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castles. Medieval-style fortifications were largely made obsolete by the arrival of cannons in the 14th century. Fortifications in the age of black powder...

large-scale fortification construction project located in the Caucasus: this would culminate in the Derbend fortifications system. The Derbent fortifications were...

The medieval fortifications dating from the 12th century The bastioned fortifications dating from the 17th century The ring fortification system dating...

Fortified Region of Metz for the Maginot Line fortifications shielding the Metz industrial region List of fortifications Mont Saint-Quentin in Moselle Valley Clayton...

Czechoslovakia built a system of border fortifications as well as some fortified defensive lines inland, from 1935 to 1938 as a defensive countermeasure...

The fortifications of Xi'an in Shaanxi, also known as the Xi'an City Wall (Chinese: 西安城牆, Xī'ān Chéngqiáng), represent one of the oldest, largest, and...

Early fortifications of Sweden were built to defend self-governing provinces, with rapid expansion of forts in the 14th century and again later in the...

distance inland. At the same time, the fortifications of Portsmouth and Gosport became part of the wider fortifications of the Solent. Old Portsmouth, on the...

The fortifications of Kotor (Italian: Cattaro) are an integrated historical fortification system that protected the medieval town of Kotor containing...

by the end of the 1700s while the fortifications had suffered from poor maintenance. Demolition of the fortifications began in 1807, and was completed...

These sites include a variety of fortifications, ranging from citadels, to mountain batteries and sea fortifications, to bastion walls and towers. In...

Great. These included fortification walls, towers, and gates. The expansion of their territory created the need for new fortifications for new settlements...

The fortifications of Frankfurt were a system of military defences of the German city of Frankfurt am Main which existed from the Middle Ages into the...

Inner City fortifications were demolished 1965 for the construction of the 2nd Ring Road and Line 2 of the Beijing Subway. Some fortifications remain intact...

buildings in Rabat were demolished to clear the fortifications' line of fire. By 1522, the fortifications were being modernized with the construction of...

Bratislava fortifications usually refers to the medieval city fortifications of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia, of which one gate and two sections...

University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-211649-9. List of established military terms (Fortifications) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Breastworks. v t e...

The Fortifications of Diyarbakır are a set of fortifications enclosing the historical district of Sur in Diyarbakır, Turkey. They consist of an inner fortress...

The fortifications of Valletta (Maltese: Is-Swar tal-Belt Valletta) are a series of defensive walls and other fortifications which surround Valletta, the...

between 1530 and 1798. The Hospitallers built new bastioned fortifications, such as the fortifications of Birgu and Valletta, and upgraded the medieval defences...

In fortification architecture, a rampart is a length of embankment or wall forming part of the defensive boundary of a castle, hillfort, settlement or...

The fortifications of the town of Rhodes are shaped like a defensive crescent around the medieval town and consist mostly of a fortification composed of...

The Middle Head Fortifications is a heritage-listed former defence establishment and military fortifications and now public space located at Middle Head...

defensive fortifications. Elvas, in Portugal is considered by some to be the best surviving example of the Dutch school of fortifications. When the newly-effective...

below describe fortifications in some jurisdictions around the world. A more comprehensive view is given by the online Global Fortification Data Exchange...

Apart from a Roman Fort, there were very few fortifications in Alderney until the mid 19th century. These forts were then modified and updated in the mid...

The fortifications of the former East Prussian capital Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) consist of numerous defensive walls, forts, bastions and other structures...

between medieval and early modern fortification can be seen in the fortifications of Rhodes in Greece and the fortifications of Famagusta in Cyprus. Just as...

The Fortifications of Saint-Quentin, or Feste Prinz Friedrich Karl form a fortification group in the Scy-Chazelles municipality located northwest of Metz...

France and England during this time, and France had already established fortifications on nearby islands and peninsulae to fend off incursions from the English...

The fortifications of Plymouth in Devon are extensive due to its natural harbour, its commanding position on the Western Approaches and its role as the...

The fortifications of Famagusta are a series of defensive walls and other fortifications which surround the city of Famagusta in Northern Cyprus. The walls...

The Kingston Fortifications are a series of 19th century defensive works in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, that are National Historic Sites of Canada and UNESCO...

launching projectiles at the fortifications or defenders, it was also quite common to attempt to undermine the fortifications, causing them to collapse....

most medieval fortifications in the western Maghreb shared many characteristics with those of al-Andalus. Many Almoravid fortifications in Morocco were...

are 4 older fortifications and 5 fortresses built around World War II, in addition to Odderøya who has both older and younger fortifications. Coastal Artillery...

Retrieved 2009-07-19. Swedish Fortifications Agency, p. 39. Swedish Fortifications Agency 2007, pp. 18, 20. Swedish Fortifications Agency "Fortifikationsverket"...

The fortifications of Bucharest are a ring of thirty six fortifications (18 forts and 18 batteries) built in the late 19th century that surround Bucharest...

again, with most of these batteries unfinished. In 1885 the Board of Fortifications, chaired by Secretary of War William C. Endicott, met to lay the groundwork...

The fortifications of London are extensive and mostly well maintained, though many of the City of London's fortifications and defences were dismantled...

The fortifications of Heraklion are a series of defensive walls and other fortifications which surround the city of Heraklion (formerly Candia) in Crete...

fortifications housed around 681 guns mounted in 110 batteries and positions, guarding all land and sea approaches to Gibraltar. The fortifications continued...

University Press. p. 125. PEMcDuffie, Dictionary of Fortifications: Lunette Civil War Field Fortifications Website 2003. Texas State Historical Commission...

prompted the trace italienne style from the 16th century. In these fortifications, the height of the curtain walls was reduced, and beyond the ditch,...

This is a list of fortifications past and present, a fortification being a major physical defensive structure often composed of a more or less wall-connected...

The fortifications of Chania are a series of defensive walls and other fortifications which surround the city of Chania in Crete, Greece. The inner city...

romanized: al-qaṣr), which was typically a palace protected by fortifications. Fortifications were built either in stone or in rammed earth. Stone was used...

Look up fortification or fortificâtion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A fortification is a military construction or building designed for defense...

later appointed Commissaire général des fortifications, employed him on siege operations and building fortifications. In 1655, Vauban was appointed Ingénieur...

sometimes called a fortification spectrum (i.e. teichopsia, from Greek τεῖχος, town wall), because of its resemblance to the fortifications of a castle or...

This is a list of fortifications in Serbia. The list includes remains (ruins) of military constructions; fortresses (tvrđave), castles (zamci), towers...

sheltered positions. Most large fortifications are not a single structure but rather a concentric series of fortifications of increasing strength.[citation...

The fortifications were developed in six phases: First fortification 980 AD: first fortified wall and ditch, improved around 1100 Second fortification 12th...

walls were inspired by the fortifications of the Hittite capital of Hattusa. When Greeks later discovered these fortifications, they believed them to be...

The Fortifications of Brussels (French: Fortifications de Bruxelles; Dutch: Vestingwerken van Brussel) refers to the medieval city walls that surrounded...

Komárno - Komárom fortification system is a system of forts, bastions, and fortifications in and around the towns of Komárno and Komárom (they were one...

Allison 1969, "Fortifications", para. 8. Allison 1969, "Fortifications", para. 7. Gillett & MacMahon 1980, pp. 100–3. Allison 1969, "Fortifications", para. 11...

artillery fortifications or land batteries were either developed using historical fortifications or were built from scratch. The fortifications were built...

17th-century fortifications used to lie, now surrounding the City Centre. Since the fortifications were decommissioned in 1870, the Fortification Ring has...

2017-10-27. "Smyrna, Fortifications (Building)". "Smyrna, Fortifications (Building)". "Smyrna (Site)". "Smyrna (Site)". "Smyrna, Fortifications (Building)". Phang...

coastal fortifications that date to the English Civil War, the Napoleonic Wars, and Nazi Germany's occupation of the Channel Islands. The fortifications include...

The list of fortifications in Switzerland contains fortifications from the 15th century to the end of the Cold War. In the Middle Ages, towns were fortified...

