on A549 cells....

Prakash; Valiyaveettil, Suresh (24 February 2009). "Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Cells". ACS Nano. 3 (2): 279–290. Bibcode:2009ACSNa...

carcinogenic. Some carcinogenic PAHs are genotoxic and induce mutations that initiate cancer; others are not genotoxic and instead affect cancer promotion...

of 1.2 μg/kg bw per day. Nivalenol was in this studies not found to be genotoxic, but well haematotoxic and immunotoxic. Nivalenol as part of the family...

improving agent E924 Potassium bromate improving agent Banned in the EU; genotoxic carcinogen E924b Calcium bromate improving agent E925 Chlorine preservative...

antagonistic activity; reproductive or teratological effects; carcinogenicity; genotoxicity; or immunotoxicity. The International Fragrance Association (IFRA) has...

Tovar-Sánchez, Efraín (2018-05-18). "Heavy metal biomagnification and genotoxic damage in two trophic levels exposed to mine tailings: a network theory...

even at high intake amounts. The EFSA panel found no concern about genotoxicity from long-term consumption. The EFSA concluded that there is no safety...

IP (2011). "Epigenetic mechanisms of mouse interstrain variability in genotoxicity of the environmental toxicant 1,3-butadiene". Toxicol. Sci. 122 (2):...

dimethacrylate and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate exhibits cytotoxic and genotoxic effect on human gingival fibroblasts via induction of reactive oxygen...

According to European Food Safety Authority, Sudan Red G is considered genotoxic and/or carcinogenic. EFSA ::. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food...

In addition to acetaldehyde, alcohol metabolism produces potentially genotoxic reactive oxygen species, which have been demonstrated to cause oxidative...

Elingarami; Ndakidemi, Patrick A. (2021-10-03). "Pesticide exposure and genotoxic effects as measured by DNA damage and human monitoring biomarkers". International...

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), which is a possible human carcinogen, as well as highly genotoxic iodinated DBPs, such as iodoacetic acid, when iodide is present in source...

similar adenosine receptor affinity as caffeine. d9-Caffeine was non-genotoxic in both the Ames’s bacterial reverse mutation assay and mammalian cell...

P. Bhatia, V.T. Politano, A.M. Api (September 2013), "Evaluation of genotoxicity of nitrile fragrance ingredients using in vitro and in vivo assays",...

hepatic diseases, cardiovascular conditions, gastrointestinal disorders, genotoxic and metabolic effects. Index of aviation articles Portal: Aviation The...

noncarcinogenic: "consistently negative findings in numerous in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity tests". Early experiments suggested otherwise because crude samples were...

(March 14, 2018), "Levels of urinary biomarkers of exposure and potential genotoxic risks in firefighters", Occupational Safety and Hygiene VI, CRC Press...

substituents. Alkyl azoxy compounds, e.g. azoxymethane are suspected to be genotoxic. azobenzene dioxide IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed...

disturbances within A. cepa (onion) cells. Such cellular disturbances lead to genotoxicity. Copper(II) chloride has also been studied as a harmful environmental...

grouping, and high-throughput screening. Seven endpoints are evaluated: Genotoxicity Repeated dose toxicity Reproductive toxicity Skin sensitization...

oxidation damage to cells, there are a few studies that suggest potential genotoxic effects. In one study too high of a dose to human hepatoma cells resulted...

a plethora of adverse effects from DES such as (but not limited to) genotoxicity (due to quinone metabolite) teratogenicity penile and testicular hypoplasia...

mechanism of epigenetic DNA methylation and pathways by which certain genotoxic forms of DNA damage are surveilled in and eradicated from the genome....

personnel to antineoplastic drugs. Investigations revealed evidence of genotoxic biomarkers two and nine months after that exposure. Antineoplastic drugs...

usual level of chromosome abnormalities in their genes. Serum-soluble genotoxic teratogens produce congenital disorders, and in white blood cells causes...

(March 2023). "Arginine shortage induces replication stress and confers genotoxic resistance by inhibiting histone H4 translation and promoting PCNA ubiquitination"...

permethrin in serum or blood plasma. Permethrin does not present any notable genotoxicity or immunotoxicity in humans and farm animals, but is classified by the...

Commission is that labeled usage of the herbicide poses no carcinogenic or genotoxic risk to humans. In January 2020, the US Environmental Protection Agency...

Ti-6Al-4V-ELI This alloy has good biocompatibility, and is neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic. Ti-6Al-4V suffers from poor shear strength and poor surface wear properties...

These compounds have also not been shown to have any direct mutagenic or genotoxic activity. Their main action in causing cancer is cancer promotion. A mixture...

WHO/FAO guidelines. Sunset yellow FCF has no known carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, or developmental toxicity in the amounts at which it is used. It has...

alkaloid, tested using Drosophila melanogaster to produce a comparative genotoxicity test. Two cases of supposed liver damage (and death) due to coltsfoot...

tremorigenic mycotoxins, is a potassium channel blocker, and is potentially genotoxic. Paxilline was found to significantly extend the lifespan, healthspan...

PMID 25424243. S2CID 10928442. Brambilla G, Mattioli F, Martelli A (July 2009). "Genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of antipsychotics and antidepressants". Toxicology...

Chippari-Gomes, Adriana Regina (1 May 2021). "Metal bioaccumulation and its genotoxic effects on eggs and hatchlings of giant Amazon river turtle (Podocnemis...

drug 5-MeO-DiPT has been found to produce serotonergic neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, and associated cognitive deficits in rodents. Other psychedelics have...

used as rapid screens for the detection of genotoxic effects, but is not active in in vivo assays of genotoxicity. Long-term carcinogenicity studies in rats...

Frixione, Martín G.; Rodríguez-Estrella, Ricardo (1 December 2020). "Genotoxicity in American kestrels in an agricultural landscape in the Baja California...

hydroquinone. NTP evaluation showed some evidence of long-term carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. While hydroquinone remains widely prescribed for treatment of...

of congenital anomalies are believed to be caused by exposure to some genotoxic agent, possibly uranium." Occupation: Dreamland, a 2005 documentary film...

the control of an SOS-related protein, a simple colorimetric assay for genotoxicity is possible. A lactose analog is added to the bacteria, which is then...

and can be categorized in three forms "as mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic." Mycotoxicosis is the term used for poisoning associated with exposures...

toxicologically relevant: substances with endocrine disrupting effects, genotoxic substances and substances that enhance the development of bacterial resistances...

higher concentrations there is evidence that it is mutagenic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and hepatotoxic. Some reports have challenged its mutagenicity and others...

