DOSEN PROFIL LENGKAP

The endothelium (pl.: endothelia) is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels...

diseases, endothelial dysfunction is an unhealthy state of the cells that line the blood vessels (endothelium). The main cause of endothelial dysfunction...

Fuchs dystrophy, also referred to as Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED), is a slowly progressing corneal...

Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are endothelial cells that have been shed from the lining of the vascular wall into the blood stream. Endothelial cells...

endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized post-capillary venules characterized by plump endothelial cells as opposed to the usual flatter endothelial...

Endothelial colony forming cells (or ECFCs) are adult endothelial progenitor cells capable of differentiating to regenerate endothelial cell populations...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, /vɛdʒˈɛf/), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a signal protein produced by many cells...

also occur through contaminated food, bites, and scratches. Vascular endothelial cells and macrophages are the primary cells infected by hantaviruses...

Endothelial lipase (LIPG) is a form of lipase secreted by vascular endothelial cells in tissues with high metabolic rates and vascularization, such as...

cooption also play a role. Vasculogenesis is the embryonic formation of endothelial cells from mesoderm cell precursors, and from neovascularization, although...

regeneration of the endothelial lining of blood vessels. Outgrowth endothelial cells are an EPC subtype committed to endothelial cell formation. Despite...

Endothelial activation is a proinflammatory and procoagulant state of the endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels. It is most characterized...

VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) are receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). There are three main subtypes of VEGFR, numbered 1, 2 and 3. Depending...

capillaries and has a lining of specialised endothelial cells known as the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and Kupffer cells. The cells are...

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), also known as Masson's hemangio-endotheliome vegetant intravasculaire, Masson's lesion, Masson's...

blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that regulates the transfer of solutes and chemicals between the...

multi-functional mural cells that adhere to the external surface of the endothelial cells that form the endothelium of capillaries and other microvessels...

activated endothelial cells show enlarged nucleoli. Degradation of endothelial basement membrane: The wound macrophages, mast cells and the endothelial cells...

Endothelial stem cells (ESCs) are one of three types of stem cells found in bone marrow. They are multipotent, which describes the ability to give rise...

The term scavenger endothelial cell (SEC) was initially coined to describe a specialized sub-group of endothelial cells in vertebrates that express a remarkably...

Vascular endothelial growth factor B also known as VEGF-B is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the VEGF-B gene. VEGF-B is a growth factor that...

Endothelial cell tropism or endotheliotropism is a type of tissue tropism or host tropism that characterizes an pathogen's ability to recognize and infect...

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) form the lining of the smallest blood vessels in the liver, also called the hepatic sinusoids. LSECs are highly...

Tumor-associated endothelial cells or tumor endothelial cells (TECs) refers to cells lining the tumor-associated blood vessels that control the passage...

Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is a method of corneal transplantation that involves the removal of a thin sheet of tissue from the...

C-fos-induced growth factor (FIGF) (or vascular endothelial growth factor D, VEGF-D) is a vascular endothelial growth factor that in humans is encoded by the...

Iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndromes are a spectrum of diseases characterized by slowly progressive abnormalities of the corneal endothelium and features...

receptor (KDR, a type IV receptor tyrosine kinase) also known as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is a VEGF receptor. KDR is the human...

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VEGFA gene. The chemical formula is C3914H6252N1212O1278S52...

Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) also known as activated protein C receptor (APC receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROCR gene...

and the endothelial layer of the cornea. It is composed of different kinds of collagen (Type IV and VIII) than the stroma. The endothelial layer is located...

located on the apical surface of vascular endothelial cells which line the lumen, and is termed the endothelial glycocalyx. When vessels are stained with...

Endothelial NOS (eNOS), also known as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) or constitutive NOS (cNOS), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS3 gene...

of an artery or vein), consisting of a thin wall of simple squamous endothelial cells. They are the site of the exchange of many substances from the...

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are cells derived from the endothelium of veins from the umbilical cord. They are used as a laboratory...

Cadherin-5, or VE-cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin), also known as CD144 (Cluster of Differentiation 144), is a type of cadherin. It is encoded...

Pre Descemet's endothelial keratoplasty (PDEK) is a kind of endothelial keratoplasty, where the pre descemet's layer (PDL) along with descemet's membrane...

system, but it is used less commonly now, as it is understood that most endothelial cells are not macrophages. The mononuclear phagocyte system is also a...

vesicles, or bullae, are formed in the cornea due to endothelial dysfunction. In a healthy cornea, endothelial cells keeps the tissue from excess fluid absorption...

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) also known as cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the...

research primarily focuses on the circulating endothelial compartment, with an emphasis on the role of endothelial cells—both mature and progenitor cells— and...

The corneal endothelium is a single layer of endothelial cells on the inner surface of the cornea. It faces the chamber formed between the cornea and...

the ventral endothelial wall of the embryonic dorsal aorta, through an endothelial transdifferentiation process referred to as an 'endothelial-to-haematopoietic...

surfaces of activated endothelial cells, which line the inner surface of blood vessels, and activated platelets. In unactivated endothelial cells, it is stored...

also occur through contaminated food, bites, and scratches. Vascular endothelial cells and macrophages are the primary cells infected by hantaviruses...

kidney. It consists of a glomerulus - a tuft of capillaries composed of endothelial cells - and a glomerular capsule known as Bowman's capsule. The renal...

"Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty versus Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty for corneal endothelial failure". Cochrane...

Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI), also known as TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A) and TNF superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15), is protein that in humans...

Blood vessel walls are lined by a single layer of endothelial cells. The gaps between endothelial cells (cell junctions) are strictly regulated depending...

into a sphere with a symmetrical lattice is not yet known. Vascular endothelial cells and macrophages are the primary cells infected by hantaviruses...

Endothelial cell anergy is a condition during the process of angiogenesis, where endothelial cells, the cells that line the inside of blood vessels, can...

enzyme thymidine phosphorylase. The TYMP gene is also known as ECGF1 (endothelial cell growth factor 1, platelet-derived) and MNGIE due to its role in...

Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is a protein that is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor / vascular endothelial growth factor...

Growth factors that inhibit neovascularization include those that affect endothelial cell division and differentiation. These growth factors often act in...

layer of endothelial cells (and macrophages in areas of disturbed blood flow), and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are...

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLT1 gene. FLT1 is a member of VEGF receptor gene family....

composed of endothelial tissue and a basal membrane lining the lumen of the vessel, concentric smooth muscle layers on top of endothelial tissue, and...

stain belong to a highly specialised group of cells called scavenger endothelial cells (SECs) that are not macrophages. In the 1920s, the originator of...

PGF gene. Placental growth factor is a member of the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) sub-family - a key molecule in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis...

antigen-like family member E (CD62E), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), or leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 2 (LECAM2), is...

each kidney. Blood is filtered as it passes through three layers: the endothelial cells of the capillary wall, its basement membrane, and between the podocyte...

Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1, also known as hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha (HIF-2α)) is a protein that is encoded by the EPAS1...

The chronic endothelial injury hypothesis is one of two major mechanisms postulated to explain the underlying cause of atherosclerosis and coronary heart...

BMP binding endothelial regulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMPER gene. KLF15 is a strong and direct activator of BMPER expression...

Weibel–Palade bodies are the storage granules of endothelial cells, the cells that form the inner lining of the blood vessels and heart. They manufacture...

update] Atherosclerosis is associated with inflammatory processes in the endothelial cells of the vessel wall associated with retained low-density lipoprotein...

is expressed in many tissues, mainly in the lung, including vascular endothelial cells, epithelial kidney cells, and testicular Leydig cells, whereas...

of growth factor signaling. Epithelial growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are all...

Anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, also known as anti-VEGF (/vɛdʒˈɛf/) therapy or medication, is the use of medications that block vascular...