This is a list of fortifications of Malta. Notes: For privately built towers, see List of fortifications of Malta#Fortified houses and privately built...

on preserving the fortifications for the sake of their architectural or historical value – on the one hand, complete fortifications were restored (Carcassonne)...

the Baroque fortifications of Zürich around 1642 AD, and the Bollwerk zur Katz became the eastern gunnery bastion of the city fortification. In the late...

Ripley, George; Dana, Charles Anderson, eds. (1859), "Fortification: III Field Fortifications", The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of...

Visayas and damaged numerous Spanish fortifications, leading to the largest restoration activity for fortifications in Philippine history. On May 16, 2006...

Czechoslovak Fortification Complex (Czech: Areál československého opevnění Hlučín-Darkovičky) is an exhibition of 1930's military fortifications in Hlučín-Darkovičky...

of Mycenae and Tiryns, and the style is characteristic of Mycenaean fortifications. Similar styles of stonework are found in other cultures and the term...

references to its usage in the Oxford English Dictionary are to German fortifications. However, in the Far East the term was also applied to the earth and...

a trench is intended to provide cover to the defenders. In military fortifications, the side of a ditch furthest from the enemy and closest to the next...

everyday German speech, however, it is commonplace to refer to permanent fortifications as Schanzen, because in many places in times of war, fieldworks that...

The Fortifications of Fez (also spelled Fes) comprise a complex circuit of ramparts and gates surrounding Fes el-Bali and Fes el-Jdid, two urban agglomerations...

This is a list of fortifications in Moldova. The list includes preserved structures and the remains (ruins) of historical military constructions of a fortified...

could be constructed. Coastal artillery fortifications generally followed the development of land fortifications, usually incorporating land defences; sometimes...

south) and man-made fortifications which separated the lands of the empire from the "barbarian" lands beyond. Individual fortifications had been constructed...

(secondary coordinates) The Bribie Island Second World War Fortifications are heritage-listed fortifications at Woorim and Bribie Island North on Bribie Island...

Kursk's fortifications were overwhelmed, and Ukrainians swiftly advanced into adjacent territory. The Surovikin line is a complex set of fortifications in...

pre-Ottoman period, there used to be fortifications, where palankas were constructed, and after the conquests these fortifications were rebuilt with remarkable...

The Tumon Bay Japanese fortifications are a collection of World War II-era military structures along the coast of Guam in and near the village of Tumon...

artillery fortifications. Their heyday was in the 15th and early 16th centuries. Early examples of artillery roundels are in the town fortifications of Tábor...

The fortifications of Birgu (Maltese: Is-Swar tal-Birgu) are a series of defensive walls and other fortifications which surround the city of Birgu, Malta...

to the 19th century Austro-Hungarian fortifications, and in the larger sense - to the interconnected fortifications in Kraków, Poland, including 18th century...

in 1856, and the fortifications of the Cittadella were decommissioned by the British on 1 April 1868. The Cittadella's fortifications and the ruined buildings...

US coast. Coast Artillery fortifications built between 1885 and 1905 are often referred to as Endicott Period fortifications. The first board consisted...

continued and completed by his successors. The new fortifications relied on the existing, medieval fortifications of the city but the fortified area was extended...

Kristin; Maixner, Birgit; Messal, Sebastian; Schneeweiß, Jens (eds.). Fortifications in their Natural and Cultural Landscape: From Organising Space to the...

The ramparts of Vitré are the fortifications built between the 13th and 17th centuries to protect the town of Vitré and Brittany against the French Kingdom...

the fortifications effectively. During the wars against Great Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Spanish forces and fortifications helped...

"loafers" to help build the fortifications. Due to military engineers being needed on the front lines, the fortifications in Louisville were designed...

The fortifications of the historic city of Cairo, Egypt, include defensive walls and gates that were built, rebuilt, and expanded in different periods...

The Fortifications of Alderney. Alderney Publishers. ISBN 0-9517156-0-7. McNab, Chris (20 March 2014). Hitler's Fortresses: German Fortifications and...

is a fenced courtyard area with a partially reconstructed palisade fortification with a gate (facing the village of Hubina), internal palisades, a brick...

referred to as the Castle Islands. Their fortifications are the oldest surviving English New World fortifications (due primarily to their being constructed...

known in German as Festung Posen (Polish: Twierdza Poznań) was a set of fortifications in the city of Poznań (German: Posen) in western Poland, built under...

The fortifications of Larrun from the late modern period are a series of military works situated on the mountain of Larrun, immediately to the west of...

The fortifications of Senglea (Maltese: Is-Swar tal-Isla) are a series of defensive walls and other fortifications which surround the city of Senglea,...

in context, just tower) is one of the defensive structures used in fortifications, such as castles, along with defensive walls such as curtain walls....

The Stanwick Iron Age Fortifications (also known as 'Stanwick Camp'), a huge Iron Age hill fort, sometimes but not always considered an oppidum, comprising...

was appointed Quartermaster General "over the fortifications." He was placed in charge of the fortifications personnel, which at the time consisted of two...

list of former and current castles and fortifications in South Africa and contains historical fortifications, military instillations, mock castles and...

enemy was to be directed. Three types of fortifications were provided: "Type A": The largest fortifications, generally built into mountainsides. "Type...

El-Kab fortifications Kom el-Ahmar (Hierakonpolis) fortifications Fortress of Abydos Medinet Habu New Kingdom fortification Thebes fortifications The Way...

The fortifications of Bangkok consist of several series of defensive structures built to protect the city during the late Ayutthaya to early Rattanakosin...

An outwork is a minor fortification built or established outside the principal fortification limits, detached or semidetached. Outworks such as ravelins...

experience working on the fortifications of Antwerp (1567–71). He later worked in Denmark and Poland where he designed fortifications as well as civilian homes...

original on 19 January 2010. "Field Fortification: On The Trace Of Field Fortifications". Civil War Field Fortifications Website. March 2003. Archived from...

natural antiseptic. Even though other preservation methods now exist, fortification continues to be used because the process can add distinct flavors to...

The fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries comprise: The Thiers Wall, surrounding the city of Paris, and farther from the city, The detached...

(1984). "Maltese Fortifications". Civilization. 1. Ħamrun: PEG Ltd: 22–25. See also Fortifications of Malta#Ancient and Medieval fortifications (pre-1530) Coulson...

The fortifications of Messina were a series of defensive walls and other fortifications which surrounded the city of Messina, Sicily. The first walls...

type of European castle is known as a motte-and-bailey. Castles and fortifications may have more than one bailey, and the enclosure wall building material...

The Fortress Builders – Fortifications Interpretation Centre (FIC) is an interpretation centre about the fortifications of Malta. It is housed in a late...

Triune fortifications were asserted to be "one of the most intact and unaltered set[s] of Civil War earthworks in Tennessee." Roper's Knob Fortifications "National...

Group Fortifications of Aisne by the French in 1919, is a fort of the second fortified belt of forts from Metz, in Moselle. This group fortification, built...

machine gun used in French tanks of the World War II era, as well as in fortifications such as the Maginot Line. It is also sometimes known as the JM Reibel...

Luxembourg. The site was added as City of Luxembourg: its Old Quarters and Fortifications to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1994. The origin of the city was...

He threatened an assault on Acre, leading Daher to strengthen its fortifications and arm every adult male in the city, Muslim and Christian alike, with...

Coastal fortifications in Scotland played a vital role during the World Wars, protecting shipping as they mustered to convoy. New fortifications were built...

This is a list of fortifications of Gibraltar. Bombproof Barracks Buena Vista Barracks Defensible Barracks Grand Casemates Lathbury Barracks Retrenched...

Dozens of fortifications were built in Cape Town and the Cape Peninsula between the 1650s and the 1940s. Most have gone, but a few still stand. Entries...

ranges, or coastlines; temporary field fortification works such as trenches; and/or more permanent fortifications such as fortresses and bunkers. For the...

forms part of the fortifications of Quebec City, which is one of only two cities in North America still surrounded by fortifications, the other being Campeche...

Hospitaller built a number of coastal and inland entrenchments as part of the fortifications of Malta. Further entrenchments were built in Malta by insurgents during...