Grillo, R; Khemiss, M; Slusarenko da Silva, Y (2023). "Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of waterpipe on oral health status: A systematic review and meta-analysis"...

implicated as stress sensors that modulate the response of mammalian cells to genotoxic/physiological stress, and modulate tumor formation. Gadd45 proteins interact...

is toxic to the testes and liver via ROS generation. Arecoline is also genotoxic, being able to induce DNA damage and mutation in several cell cultures...

Avuloglu-Yilmaz, Ece; Yuzbasioglu, Deniz; Unal, Fatma (2020). "In vitro genotoxicity assessment of monopotassium glutamate and magnesium diglutamate". Toxicology...

response in mice by promoting Th2 cells through Nrf2. Experiments on its genotoxicity at high doses are inconsistent. Its oxidized form TBBQ may be responsible...

Food and Drug Administration. There is no evidence of carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, or reproductive and developmental toxicity at the permitted...

Kevekordes S., Mersch-Sundermann V., Diez M. and Dunkelberg H. In vitro genotoxicity of polycyclic musk fragrances in the micronucleus test. Mutation Research...

polyphenols to benzoquinones. These intermediates and metabolites induce genotoxicity by multiple mechanisms including inhibition of topoisomerase II (which...

(May 2001). "Post-translational modifications and activation of p53 by genotoxic stresses". European Journal of Biochemistry. 268 (10): 2764–2772. Bibcode:2001EJBio...

epithelial type II cells. MMA(III) and DMA(III) were also shown to be directly genotoxic by effectuating scissions in supercoiled ΦX174 DNA. Increased arsenic...

recognition and repair of DNA damage induced on chromosomes by irradiation or genotoxic products. Dbait is a specific siDNA molecule that has been shown to mimic...

concluded that there is no evidence that glyphosate poses a carcinogenic or genotoxic risk to humans.[citation needed] However, one international scientific...

antigen selectively modulates the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to genotoxic drug-induced apoptosis. Gynecologic oncology, 115(3), pp.407-413. Shaw...

respectively. It is largely agreed that TCDD is not directly mutagenic or genotoxic. Its main action is cancer promotion; it promotes the carcinogenicity...

European Commission on Health and consumer protection assumes safrole to be genotoxic and carcinogenic. It occurs naturally in a variety of spices, such as...

modification. Research also suggest that timely intervention to reduce genotoxicity such as DNA damage, inflammation and imbalanced autophagy may promote...

PMID 26048564. Patlolla AK, Berry A, May L, Tchounwou PB (May 2012). "Genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in Vicia faba: a pilot study on the environmental...

of the daughter nuclei during cell division. It usually is a sign of genotoxic events and chromosomal instability. Micronuclei are commonly seen in cancerous...

Kumaraswamy MN, et al. (September 2008). "Antioxidant, cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of alcoholic extract of Polyalthia cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd"...

Kitano, M.; Furusawa, N.; Yamaguchi, H.; Kuroda, K.; Endo, G. (2002), "Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components", Food and Chemical Toxicology...

the EU, with discussions beginning in June 2021. EFSA concluded that genotoxicity—which could lead to carcinogenic effects—could not be ruled out, and...

Nutrition European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Genotoxic Mutagen National Cancer Institute (US) Toxicology Resolution WHA18.44...

Raymond R.; Bucher, John R.; Witt, Kristine L. (2020). "Evaluation of the genotoxicity of cell phone radiofrequency radiation in male and female rats and mice...

dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, genotoxicity, muscle strength, and cognition: Results of a pilot clinical trial"....

acceptable daily intake (ADI) derivations, and harmonized endpoints for genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and chronic/carcinogenicity assessments, enabling...

the adenovirus genome, by other viruses such as HSV or vaccinia, or by genotoxic agents, such as UV irradiation or hydroxyurea. Depending on the presence...

contamination with an impurity N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) which has genotoxic and carcinogenic potential. "MHRA Central Alerting System – Ranitidine:...

occupational inhalation exposure. There is also evidence of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of some chemicals, which have been shown to inhibit cell proliferation...

to stresses from toxic chemicals and/or radiation. The DNA damaging (genotoxic) effects of such exposures can be, at least partially, overcome by the...

Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals. Hexavalent chromium compounds can be genotoxic carcinogens. Due to its structural similarity to sulfate, chromate (a...

at which PhIP is metabolized. After absorption, PhIP is converted to a genotoxic metabolite in the liver by Phase I enzyme N-oxidation by Cytochrome P-450...

carcinogenic or genotoxic in humans at relevant exposure levels, though concerns were noted for certain metabolites (e.g., R014821 genotoxicity initially not...

LD50 (oral, rat) is 300 mg/kg. Pure pyrogallol was found to be extremely genotoxic when inserted into cultured cells, but α amylase proteins protect against...

biological harm from even very powerful static magnetic fields. However, genotoxic (i.e., potentially carcinogenic) effects of MRI scanning have been demonstrated...

hours after ingestion, presenting with tachypnoea and cyanosis. The genotoxicity of asafoetida has been investigated in the laboratory mouse. Oral administration...

of "classic non-genotoxic carcinogens". However, a provisional German assessment notes that a 2005 study found PFOA to be genotoxic via a peroxisome...

TCAs (amitriptyline, maprotiline, nortriptyline, and protriptyline), and genotoxic TCAs (amoxapine, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, and trimipramine)...

whether the protein-rich powder is genotoxic. Although unheated Xanthobacter components have previously shown to be genotoxic, heat-treated Xanthobacter extracts...

2000.tb00007.x. PMID 11252818. S2CID 22776408. Richold M (1988). "The genotoxicity of trenbolone, a synthetic steroid". Archives of Toxicology. 61 (4):...

find that APOE2 neurons show lower DNA damage and greater resistance to genotoxic-stress-induced cellular senescence than APOE4 neurons, suggesting a possible...

researchers focused on its isomers and found out that it has a significant genotoxic effect under lab conditions. It means that it may potentially damage human...

disinfection by-products and N-nitrosodimethylamine have been shown to be genotoxic, causing damage to the genetic information within a cell resulting in...

prove that hydrogen peroxide is a carcinogen to humans. Recently, the genotoxic potential of hydrogen peroxide was evaluated. The results indicated that...

inhibition of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in vitro; (2012-2013) Financed by Federal ministry of education and science. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis...

polluters of water and soil ecosystems, causing "carcinogenic, mutagenic, genotoxic, cytotoxic and allergenic threats to living organisms". The textile industry...

pharmaceuticals, the nitro group is associated with mutagenicity and genotoxicity and therefore is often regarded as a liability in the drug discovery...

polluters of water and soil ecosystems, causing "carcinogenic, mutagenic, genotoxic, cytotoxic and allergenic threats to living organisms". The textile industry...

order of magnitude of 10−5 M. It was the most genotoxic of more than 60 DBPs studied and is the most genotoxic DBP identified thus far. Iodoacetic acid has...