Human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) are cells derived from the endothelium of arteries from the umbilical cord. They are used as a laboratory...

thrombosis. Hypercoagulability Hemodynamic changes (stasis, turbulence) Endothelial injury/dysfunction It is named after the renowned German physician Rudolf...

dimensions of pores through or between the endothelial cells. This fibre matrix endocapillary layer is called the endothelial glycocalyx. The Starling equation...

steps:[citation needed] Chemoattraction Rolling adhesion Tight adhesion (Endothelial) Transmigration It has been demonstrated that leukocyte recruitment is...

receptor genes are also sometimes referred to as "Edg" (an acronym for endothelial differentiation gene). The ligands for LPL-R group are the lysophospholipid...

proliferation of the endothelial cells. They also found that targeting MEK1 and cyclin E1 with small interfering RNA decreased the number of endothelial cells. A...

complementary to the cardiovascular system. Lymph vessels are lined by endothelial cells, and have a thin layer of smooth muscle, and adventitia that binds...

recognized for their improvement of cancer immunotherapy by overcoming endothelial cell anergy. Angiogenesis inhibitors are also used to effectively treat...

activity is necessary and sufficient to specify a lymphatic endothelial cell fate in endothelial progenitors located in the embryonic veins. PROX1 has been...

preexisting blood vessels. Angiogenesis proceeds through sprouting, endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and vessel destabilization and stabilization...

such as mucins for binding. The three family members are E-selectin (endothelial), L-selectin (leukocyte), and P-selectin (platelet). The best-characterized...

critically regulated by various cell types, including the blood vessel cells (endothelial cells), immune cells or stromal cells. The growth of a new network of...

Cell junctions or junctional complexes are a class of cellular structures consisting of multiprotein complexes that provide contact or adhesion between...

Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE1), also known as extracellular link domain containing 1 (XLKD1) is a Link domain-containing hyaladherin...

Vascular endothelial zinc finger 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VEZF1 gene. Transcriptional regulatory proteins containing tandemly repeated...

also plays an important regulatory role in microcirculatory function. Endothelial cells respond to biochemical and mechanical stimuli and regulate vascular...

Endothelial differentiation-related factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EDF1 gene. This gene encodes a protein that may regulate endothelial...

The cell line is commonly used in vascular research and studies of endothelial brain tissue. In particular, bEnd.3 cells can serve as blood–brain barrier...

vesiculo-vacuolar organelle (VVO) is an organelle that contributes to endothelial cell permeability. VVOs are found in the endothelium of normal blood...

capillaries consist of a tube lined by endothelial cells with a central lumen. The gaps between these endothelial cells are called fenestrae. The walls...

other cases do not last longer than around five days. The virus attacks endothelial cells, rupturing capillaries and causing blood loss and haemorrhaging;...

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P receptor 1 or S1PR1), also known as endothelial differentiation gene 1 (EDG1) is a protein that in humans is encoded...

that artery. The primary cause of FMD is release of nitric oxide by endothelial cells. To determine FMD, brachial artery dilation following a transient...

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is a strong vasodilator produced by cardiac endothelial cells in response to stress signals such as high levels of ADP accumulation...

calcium-dependent and represents the early, more reversible stage of vasospasm. Endothelial cells regulate vascular tone by producing vasodilators (like nitric oxide...

"Identification of endosialin, a cell surface glycoprotein of vascular endothelial cells in human cancer". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (22): 10832–6...

growth regulators, blood platelet-derived endothelial cell, growth factors, blood platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, deoxythymidine phosphorylase...

lesions secrete the lymphangiogenic factor VEGF-D, recruit lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) that form lymphatic vessels and induce lung cysts. VEGF-D...

of bacterial infection and lowered their adhesion to endothelial cells. (Adhesion to endothelial cells of blood vessel walls is pre-requisite for these...

prions and molecules CD41 and CXCR4. Endothelial microparticles are small vesicles that are released from endothelial cells and can be found circulating...

multipotent precursor cells that can differentiate into both hematopoietic and endothelial cells. In the mouse embryo, the emergence of blood islands in the yolk...

A protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) is a type of enzyme inhibitor that blocks the action of one or more protein kinases. Protein kinases are enzymes that...

encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system. It binds to integrins of type CD11a...

(FRCs); folicular dendritic cells (FDCs); lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs); blood endothelial cells (BECs); alpha-7 integrin pericytes (AIPs); and...

hemostasis. Intact blood vessels moderate blood's tendency to form clots. The endothelial cells of intact vessels prevent blood clotting with a heparin-like molecule...

occur at cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix junctions in epithelial and endothelial tissues, usually more basal than tight junctions. An adherens junction...

inflamed tissue and along the endothelial wall. Inflammatory cytokines induce the immediate expression of P-selectin on endothelial cell surfaces and P-selectin...

the type of capillary and the surface of the endothelial cells. A continuous, tightly spaced endothelial cell lining only permits the diffusion of small...

is the particular basement membrane of the glomerulus. The glomerular endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane, and the filtration slits between...

the endothelial cells that cover the primordial valve structures migrate into the underlying matrix and undergo a transformation from endothelial to mesenchymal...

vascular endothelial cells. A receptor nicknamed RAGE, from receptor for advanced glycation end products, is found on many cells, including endothelial cells...

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) also known as endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (serpin E1) is a protein that in humans is encoded...

endocrine cells, there are stromal cells (fibroblasts), vascular cells (endothelial cells, pericytes), immune cells (granulocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages...

membrane-bound coreceptor to a tyrosine kinase receptor for both vascular endothelial growth factor (for example, VEGFA) and semaphorin (for example, SEMA3A)...

that results in thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles, due to an endothelial injury. It may be seen in association with thrombocytopenia, anemia,...

X-linked endothelial corneal dystrophy (XECD) is a rare form of corneal dystrophy described first in 2006, based on a 4-generation family of 60 members...

stimulating endothelial cells to induce coagulation, which obstructs blood flow to prevent the spread of microbes; stimulating endothelial cells and macrophages...

liver within the lumen of the liver sinusoids and are adhesive to their endothelial cells which make up the blood vessel walls. Kupffer cells comprise the...

showing a marked increase in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and high endothelial venules (HEVs) and systemic involvement. Patients with AITL usually present...

asymptomatic and corneal edema is usually absent. Congenital hereditary endothelial corneal dystrophy is characterized by a diffuse ground-glass appearance...

SPARC-like protein 1 (SPARCL1 or SC1), also known as hevin (short for high endothelial venule protein), is a secreted protein with high structural similarity...

FLT4 gene. This gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor for vascular endothelial growth factors C and D. The protein is thought to be involved in lymphangiogenesis...

works by slowing the growth of new blood vessels by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), in other words anti–VEGF therapy. Bevacizumab...

formed by the type I epithelial lining cells of the alveolar wall, the endothelial cells of the capillaries and the fused basement membrane between, forming...

and is expressed on both large and small blood vessels only after the endothelial cells are stimulated by cytokines. It is alternatively spliced into two...

types such as epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Endothelial cells store IL-8 in their storage vesicles, the Weibel–Palade...

lipase gene family, which includes pancreatic lipase, hepatic lipase, and endothelial lipase. It is a water-soluble enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides in...

age. It is characterized by self-reversing episodes during which the endothelial cells which line the capillaries, usually of the extremities, separate...

infected with EBOV. Endothelial cells may be infected within three days after exposure to the virus. The breakdown of endothelial cells leading to blood...

vasoconstriction. Endothelial cells form a single, continuous layer that lines all vascular segments. Junctional complexes keep the endothelial cells together...

cat-scratch disease (bartonellosis). It primarily infects red blood cells and endothelial cells and is transmitted to humans through scratches, bites, or flea...