Russian border in the Russo-Ukrainian war. A series of dragon's teeth fortifications named the Wagner Line have also been built by the Wagner Group in Russian-occupied...

dating back to the 10th century, its fortification began during the Portuguese Restoration War. The fortifications played a major role in the Battle of...

Look up fort in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A fort is a fortification: a defensive military construction. Fort, or The Fort, may also refer to: Castle...

The Mount Tenjo Fortifications are a historic defensive gun battery site on Mount Tenjo, a hill overlooking Apra Harbor, the principal deep-water port...

The first fortifications of Singapore consisted of batteries built in the early 19th century to protect the harbour and city. After this there were two...

exposed when leaning over the parapet. They were common in defensive fortifications until the widespread adoption of gunpowder weapons made them obsolete...

The National Fortifications Heritage (Norwegian: Nasjonale festningsverk) is a division with the Norwegian Defence Estates Agency responsible for sixteen...

Wànlǐ Chángchéng, literally "ten thousand li long wall") is a series of fortifications in China. They were built across the historical northern borders of...

The ramparts of Quebec City (French: Fortifications de Québec) is a city wall that surrounds the western end of Old Quebec's Upper Town in Quebec City...

contemporary city walls such as the fortifications of Heraklion and the fortifications of Valletta. The fortifications also lacked outworks. The flag of...

Retrieved November 10, 2016. "Découvrez les fortifications de Charente-Maritime" [Discover the fortifications of Charente-Maritime]. Camping Les Flots-Atlantique...

A cavalier is a fortification which is built within a larger fortification, and which is higher than the rest of the work. It usually consists of a raised...

fortified, creating the Fortifications of Den Helder known in Dutch as Stelling Den Helder. During the nineteenth century the fortifications were improved and...

structures and fortifications appeared as well, indicating an increased need for security. Weapons designed to breach fortifications followed soon after...

The history of the Great Wall of China began when fortifications built by various states during the Spring and Autumn (771–476 BC) and Warring States periods...

lordship to Herbert de St Quentin who is thought to have built the first fortification at the site of the castle. This initial construct was believed to have...

Many forts and fortifications have been built to protect the Isle of Wight (South England) from foreign invasion. Throughout history the island has been...

The Tomaree Head Fortifications is a heritage-listed fortification at 2 Shoal Bay Road, Shoal Bay, New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as Tomaree...

Walls") are a stretch of coastal defensive walls forming the northern fortifications of the historic centre of Trapani, Sicily. Restored in the early 21st...

designated the Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo, including the ruins of the Spanish colonial fortifications and nearby...

used for ritual purposes. Regardless of their intended purpose, the fortifications reinforced the distinction between the inner settlement and outside...

The Austro-Hungarian fortifications on the Italian border were constructed in the 19th and early 20th centuries to protect against invasion from Italy...

Germans were able to use the Czech fortifications to plan attacks that proved successful against the western fortifications (the Belgian Fort Eben-Emael is...

clear designations: all fortifications built up to 1915 were defined as Werke, Batterien, Blockhauser; all other fortifications were classified as barrages...

in fortifications. Attackers (if they have not bridged the ditch) must descend the counterscarp and ascend the scarp. In permanent fortifications, the...

In military science, a compound is a type of fortification made up of walls or fences surrounding several buildings in the center of a large piece of...

including natural or artificial lakes, dams and sluices. In older fortifications, such as hillforts, they are usually referred to simply as ditches,...

the Anaconda Plan. When two major assaults against the Confederate fortifications, on May 19 and 22, were repulsed with heavy casualties, Grant decided...

(German: Atlantikwall) was an extensive system of coastal defences and fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the coast of continental...

has media related to Metaxas Line. About the German invasion of Greece Bunkermuzeum, maps and ww2 fortifications World War II Fortifications in Greece...

renamed to Inspector-General of Fortifications. It was again abolished in 1904 and replaced by the Director of Fortifications and Works. In 1936 the post...

forbade their being admitted to his fortification, and Vercingetorix left his people out between the fortifications to starve to death. Meanwhile, the...

Great Northern War in 1703. The first fortifications were inaugurated on 18 May [O.S. 7 May] 1704. These fortifications, known as Kronshlot [ru] (Кроншлот)...

The Balio Towers (Italian: Torri del Balio) are a group of medieval fortifications located in the historic city of Erice, Sicily. Situated at the summit...

Galle. Galle travel guide from Wikivoyage Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications, UNESCO World Heritage Site Official website of the Sri Lanka Tourism...

and beyond. Large quantities of crushed rock were piled against the fortifications of the old Canaanite city wall in order to create a stone-paved embankment...

threat of invasion had eased by late 1942, and the fortifications never saw combat. The Poloa fortifications were added to the United States National Register...

(London 1983). Late Roman Fortifications. Lawrence, A. W. (BSA 78 (1983), p. 171-233). “A Skeletal History of Byzantine Fortification.” Leake, W. M. (London...

Belgium which preserves fortifications of the Atlantic Wall dating to the First and Second World Wars. The section of fortifications owned by the museum -...

ISBN 9781585443918. Fields, Nic; Spedaliere, Donato (2004). Mycenaean Fortifications. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 39. Lane, Michael F. (2015-12-22), "Gla"...

century. The city walls of Athens include: the Mycenaean Cyclopean fortifications of the Acropolis of Athens the Pelasgic wall at the foot of the Acropolis...

a medieval castle or town fortification. It may also refer to: Zwinger (Goslar), a battery tower in the town fortifications of Goslar Zwinger (Münster)...

a small defensive artillery base there, as part of their defensive fortifications along the coastline. Fortified "blockhaus" quarters remain from that...

in front of the Byzantine walls of Constantinople. In early medieval fortifications, too, a succession of defensive walls can be seen. Especially during...

of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-3691-5. Nicolle, David (2010). Ottoman Fortifications 1300-1710. Osprey Publishing. Murphey, Rhoads (1999). Ottoman Warfare...

is one of the fortifications built by Germany at the end of the 19th century to defend Strasbourg. It was the first new fortification built in what was...

Garderhøj Fort (Danish: Garderhøjfortet) is a Danish fortification, and was part of Copenhagen's fortifications. The fort was built between 1886 and 1892 with...

to how they might be improved. Jervois had been Inspector General of Fortifications and Secretary to the United Kingdom Defence Committee and had superintended...

system was an ensemble of fortifications built from 1874 along the frontiers, ridges and coasts of France. The fortifications were named after their architect...

the fortifications, Fort Desperate, the Priest Cap (Confederate batteries 14 & 15), and the Citadel, the southernmost bastion of the fortifications, nicknamed...

not just the building of ever more fortifications. Vauban often spoke of abandoning and razing existing fortifications, as well as building new ones." The...

seven-kilometre-wide 'death strip' was laid along the Danube. The increasing number of fortifications that were falling into decay were renovated again under Emperor Valentinian...

Domnească of Târgoviște) represents a complex of medieval buildings and fortifications that served as the residence of various rulers of Wallachia and, at...

district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. During World War I fortifications were built at Istein; these were destroyed at the end of the war. In...

with over 6,000 workers in 1750. Fortifications at Gustavssvärd were completed in 1751 and the main fortifications on Vargö were ready in 1754. The fortress...

maintaining fortifications. Initially, therefore, Henry took little interest in his coastal defences; he declared reviews of the fortifications in both 1513...

tentative list. The first site in Panama added to the list was the Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo, in 1980. This...

assumed to be a jocular reference to the perceived similarity of the fortifications to the cylindrical and hexagonal boxes in which medical pills were once...

built in the UK and elsewhere in the British Empire were defensive fortifications that were armed with cannon and that were often within line of sight...

fortifications built to guard the entrance to Tokyo Bay and thus the city of Tokyo from attack from the sea. These gun batteries and fortifications ceased...

the city's fortifications. By a resolution of February 8, 1833, Emperor Francis I "deigned to decree the reestablishment of the fortifications of Verona...

The Gask Ridge is the modern name given to an early series of fortifications, built by the Romans in Scotland, close to the Highland Line. Modern excavation...

in 1651. Blockhouses were an ubiquitous feature in Malta's coastal fortifications built in the 18th century by the Order of St. John. Between 1714 and...