Agricultura Tecnica. 67 (3). Stopper, H; Schmitt, E; Kobras, K (1 July 2005). "Genotoxicity of phytoestrogens". Mutation Research. 574 (1–2): 139–55. Bibcode:2005MRFMM...

consequence of this codeletion may include mediators of resistance to genotoxic therapies. Alternatively, 1p/19q loss might be an early oncogenic lesion...

observations led to the recognition of PAs as potent hepatotoxic and genotoxic compounds. In response to growing concerns about PA exposure, regulatory...

"Upregulation of meiosis-specific genes in lymphoma cell lines following genotoxic insult and induction of mitotic catastrophe". BMC Cancer. 6: 6. doi:10...

Jones E, Elliott BM (December 2007). "Review of the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of dichlorvos". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 49 (3): 316–26...

about genotoxicity in Lupinus species, specifically Lupinus mexicanus and Lupinus montanus, found that both of the species showed significant genotoxic activity...

J; Scouras ZG; Mavragani-Tsipidou P (16 July 1997). "Insecticidal and genotoxic activities of mint essential oils". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry...

from plants grown in the western United States and is a prototype of genotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Human exposure to PAs occurs through consumption...

discovered in Gynura bicolor tested from five regions in China. No significant genotoxic effects were found. Samples collected from one region, Jiangsu, displayed...

medroxyprogesterone acetate, CMA appears to show less potential for liver genotoxicity and carcinogenicity than CPA in bioassays. This seems to be related to...

a potential endocrine disrupting compound. It is not acutely toxic or genotoxic to mammals, though there is limited evidence the compound is carcinogenic...

in 2017 concluded that it has low toxicity and is not carcinogenic or genotoxic, and that there were no health concerns with consumption of Fast Green...

throughout the U.S. Metolachlor induces cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes. Genotoxic effects have also been observed in tadpoles exposed...

Elizabeth D.; Schoeny, Rita; DeMarini, David M. (2007). "Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products...

organs through this route of exposure. In mammals, POEA is not considered genotoxic and does not affect fetus development or reproduction. A 2004 review said...

further declared that in vivo research has confirmed that homosalate has no genotoxic, phototoxic or photosensitive effects when applied topically. Homosalate...

Constable, A; Coulet, M; Phothirath, P; Lang, J; Baldwin, N (2017). "Genotoxicity, acute and subchronic toxicity evaluation of savory food ingredients"...

carcinogen although the majority of studies suggest it is not directly genotoxic. DDE acts as a weak androgen receptor antagonist, but not as an estrogen...

EA (2004). "Hoechst 33342 stain and u.v. laser exposure do not induce genotoxic effects in flow-sorted boar spermatozoa". Reproduction. 128 (5): 615–621...

TG, Song SJ, Kim CS (28 June 2021). "Evaluation of oral toxicity and genotoxicity of Achyranthis Radix extract". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 274 113944...

egypro.2013.05.121. Leung, Hon-Wing (1994-01-01). "Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of alkyleneamines". Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology. 320...

system-restricted transcription factor Olig2 opposes p53 responses to genotoxic damage in neural progenitors and malignant glioma". Cancer Cell. 19 (3):...

which encodes a multi-enzymatic machinery that produces colibactin, a genotoxic substance that can damage eukaryotic DNA . E. coli that produce colibactin...

risk indicate that the chemical additive does not damage DNA, is not genotoxic in other words, and that at the doses approved presents no cancer risk...

2004). "p21-Mediated nuclear retention of cyclin B1-Cdk1 in response to genotoxic stress". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 15 (9): 3965–76. doi:10.1091/mbc...

MN, Kaltbeitzel A, Heinrich UR, Brochhausen C, et al. (21 May 2015). "Genotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles". Nanoscale. 7 (19): 8931–8. Bibcode:2015Nanos...

Wolff (2002): "Genotoxicological characterisation of complex mixtures: Genotoxic effects of a complex mixture of perhalogenated hydrocarbons". Mutation...

established. No evidence has been validated that zirconium is carcinogenic or genotoxic. Among the numerous radioactive isotopes of zirconium, 93Zr is among the...

functions as a critical determinant of cell survival and death upon genotoxic stress". Cell. 130 (4): 624–637. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.013. PMC 2779720...

carcinogenicity in laboratory animal studies, nor has it demonstrated genotoxic potential. Inhalation of propylene glycol vapors appears to present no...

not have enough energy to directly damage DNA, and is not known to be genotoxic. In a program that began in October 2011, the TSA's PreCheck Program allows...

degradation of MDM2 to facilitate p53-mediated growth arrest following genotoxic stress. the F-box protein FBXO31, a candidate tumor suppressor encoded...

Misra M, Dunams TM, et al. (November 1991). "DNA deaminating ability and genotoxicity of nitric oxide and its progenitors". Science. 254 (5034): 1001–1003...

PMID 23891579. Kirkland D, Gatehouse D (October 2015). "Aspartame: A review of genotoxicity data". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 84: 161–168. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2015...

expression of the transcription factors snail and slug alters the response to genotoxic stress". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24 (17): 7559–7566. doi:10.1128/MCB...

organophosphorus Toxic metabolites 31 countries including EU Not specified Genotoxicity concerns Dinocap No current bio-efficacy data Teratogenic concerns 28...

repair and increased neuronal cell death. Alcohol metabolism generates genotoxic acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species. The brain goes through dynamic...

were tested for potential applications as a bioherbicide due to their genotoxic (corn seeds), phytotoxic (wheat and cucumber) and herbicidal (wheat, radish...

their 2022 opinion that there is insufficient data to evaluate potential genotoxicity and sufficient evidence that 4-MBC acts as an endocrine disruptor affecting...

crosslinks (ICLs) and monoadducts. The ICLs introduced by psoralen are highly genotoxic to actively replicating cells. The covalent linkage impedes replication...

An in vivo RBC Pig-a assay is an optional test for qualification of genotoxic impurities as described in FDA's ICH M7 guidance. A standardized regulatory-compliant...

positive in a Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay and was shown to be genotoxic. It is a potent blocker of calcium-activated potassium channels. Both...

