Submission declined on 19 December 2025 by WeirdNAnnoyed (talk). This draft's references do not show that the subject meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion. The draft requires multiple published secondary sources that: provide significant coverage: discuss the subject in detail, not just brief mentions or routine announcements; are reliable: from reputable outlets with editorial oversight; are independent: not connected to the subject, such as interviews, press releases, the subject's own website, or sponsored content. Please add references that meet all three of these criteria. If none exist, the subject is not yet suitable for Wikipedia. If you would like to continue working on the submission, click on the "Edit" tab at the top of the window. If you have not resolved the issues listed above, your draft will be declined again and potentially deleted. If you need extra help, please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help from experienced editors. Please do not remove reviewer comments or this notice until the submission is accepted. Where to get help If you need help editing or submitting your draft, please ask us a question at the AfC Help Desk or get live help from experienced editors. These venues are only for help with editing and the submission process, not to get reviews. If you need feedback on your draft, or if the review is taking a lot of time, you can try asking for help on the talk page of a relevant WikiProject. Some WikiProjects are more active than others so a speedy reply is not guaranteed. How to improve a draft Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia – a basic overview on how to edit Wikipedia. Help:Wikitext – how to use the markup Help:Referencing for beginners – how to include references Wikipedia:Article development – how to develop your article Wikipedia:Writing better articles – how to improve your article Wikipedia:Verifiability – make sure your article includes reliable third-party sources You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Add tags to your draft Editor resources Easy tools: Citation bot (help) | Advanced: Fix bare URLs Declined by WeirdNAnnoyed 5 months ago. Last edited by Citation bot 9 days ago. Reviewer: Inform author. Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again.

• Comment: The sources do not establish that this gene product is notable. Almost all sources are primary (databases and primary research papers), and the few exceptions aren't specifically about TMEM51. We need at least two secondary sources (e.g. reviews or monographs) that are specifically about this subject. WeirdNAnnoyed (talk) 12:40, 19 December 2025 (UTC)

Transmembrane protein 51 (TMEM51) is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TMEM51 gene.^[1] It is alternatively known as Chromosome 1 open reading frame 72 (C1orf72) or FLJ10199.

TMEM51 is located on the first chromosome (1p36.21) on the positive strand, contains 6 exons, and spans 66.7kb.^[2] TMEM51 is predicted to be a transmembrane protein due to the two transmembrane domains within its coding sequence.^[3]

TMEM51 has 6 transcript variant isoforms, transcript variant X1 is 1982 nucleotides long and has.^[4] TMEM51 has a 5'UTR spanning 485 nucleotides, and a 3'UTR spanning 735 nucleotides in length^[1]. The 3'UTR is well conserved across mammal homologs, indicating that regulation of TMEM51 in the 3'UTR is similar in mammal species.

TMEM51 protein is 252 amino acids in length, weighs 27.8kDa, and has an isoelectric point at pH 5.4.^[6] TMEM51 is negatively charged at neutral pH.^[5] TMEM51 has two transmembrane domains, featuring a long intracellular region with two disordered regions located within it. TMEM51 is predicted to anchor in the plasma membrane^[7], but is experimentally found cytosolically and within the nucleus.^[8] TMEM51 has a pat7 nuclear localization motif located on the long, intracellular, disordered side of the protein.^[9]

TMEM51 contains a furin cleavage site.^[13] It is located downstream of the transmembrane domains on the larger, more-disordered, intracellularly facing side of the protein at K89 through Q90.

TMEM51 is nearly ubiquitously expressed in human tissues.^[14] TMEM51 is expressed in the 75th quartile or greater in cerebellum, pancreas, kidney, lung, and spleen tissues.^[15][16] TMEM51 expression increases in mouse muscle cells during muscle cell regeneration after damage.^[17] TMEM51 expression decreases in mouse liver tissue while fasting.^[18]

TMEM51 interacts with furin, which cleaves it at TMEM51's designated site. TMEM51 physically interacts with ITCH^[19][20], which likely downregulates TMEM51 as ITCH is a ubiquitin E-3 ligase. TMEM51 interacts with other E-3 ubiquitin ligases HECW2 and WWP1, but do not have proven physical associations.^[20] TMEM51 physically associates with SARS CoV-2 spike and membrane glycoproteins.^[21]

There are two antisense RNAs that are associated with TMEM51; TMEM51 antisense RNA-1^[22] and TMEM51 antisense RNA-2.^[23]

Due to TMEM51's association with ITCH, it's likely to be involved in developmental or immune signaling pathways.^[24] TMEM51 is associated with Reynaud's syndrome as it exhibits higher expression in patients with Reynaud's, but does not interact with important Reynaud's genes.^[25] TMEM51 expression increases 1.837 fold when NK-lysin protein is present in liver cancer cells.^[26] TMEM51 exhibits increased expression in symptomatic type-2 diabetes patients.^[27] TMEM51 also plays a role in the contractile function of cardiomyocytes, which plays an important role in blood flow and blood pressure regulation.^[28] Due to TMEM51's physical association with SARS CoV-2 glycoproteins, it's likely that TMEM51 is involved in SARS CoV-2's viral life cycle.^[29][30]

TMEM51 arose approximately 563 million years ago with the rise of vertebrates.^[31] TMEM51 has orthologs in mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians, bony fish, cartilaginous fish, and jawless fish.^[2] TMEM51 is found in all vertebrates but no invertebrates.^[31] TMEM51 has no paralogs across all taxonomic groups.

TMEM51 Homolog table sorted by phylogenetic group and by data of divergence.

*Sequence extended using UCSC Genome Browser.^[31]