Houmet) is a fortification on Vazon Bay headland (or houmet in Guernésiais) in Castel, Guernsey. It is built on the site of fortifications that date back...

programme of fortifications to protect Britain's naval bases. They interviewed Captain Coles, who had bombarded Russian fortifications during the Crimean...

Register of Historic Places in 1991 as the Agana/Hagåtña Cliffline Fortifications. The latte are originally from the village of Mepo' (also Mepo and Mepu')...

The Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications is the name used by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO)...

walls in England and Wales List of fortifications Great Wall (astronomy) List of Egyptian castles, forts, fortifications and city walls "Stonske zidine"...

fuze, which allowed ordnance to explode on impact and dislodge brick fortifications easily, necessitated a change from masonry to concrete forts. The Dutch...

fortifications built to guard the entrance to Osaka Bay and thus the city of Osaka from attack from the sea. These gun batteries and fortifications ceased...

Forteresse de Luxembourg; German: Festung Luxemburg) is the former fortifications of Luxembourg City, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, which...

After 31 December 1962, the Alpini Fortification Battalion "Val Chiese" was responsible for all Alpine Wall fortifications and barriers in the Vinschgau Valley...

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Międzyrzecz Fortification Region. The Festungsfront Oder-Warthe-Bogen (lit. 'Fortified Front Oder–Warta Bend')...

dune stabilisation displacing native plants such as Pingao. Coastal fortifications were built around the New Zealand coast line in two separate times:...

engineer Marquis de Vauban who advanced the fortifications around and on the heights of the city, fortification walls that are still visible today. During...

Finland fortification system built by Russia after the Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790. Kyminlinna formed the northern part of a double fortification, together...

Carl Wilhelm Carlberg (1746–1814) was a Swedish architect, fortifications officer, and Gothenburg's first city architect. Carl Wilhelm Carlberg, who was...

stood out from its neighbours in particular for its massive limestone fortifications, which were regularly renovated and strengthened. Defensive architecture...

century, and is predated by a wooden fortification that was erected in the 11th century. It was an important fortification in the Kingdom of Poland and later...

This is a list of fortifications in Afghanistan, including fortresses and castles, arranged alphabetically. The British Library, Upper Bala Hissar from...

System of fortifications in 1808–09, under the direction of Army engineer Alexander Macomb. A report by the Secretary of War, on fortifications in December...

Giulia depicts a golden eagle facing to its right standing on white fortifications on a blue background. The colours (gold and blue) originate from the...

into folate by the body, is used as a dietary supplement and in food fortification as it is more stable during processing and storage. Folate in the form...

Fort Orange were used by the Dutch in the 17th century for several fortifications around the world in honor of the House of Orange-Nassau. New Sweden...

of Varro. The Murus Terreus may have been a part of Rome's earliest fortifications, often referred to as the Servian Wall. While the location of the Murus...

of St George and Related Fortifications. Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications, Bermuda". whc.unesco.org...

The Winter Line was a series of German and Italian military fortifications in Italy, constructed during World War II by Organisation Todt and commanded...

This article lists the castles and fortifications of Albania. There are a total of 158 castles and fortifications in the country that have achieved the...

Mius River, which gave its name to the line. The depth of the line of fortifications reached up to 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) in places. The defense area included...

קו בר-לב Kav Bar-Lev; Arabic: خط بارليف Khaṭṭ Barlīf) was a chain of fortifications built by Israel along the eastern bank of the Suez Canal shortly after...

Compared with the medieval fortified towers they replaced, bastion fortifications offered a greater degree of passive resistance and more scope for ranged...

high. Glacises, also called taluses, were incorporated into medieval fortifications to strengthen the walls against undermining, to hamper escalades and...

gate") is a heavy, vertically closing gate typically found in medieval fortifications. It consists of a latticed grille made of wood and/or metal, which slides...

Israeli and Egyptian military forces. Israel built the Bar Lev Line of fortifications along the east bank of the canal. In 1966, 60% of Italy's, 39% of France's...

BCE. A diagnostic conducted in 2012 revealed several elements of the fortifications that marked the local history: a Roman rampart, the Retraite enclosure...

military command of the Late Roman Empire, consisting of a series of fortifications on both sides of the English Channel. It was established in the late...

fort as seen in its present form in the Dutch architectural style. Fortifications were added up to the early 18th century. The establishment consisted...

Ali Pasha of Yanina in 1807–1808 to become the largest of the several fortifications in the Preveza area. The castle was known in Ottoman times as Iç Kalesı...

complex system of fortifications and security zones, over 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) long and several kilometres deep. The fortifications were established...

earthwork fortifications surrounding the central city of Lucca in Tuscany, Italy. They are among the best preserved Renaissance fortifications in Europe...

this from a tank optimised for destroying modern fortifications, a char d'attaque des fortifications. This latter vehicle should have a powerful high...

Fortifications", Historic England, retrieved 21 December 2015 Pattison 2009, pp. 4, 32 Pattison 2009, pp. 4, 15 "Pendennis Peninsula Fortifications"...

Koknese Castle, also in 1625, by providing a plan of its defensive fortifications to the king, Gustavus Adolphus. As a consequence, Schwengeln was given...

of Afyonkarahisar (Turkish: Afyonkarahisar Kalesi) is a historical fortification, which was built around 1350 BC and is located in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey...

with fortifications such as fortified towers, bastions, and city gates, once surrounding the town (now part of the Old Town). The fortifications were...

A gorge in field fortification is the "unexposed side of a fieldwork", typically the rear of an independent fieldwork or detached outwork in front of...

The Baroque fortifications in the Black Forest (German: Barocke Verteidigungsanlagen im Schwarzwald), also called Baroque Schanzen (Barockschanzen) or...

ISBN 1-56414-491-7 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Medieval Fortifications of the Old Town at Rhodes. Fortresses of the Knights – The fortifications of Rhodes...

Czech–German border by the Czechoslovak border fortifications—a massive but never-completed fortification system that was turned over to Germany in 1938...

drawbridges) and, over time, its integration with the city's overall fortifications. Official documents often refer only to the main buildings of the castle...

Fortress (下関要塞, Shimonoseki yōsai) was the name of a group of coastal fortifications built in the Meiji period to guard the entrance to Kanmon Straits separating...

Ottoman periods. It was built on the site of a series of earlier ancient fortifications of the Hasmonean, Herodian, Byzantine and Early Muslim periods, after...

The Wellenberg Tower was possibly part of the early city fortifications of Zurich. It stood between today's Münster Bridge and the Quaibrücke at the height...

made during the reign of Badis (d. 1073), possibly the double-walled fortifications or a wider reconstruction. In the early 14th century, when Malaga was...

lower courses of the Mureş, Tisza and Olt (Alutus) rivers. In addition fortifications on the north-western border of Dacia for about 6km were needed to close...

settlement or territory in Europe Landwehr (Astengebiet) [de], a series of fortifications around the Kahler Asten in the county of Hochsauerlandkreis, Germany...

is a raised protected walkway behind a castle battlement. In early fortifications, high castle walls were difficult to defend from the ground. The chemin...

The fortifications were built as part of France's Maginot Line defensive strategy, but the sector lacks the large interconnected fortifications found...

of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup. Though a large part of the ancient fortifications has been demolished, Tábor still preserves many memorials of its past...

leadership of Brigadier Marquess Gabriel de Claude, made a sortie from the fortifications, and a force of Tyniec moved towards them – the Poles and their French...

which made it largely unsuitable to field utilization and apt only for fortifications; a lightened 1910 version brought the weight down to 15 kilograms (33 lb)...

Kyoto, Japan. The castle consists of two concentric rings (Kuruwa) of fortifications, the Ninomaru Palace, the ruins of the Honmaru Palace, various support...

earth works were converted into permanent solid fortifications, and by 1910, infantry fortifications had been added. When war broke out in 1914, the fortress...

building dating to around 1150. He was also responsible for several of the fortifications built in Rabat. Anglo-Turkish piracy Susan, Searight (1999). Maverick...

The fortification of Burggraf (German: Abschnittsbefestigung Burggraf), also called the Burggrafenstein or Furchste, is a levelled prehistorical or early...