Human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) are cells derived from the pulmonary endothelium. HLMVECs are used as a laboratory model system for...

stimulate nearby endothelial cells to secrete factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF activates the endothelial cells, which begins...

lymphocytes, as well as non-haematopoietic cells (smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells). CD40L plays a central role in costimulation...

Congenital hereditary corneal dystrophy (CHED) is a form of corneal endothelial dystrophy that presents at birth. CHED was previously subclassified into...

extracellular domains D1 and D2. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the main inducers of endothelial cell proliferation and permeability of...

AGEs. It is expressed on endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, and plays a key role in mediating endothelial dysfunction and promoting...

genetically-engineered gray wolves. Scientists rewrote 14 key genes in gray wolf Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) so that the produced animals express 20 traits...

VWF is synthesized as a prepropeptide comprising 2813 amino acids in endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. The prepropeptide includes a 22-amino acid...

different tissues, such as leukocytes, platelets, and epithelial and endothelial cells. They have been shown to regulate signal complex assembly on both...

activation of adenosine A2A receptors, upregulating expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and stimulation of the DNA salvage pathway. The...

transporters known as choline transporters. In the human brain microvascular endothelial cells, two systems initiate the choline absorption. The first system...

were isolated: 'basic FGF' (FGF2); Heparin-binding growth factor-2; and Endothelial cell growth factor-2. Gene sequencing revealed that this group is the...

disorder. Factor VIII is produced in the liver's sinusoidal cells and endothelial cells outside the liver throughout the body. This protein circulates...

heart inflammation, thrombosis, particularly venous thromboembolism, and endothelial cell injury and dysfunction. Approximately 20–30% of people who present...

ventral endothelial wall of the embryonic aorta within the (midgestational) aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, through a process known as endothelial-to-hematopoietic...

regulation of thrombotic response. Highly expressed in platelets and endothelial cells, PAR1 plays a key role in mediating the interplay between coagulation...

mediated in mammals by the calcium-calmodulin controlled isoenzymes eNOS (endothelial NOS) and nNOS (neuronal NOS). The inducible isoform, iNOS, involved in...

malformation, or cavernoma, is a type of venous malformation due to endothelial dysmorphogenesis from a lesion which is present at birth. A cavernoma...

tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta or VE-PTP is an enzyme specifically expressed in endothelial cells that in humans is encoded by the PTPRB gene. VE-PTP is a member...

Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ESM1 gene. This gene encodes a secreted protein which is mainly expressed...

wounds in rats. In addition, this topical gel also increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), which has been implicated in hair growth. This...

is a significant increase in the vascular permeability of capillary endothelial cells, mainly in the kidneys, which causes massive loss of intravascular...

is yet to be found. However, it shares a common mechanism, which is endothelial cell injury, with other conditions, such as acute kidney injury and thrombotic...

natural blood vessel relaxant. This effect is achieved by activating the endothelial isoform of NO synthase (eNOS) in the cells lining the blood vessels....

keratoplasty is commonly performed for extensive corneal dystrophy. Corneal endothelial dystrophy is an age-related change that affects the inner layer of the...

on Chromosome 12. APOLD1 is an endothelial cell early response protein that may play a role in regulation of endothelial cell signaling and vascular function...

cells (vSMCs), and pericytes. Both types are in close contact with the endothelial cells lining the capillaries, and are important for vascular development...

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) found on the surface of vascular endothelial cells, predominantly those of the lungs. Angiotensin II has a short life...

subsets of selectins: E-selectin (in endothelial cells) L-selectin (in leukocytes) P-selectin (in platelets and endothelial cells) L-selectin is the smallest...

matrix proteins (e.g. von Willebrand factor) on cell membranes of damaged endothelial cells and exposed collagen at the site of injury. Platelet plug formation:...

also play a critical role maintaining the structure and permeability of endothelial cells. Tight junctions may also serve as leaky pathways by forming selective...

developed by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. It is an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Aflibercept is a recombinant fusion protein consisting...

embryos through a vasculogenesis-like process from the lymphangioblastic endothelial precursor cells. The development of the lymphatic system has been a highly...

otherwise difficult to observe under laboratory conditions. For example, endothelial cells create intricate spiderweb-like networks on Matrigel-coated surfaces...

to each RNP complex is a copy of RdRp. Andes virus primarily infects endothelial cells and macrophages. It enters cells by using β3-integrins as receptors...

the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme and reduced bioavailability of the vasodilator nitric oxide occur, creating a form of endothelial dysfunction...

(IgG1) used for the treatment of cancer. Ramucirumab is a human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) antagonist. Ramucirumab was developed...

role in the pathogenesis of some cases. Many experts believe that early endothelial cell injury and micro-vascular damage act as a key trigger in the disease...

condition include: Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED): There are 2 forms of congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED). Commonest is an...

helper T-lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. They promote the development and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes...

high. Failure to clear cellular debris from the infarct compromises the endothelial lining of the left ventricle and exposes the damaged tissue to the blood...

nuclear PTHrP interacts with ribosomal DNA to upregulate genes involved in endothelial cell proliferation and vascular development. This action mirrors other...

vasoconstrictor produced by the human body. It is a peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells, as well as by cells in the heart (affecting contractility) and...

is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2, also known as KDR). It is an orally...

replication within the cytoplasm of living eukaryotic host cells (typically endothelial cells). Accordingly, Rickettsia species cannot grow in artificial nutrient...

is unknown but it is theorized that antibodies are produced against endothelial cells in tiny arteries which leads to damage and the symptoms related...

2003). "Regulation of Notch1 and Dll4 by vascular endothelial growth factor in arterial endothelial cells: implications for modulating arteriogenesis...

the maintenance of high blood pressure. In patients with hypertension, endothelial activation and damage also lead to changes in vascular tone, vascular...

Medical School, where his research concentrated on vascular biology and endothelial cell physiology. In 1995, he was appointed a professor at UCL Medical...

in the larger blood vessels. Capillaries consist of a single layer of endothelial cells with a supporting subendothelium consisting of a basement membrane...

ability to differentiate into endothelial cells, the cells that line blood vessels as well as lymphatic vessels. Endothelial stem cells are an important...

gpIIb and gpIIIa, a required step in normal platelet aggregation and endothelial adherence. Platelet activation by ADP (blocked by clopidogrel) leads...

leading to dysfunction of the endothelial cells and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. The breakdown of the tight endothelial junctions that make up the...

hepatocytes, and endothelial cells of the liver. The hepatic lipase can either remain attached to the liver or can unbind from the liver endothelial cells and...

An intact endothelial lining inhibits platelet activation by producing nitric oxide, endothelial-ADPase, and PGI2 (prostacyclin). Endothelial-ADPase degrades...

ulcer may become large and in these cases it is called geographic ulcer. Endothelial keratitis manifests a central endothelitis in a disc-shaped manner. Longstanding...

disrupted by injury, thereby initiating coagulation; or it binds to intact endothelial cells or platelets for functions other than coagulation. In the past...

CD11a subunit of LFA-1. It also blocks the adhesion molecules on the endothelial cells that line blood vessels, which attract T cells. Efalizumab was...

mesenchymal cells and targets and acts primarily upon epithelial cells and endothelial cells, but also acts on haemopoietic progenitor cells and T cells. It...

muscles are much smaller. Some of the mononuclear cells in muscles are endothelial cells (which are about 50–70 μm long, 10–30 μm wide and 0.1–10 μm thick)...

Transforming growth factors Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) The alpha granules in blood platelets contain growth...