“difficult-to-replicate’’ regions. Extrinsic RS includes exposure to genotoxic agents, depletion of dNTPs, and premature S phase activity which can occur...

details of the preparations are usually lacking. There are no reported genotoxicity or carcinogenicity studies with herbal preparations of boldo leaf. Boldo...

disrupt cellular DNA synthesis, but they also suggest the presence of genotoxic and mutagenic effects. Toxic symptoms such as headache, gastrointestinal...

rodents, frogs and other animals. Uranium was also shown to have cytotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects in animals. It has been shown in rodents and...

Polska XLVII(3), 499–508. Ferraz, A., et al. (2009). Pharmacological and genotoxic evaluation of Calea clematidea and Calea uniflora. Latin American Journal...

previously been suggested that such genomic stress could be aggravated by some genotoxic agents used in cancer therapy. Poly-aneuploid cancer cells (PACCs) may...

Thiago Lopes (March 2021). "Zebrafish (Danio rerio) using as model for genotoxicity and DNA repair assessments: Historical review, current status and trends"...

appeared that the fumonisins are not genotoxic, and so might belong to the peroxisome proliferator class of non-genotoxic carcinogens.[needs update] NLM Staff...

Development [OECD] protocols for testing toxicity, refined NAs are not acutely genotoxic to mammals. Damage, however, induced by NAs while transient in acute or...

2-Hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2), also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-2,3,17β-triol, is an endogenous steroid, catechol estrogen, and metabolite of estradiol...

mutagenic or clastogenic in a series of in vitro and in vivo tests for genotoxicity. • Information from human intervention studies also supports that an...

heterocycles. Mucochloric acid is corrosive and toxic. It exhibits mutagenic and genotoxic activity. "Mucochloric acid". ChemicalBook. Retrieved 2026-01-05. Jansson...

"Further analysis of Ames-negative rodent carcinogens that are only genotoxic in mammalian cells in vitro at concentrations exceeding 1 mM, including...

in dopamine levels. In addition, it has been associated with marked genotoxicity or oxidative DNA damage, which has also been seen with MDMA and methamphetamine...

Cheung W, et al. (April 2023). "Substituting meat for mycoprotein reduces genotoxicity and increases the abundance of beneficial microbes in the gut: Mycomeat...

important. Preliminary analysis has shown potentially damaging levels of genotoxic metals including chromium and nickel in Sperm whales living in the area...

assessment of genotoxic impurities. Commonly used QSAR assessment software such as DEREK or CASE Ultra (MultiCASE) is used to genotoxicity of impurity according...

protein complex implicated in activation of caspase-2 in response to genotoxic stress". Science. 304 (5672): 843–6. Bibcode:2004Sci...304..843T. doi:10...

northeastern Brazil. In 2007 the river was tested for potential cytotoxic and genotoxic surface water. List of rivers of Rio Grande do Norte Brazilian Society...

for reproductive toxicity in rats, but that chlorpyrifos is potentially genotoxic. The report stated that chlorpyrifos is clearly a potent acetylcholinesterase...

Smyth MJ, Obeid LM, Hannun YA (1998). "p53-dependent ceramide response to genotoxic stress". J. Clin. Invest. 102 (2): 329–339. doi:10.1172/JCI1180. PMC 508891...

the known genotoxic effect per microgram to identify the most carcinogenic compounds in cigarette smoke. These compounds and their genotoxic effects are...

found one of its metabolites, ethoxyquin quinone imine, to be possibly genotoxic, and p-phenetidine, an impurity that could be present from the manufacturing...

to affect the immune system in humans, and it is not considered to be genotoxic. Prenatal exposure to β-HCH, an isomer of lindane and production byproduct...

Albertini (2012). The Cellular Response to the Genotoxic Insult: The Question of Threshold for Genotoxic Carcinogens. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 119...

via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) ambiguously shapes chemotherapy-induced genotoxic damage in the gastrointestinal tract. Healing. Signalling from the extracellular...

fluoride salts were identified as the major toxic agents in SPL. The genotoxic potential of SPL and its main chemical components was evaluated on vegetal...

concluded that there is no evidence that glyphosate poses a carcinogenic or genotoxic risk to humans. The final assessment of the Australian Pesticides and...

"Functional interactions between BRCA1 and the checkpoint kinase ATR during genotoxic stress". Genes Dev. 14 (23): 2989–3002. doi:10.1101/gad.851000. PMC 317107...

S, Yamagata H (2001). "Ethidium bromide and SYBR Green I enhance the genotoxicity of UV-irradiation and chemical mutagens in E. coli". Mutat. Res. 492...

to smoking. Among the more than 5,000 compounds in tobacco smoke, the genotoxic DNA-damaging agents that occur both at the highest concentrations, and...

6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity, and oxidative stress-induced genotoxicity. It was also found to block methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity...

an important role in triggering chronic S-phase arrest in response to genotoxic stress. One such example of E2F-regulated genes repressed by pRb are cyclin...

cell cycle, SLBP is degraded via cyclin F to control H2A.X levels after genotoxic stress. E2F1, E2F2, and E2F3A are the three canonical activators of the...

erythrocytes. There has been no adequate evidence that Cadusafos could prove a genotoxic compound. Due to this and additional research on mice and rats which proved...

exposure have the following adverse effects: Inflammation Oxidative stress Genotoxicity Cytotoxicity Cardiovascular According to a prospective, multicenter,...

systemic exposure, e.g. with cough medications, does not appear to present a genotoxic hazard. The mechanism of polyploidy induction by noscapine is suggested...

T, Iseki S, Hara E, Masunaga T, Shimizu H, Nishimura EK (June 2009). "Genotoxic stress abrogates renewal of melanocyte stem cells by triggering their...

carcinogenic to humans". 3-MCPD is carcinogenic in rodents via a non-genotoxic mechanism. It is able to cross the blood-testis barrier and blood–brain...

antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities. Elemicin possesses genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Excess consumption of raw nutmeg results in delirium...

gut microbiota is increased resulting in greater conversion of the non-genotoxic primary bile acid, cholic acid, to carcinogenic deoxycholate. Exercise...

also very corrosive (e.g. capable of producing permanent eye damage) and genotoxic. Sigma-Aldrich Co., Calcium chromate. "Chromitite". mindat.org. January...

(2002-09-01). "The use of plants in traditional medicine: potential genotoxic risks". South African Journal of Botany. 68 (3): 408–410. doi:10...

5-Iodotubercidin, a derivative of tubercidin, has been identified as a genotoxic agent and a potent activator of the tumor suppressor protein p53, triggering...