Jaipur and Jaisalmer Fort at Jaisalmer. Rajasthan has over one hundred fortifications on hills and mountainous terrain. The "Hill Forts of Rajasthan" was...

lines contained significant fortifications, but the National Redoubt was planned as a nearly impregnable complex of fortifications that would deny an aggressor...

Kohoj is a medieval military fortification located near Palghar in Palghar district in Maharashtra, India. Kohoj is located about 104 km from Mumbai off...

Roper's Knob Fortifications were constructed by Union Army forces between February and May 1863 in Franklin, Tennessee. According to Tennessee Archaeology...

housing, and is centred around the Bem Fort, historical 19th-century fortifications whose surroundings now form a park. By the 16th century, the village...

through history. A siege engine is a weapon used to circumvent or destroy fortifications such as defensive walls, castles, bunkers and fortified gateways. Petrary...

variety of band patterns, internal structures, and optical effects. Fortification agates are any wall-banded agates with sharp, well-defined bands. They...

The Neomedieval Forts are a complex of fortifications in the mountainous area that closes the Ceuta peninsula on its border with Morocco. They were built...

ceintures de Lyon ([sɛ̃.tyʁ də ljɔ̃]; "Belts of Lyon") were a series of fortifications built between 1830 and 1890 around the city of Lyon, France, to protect...

for having designed the first Martello tower as well as many other fortifications. Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino came from the Paleari Fratino family...

an additional level of fire. A Dictionary of Military Architecture Fortification and Fieldworks from the Iron Age to the Eighteenth Century by Stephen...

mostly destroyed by the construction between 1794 and 1804 of extensive fortifications to protect the Torbay naval anchorage against threatened invasion by...

A traverse, in military fortification, is a mass of earth or other material employed to protect troops against enfilade. It is constructed at right angles...

armoured vehicles, and on fixed positions inside Czechoslovak border fortifications. Adopted before World War II by the armies of Czechoslovakia (as Těžký...

this kind of fortification fell into disuse. In a wider sense the Russian term has come to be applied to foreign mobile fortifications, such as wagon...

Italy gave new impetus to the fortification program, causing existing fortifications to be updated and new fortifications to be constructed. In particular...

local people. A third element of fortification at Dhayah are watchtowers in the palm groves. Between the three fortifications, the area was rendered secure...

associated with fixed fortifications, most of which were coastal artillery. A late exception was the use in mountain fortifications in Switzerland, where...

medieval stronghold in Blarney, a town in Cork, Ireland. Though earlier fortifications were built on the same spot, the current keep was built by the MacCarthy...

when the area was part of the Danish Realm. The first entirely stone fortifications were built in the beginning of the 14th century. The Livonian branch...

1440, mention seven fortifications before the gates to the royal palace. The large area between the first and third fortifications contained agricultural...

engineer who conceived the fortification of the city Plan of the city and fortifications Plan-relief The moats and fortifications conceived by Vauban Communes...

de Bron is a fortification built between 1875 and 1877, located in the commune of Bron. It is part of the second belt of fortifications around Lyon, which...

introduced. A contravallation is a line of fortifications built by the attackers around the besieged fortification facing towards an enemy fort to protect...

The Riyadh city fortifications (Arabic: سور مدينة الرياض, romanized: Sūr madīnat ar-Riyāḍ) were series of earth-structured defensive walls with watchtowers...

now the fortifications were much stronger and the last Moorish attempt to take the city ended in 1734. Further modifications to the fortifications were made...

invasion from Imperial Russia and subsequently the Soviet Union. Extensive fortifications exist along the entire length of the river, culminating in Bodens Fortress...

making them more suitable for engaging enemy personnel rather than fixed fortifications such as castles. As an early type of multiple-barrel firearm, the ribauldequin...

Guernsey built mainly in two years, between 1941 and 1943, the bulk of the fortifications. The German Festung Guernsey book recorded 616,000m³ of concrete used...

This is a partial list of fortifications in Bulgaria, including castles, castra, defensive walls, etc.   Sites included in the 100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria...

Ruins of a bunker at Fort Strzemięcin Ruins of fortifications at Fort Strzemięcin Ruins of fortifications at Fort Strzemięcin It consisted of Forts Gać...

become a major commercial port and a strongly defended fortress. The fortifications eventually surrounded the town. The walls were constructed mainly between...

Chile and other parts of the west coast of the Americas. The coastal fortifications and defense system was at its peak in the mid-18th century. In 1578...

building the Fort de Châtillon and Fort d'Outreau. The building of any new fortifications was supposed to have ceased under the Treaty of Camp (or Treaty of Ardres)...

removed from 5 December onward, and from 11 December the Czechoslovak fortifications on the West German border were dismantled. The Czech Republic, Slovakia...

Foundation for Stockholm's fortification and the Association for Stockholm's Permanent Defence, donating money to construct fortifications around Stockholm, known...

capital Aliso, with Marktbreit and Waldgirmes) and some legionary camps & fortifications. Someone of them recently discovered: The Agri Decumates were the only...

Great Wall of Gorgan (Red Snake) on its south-eastern shore. These fortifications were historically part of the defence lines built by the Sassanid Persians...

Fortifications of World War II. Combined Publishing. p. 103. ISBN 1-58097-000-1. Puelinckx, Jean. "Eben-Emael – Sous-sol". Index des fortifications belges...

new fortifications. He ordered the building of a half-round tower in the Upper Castle that in 1539 was followed by two large round fortifications for...

barbican is one of the few remaining relics of the complex network of fortifications and defensive barriers that once encircled the royal city of Kraków...

its facilities. Defended by its hilly terrain and strengthened with fortifications and powerful artillery, it was widely considered to be an impregnable...

guardhouse is preserved as a listed historic site and one of the surviving fortifications in Rozel Seigneurie, Jersey. It is located 24 km from St.Helier, 760...

assigned to the 21st Alpini Fortification Grouping. The battalion was tasked with manning the easternmost Alpine Wall fortifications in the upper Puster Valley...

v t e Fortifications Ancient Abatis Acropolis Agger Broch Burgus Caltrop Castellum Castra Castros Chengqiang Circular rampart City gate Crannog Ditch Defensive...

fortifications were still unfinished, as considerable resources were either in very short supply or had been diverted to improving the fortifications...

Some, including Reichskommissar Josef Terboven, thought that these fortifications would serve effectively as a last perimeter of defense of the Third...

forts and entered the city, fighting did not take place on the ancient fortifications of Erzurum. The castle features a brick minaret from the 12th century...

fails to develop adequately, is intentionally killed by additional fortification, or is allowed to die off through non-replenishment. Without the layer...

Americans from constructing any new fortifications or naval bases in the Pacific Ocean region. Existing fortifications in Singapore, the Philippines and...

Tripolitanus in Tunisia. In Roman North Africa there were no continuous border fortifications such as Hadrian's Wall in Britain. The transitions on the Limes Africanus...

for the new fortifications was cut off by 1878, leaving much of the program unfinished. By the 1880s most of the earthen fortifications were in disrepair...

The Stalin Line was a line of fortifications along the western border of the Soviet Union (USSR). Work began on the system in the 1920s to protect the...

Victoria Lines, originally known as the North West Front, are a line of fortifications that spans 12 kilometres along the width of Malta, dividing the north...

these changes was the development of the bastion fort, or alla moderna fortifications, with a polygon-shaped fortress with bulwarks at the corners. These...

main east-west route (today Bundesstraße 1). However, it had no real fortifications, unlike Spandau in the west (Spandau Citadel) and Köpenick in the east...

manor, or a fine country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions....

the village of Drewnica, Pomeranian Voivodeship. It was the site of fortifications that existed only in the 17th century; a lock built in 1895 exists here...

Chenjiamman. The fortifications contain a sacred pond known as Aanaikulam. On the top of the hillock, there are minor fortifications. The fort, in modern...

moved their residence to Marienberg. Beginning around 1200, medieval fortifications were constructed on the hill. Under Bishop Konrad von Querfurt, Saint...

also served as painter-in-ordinary to the French king and designer of fortifications in Brittany. He is also notable as father of Charles Errard the Younger...