1998). "Neuropilin-1 is expressed by endothelial and tumor cells as an isoform-specific receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor". Cell. 92 (6): 735–45...

encodes an element of the machinery for raft-mediated trafficking in endothelial cells. The encoded protein, a member of the MAL proteolipid family, predominantly...

based expansion is controversial. For endothelial diseases, such as bullous keratopathy, cadaver corneal endothelial precursor cells have been proven to...

lipoprotein binding to scavenger receptor, Class B, type I activates endothelial nitric-oxide synthase in a ceramide-dependent manner". The Journal of...

extracellular domain. They are highly expressed in platelets, and also on endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, myocytes, neurons, and tissues that...

chicken. Sinusoids display a discontinuous, fenestrated endothelial cell lining. The endothelial cells have no basement membrane and are separated from...

2002). "Insulin-like growth factor-1 enhances inflammatory responses in endothelial cells: role of Gab1 and MEKK3 in TNF-alpha-induced c-Jun and NF-kappaB...

the corneal endothelium actually possesses stem cells that can produce endothelial cells, especially after injury, albeit on a limited scale. Kaufman, Paul...

by the SDPR gene. Cavin-2 is highly expressed in a variety of human endothelial cells. This gene has a calcium-independent phospholipid-binding protein...

between the maternal immune response and the placenta, placental injury, endothelial cell injury, altered vascular reactivity, oxidative stress, imbalance...

the basal skull dura, due to the retrograde spread of infection and endothelial damage from the danger triangle of the face. The facial veins in this...

secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that functions as a cytokine. The pharmaceutical...

diameter of 85 nm and an average length of 180 nm. SNV primarily infects endothelial cells and macrophages. It enters cells by using β3-integrins as receptors...

Angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that starts in the endothelial cells that line the walls of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. Since they...

MUC18, is a 113kDa cell adhesion molecule currently used as a marker for endothelial cell lineage. In humans, the CD146 protein is encoded by the MCAM gene...

individuals. This lectin is also used as a marker for human vascular endothelial cells, and as a tool for their isolation for in vitro culture. Gorse...

surface of macrophages, immature dendritic cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, but is also expressed on the surface of skin cells such as human...

other cells including smooth muscle cells, activated macrophages, and endothelial cells. Recombinant PDGF is used in medicine to help heal chronic ulcers...

ATC code L01 Antineoplastic agents is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes...

lymphocytes Myeloid CFU-GEMM see myeloid cells Endothelial progenitor cell Endothelial colony forming cell Endothelial stem cell Angioblast/Mesoangioblast Pericyte...

to accumulation of globotriaosylceramide within lysosomes of vascular endothelial cells and tissues including the kidney, heart, and nervous system. This...

[citation needed] The spindle cells of Kaposi sarcoma differentiate toward endothelial cells, probably of lymph vessel rather than blood vessel origin. The...

Attached to each RNP complex is a copy of RdRp. HTNV primarily infects endothelial cells and macrophages. It enters cells by using β3-integrins as receptors...

are also seen in 20% of idiopathic PAH. BMPR2 is a protein involved in endothelial cell (cells that line blood vessels) proliferation and remodeling. Other...

Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ESAM gene. A mutation in the ESAM gene is known to cause fetal...

vascular fraction of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells such as adipose tissue macrophages...

20% of sporadic variants have mutations in BMPR2. BMPR2 is involved in endothelial proliferation and remodeling. Other mutations associated with PAH include...

acetylcholine, which in turn causes the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells in the trabecular arteries. Nitric oxide diffuses to the smooth...

PDZ-binding domain at the C-terminus. Angiomotin is expressed predominantly in endothelial cells of capillaries as well as angiogenic tissues such as placenta and...

attenuates the increase in vascular endothelial permeability induced by inflammatory cytokines, thereby strengthening endothelial barrier function. Furthermore...

and enter the affected tissues. Signals from the infection cause the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels to make a protein called selectin,...

thrombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptors (EPCRs). Because of EPCR's role, activated protein C is found primarily near endothelial cells (i.e., those...

volume. The liver sinusoids are lined with two types of cell, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and phagocytic Kupffer cells. Hepatic stellate cells are nonparenchymal...

into urinary filtrate (in the proximal tubule), and in the capillary endothelial cells composing the blood–brain barrier and blood–testis barrier, where...

receptor 1 (Flt-1), sFlt-1 binds the angiogenic factors VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and PlGF (placental growth factor), reducing blood vessel...

of convoluted capillaries allowing for efficient diffusion to occur. Endothelial precursor cells secrete platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B and mesangial...

family represents the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) A. VEGF is an endothelial cell mitogen with many crucial...

kinase inhibitor of a number of cell receptors, mainly the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, the epidermal growth factor receptor, and the...

heart. Its cells are embryologically and biologically similar to the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. The endocardium also provides protection...

abundance of homocysteine leads to an organism with greater chances of endothelial cell injury which can then lead to coronary artery disease. Asymmetric...

Labas V, Mailloux A, et al. (2006). "Proteomics of human umbilical vein endothelial cells applied to etoposide-induced apoptosis". Proteomics. 5 (15): 3876–84...

is a persistent inflammation of the anterior segment; Chronic loss of endothelial cells faster than the rate due to normal aging; Iris pigment epithelium...

produced by a broad range of cells, including immune cells, as well as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and various types of connective tissue cells. A single...

Staffan; Roxhed, Niclas (21 August 2022). "Endovascular Device for Endothelial Cell Sampling". Advanced NanoBiomed Research. 2 (10) 2200023. doi:10...

tumor-associated vasculature. These include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial cell monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP-II)....

and axonal guidance molecules act on both neuronal growth cones and endothelial tip cells in order to guide growth. Neuronal growth cones are situated...

and superficial dermis, heavy infestation of endothelial cells with acid-fast bacilli, and endothelial proliferation and thrombosis in the larger vessels...

tyrosine kinase promotes its association with Grb10 and Grb2 in vascular endothelial cells". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (38): 23588–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.38.23588...

Lacteals regulate chylomicron uptake through specialized button-like endothelial junctions that facilitate entry of dietary lipids into the lymphatic...

by five characteristic features: colonisation of endothelial cells by acid-fast bacilli endothelial proliferation and marked thickening of vessel walls...

proinflammatory cytokines, for example, interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, vascular endothelial growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). This then attracts...

and mumps virus). The entry of coxsackievirus into cells, especially endothelial cells, is mediated by coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. Coxsackieviruses...

penetration of the vascular endothelium. The process of angioinvasion causes endothelial damage and induces a proinflammatory response, tissue factor expression...

specialized subset of endothelial cells located in the sinus systems of draining lymph nodes. Specifically, these endothelial cells line the branched...

"Dynamic interaction of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 with moesin and ezrin in a novel endothelial docking structure for adherent leukocytes". J. Cell Biol. 157 (7): 1233–45...