(November 2013). "A hormone-DNA repair circuit governs the response to genotoxic insult". Cancer Discovery. 3 (11): 1254–1271. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-13-0108...

has not been associated with any significant long-term toxicity, is not genotoxic or carcinogenic and there is no evidence of adverse effects on reproduction...

tumorigenic phenotype by heavy metal–tungsten alloy particles: induction of genotoxic effects". Carcinogenesis, Vol. 22, No. 1, 115–125, January 2001 Kalinich...

does not give rise to point mutations. It is suspected that TBPH is not genotoxic in vivo. Although carcinogenicity tests have not been assessed for TBPH...

Rundén-Pran, Elise; Smolkova, Bozena (2017). Rollerova (ed.). "Immunotoxicity, genotoxicity and epigenetic toxicity of nanomaterials: New strategies for toxicity...

prolyl isomerase Pin1 reveals a mechanism to control p53 functions after genotoxic insults". Nature. 419 (6909): 853–7. Bibcode:2002Natur.419..853Z. doi:10...

organisms due to low Kow and bioconcentration factors. It is not found to be genotoxic or carcinogenic and has been safely used in human medicine for many years...

is no dose that can be considered to be risk-free. However, some (non-genotoxic) carcinogens may exhibit a threshold whereby doses lower than the threshold...

overexpression of MUC16 has been shown to protect cells from the effects of genotoxic drugs, such as cisplatin. CA-125 was initially detected using the murine...

Aroutiounian R. Application of land snail Helix lucorum for evaluation of genotoxicity of soil pollution. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2022 Jun;878:503500...

reduced NK viability. While lentivirus transduction generally causes lower genotoxicity but with lower transfection efficiency. Main article: see Cancer immunotherapy...

final recyclization occurs to form aflatoxin B1. Aflatoxin B1 is a potent genotoxic hepatocarcinogen with its exposure strongly linked to the development...

PMID 22081012. S2CID 27164069. Garaycoechea, J. I.; Patel, KJ (2012). "Genotoxic consequences of endogenous aldehydes on mouse haematopoietic stem cell...

catalytic efficiency in the conjugation of 4-hydroxynonenal and other genotoxic products of lipid peroxidation". Biochem. J. 330 (Pt 1): 175–9. doi:10...

checkpoint kinase 2 plays a significant role in phosphorylating HuR during genotoxic stress, promoting dissociation of HuR from its target mRNA transcript...

well. Environmental agents such as UV light, ionizing radiation, and genotoxic chemicals. Replication forks can be stalled due to damaged DNA and double...

could provide a mechanism for facilitating recovery from DNA damage after genotoxic stress. Frye SA, Nilsen M, Tønjum T, Ambur OH (2013). "Dialects of the...

cycle. However, DNA is constantly challenged by exogenous and endogenous genotoxic threats, including solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and reactive oxygen...

study suggest that BTC possess a low order of oral toxicity in the rat. Genotoxic potential was shown in bacteria and mammalian cell system, micronucleus...

activity of RAD51 recombinase. Depletion of polyamines sensitizes cells to genotoxic substances such as ionizing radiation and ultraviolet radiation. The effect...

Ingredient Review. This report found IPBC to be a non-carcinogen with no genotoxicity and in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies using rats and...

reproductive effects have been found. Lastly, carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic effects have been tested but unlike acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile does...

particle, but are in the vicinity of one that is hit, also contribute to the genotoxic response of the cell population. Similarly, when cells are irradiated...

AA, Miller B, Muster W, Pujadas E, Strobel R, Gocke E (July 1995). "Genotoxicity of 17 gyrase- and four mammalian topoisomerase II-poisons in prokaryotic...

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis hot spot in the French Alps associated with genotoxic fungi". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 427 117558. doi:10.1016/j...

arrest-DNA damage protein 34 and Src kinase Lyn negatively regulates genotoxic apoptosis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (18): 10172–7. Bibcode:2001PNAS...

Zhou, H; Randers-Pehrson, G; Suzuki, M; Waldren, CA; Hei, TK (2002). "Genotoxic damage in non-irradiated cells: contribution from the bystander effect"...

Ignatev AN, Frimmel FH, Braese S, Horn H, Revelsky AI (2014). "Formation of genotoxic quinones during bisphenol A degradation by TiO 2 photocatalysis and UV...

contaminated ingredient. Patients receiving these drugs were exposed to genotoxic and carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodiethylamine...

Zegura, Bojana; Straser, Alja; Filipic, Metka (January–April 2011). "Genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity of cyanobacterial toxins - a review". Reviews...

proton, an N-nitrosamide (2) is formed from the resulting cation: The genotoxic effect of the N-nitroso compounds can be attributed to the formation of...

of malignant cells that can be selectively targeted by pro-oxidant non-genotoxic redox chemotherapeutics. Photodynamic therapy is used to treat some cancers...

skin sensitizers. Laboratory studies have not found alkyl sulfates to be genotoxic, mutagenic or carcinogenic. No long-term reproductive effects have been...

quinolone monoadducts considered responsible for its mutagenicity and genotoxicity. The stable quinolone monoadducts oxidize to form 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine...

ME; Erdal, N (2009). "Effect of N-acetylcysteine on radiation-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in rat bone marrow". Journal of Radiation Research....

of 190 ug/L.[non-primary source needed] AES has not been found to be genotoxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. A 2022 study revealed the expression of genes...

compared to children of normal weight. Micronuclei are usually a sign of genotoxic events and chromosomal instability (see Micronucleus). 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine...

Additionally, HepaRG has been used to evaluate acute and chronic drug toxicity, genotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. The high reproducibility of the drug-induced metabolic...

"AIMP2/p38, the scaffold for the multi-tRNA synthetase complex, responds to genotoxic stresses via p53". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of...

tail has been shown to bind to p53. This interaction is increased by genotoxic stress. MUC1 and p53 were found to be associated with the p53 response...

"Occupational exposure in airport personnel: Characterization and evaluation of genotoxic and oxidative effects". Toxicology. 223 (1–2): 26–35. Bibcode:2006Toxgy...

or blackcurrant. Isoamyl formate has not been shown to be mutagenic or genotoxic in tests such as the Ames test. "Isopentyl formate". PubChem. 10 February...

Quality, which concluded in a past evaluation that the insecticide is not genotoxic, and that the doctor organization making the claim has been advocating...

Jan; Palicka, Vladimir; Ranna, Dianna; Fiala, Zdenek (March 2010). "Genotoxic and apoptotic effects of Goeckerman therapy for psoriasis". International...