Paris suburb of Kremlin-Bicêtre. The fort is part of the Thiers Wall fortifications of Paris, built under a program of defensive works initiated by Adolphe...

combination of stone and brick masonry, large ramparts, and hill-edge fortifications—are consistent with other sites attributed to the Chutias in the Lohit...

to the south, was defended by Byzantine fortifications which the Venetians largely replaced with fortifications of their own design. As part of their defensive...

The Fort de Marchovelette is one of nine forts built as part of the fortifications of Namur in the late 19th century in Belgium. It was built between 1888...

The Food Fortification Initiative (FFI) is an organization that promotes the fortification of industrially milled flours and cereals. FFI assists country...

Fortress of the Muslim (also Fortification of the Muslim; Arabic: حصن المسلم من أذكار الكتاب والسنة, romanized: ḥiṣn al-Muslim min ad͟hkār al-kitab wal-sunnah)...

centre Komárno – mostly preserved city fortification complex contains Komárno fortress (New and Old) and fortifications of the city as Palatine's line and...

the town, together with numerous surrounding fortifications, including the Castle Islands Fortifications, was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site...

earthen fortifications were actively used for saltpeter mining, which led to their partial destruction. Specific information about the fortifications and...

title Fortifications of Vauban. The forts on the other hills were all built in the 19th century. The only remaining pre-Vauban fortifications are Porte...

This is a list of castles, fortifications and schlösser in the Eifel mountains covering the period from the Celts to the Early Modern Period. The list...

(1631). Coastal fortifications of Jersey Coastal fortifications of Malta Coastal fortifications of New Zealand Coastal fortifications of the United States...

most of the fortifications were erected during the Venetian rule; later some modifications were made by the Austrians. The fortifications are the most...

field fortification of Tiefenstürmig (German: Abschnittsbefestigung Tiefenstürmig) is a levelled, probably prehistorical, sector fortification at a height...

1450; it had the capacity to reduce traditional English castle wall fortifications to rubble. French armories would cast a tubular cannon body in a single...

strategically important by the Dutch government. From 1931 onwards, fortifications consisting of seventeen casemates and three bunkers were constructed...

It is considered one of the finest examples of early 19th century fortifications. The fort was named in honor of Major General Philip Schuyler of the...

effective against traditional medieval fortifications. Military engineering significantly revised the way fortifications were built in order to be better protected...

Celtic toponymy; especially that of Ireland and Scotland. It can include fortifications of all sizes and kinds: Donegal Doneraile Down Dún Laoghaire Dún an...

is a public park in Copenhagen. Once it was a part of the old city fortifications. The park was designed by landscape architect H.A. Flindt who also designed...

series of fortifications along the river to control the area, but a flood in 1302 changed the course of the river and made the fortifications useless....

differentiates enrichment from fortification, which is the process of introducing new nutrients to a food. 79 countries have made fortification or enrichment for wheat...

of a battlement (a crenellated parapet) in medieval architecture or fortifications. Merlons are sometimes pierced by narrow, vertical embrasures, or tooth-like...

natural frontiers (most notably the Rhine and Danube rivers) and man-made fortifications which separated the lands of the empire from the countries beyond. The...

programme began in 1938 following an order by Hitler to strengthen fortifications on the western German border. Limes refers to the former borders of...

Age hillforts or Roman forts and employed materials from the original fortifications. As at Lundenburh (medieval London), many were also situated on rivers:...

Danish Fortifications Service and the Holsteiner Fortifications Service. The first quartermaster general in charge of the Holsteiner Fortifications Service...

materials and a qualified workforce hampered the building of proper fortifications. With Germany's defeat in The Great War, von Brandenstein's plan was...

(also siege guns or siege cannons) are heavy guns designed to bombard fortifications, cities, and other fixed targets. They are distinct from field artillery...

planning to attack it. The defenses consisted of a series of twelve land fortifications overlooking the entrances to the harbor, equipped with Krupp and Armstrong...

in Germany after which the castle was modelled. List of castles and fortifications in South Africa List of castles in Africa "Hout Bay's famous castle...

1860s and the First World War the Kingdom of Italy built a number of fortifications along its border with Austria-Hungary. From 1859 the fortified border...

Swedish Fortifications (Inspektör över rikets befästningar) in terms of fortification arrangements. The Office of the Inspector General of Fortifications...

Croix-Rousse fortification were the forts of Caluire (1831), now replaced by the stade Henri Cochet, and Montessuy (1831). Fortifications on the left bank...

This is a list of World War II-era fortifications on the British Columbia Coast. Barrett Point 54°14′28″N 130°20′02″W / 54.24111°N 130.33389°W / 54...

1858, s. v. Fortification Rüstow, Die Lehre vom neueren Festfestungskrieg, 1860, vol. 1, p. 251. Fa & Finlayson (2006). The Fortifications of Gibraltar...

Simon de Montfort was appointed the new viscount and added to the fortifications. In 1240, Trencavel's son tried unsuccessfully to reconquer his old...

with arms and ammunition; later, 200 men joined the expedition. The fortifications of Qashliq before the battle were deteriorating. Because a siege would...

Japan to slow down pursuers and also was used in the defense of samurai fortifications. Makibishi was one of the items supposedly used by the ninja. It had...

medieval battles. Eketorp is the only one of the 19 known prehistoric fortifications on Öland that has been completely excavated, yielding a total of over...

referred to as the Castle Islands. Their fortifications are the oldest surviving English New World fortifications (due primarily to their having been constructed...

(airforce) would also man some of the fortifications, and they had their own designs and designations of fortifications, the Navy used M (Mittlere or Medium)...

of fortifications known as Alpine Line, or the Little Maginot Line. In contrast to the Maginot Line facing the German border, the fortifications in the...

(2009-12-21). Vauban and the French Military Under Louis XIV: An Illustrated History of Fortifications and Strategies. McFarland. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-7864-5698-7....

the fortifications of the Alpine Wall between the lower Soča river and the Torre and Natisone rivers. On 18 August 1964, the XVI and XXI fortification battalions...

donjon, torn down from 1870–1872 during the Meiji Period. There has been fortifications at or around the castle's current site since the Kamakura Period (1185–1333)...

Temple Ewell. It was discovered in 1806 during the construction of the fortifications on Dover Western Heights. According to Matthew Paris the Templar church...

From 1946 to 1964, Czechoslovakia built fortifications along the south and south-western frontier, on the common border with the capitalist countries of...

were an excellent option for small forts or other hastily constructed fortifications. Since they were made of wood, they could often be quickly and easily...

Gates. The last two have not survived. The stone fortifications stretched for only 3.5 km. The fortification of the Old Kyiv (Upper City) stretched from the...

Fort Clarence is a now defunct fortification that is located in Rochester, Kent, England. The fort was built between 1808 and 1812 to prevent invaders...

of river and harbor fortifications. In May 1903, he was posted to Norfolk, Virginia as commander of river and harbor fortifications construction. In November...

one of the best preserved fortifications of this kind in Serbia as well as on the Balkan Peninsula. The existing fortification is of Ottoman Turkish origin...

parts of the fortifications of Portsmouth, England. It is a Grade I listed building. A tower was built in 1494 as part of the fortifications and served...

and building fortifications on the Black Sea coast of Circassia for a long time. The Russians began to strengthen their fortifications by making more...

as mayor of the city. The district's name derives from the historic fortifications that Timișoara possessed over the centuries. The city once had both...

Almohad palaces once stood. The Almohads were also prolific builders of fortifications and forts across their realm. They were responsible for building (or...

The Inarajan Pillbox is a World War II-era defensive fortification near the mouth of Inarajan Bay in the United States territory of Guam. Set on a limestone...

national defense chain of coastal fortifications. This program was later called the Second System of US fortifications. Thus construction began on Fort...

was part of Festung Posen ("Fortress Poznań"), a system of defensive fortifications around the Polish city of Poznań. Fort Winiary was first constructed...

comprises a centuries-old historic district, entirely surrounded by fortifications, that was considered at the time of the Spanish Empire to be the entire...