Bencharit, S.; Johnson, G. L. (2010). "Rho Kinase Inhibition Rescues the Endothelial Cell Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Phenotype". The Journal of Biological...

that affects blood vessels, and is characterized by the occurrence of endothelial damage, followed by leakage of plasma proteins, including fibrinogen...

mature chylomicrons activate lipoprotein lipase (LPL), an enzyme on endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. LPL catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides...

constant synthesis is carried out by the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Other endothelial secretions are endothelin, and thromboxane (vasoconstrictors)...

host specificity, and survival in general. Orthohantaviruses targets endothelial cells, primarily within rodent lung tissue, by binding to cellular receptors...

expressed in the endothelial tip cells. VEGF signaling, which is an important factor for migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, can be downregulated...

family members in its ability to directly suppress the proliferation of endothelial cells. As a result, the encoded protein may be critical to the maintenance...

from the Medicinal Herb Bletilla striata Induces Endothelial Cells Proliferation and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in vitro". Biotechnology...

specialized endothelial cells within lymphoid organs. These diverse tissue-specific adhesion molecules on lymphocytes (homing receptors) and on endothelial cells...

achieved. Co-culturing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a 3D space with murine endothelial bEND.3 cells can create a vascular-like network assembly with concomitant...

glucose level leads to damage of blood vessels called angiopathy. The endothelial cells lining the blood vessels take in more glucose than normal, since...

biogenic amine histamine. It is expressed in smooth muscles, on vascular endothelial cells, in the heart, and in the central nervous system. The H1 receptor...

help prevent high glucose induced cell damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Flowers of Alpinia zerumbet, the shell ginger Alpinia zerumbet...

koseri may uniquely penetrate, survive, and replicate into vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. Furthermore, it survives in phagolysosomal fusion...

factors in the cells lining blood vessels, leading to endothelial damage. The damaged endothelial surface inhibits anticoagulant properties as well as...

anti-inflammatory activity mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in endothelial cells". Nutrition Research. 36 (7): 636–647...

and the alpha subunit of ATP synthase. Its functional implication in endothelial cell proliferation". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (10): 8388–94. doi:10.1074/jbc...

F1α. As mentioned above, prostacyclin (PGI2) is released by healthy endothelial cells and performs its function through a paracrine signaling cascade...

hair-like cilia in the lungs, to column-like cells that line the stomach. Endothelial cells are cells that line internal cavities including blood vessels and...

Dembo; Daniel A Hammer (22 April 2005). "The dynamics and mechanics of endothelial cell spreading". Biophysical Journal. 89 (1): 676–689. doi:10.1529/BIOPHYSJ...

potassium ions (K+), as the activation of endothelial K-Ca+ channels causes an efflux of K+ from endothelial cells toward the extracellular space. An increase...

AL Hyman, LJ Ignarro, WJG Hellstrom and PJ Kadowitz. Gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase to the penis augments erectile responses in the...

fibroblasts, mast cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily...

as the vasoactive agents calcitonin gene-related peptide and vascular endothelial growth factor. These factors were not present in the skin that is not...

PMID 11848841. Meneshian A, Bulkley GB (July 2002). "The physiology of endothelial xanthine oxidase: from urate catabolism to reperfusion injury to inflammatory...

symptoms of a typical Type III hypersensitivity reaction, which causes the endothelial cells to proliferate, which can be seen under a light microscope with...

neovascularisation Corneal oedema Corneal infiltrates Corneal endothelium Endothelial polymegathism Effects of long-term contact lens wear on the cornea...

reorganization creates intercellular gaps in endothelial cells. The gaps lead to increased endothelial permeability and allow blood to escape from the...

that in humans is encoded by the EMCN gene. Endomucin is a marker for endothelial cells and hematopoietic stem cells. EMCN is a mucin-like sialoglycoprotein...

auto-oxidizes and reacts with reactive oxygen intermediates, damaging endothelial cells and increasing the risk of thrombus formation. Homocystinuria is...

fibers during deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK) and to stain the endothelium in Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK). Trypan...

E-selectin on endothelial cells and adherent platelets. This interaction results in "rolling" of the white blood cell on the endothelial cell surface followed...

both the innate and adaptive immune responses by facilitating leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion events. These tethering interactions are essential for...

has identified a specialised subset of blood vessels, termed Type R endothelial cells, in the bone microenvironment. These blood vessels play a crucial...

surface receptors involved in reparative processes (including vascular endothelial growth factor receptors type 1 and 2, CXCR4, and Tie-2) as well as evidence...

types of tissues. Tight junctions are normally present in epithelial and endothelial tissues, where they seal gaps and regulate paracellular transport of...

adhesion molecules, which then facilitate the adhesion of eosinophils to endothelial cells, thereby causing inflammation and tissue damage. An accumulation...

domain 7 (Egfl7) also known as Vascular Endothelial-statin (VE-statin) codes for a gene mostly expressed in endothelial cells. The egfl7 gene is located on...

"Consumption of a boiled Greek type of coffee is associated with improved endothelial function: The Ikaria Study". Vascular Medicine. 18 (2): 55–62. doi:10...

acetaminophen-induced liver injury via suppression of apoptosis in liver endothelial cells". Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids. 202...

expressed in ganglionic eminence ventricular zone left testis right testis endothelial cell tendon of biceps brachii sperm monocyte stromal cell of endometrium...

Induces Nitric Oxide Production Via Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation in Endothelial Cells". Neurovascular Events After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Acta Neurochirurgica...

homeostasis. The pathogenesis of SVDs in various organs is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, capillary rarefaction, microthrombi and microvascular remodeling...

hydrophilic catheter designed for optimal entry into celiac trunk. Whereas endothelial cell sampling through endovascular sampling with coils, stents, stent...

into endothelial and perivascular cells in matrigel implant models. Dominguez et al. have explored the differentiation of VSELs into endothelial colony-forming...

antithrombin I, limits clotting. Fibrin also mediates blood platelet and endothelial cell spreading, tissue fibroblast proliferation, capillary tube formation...

Kang S, Zhao J, Liu Q, Zhou R, Wang N, Li Y (June 2009). "Vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms are associated with the risk of developing...

as the aorta) are composed of many different types of cells, namely endothelial, smooth muscle, fibroblast, and immune cells. As with veins, the arterial...

(AZD-2171; tentative trade name Recentin) is a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinases. The drug is being developed...

endothelium of the glomerular capillaries, the fused basal lamina of the endothelial cells and podocytes, and the filtration slits of the podocytes. The barrier...

the SRGN gene. It is primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells, and is the only known intracellular proteoglycan. This gene encodes...

system. Shiga toxin causes complement-mediated platelet, leukocyte, and endothelial cell activation, resulting in systemic hemolysis, inflammation and thrombosis...

Microanatomy Hepatocyte Hepatic stellate cell Kupffer cell Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell Biliary tract Bile ducts Intrahepatic bile ducts Bile canaliculus...

gene. It is a transcription factor and also plays a role in vascular endothelial cell development. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000105672 – Ensembl...

disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs-3-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor-C activation". Circulation. 129 (19): 1962–71. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA...

permits interstitial fluid to flow into them but not out. The ends of the endothelial cells that make up the wall of a lymphatic capillary overlap. When pressure...

vasodilatation involves the release of nitric oxide (NO) by vascular endothelial cells which then diffuses to nearby vascular smooth muscle cells. There...

been recorded, while an increase in endothelial polymegethism (the variation in the size of corneal endothelial cells) was found. The cause is unclear...

found to be expressed in endothelial cells, and is thought to be important for interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. GRCh38: Ensembl...

The TEK receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed almost exclusively in endothelial cells in mice, rats, and humans. (TEK is closely related to the TIE receptor...

Microanatomy Hepatocyte Hepatic stellate cell Kupffer cell Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell Biliary tract Bile ducts Intrahepatic bile ducts Bile canaliculus...

lymphocytes. It also allows exchange of material with blood through the high endothelial venules and provides the growth and regulatory factors necessary for...

necrosis factor-α-induced iron sequestration and oxidative stress in human endothelial cells". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 25 (12):...

cancer-related signalling pathways. It inhibits the three main vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3), as well as fibroblast...

It is a small molecule tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor and platelet...

anticoagulant. Anti-cardiolipin antibodies attach to the endothelial lining of cells, causing endothelial damage, platelet aggregation, inflammation, and fibrosis...

lines the uterus—made up of endometrial epithelial cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, and proteins—which is shed in response to hormonal...