Malecka-Panas E, Drzewoski J, Wojewódzka M (August 2000). "In vitro genotoxicity of ethanol and acetaldehyde in human lymphocytes and the gastrointestinal...

combination or alone induces biochemical, hematological, histopathological and genotoxic damage in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)". Aquat Toxicol. 179: 103–14...

law proceedings, safety and prevention measures for workers exposed to genotoxic, carcinogenic substances such asbestos and VCM, environmental crime, population...

cigarette aerosol, like formaldehyde and acrolein, have been classified as genotoxic agents that are able to cause mutagenesis and DNA damage, both of which...

treatments that can cure the vast majority of patients without the use of genotoxic chemotherapy. In addition to their medical applications, his work has...

not result in a permanent mutation. Though all mutagens are genotoxic, not all genotoxic compounds are mutagenic. genotype The entire complement of alleles...

are formed by the enzyme epoxide hydrolase. This enzyme detoxifies the genotoxic 4,5-epoxide formed at the K region. In pathway II, polynuclear quinones...

major concerns surround the disruption of vital coding regions leading to genotoxic effects such as cancer. Accordingly, the improvement of the specificity...

"Tipin and Timeless form a mutually protective complex required for genotoxic stress resistance and checkpoint function". Proceedings of the National...

(Diptera, Chironomidae, Prodiamesinae) as a candidate for assessing the genotoxicity of trace metals in fluvial sediments". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment...

Genetically modified food Genetically modified organism Geneva Protocol Genotoxic Genuine Progress Indicator George W. Bush Geostationary Operational Environmental...

inherited or acquired defect in one of the DNA repair pathways or excessive genotoxic oxidative stress. Five of them (xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne's syndrome...

Additionally, AstraZeneca has used methanol as an alternative to conventional genotoxic methylating agents such as methyl iodide or dimethyl sulfate. Nitroaromatics...

"Comparative study of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and genotoxicity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of four fabiana species that grow in...

recombination cause increased sensitivity to inactivation by radiation and/or genotoxic chemicals. For example, gene rad52 is required for mitotic recombination...

Beleboni, RO; Marins, M; Pereira, PS; Fachin, AL (2013). "Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of coronaridine from Tabernaemontana catharinensis A.DC in a human laryngeal...

prostate cancer cells. Secondary metabolites of M. racemosus do not exhibit genotoxic activity, and the species is not known to be a producer of mycotoxins...

small molecules derived from the external environment. This hydrolysis of genotoxic epoxides causes subsequent effects in several signal transduction pathways...

endosulfan is not carcinogenic, not teratogenic, not mutagenic and not genotoxic. The highlight of this report is the farmer exposure study based on analysis...

toxicity or carcinogenicity. PAHs including indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene may be genotoxic. When PAHs are hydrolyzed, very reactive epoxide groups can be created...

JA (Jul 2000). "p53-dependent expression of PIG3 during proliferation, genotoxic stress, and reversible growth arrest". Cancer Lett. 156 (1): 63–72. doi:10...

(2005). "Cdk5 activator-binding protein C53 regulates apoptosis induced by genotoxic stress via modulating the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint". J. Biol. Chem....

damage and chromosomal errors were correlated, but exhibited different genotoxicity profiles. These differences likely reflect the myriad of co-occurring...

evaluations, including animal toxicity studies. In addition to the three genotoxicity assays, 28-day subacute and 90-day subchronic animal toxicity studies...

emergent vulnerabilities. Sequential application of targeted inhibitors and genotoxic agents has been shown to reprogram apoptotic signaling networks and sensitize...

; Zalko, D. (2011-06-09). "Use of the γH2AX assay for assessing the genotoxicity of bisphenol A and bisphenol F in human cell lines". Archives of Toxicology...

interactions. AP-1 activity is induced by numerous extracellular matrix and genotoxic agents, suggesting involvement in programmed cell death. Many of these...

pancreas. At high concentrations, of 20 mg/L and above, fluchloralin has a genotoxic effect on human lymphocytes. Fluchloralin is cometabolised by microörganisms...

PMID 10647983. "Thus, it is clear that RF radiation is not genotoxic and therefore cannot initiate cancer... the majority of such studies have...

where there is no increased risk of cancer. Alcohol metabolism generates genotoxic acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species. The possible mechanisms for...

Haematopoietic Stem Cell Genetics KJ Patel: Two tier protection and metabolic genotoxicity during blood production Beth Psaila: The tumour microenvironment in blood...

protection of the genome in the presence of replication stress and potential genotoxic conditions. Thus, ATR-Chk1 activity further prevents potential replication...

(link) Wu KM; et al. (Feb 2010). "Current regulatory perspectives on genotoxicity testing for botanical drug product development in the U.S.A." Regul Toxicol...

BP (June 2013). "Standard fluorescent imaging of live cells is highly genotoxic". Cytometry. Part A. 83 (6): 552–560. doi:10.1002/cyto.a.22291. PMC 3677558...

In vitro mutagenicity tests have shown that demeton has a significant genotoxic potential. However, disulfoton, of which demeton-S is a metabolite, has...

expression of the transcription factors snail and slug alters the response to genotoxic stress". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 24 (17): 7559–66. doi:10.1128/MCB...

Abraham RT (2004). "The mRNA surveillance protein hSMG-1 functions in genotoxic stress response pathways in mammalian cells". Mol. Cell. 14 (5): 585–98...

Lavin MF (May 2004). "Aprataxin, a novel protein that protects against genotoxic stress". Hum. Mol. Genet. 13 (10): 1081–93. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh122. PMID 15044383...

genomic damage and allows cells to survive after mild and repairable genotoxic stress." The structure of glutaminase has been determined using X-ray...

dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, genotoxicity, muscle strength, and cognition: Results of a pilot clinical trial"....

2024-07-07. Weiner ML, Batt KJ, Putman DL, Curren RD, Yang LL (1990). "Genotoxicity evaluation of lithium hypochlorite". Toxicology. 65 (1–2): 1–22. Bibcode:1990Toxgy...

Press release from the European Medicines Agency regarding possible genotoxic ethyl mesylate contamination Chow WA, Jiang C, Guan M (January 2009)....

animals; the mechanism of tumour development is unclear. Musk xylene is not genotoxic. It has significant effects on liver function which are similar to those...

that normally have a destabilizing effect on mRNAs. HuRs are involved in genotoxic response—they accumulate in the cytoplasm in response to UV exposure and...

inhibitors with a role in S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints induced by genotoxic stress". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 192 (3): 327–338. doi:10.1002/jcp...

acute toxicity, mildly irritating to skin and eyes and unlikely to be genotoxic or carcinogenic to humans. PBZ is relatively stable in water and soil...

microbial composition and inducing the expansion of microorganisms with genotoxic capabilities." The frequency of specific E. coli strains like NC101 in...

factors illustrate the basis for this heightened cellular sensitivity to genotoxic agents. For example, it has been proven that during exposure nicotine...

yoga program in modulating psychological stress and radiation-induced genotoxic stress in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy". Integrative...