Jangseong), two sets of fortifications between Korea and China Great Wall of Vietnam (Wall of Quảng Ngãi), a set of fortifications between northern and southern...

the city's fortifications. The demolition was again proposed in the 1870s and 1880s, but it was never carried out and the fortifications have survived...

terms, is the relinquishment of control over territory, combatants, fortifications, ships or armament to another power. A surrender may be accomplished...

deployed in single gun defensive casemates in the Czechoslovak border fortifications before World War II. The Škoda 10 cm vz. 38 was developed and built...

one of a series of coastal fortifications around the Maltese Islands. The battery formed part of a chain of fortifications built to defend Marsalforn...

1945 the occupying German forces and the Organisation Todt constructed fortifications, roads, and other facilities in the Channel Islands. In a letter from...

Civitas Cotonera was intended as a city surrounded by fortifications. These impressive fortifications were built according to the plan of Antonio Maurizio...

Ioannis Klimakas the center, and he with 100 horsemen surveyed the fortifications. On the morning of January 29, 1829, Mahmut Pasha appeared leading his...

II, the park area was part of Fort Burnside, one of several coastal fortifications designed to protect Narragansett Bay. The park's scenic shoreline offers...

The Zemun fortress is a fortification located on a hill in Zemun in Belgrade. Zemun's medieval walls were built on top of the old Celtic, and then Roman...

the Russians had prepared for the new invasion, setting up innovative fortifications just beyond the Oka. The Russian forces, variously estimated at between...

In fortification, a coffer is a hollow lodgment against a dry moat, the upper part being made of pieces of timber raised about two feet above the level...

performs a variety of military engineering duties, such as breaching fortifications, demolitions, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, preparing...

surrounded by other Nervii. Just then, Vorenus, following Pullo from the fortifications, reached the site of the mêlée and engaged the enemy in hand-to-hand...

Brigade under the command of Engineer Eleazar Lezaeta Acharán [es] on the fortifications constructed by Delmiro Koch. For more than a century the fort was maintained...

is part of the complex of the "Garrison Border Town of Elvas and its Fortifications" classified since June 30, 2012 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO....

tested rifled cannons in 1862, the success of which rendered brick fortifications obsolete. The fort was also used as a prisoner-of-war camp. The national...

old buildings and art exhibitions is very popular for visitors. The fortifications in Fredrikstad included: Kongsten fort Isegran fort Cicignon fort Huth...

the medieval fortifications of Bratislava (Pressburg, Pozsony), and arms located in the tower. Museum exhibits cover the town's fortification beginnings...

the fortifications would fall, creating a breach. Before the development of explosives, sapping was the undermining of an enemy's fortifications, which...

Compostela. The fortifications were added to UNESCO's World Heritage List in late 2000 as "the finest example of late Roman fortifications in western Europe...

The present Fort Lennox was built from 1819 to 1829, when the old fortifications were completely demolished. It remained a military post until 1870 and...

sight and in 1645, he published Les Fortifications; this became the dominant text of its era on military fortifications and significantly influenced Sébastien...

Fortification Rock, once a landmark hill on the Colorado River before it was inundated, now known as Rock Island, southernmost and tallest of the Boulder...

It is known for its fortification with two water ditches, four vauban bastions and five rondells. In the center of the fortification is a Renaissance castle...

introduced in 1989 and primarily used for flood control and military fortifications. It is made of a collapsible wire mesh container and heavy-duty geotextile...

The Masefau Defensive Fortifications consist of a pair of concrete pillboxes on the shores of Masefau Bay on the island of Tutuila in the United States...

List, because of its unique Baroque and neoclassical architecture, its fortifications, and its historical importance as a stop on the route to the New World...

military fortifications from 1600 till the last fortifications at Santiago and Fernando on the bay in 1753. In all, 10 different fortifications were built...

and British armies. The officeholder was responsible for overseeing fortifications and blockhouses protecting the River Thames: on the south side of the...

Vallum is either the whole or a portion of the fortifications of a Roman camp. The vallum usually comprised an earthen or turf rampart (Agger) with a wooden...

Built in the early 20th century, the group fortification became part of a wider program of fortifications called "Moselstellung", encompassing fortresses...

Fortification Fortification is a locality in the western part of the Catlins region of Southland in New Zealand's South Island. Nearby settlements include...

during the Greek Civil War. The communist defenses were two lines of fortifications with minefields and concealed bunkers. Initial air attacks used small-sized...

Western Sahara berm and the Western Sahara separation barrier. The fortifications lie in uninhabited or very sparsely inhabited territory. They consist...

Lumbee Indians, also had been impressed to assist with work on the fortifications. After the improvements, Fort Fisher became the largest Confederate...

had just arrived from Fort Ticonderoga to create the prefabricated fortifications and cannon placements. Hay bales were placed between the path taken...

each. By the end of 4th century BC, the city belonged to Chersonesus. Fortifications of the city were strengthened in 3rd century BC due to Scythian and...

Reichsschutzstellung, 'Reich protection position') was a system of fortifications planned by Nazi Germany in the late stages of World War II to extend...

ordered for an enormous new ring of forts to protect the city. Unlike the fortifications under construction, the new forts would defend the city in all directions...

urban fortification. A bastille is a fortification located at the principal entrance to a town or city; as such it is a similar type of fortification to...

Barbettes are several types of gun emplacement in terrestrial fortifications or on naval ships. In recent[when?] naval usage, a barbette is a protective...

Schnelle, M.; Muth, S.; Schneider, P. (2016). Focus on Fortifications: New Research on Fortifications in the Ancient Mediterranean and the Near East. Oxbow...

thick city walls and other fortifications in siege warfare. Some are immobile, constructed in place to attack enemy fortifications from a distance, while...

after spiking his siege guns and blowing up the fortifications. The guns were spiked but the fortifications only suffered minor damage. On 26 November 1744...

confirmed an earlier fortification line. The southern extent of the ancient town is reconstructed from both the fortifications and the urban layout....

and other fortifications which were built earlier in the Middle Ages, but were completely rebuilt by the Republic of Venice. The fortifications managed...

approach with fortifications and defended these with three cohorts of troops. This forced his opponents to either attack the fortifications or march round...

The Dooley's Ferry Fortifications Historic District protects a series of military earthworks erected in southwestern Arkansas, along the Red River in Hempstead...

Fortification Hill is a prominence adjacent to Lake Mead in the Lake Mead National Recreation Area; it is located at the northwest terminus region of...

is more than 60m high, at whose summit and base are the remains of fortifications and barracks, the point reaches towards the north-east via the rocher...

fortifications, which may include a barbican but also a bastion, gate, tower or all of these. Barbicans were also used in South Asian fortifications to...

(1618–1648), and the Coalition Wars (1792–1809). Near the pass are fortifications (St. Luzisteig Fortress [de]) that were partially destroyed several...

part of their military strategy and tactics. They were networks of fortifications, walls, and/or ditches built opposite the territory of the enemies....

during a Norman siege in 1082, by which time it apparently had some fortifications. The castle was the citadel of the city, and is attributed to the early...

1930s, Swiss military planners became concerned that the territory made fortifications in Fläsch vulnerable. This concern was heightened by perceptions that...

are one of the country's most complete and best-preserved medieval fortifications and among the most notable examples in Europe. The Old Town of Ávila...

was not a classic military siege, in which a city is encircled with fortifications blocking all routes of ingress and egress, nor was it strictly limited...

Czechoslovakia and then Slovakia. Originally a Romanesque stone castle with fortifications, a two-story Romanesque palace and a three-nave Romanesque-Gothic basilica...

revolutionized the design of fortifications in France. He gave his name to the Séré de Rivières system of fortifications constructed after the Franco-Prussian...

French and Indian War, he is best remembered for his engineering work on fortifications at the Siege of Boston, Fort Ticonderoga, Mount Independence, and West...

Wareham Castle and the town defences, known locally as the Walls, were fortifications in the town of Wareham in Dorset, England. The site of the town of Wareham...

of it. In early 20th-century fortification, the enceinte was usually simply the innermost continuous line of fortifications. In architecture, generally...

the fortifications which he designed in Belgium and Romania and would influence another in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The fortifications he...

scholae, garrisoned fortifications along the borders of the Roman Empire and were not normally expected to fight far from their fortifications. The limitanei...

the castle hill dates to at least the 8th century BC while the oldest fortifications on the site date from the 2nd century BC. The hill on which Saint George's...