Pseudocysts are like cysts, but lack epithelial or endothelial cells. Initial management consists of general supportive care. Symptoms and complications...

biologically active molecules secreted by microglia stimulate and recruit endothelial cells and fibroblasts. These cells help stimulate angiogenesis and collagen...

endothelial cells to contact the underlying basement membrane. The cancer cells then spread out on this extracellular matrix so that the endothelial cells...

neuronal pathway, or by direct contiguous spread. Immune cells and damaged endothelial cells release matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cytokines, and nitric...

processes. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are one of the main focuses of this field. They are valuable cells because they directly precede endothelial cells...

Bayliss in 1902. When the endothelial cell in the tunica intima of an artery is stretched it is likely that the endothelial cell may signal constriction...

coupling of focal adhesion kinase to integrin alpha(v)beta5 in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling". The Journal of Cell Biology. 157 (1): 149–160...

organism molar urothelium transitional epithelium of urinary bladder endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel parotid gland More reference expression data...

p300, VCAM1 and SELE expression is downregulated, genes that encode endothelial cell adhesion molecules, causing decreased lymphocyte and leukocyte activation...

(ortholog) Top expressed in tendon of biceps brachii internal globus pallidus endothelial cell middle temporal gyrus Epithelium of choroid plexus Brodmann area...

Structure–Activity Relationship Studies for Inhibition of Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) Glycosylation,...

expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in sperm endothelial cell Epithelium of choroid plexus monocyte islet of Langerhans Achilles...

compression of the extracellular matrix. Matrix metalloproteinases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which controls forthcoming vascular invasion. Alkaline...

Melanoblast Lymphoblast Bone marrow precursor cells Normoblast Angioblast (endothelial precursor cells) Myeloid precursor cells Plasmablast Neutrophil progenitor...

polyposis coli (APC). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is phosphorylated at Ser1177, leading to NO synthesis and endothelial cell migration. In addition...

cocultures primary rat hepatocytes and endothelial cells. A single-channel is made first. Hepatocytes and endothelial cells are then planted on the device...

and coagulation, and thrombosis. Chronic hemolysis may also lead to endothelial dysfunction, heightened endothelin-1-mediated responses and vasculopathy...

and angiogenesis. All angiopoietins bind with similar affinity to an endothelial cell-specific tyrosine-protein kinase receptor. The mechanism by which...

proteins) are molecules situated at the tight junctions of epithelial, endothelial and myelinated cells. This multiprotein junctional complex has a regulatory...

different host cell types invaded by the bacterium (red blood cells and endothelial cells). An individual can be affected by either or both phases. The acute...

biopsy), trauma, or degeneration; progressive iris atrophy in iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome, where tractional iris changes and stromal loss can produce...

non-immune cells (i.e. chondrocytes, neurons, astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells). CD137 and its ligand both induce signaling cascades upon interaction...

passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets. Mutations in this gene have been found in patients with...

the production of nitric oxide (NO), a key chemical involved in normal endothelial function and, by extension, cardiovascular health. Patrick Vallance and...

pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in middle temporal gyrus endothelial cell Brodmann area 23 superior frontal gyrus entorhinal cortex postcentral...

level of the arteriole, research has begun to suggest that capillary endothelial cells may be coordinators of skeletal muscle blood flow during functional...

IVC obstruction/other causes of venous stasis Capillary leakage: acute endothelial dysfunction, sepsis, dengue, systemic capillary leakage syndrome (SCLS)...

using a digital CCD camera, then superimposed to give a complete image. Endothelial cells under the microscope. Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI, microtubules...

pericardium beta cell right adrenal gland Top expressed in calvaria endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel stroma of bone marrow body of femur ankle joint...

show an increased expression of HER-2/neu. An association with vascular endothelial growth factor has been observed. Prognosis and treatment is the same...

development. However, in addition to NSCs, there are also astrocytes, endothelial cells, blood vessels, and other components, which form a microenvironment...

2018). "N-acetylcysteine ethyl ester as GSH enhancer in human primary endothelial cells: A comparative study with other drugs". Free Radical Biology &...

Genous is an endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) capture technology manufactured by OrbusNeich that promotes the accelerated natural healing of the vessel...

Disintegrin and Metalloprotease With Thrombospondin Motifs-3-Mediated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Activation". Circulation. 129 (19): 1962–71. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA...

ganglion vestibular sensory epithelium primary oocyte epithelium of stomach endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel More reference expression data BioGPS n/a Gene...

ubiquitin chains from VE-cadherin to prevent loss of VE-cadherin at the endothelial adherens junctions. TNFAIP3 has been shown to interact with TNIP1, TRAF1...

granulomatous amoebic meningoencephalitis, using human brain microvascular endothelial cells". Journal of Medical Microbiology. 53 (Pt 10): 1007–1012. doi:10...

occurs by conversion of endothelial cells to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPSCs) - a process called endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition...

Wu G, et al. (1996). "Notch4/int-3, a mammary proto-oncogene, is an endothelial cell-specific mammalian Notch gene". Development. 122 (7): 2251–9. doi:10...

laboratory conducts research on transcriptional regulation of vascular endothelial cell phenotype, as well as the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors...

Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in germinal epithelium gonad endothelial cell secondary oocyte testicle corpus epididymis buccal mucosa cell lactiferous...

pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in trabecular bone endothelial cell visceral pleura blood Epithelium of choroid plexus parietal pleura...

diffusion capacity), very high blood levels of the cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and an overlap with the signs and symptoms of multicentric...

or BDCA-3 is an integral membrane protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and serves as a cofactor for thrombin. It reduces blood coagulation...

facilitative glucose transporter that is highly expressed in erythrocytes and endothelial cells, including cells of the blood–brain barrier. The encoded protein...

Jagged2 is differentially expressed in hematopoietic progenitors and endothelial cells and promotes the survival and proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors...

that COX-2 inhibitors increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. Endothelial cells lining the microvasculature in the body are proposed to express...

monocytes, on a variety of non-immune cells including platelets and endothelial cells, and on several types of tumor cells. Mutations affecting this...

mucous cell of stomach decidua utricle tunica media of zone of aorta endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel ciliary body More reference expression data...

corneal endothelium with decreased endothelial cell count and irregular shape, the remaining corneal endothelial cells usually recover with complete...

arrest leads to specific changes in gene expression in human vascular endothelial cells". Blood. 94 (3): 959–967. doi:10.1182/blood.V94.3.959.415k20_959_967...

fibrinogen. Activated protein C binds to endothelial protein C receptor and subsequently cleaves the endothelial cell protease activated receptor-1, not...

gene. GLYCAM1 is a proteoglycan ligand expressed on cells of the high endothelial venules in lymphoid tissues. It is the ligand for the receptor L-selectin...

most abundant surface feature of many vertebrate cell types, especially endothelial cells, adipocytes and embryonic notochord cells. They were originally...

muscular venules. They have an inner endothelium composed of squamous endothelial cells that act as a membrane, a middle layer of muscle and elastic tissue...

post-transcription mechanisms. Mir-126 is a human microRNA that is expressed only in endothelial cells, throughout capillaries as well as larger blood vessels, and acts...

clinical neurological deterioration is nuanced and uncertain. Normally endothelial cells release prostacyclin and nitric oxide (NO) which induce relaxation...

activity. It is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, smooth-muscle dysfunction and autonomic dysfunction. Endothelial function and vasodilatory capacity...

contractility, which results in vasodilation. NO is produced by the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS). In patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension...

maintain a normal cerebral blood flow. The excessive pressure damages the endothelial layer and the blood–brain barrier, leading to swelling (edema). The predilection...

activity of Runx2 transcription factor, which leads to less vascular endothelial growth factor to be made. In 2023, research conducted by Russo et al...