N-nitrosonornicotine, a major carcinogen, and micronuclei, which are an indicator of genotoxicity. These effects lead to further DNA damage and, eventually, oral cancer...

chlorinated hydrocarbons, PFCs are not lipophilic (stored in fat), nor genotoxic (damaging genes). Both PFOA and PFOS in high doses cause cancer and the...

arsenic, it causes carcinogenesis, cytotoxicity (toxic to cells) and genotoxicity (causing mutations in genes). Chelation therapy Detoxification Pirmohamed...

"Functional interactions between BRCA1 and the checkpoint kinase ATR during genotoxic stress". Genes & Development. 14 (23): 2989–3002. doi:10.1101/gad.851000...

Naturforschung 62(5-6), 353-56. Ferraz, A., et al. (2009). Pharmacological and genotoxic evaluation of Calea clematidea and Calea uniflora. Latin American Journal...

frequency at 3 h after treatment, suggesting that both drugs display genotoxic activity in brain tissue. 3D space-filling model of (R)-aporphine rotating...

Berberich SJ (2009). "Alterations in gene expression and sensitivity to genotoxic stress following HdmX or Hdm2 knockdown in human tumor cells harboring...

important roles in regulating cell cycle checkpoints. In response to genotoxic stress, it contributes to turn off CDK1 activity by mediating the degradation...

05.004. ISSN 0272-7714. Carpes, Raphael de Mello (2020). "Mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxic studies of invasive corals Tubastraea coccinea and Tubastraea...

C.; Brusickc, D.J. (January 2013). "Steviol glycoside safety: Is the genotoxicity database sufficient?". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 51: 386–390. doi:10...

Dijoux-Franca, M. G.; Ghedira, K.; Chekir-Ghedira, L. (2010). "Study of genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antioxidant activities of the digallic acid isolated...

resulted in the increased permeability of the cell wall that allowed genotoxic agents to enter. The size and nature of chemicals influence their penetration...

M, Kaina B (November 2003). "APE/Ref-1 and the mammalian response to genotoxic stress". Toxicology. 193 (1–2): 67–78. doi:10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00290-7...

"In vivo toxicity and genotoxicity of beauvericin and enniatins. Combined approach to study in vivo toxicity and genotoxicity of mycotoxins beauvericin...

1980 and 2000 are as follows: A study, called 'Biological Monitoring of Genotoxic Hazards Related to Textile Dyeing Industries,' by the PSG College of Arts...

“High-throughput sequencing in mutation detection: A new generation of genotoxicity tests?”, Mutat. Res., vol. 776, pp. 136–43, 2015. PMID 25934519. E. J...

of this species have been shown to have a potent protective effect on genotoxicity caused by bismuth compounds such as colloidal bismuth subcitrate. Pseudevernia...

however, most case control studies have produced a weak correlation. Genotoxicity has been noted in children exposed to high levels of radon, specifically...

mammalian cell genotoxicity test results be used to complement positive results in the Ames test and help predict carcinogenic or in vivo genotoxic activity...

Thomas F.; Boccellato, Francesco (2020-09-22). McClane, Bruce A. (ed.). "Genotoxic Effect of Salmonella Paratyphi A Infection on Human Primary Gallbladder...

mitochondria from releasing apoptotic factors, creating resistance to genotoxic anticancer agents. Cancer therapies are being developed to specifically...

explore new potential therapeutic applications, including cytotoxic and genotoxic/antigenotoxic activities, expanding our understanding of these historically...

plays a critical role in apoptosis of breast cancer cells in response to genotoxic injury". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1010 (1): 504–9. Bibcode:2003NYASA1010...

"Conditional expression of MAP kinase phosphatase-2 protects against genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis by binding and selective dephosphorylation of...

associated with breast and uterine cancers. BARD1 expression is upregulated by genotoxic stress and involved in apoptosis through binding and stabilizing p53 independently...

2001). "ATR/ATM-mediated phosphorylation of human Rad17 is required for genotoxic stress responses". Nature. 411 (6840): 969–74. doi:10.1038/35082110. PMID 11418864...

observed in rats exposed to ultrafine TiO2 resulted from a secondary genotoxic mechanism related to the physical form of the inhaled particle, such as...

melatonin, compounds involved in sleep regulation. Tryptophol shows genotoxicity in vitro. Tryptophol is a quorum sensing molecule for the yeast Saccharomyces...

"Functional interactions between BRCA1 and the checkpoint kinase ATR during genotoxic stress". Genes & Development. 14 (23): 2989–3002. doi:10.1101/gad.851000...

studies, reduces appetite. Evidence does not show any carcinogenicity or genotoxicity. No toxic effect on the reproduction is shown. Prosulfocarb may have...

safety of depleted uranium exists, although detractors claim pyrophoric, genotoxic, and teratogenic heavy metal effects. Many have cited its use during the...

eflornithine may justify any potential risk to the fetus. Eflornithine is not genotoxic; no tumour-inducing effects have been observed in carcinogenicity studies...

NG; Hoeijmakers, JH (Dec 2006). "A new progeroid syndrome reveals that genotoxic stress suppresses the somatotroph axis". Nature. 444 (7122): 1038–43....

evaluated for the antigenotoxicity against maleic hydrazide (MH)-induced genotoxicity in Allium cepa chromosomal aberration assay. It was shown that the percentage...

These herbicides can either be endocrine disruptors, or have ecotoxic or genotoxic effects. Chloroxuron's herbicide resistance class is Group C, (Australia)...

indicator of genotoxic events. Upon early research (yet unreviewed), various types of textile dyes were also discovered to have apparent genotoxic effects...

L, Runnebaum B (January 1996). "Cyproterone acetate: is it hepato- or genotoxic?". Drug Saf. 14 (1): 25–38. doi:10.2165/00002018-199614010-00004. PMID 8713486...

JE, Lane TF (September 2003). "Bovine BRCA1 shows classic responses to genotoxic stress but low in vitro transcriptional activation activity". Oncogene...

acid: evaluation of acute and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity and genotoxicity". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 47 (11): 2723–9. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009...

1016/S0031-9422(00)80376-3. "Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays" , Manash Pratim Pathak et al. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2018 Apr. https://pubmed...

be used as anticancer drug. Cytochalasin B is used for testing of the genotoxicity of substances. In order to do so, cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay...