Jost Museum) is situated near the Ouvrage Hochwald, one of the major fortifications of the Maginot Line in France, near to the village of Drachenbronn in...

was granted permission by Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor to add fortifications to the castle and the surrounding town. The architect Licher Baum Wolff...

Estonia in 2025. A number of bunkers were also being constructed. Border fortifications were built in Latvia in 2025. At the end of 2025, Latvia completed the...

classic line of fortifications by Vauban. The town was occupied by the Portuguese between 1809 and 1817 and Vauban's fortifications were destroyed, as...

the same day, Montenegrin guns commenced firing on Austro-Hungarian fortifications. The forts of Kotor and the old armoured cruiser SMS Kaiser Karl VI...

engineers twice surveyed the fortifications, produced a scale model and tabled the plans in the House of Commons. The fortifications of such a purpose-built...

Fortress, Russian: Ивангородская крепость) refers to the 19th century fortifications in the town of Dęblin, Poland. Part of the fortress is used as a museum...

Religious Affairs, with the fortifications being listed as a separate entry. Exterior view Another exterior view Tower Fortifications from interior Bastion...

authorities to spend part of their time supporting and renewing the fortifications. In the autumn, large areas of steppegrass beyond the line were burned...

built with well-cut rusticated ashlar, a masonry typical of Armenian fortifications. There are fragments of Byzantine walls as well as an entrance corridor...

massive imperial palace complex and endowed the city with extensive fortifications and monumental gates. The city recorded a population of 551,503 in the...

Even though the fortifications around the Inner City were being dismantled in the late 19th century, Christianshavn's fortifications continued in use...

the term embraces many very different settlements in high locations. Fortifications protected at least a few Germanic settlements. Unlike the Romans, however...

This list does not include castles, fortresses and other historical fortifications, which are listed in a separate article. This list also does not include...

modern fortification style, as a hexagonal (originally pentagonal) star fort, following the addition of 12 bastions. The external fortifications reached...

overcoming natural and man-made obstacles for the infantry, clearing enemy fortifications with flamethrowers and then destroying them with demolition charges...

Mayfield Fortification is a historic American Civil War earthworks at 8401 Quarry Road in Manassas, Virginia. It is one of a series of fortifications constructed...

the modern Via Marmorata. Due to its incorporation into the city's fortifications, it is today one of the best-preserved ancient buildings in Rome. The...

century AD, probably under Domitian, and in the early 2nd century stone fortifications were constructed. In its later days the fort served as the base of a...

authored a Treaty of fortifications or military architecture, drawn from the most estimated places of our times, for fortifications, whose original edition...

Saint Martin. The area has been inhabited since the 17th century and fortifications were erected in 1789. The population has been in decline for decades...

Fitton. It would seem that the government leased part of the island for fortifications in the 1770s while the owner remained in residence, the house only being...

(Maltese: Is-Swar tal-Furjana) are a line of fortifications in Floriana, Malta, which surround the fortifications of Valletta and form the capital city's outer...

not built. Tortoise heavy assault tank: 80 tons, designed to attack fortifications. 6 pilot vehicles were completed. Neither of the TOG prototypes were...

2006). The Fortifications of Gibraltar 1068–1945. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-016-1. Retrieved 11 October 2012. "Gates & Fortifications". About Our...

restoration of historic fortifications. — 2022. — № 17. — s. 79-113. Zapadenko I., Leskiv I. About the «turkish fortifications» of Medzhybizh 1672-1699...

Initially, the fortifications were made of dirt and wood, but later they were replaced by mightier stone walls. The first fortifications of Paczków were...

Martius Museum interprets Ohio history. Campus Martius was the second fortification in Marietta, Ohio and the first primarily for civilian defense. The...

Fort Neuf is one of seventeen forts built as part of the Thiers Wall fortifications for the defense of the capital. During the Siege of Paris (1870–1871)...

contemporary with the federal government's second system of seacoast fortifications, they were not part of the federal program. Federal rebuilding of Forts...

The Fort de Bois l'Abbé, or Fort Poniatowski, is part of the fortifications of Épinal, France. It was built near the village of Uxegney between 1883 and...

Castle Citadel Fortification / List of fortifications Palace / List of palaces List of buildings List of forts Map of Castles and Fortifications of Croatia...

fortifications have survived at Acre. However, later in the nineteenth century the political situation had changed, and Abu-Nabbut's fortifications were...

is a small bomb used for blowing up gates and walls when breaching fortifications, originally invented in France in 1579. A typical petard was a conical...

ever built in the world and the most important of the Sasanian defense fortifications. It is 195 km (121 mi) long and 6–10 m (20–33 ft) wide and features...

The Group Fortification Francois de Guise was built by Germany in the first annexation. It was part of a wider program of fortifications called "Moselstellung"...

military fortifications by the leader of the Egyptian government, Ahmed ʻUrabi. In this role, Fehmy oversaw the construction of military fortifications which...

location there is designed to represent the integral importance of the fortifications, and therefore of the city of Geneva, to the Reformation. The monument...

the Roman Senate. Upon defeating the Germans, Probus re-erected the fortifications of emperor Hadrian between the Rhine and Danube rivers, protecting the...

a mountain at elevations of 715 and 670 metres and contains strong fortifications and battlements at a length of 1,550 metres. Rudkhan Castle consists...

projection was used by French military artists in the 18th century to depict fortifications. Oblique projection was used almost universally by Chinese artists from...

involved the discussions surrounding armed fortifications. It was agreed unanimously that any fortifications remaining from the First World War that had...

military forces. Numerous feudal domains were ordered to establish fortifications along their coastlines with shore artillery located at strategic locations...

site of an earlier Byzantine fort. In the 12th century, the town's fortifications were rebuilt and expanded. By this time, the city had also been reduced...

The Linienwall was the outer line of the fortifications for the city of Vienna, Austria, that lay between the city's suburbs and outlying villages. Constructed...

the Grand Principality of Serbia. Among many other obsolete medieval fortifications in Serbia, Jeleč stands out with its unusual position. It's built on...

fortresses are a system of fortifications built by the Russian Empire in Eastern Europe in the early 19th century. The fortifications were constructed in three...

Heritage Site under the name, "Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama." The organization describes the fortifications as follows: "Magnificent examples...

the Liège fortifications and extended them onto the Pays de Herve (Herve plateau) closer to Germany, using the most advanced fortification technology...

De Munitionibus Castrorum ("Concerning the fortifications of a military camp") is a work by an unknown author. Due to this work formerly being attributed...

Heads, and consist of fortifications at the entrance to the Bay and on the shoals between the main shipping channels. Fortifications and barracks were built...

after Prince Rupert of the Rhine, the first HBC governor, the strong fortifications were to provide protection from the fierce Nahwitti warriors in the...

their ability to fire explosive shells and incendiary materials into fortifications. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, howitzers evolved to become...

or Dantivarma II, bears the date sak 675 (A.D. 733–54). In 1676, the fortifications were considerably improved by Shivaji, subsequent to which it was known...

acquired by two Acts of Parliament. These were the Fortifications Act 1708 and the Fortifications Act 1709. The land was surveyed in April 1715 by Duke...

Secretariat of the Knights List of Knights Hospitaller sites Fortifications of Malta Fortifications of Rhodes Kolossi Castle Mailberg Castle of La Muela Palace...

Blackrock Castle is a castellated fortification located at Blackrock, about 2 km from Cork city centre on the banks of the River Lee in Ireland. Originally...

Rochelle and Montauban. The Huguenots would have to raze their other fortifications. They also would thenceforth be forbidden from holding their general...

Blue Springs Encampments and Fortifications is the site of a Civil War military encampment in Bradley County, Tennessee. Union Army forces commanded by...

on the extreme right of the American right flank, close to the river fortifications next to the hudson river. The regiment was disbanded on January 1, 1777...

ownership of most of the fortifications to civil authorities. In 1849, the Government of France decided that the city fortifications should be demolished...

intention of being used as normal living quarters. They were really defense fortifications rather than what were called "forts" at the time, which were on land...

the final cost was more than £200,000, a vast figure at the time. The fortifications form an example of defence in depth. The main walls are stone-faced...