Langerhans superficial temporal artery Top expressed in trigeminal ganglion endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel Rostral migratory stream renal corpuscle primitive...

process regulation of transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation cell migration positive regulation of myoblast differentiation...

tissue to upregulate and secrete angiogenic cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This allows the migrating T. spiralis larva to...

blood–brain barrier (BBB), a specialized structure composed of astrocytes and endothelial cells. However, circulating peripheral immune cells may surpass a compromised...

publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Epithelial, Endothelial and Glandular Tissues". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge...

stem cell transplantation AB205 Angiocrine Bioscience allogeneic cord endothelial cells Severe regiment-related toxicities from conditioning chemotherapy...

Foretinib is an inhibitor of the kinase enzymes c-Met and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). c-Met inhibitors Cabozantinib, a...

formation depending on alternative splicing. Some cancers are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) dependant (for angiogenesis). SRPK1 activates (phosphorylates)...

involving the transdifferentiation of venous endothelial cells in the eye into lymphatic-like endothelial cells. This developmental morphogenesis of the...

(MAGUK) homologs that are involved in the organization of epithelial and endothelial intercellular junctions. TJPs bind to the cytoplasmic C termini of junctional...

combination of venous stasis and hypercoagulability—but to a lesser extent endothelial damage and activation. The three factors of stasis, hypercoagulability...

positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion positive regulation of endothelial cell migration positive regulation of vascular wound healing positive...

as pregnancy progresses. Some of these trophoblasts even replace the endothelial cells in the uterine spiral arteries as they remodel these vessels into...

decidual lining. Other factors released include interleukin-15 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). A reasonable understanding of the role and interplay...

vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) with IC50 of 0.2, 2, 4, and 7 nM for human endothelial cells, PDGF...

the rickettsia bacteria infects humans through a tick bite, it invades endothelial cells in the circulatory system (veins, arteries, capillaries). The body...

endometrium Top expressed in medullary collecting duct Paneth cell blood endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel retinal pigment epithelium endocardial cushion...

inferior ganglion of vagus nerve Brodmann area 23 middle temporal gyrus endothelial cell subthalamic nucleus Brodmann area 10 postcentral gyrus Top expressed...

angiogenesis by inhibiting programmed cell death protein 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A, respectively. Ivonescimab so far has only completed...

membrane signaling complex necessary for rapid, nongenomic activation of endothelial NO synthase by estrogen receptor alpha". Proceedings of the National...

RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in endothelial cell dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve corpus callosum inferior olivary...

dependent on a functional endothelial nitric oxide synthase can cause vasoconstriction instead in the setting of endothelial dysfunction, leading to coronary...

positive regulation of MAP kinase activity positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway outflow tract septum morphogenesis aortic...

which is a monoclonal antibody medication targeted against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This is based on an Eastern Cooperative Oncology...

expressed in Achilles tendon Brodmann area 23 skin of hip biceps brachii endothelial cell Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii superficial temporal artery...

Scheme of filtration barrier (blood-urine) in the kidney. A. The endothelial cells of the glomerulus; 1. pore (fenestra). B. Glomerular basement membrane:...

located in the intima, the innermost layer of the artery, beneath the endothelial cells that layer the lumina through which blood flows. Fatty streaks...

sensitivity of 0.25-0.50 μg. A study on molecular markers in human aortic endothelial cells published that urolithin A aglycone stopped cell migration but...

Section of a thyroid gland under the microscope. 1 colloid, 2 follicular cells, 3 endothelial cells...

[citation needed] Rickettsia rickettsii initially infects blood vessel endothelial cells, but eventually migrates to vital organs, such as the brain, skin...

code) East Chicago, Indiana, a city in the US Emergency contraception Endothelial cell Enterochromaffin cell Entorhinal cortex, memory center in the brain...

is a collection of cells without a distinct membrane (epithelial or endothelial cells). A syrinx in the spinal cord or brainstem is sometimes inaccurately...

Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in sperm left testis right testis oocyte endothelial cell gonad Achilles tendon secondary oocyte tibia ventricular zone Top...

cancer-associated fibroblasts, pancreatic 𝛽-cells, CD8+ T cells, pulmonary endothelial cells, platelets, neutrophils, mammary epithelial cells, vascular smooth...

metabolism and hemostatic system, and may have direct effect in improving endothelial cell function. The production of estrogen decreases after menopause,...

segment amygdala subthalamic nucleus Top expressed in Paneth cell molar endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel vas deferens mandibular prominence ureter vestibular...

leukemia Circulating immature cells secondary to chemotherapy Circulating endothelial cells, megakaryocytes or osteoclasts Leukemoid reaction Lymphoma The...

of nasopharynx sperm nipple pylorus cardia superior surface of tongue endothelial cell amniotic fluid Top expressed in granulocyte tail of embryo zygote...

RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in endothelial cell oocyte secondary oocyte mucosa of paranasal sinus retinal pigment...

parotid gland skin of thigh skin of arm lower lobe of lung rectum sperm endothelial cell Top expressed in Epithelium of choroid plexus molar retinal pigment...

Leopold JA (September 2008). "Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and endothelial function". Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs. 9 (9): 963–969....

controlling vessel growth or angiogenesis has been promising. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) seems to play a vital role in promoting neovascularization...

sensitivity is often associated with endothelial dysfunction due to reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and endothelial NO synthase activity, which impairs...

expression of A20 and VE-cadherin in endothelial cells. Thus, IRAK3 is crucial for maintenance and repair of endothelial barrier after endotoxin-induced lung...

PMID 12695522. Ellis PD, Metcalfe JC, Hyvönen M, Kemp PR (2003). "Adhesion of endothelial cells to NOV is mediated by the integrins alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1"...

bodies are large, intracytoplasmic basophilic inclusion bodies seen in endothelial cells in patients with lymphogranuloma venereum. They are named after...

also cause vasodilation. This peripheral vasodilation is mediated by endothelial nitric oxide release following β3-AR agonism, not by adrenergic receptor...

encourages attachment of endothelial cells. The peptides YIGSR and REDV have also been shown to enhance attachment and spreading of endothelial cells and ultimately...

reported that e-cigarette vapors can induce oxidative stress in lung endothelial cells. A 2016 review concluded that e-cigarette vapor that triggered...

against acrolein-induced oxidative stress in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells". Pharm Biol. 49 (3): 256–261. doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.501803...

pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in Brodmann area 23 endothelial cell superior vestibular nucleus entorhinal cortex pons pars compacta...

directional movement of leukocytes, as well as other cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells. In addition to playing a major role in the activation...

antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, some endothelial cells, thymic epithelial cells, and B cells. These cells are important...

the choroid. It is also associated with excessive amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). As well as in wet macular degeneration, CNV can...

The brain endothelial tight junctions virtually eliminate the paracellular pathway of solute transport across the microvascular endothelial wall in brain...

possibly due to the lack of bleomycin-inactivating enzymes in lung endothelial cells. Liver toxicity: Some cytotoxic drugs, such as L-asparaginase,...

gene is usually low in resting endothelial cells. This, however, changes once neoangiogenesis begins and endothelial cells become active in places like...

cerebellum pons cerebellar vermis ventricular zone trigeminal ganglion endothelial cell lateral nuclear group of thalamus ganglionic eminence Top expressed...

MacLeod, Roderick A. F.; Drexler, Hans G. (November 1999). "ECV304 (endothelial) is really T24 (bladder carcinoma): Cell line cross-contamination at...

of integrin αVβ3. This integrin is upregulated in tumor and activated endothelial cells. This and other anti-angiogenic therapies depend on cutting off...

and cell-surface molecules. Perlecan is synthesized by both vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and deposited in the extracellular matrix of...

types including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and stem cells. They contain low density lipoproteins (LDL) and...

RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in endothelial cell secondary oocyte pericardium mucosa of sigmoid colon ventricular...