E. coli mutagenicity assays were completed using mice. There were no genotoxic effects noted from this study. Study 950170: The first in human study...

is immunosuppressive and teratogenic. It has also been classified as genotoxic and a possible human carcinogen. Pigs raised in northern and central Europe...

kinetoplast DNA replication to repair oxidative DNA damages induced by genotoxic stress in this organelle. Shapiro TA, Englund PT (1995). "The structure...

Carlos Alberto Machado da (1 June 2019). "Effect of the kaurenoic acid on genotoxicity and cell cycle progression in cervical cancer cells lines". Toxicology...

toxicity, neurotoxicity, metabolic disruption, endocrine effects, and genotoxicity. TPhP has also been found to induce significant estrogenic activity....

Q, Xu L, Collins MD, Chang HC, Song L, Liu J, Wang S, Wang X (2005). "Genotoxic effects on spermatozoa of carbaryl-exposed workers". Toxicol. Sci. 85...

degradation of MDM2 to facilitate p53-mediated growth arrest following genotoxic stress". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United...

participates in RNA binding in KIN17, a human protein activated in response to genotoxics" (PDF). J. Mol. Biol. 364 (4): 764–76. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.09.033....

is dose-dependent, and it can harm both organs and genetic material (genotoxicity). The organs that will be targeted are the liver (hepatotoxicity), the...

and acute toxicity of inhalation. There are very few studies about the genotoxicity of difenoxuron and these studies are inconcordant but there appears to...

effect more often. Stavudine has been shown in laboratory test to be genotoxic, but with clinical doses its carcinogenic effects are non-existent. Hyperlactatemia...

deficiency following immunization or infection. CMA is increased upon genotoxic stress. Conversely, decreased CMA activity associates with increased genome...

syndrome are prone to senescence, show reduced capacity to cope with genotoxic stress, and are impaired in the differentiation process". Experimental...

Manoor Prakash; Valiyaveettil, Suresh (2009-02-24). "Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Cells". ACS Nano. 3 (2): 279–290. doi:10...

polluters of water and soil ecosystems, causing "carcinogenic, mutagenic, genotoxic, cytotoxic and allergenic threats to living organisms". The textile industry...

Hoffman B (2007). "Gadd45 in the response of hematopoietic cells to genotoxic stress". Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 39 (3): 329–35. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2007...

seem to be useful as an antibiotic in humans due to its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Despite its...

Peltz SW, et al. (June 1999). "Cloning and characterization of a human genotoxic and endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible cDNA that encodes translation...

PMID 10688267. Shen X, Lam PK, Shaw GR, Wickramasinghe W (October 2002). "Genotoxicity investigation of a cyanobacterial toxin, cylindrospermopsin". Toxicon...

safety tests, including evaluation of chronic toxicity, reproduction, genotoxicity, and teratology in animals, single oral administration and pharmacokinetics...

"mTORC1/2 inhibition preserves ovarian function and fertility during genotoxic chemotherapy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the...

by an increase in CYP1B1 and a decrease in COMT, a greater degree of genotoxic quinone formation from 4-OH-E2 will occur. 4-OHE2 can be oxidized by microsomal...

Trzeciak A, Malecka-Panas E, Drzewoski J, Wojewódzka M (2000). "In vitro genotoxicity of ethanol and acetaldehyde in human lymphocytes and the gastrointestinal...

problems. It has been alleged that the heavy metals have caused irreparable genotoxic damage in people living in the surrounding area. A small study examined...

differentially activate nuclear factor-kappaB and caspase-2 in response to genotoxic stress. Oncogene 27, 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1210635 inel...

and ultrafine carbon black. Some studies in cells or animals have shown genotoxic or carcinogenic effects, or systemic cardiovascular effects from pulmonary...

developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, organ toxicity at low doses, genotoxicity, or structure and toxicity profiles of new drugs that mimic existing...

impact on a given aquatic environment. Specifically, these factors may be genotoxic, which means that they can damage cell "building blocks" and lead to harmful...

protein complex implicated in activation of caspase-2 in response to genotoxic stress". Science. 304 (5672): 843–6. Bibcode:2004Sci...304..843T. doi:10...

antiproliferative activities. PMEG can inhibit cell proliferation and cause genotoxicity. PMEG is active against leukemia and melanoma in animal tumor models...

emitting two or more particles in a short decay chain, have far greater genotoxic effects than predicted by the LNT model. According to this theory, the...

protein-protein, DNA-protein, RNA-protein interactions at the subcellular level. Genotoxicity involves breaking, fragmenting, or rearranging chromosomes of the host...

Y; Sugie, S; Mori, H; Kato, T; Ogihara, Y (1985). "Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of xenoclauxin and desacetyl duclauxin from Penicillium duclauxii (Delacroix)"...

pairs, liver proteins, or both. These adducts can damage DNA, leading to genotoxicity and carcinogenesis, and liver enzymes and hepatocytes, leading to hepatotoxicity...

Douglas; et al. (1 August 2000). "IPCS guidelines for the monitoring of genotoxic effects of carcinogens in humans. International Programme on Chemical...

derangement: a review of mechanisms involved in arsenic and lead toxicity and genotoxicity". Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju. 73 (4): 244–255. doi:10...

"Comparison of camptothecin derivatives presently in clinical trials: genotoxic potency and mitotic recombination". Mutagenesis. 17 (2): 141–147. doi:10...

announced. Stress-tolerant. Do not show tumorigenicity. Resistant to genotoxic stresses due to efficient sensing of DNA damage and activation of DNA...

W; Owens, E (September 2006). "Zea mays assays of chemical/radiation genotoxicity for the study of environmental mutagens". Mutation Research/Reviews in...

analysis of CoCr-containing hip implants: A quantitative assessment of genotoxicity and tumorigenicity studies". Journal of Applied Toxicology. 34 (9): 939–967...

in females a non-significant increase in breast cancer can be seen. No genotoxic effects were detected in vitro and in vivo. No developmental abnormalities...

inhibitors with a role in S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints induced by genotoxic stress". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 192 (3): 327–38. doi:10.1002/jcp...

role, such as the wound-healing shikonin, the herbicide Juglone, and the genotoxic plumbagin. As such, the naphthoquinone derivatives of T. crateriformis...

reveals context-dependent roles for Erk in apoptosis and G1/S arrest after genotoxic stress". Molecular Systems Biology. 8: 568. doi:10.1038/msb.2012.1. PMC 3296916...

environmental pharmaceutical chemicals are well known to have serious genotoxic effects in humans.[medical citation needed] Half-life in nature varies...

stress-activated protein kinases to mediate c-jun induction in response to genotoxic agents". EMBO J. 14 (8): 1798–811. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07168...