Maria R. (1993). "Isolation and characterization of chicken aortic endothelial cells". Journal of Tissue Culture Methods. 15 (4): 171–175. doi:10.1007/BF02388315...

RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in endothelial cell secondary oocyte Brodmann area 23 cerebellar vermis postcentral...

the TIE1 gene. TIE1 is a cell surface protein expressed exclusively in endothelial cells, however it has also been shown to be expressed in immature hematopoietic...

hemoproteins such as myoglobin, cytochromes, catalases, heme peroxidase, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. The word haem is derived, from Ancient Greek,...

layer of retina dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel epiblast hair follicle embryo embryo More reference...

tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) as well as for the regulation of endothelial cell migration in chordae tendineae cordis in the heart and in experimental...

cortex urinary bladder muscle of thigh olfactory zone of nasal mucosa endothelial cell oocyte Top expressed in otic placode saccule otic vesicle entorhinal...

the Artisan lenses were:[citation needed] a yearly loss of 1.8% of the endothelial cells, 0.6% risk of retinal detachment, 0.6% risk of cataract (other...

of NO synthase in endothelial cells and the subsequent production of NO. Relaxin can also bind to a secondary receptor, endothelial B receptor,[clarification...

locomotion cortisol secretion response to estrogen negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle...

is also present on the surface of many non-immune cells, for example, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The surface expression of OX40L is induced...

and potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, impairs vascular endothelial growth factor-induced responses and...

zygote tail of embryo ventricular zone genital tubercle morula morula endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel More reference expression data BioGPS More reference...

increased levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and/or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling at the fingertips. Both have growth-promoting...

diabetic macular edema (DME) by targeting pathways such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)...

endothelial cell functions and neo-vascularization. MiRNA cluster (miR-17, miR-18, miR-19 and miR-20) increased during the induction of endothelial cell...

hypertension in individuals with Down syndrome are abnormal lung development, endothelial dysfunction, and proinflammatory genes. Mitral valve problems become...

Microanatomy Hepatocyte Hepatic stellate cell Kupffer cell Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell Biliary tract Bile ducts Intrahepatic bile ducts Bile canaliculus...

expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gonad endothelial cell mucosa of transverse colon oocyte rectum secondary oocyte mucosa...

inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and lytic enzymes that cause endothelial injury resulting to inflammation and necrosis of the small vessels. The...

ganglia superior vestibular nucleus pars reticulata middle temporal gyrus endothelial cell Brodmann area 46 Top expressed in CA3 field perirhinal cortex entorhinal...

gyrus superior frontal gyrus prefrontal cortex Brodmann area 23 sperm endothelial cell Top expressed in spermatocyte spermatid seminiferous tubule subiculum...

body that are associated with phospholipids. These antibodies activate endothelial cells, platelets, and immune cells, ultimately causing a large inflammatory...

release acetylcholine, which in turn causes release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells in the trabecular arteries, that eventually causes tumescence....

gyrus Brodmann area 23 orbitofrontal cortex pons superior frontal gyrus endothelial cell Brodmann area 10 Brodmann area 46 occipital lobe primary visual...

diseases kala azar Roth's spots occur in conditions that predispose to endothelial damage of retinal capillaries, that is when there is dysfunction and...

acid and an alcohol. Types C and D are considered phosphodiesterases. Endothelial lipase is primarily a phospholipase. Phospholipase A2 acts on the intact...

oxidant formation is increased, endothelial NO synthase is deregulated, and adhesion of leukocytes to cultured endothelial cells is increased. Experimental...

Basement membrane proteins have been found to accelerate differentiation of endothelial cells. Other roles for the basement membrane include blood filtration...

of FGF1 and FGF2 is the promotion of endothelial cell proliferation and the physical organization of endothelial cells into tube-like structures. They...

Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in Brodmann area 23 frontal pole endothelial cell middle temporal gyrus Brodmann area 10 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex...

Langerhans lower lobe of lung Top expressed in tunica media of zone of aorta endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel right lung lobe carotid body atrioventricular...

(GlyRS) remain unclear, one proposed theory involves disrupted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. The mutant GlyRS aberrantly interacts...

is the first bispecific monoclonal antibody to target both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2). By targeting these pathways...

actin cytoskeleton organization negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell fibrinolysis...

The neurovascular unit consists of neurons, astrocytes, vasculature (endothelial and vascular mural cells), the vasomotor apparatus (smooth muscle cells...

citrulline up-regulates it. The enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase produces nitric oxide from arginine in endothelial cells. Argininosuccinate synthetase...

cortex Top expressed in anterior horn of spinal cord facial motor nucleus endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel epithelium of lens otolith organ utricle prefrontal...

1992). "HMEC-1: establishment of an immortalized human microvascular endothelial cell line". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 99 (6): 683–690. doi:10...

renal injury linked to glomerular hyperfiltration. This can result in endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness, and maladaptive renal and...

endothelial cell damage during the surgery. It was evident that a viscous, clear, physiologic lubricant to prevent such scraping of the endothelial cells...

through a wide range of mechanisms. It induces endothelial nitric oxide synthesis by making endothelial cells more permeable to calcium ions, and also...

bloodstream. Sulfate has been linked to platelet aggregation and vascular endothelial cell damage. Ammonium salts stimulate the growth of blood vessel wall...

expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in renal medulla endothelial cell cardia nipple pylorus visceral pleura superior surface of tongue...

2003). "Protein kinase Calpha-induced p115RhoGEF phosphorylation signals endothelial cytoskeletal rearrangement". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278...

Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in tibia decidua visceral pleura endothelial cell Epithelium of choroid plexus vena cava hair follicle cartilage tissue...

Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in sperm myocardium of left ventricle endothelial cell pancreatic epithelial cell middle temporal gyrus cardiac muscle...

older patients. Endothelial cell loss especially for the anterior chamber PIOLs. A study observed a continual steady loss of endothelial cells of -1.8%...

Microanatomy Hepatocyte Hepatic stellate cell Kupffer cell Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell Biliary tract Bile ducts Intrahepatic bile ducts Bile canaliculus...

be detected. Probable etiology may involve, at least in some cases, endothelial damage, although the formation of thrombi resulting in vessel occlusion...

telmisartan is attributed to both angiotensin II antagonism and improved endothelial function from PPAR-γ. Telmisartan's activity at the peroxisome proliferator-activated...

testicle Top expressed in otic placode primitive streak abdominal wall endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel Paneth cell endocardial cushion saccule condyle...

RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in endothelial cell islet of Langerhans secondary oocyte body of pancreas popliteal...

hair follicle primitive streak vestibular membrane of cochlear duct endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel epiblast neural layer of retina ventricular...

number of other potential cellular targets is expanding, now including endothelial and smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts of various origins, cardiomyocytes...

hyaluronan-binding Link module. The protein is primarily expressed on sinusoidal endothelial cells of liver, spleen, and lymph node. The receptor has been shown to...

keratoplasty procedures, such as Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK), and Penetrating keratoplasty...

testicle deltoid muscle gonad right lobe of liver islet of Langerhans endothelial cell buccal mucosa cell Top expressed in interventricular septum saccule...

risk of CAD. Patient-specific vessel ageing or remodelling determines endothelial cell behaviour and thus disease growth and progression. Such 'hemodynamic...

fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), their receptors and antagonists in primary endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells". Growth Factors. 23 (2). Chur...

cancer insofar as the ‘lesional’ cells have surface markers typical of endothelial cells (cells lining the interior of blood vessels). EHE was originally...

tissue of right atrium right testis right ventricle Brodmann area 23 endothelial cell ganglionic eminence middle temporal gyrus right hemisphere of cerebellum...

jejunum duodenum intestinal villus Ileal epithelium stroma of bone marrow endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine Paneth...