Search Results: Bitstring

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Bit array
Jumat, 2026-02-13 12:11:02

A bit array (also known as bit map, bit set, bit string, or bit vector) is an array data structure that compactly stores bits. It can be used to implement...

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Cyclic redundancy check
Senin, 2026-04-13 09:26:44

""" polynomial_bitstring = polynomial_bitstring.lstrip("0") len_input = len(input_bitstring) initial_padding = (len(polynomial_bitstring) - 1) * initial_filler...

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Lowest common ancestor
Kamis, 2026-01-15 05:32:27

bitstring of size b − 1 {\displaystyle b-1} . A bitstring of size b − 1 {\displaystyle b-1} has 2 b − 1 {\displaystyle 2^{b-1}} possible bitstrings....

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Logical conjunction
Minggu, 2025-11-30 11:59:28

select part of a bitstring using a bit mask. For example, 10011101 AND 00001000  =  00001000 extracts the fourth bit of an 8-bit bitstring. In computer networking...

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Zobrist hashing
Minggu, 2025-08-03 12:50:07

12: # loop over the pieces table[i][j] := random_bitstring() table.black_to_move = random_bitstring() function hash(board): h := 0 if is_black_turn(board):...

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Digital signature
Minggu, 2026-05-17 16:36:47

on paper, but it is not restricted to a physical medium like paper—any bitstring can be digitally signed—and while a handwritten signature on paper could...

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Shor's algorithm
Jumat, 2026-05-22 22:32:31

{\displaystyle 2n} qubits is sufficient to guarantee that the optimal bitstring measured from phase estimation (meaning the | k ⟩ {\displaystyle |k\rangle...

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CLMUL instruction set
Minggu, 2025-08-10 18:04:59

implements multiplication of polynomials over the finite field GF(2) where the bitstring a 0 a 1 … a 63 {\displaystyle a_{0}a_{1}\ldots a_{63}} represents the...

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Communication protocol
Kamis, 2026-05-28 13:28:23

field carries information relevant to the protocol. Conceptually, the bitstring is divided into two parts called the header and the payload. The actual...

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Computation of cyclic redundancy checks
Sabtu, 2026-03-07 12:05:40

polynomials. function crc(bit array bitString[1..len], int len) { remainderPolynomial := polynomialForm(bitString[1..n]) // First n bits of the message...

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Comma code
Senin, 2026-06-01 22:33:34

string. If the data is a random bitstring, then one can simply write 0 for 0 in the bitstring and 10 for 1 in the bitstring and a 11 as the comma/separator...

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Binary tree
Kamis, 2026-04-30 23:05:46

preorder. This function accomplishes this: function EncodeSuccinct(node n, bitstring structure, array data) { if n = nil then append 0 to structure; else append...

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Quantum computing
Senin, 2026-06-08 10:53:24

experiments by computing exact amplitudes for experimentally generated bitstrings using a new-generation Sunway supercomputer, demonstrating a significant...

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IEC 60870-5
Selasa, 2026-02-24 11:43:41

– normalized, scaled, short floating point without / with timestamps. Bitstring of 32 bit without / with timestamps. Integrated totals (counters) without...

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Kolmogorov complexity
Minggu, 2026-04-26 17:40:53

an encoding is a function which associates to each Turing Machine M a bitstring <M>. If M is a Turing Machine which, on input w, outputs string x, then...

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Qiskit
Jumat, 2026-02-06 09:10:41

qiskit-addon-sqd. SQD is a post‑processing tool that classically analyzes bitstring samples from quantum circuit runs to estimate eigenvalues and eigenvectors...

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BACnet
Rabu, 2026-04-22 14:58:32

Averaging Binary Input Binary Lighting Output Binary Output Binary Value BitString Value Calendar Channel CharacterString Value Command Credential Data Input...

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Boolean model of information retrieval
Selasa, 2026-03-10 09:54:12

stored in a fixed-length bitstring, called a signature. The signature file contains one such superimposed code bitstring for every document in the collection...

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Hamming weight
Kamis, 2026-02-26 00:56:12

the unary numeral system to binary numbers. The population count of a bitstring is often needed in cryptography and other applications. The Hamming distance...

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Computational complexity theory
Selasa, 2026-03-17 11:16:12

{0,1}), and thus the strings are bitstrings. As in a real-world computer, mathematical objects other than bitstrings must be suitably encoded. For example...

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ALGOL W
Kamis, 2026-05-14 17:52:47

a relatively simple upgrade of the original ALGOL 60, adding string, bitstring, complex number and reference to record data types and call-by-result...

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Primitive polynomial (field theory)
Senin, 2026-05-11 04:21:18

is an error-detection code that operates by interpreting the message bitstring as the coefficients of a polynomial over GF(2) and dividing it by a fixed...

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X.690
Selasa, 2026-01-20 05:53:10

form Additionally, the shortest possible length encoding must be used Bitstring, octetstring, and restricted character strings must use the primitive...

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Base32
Minggu, 2026-05-03 10:19:35

that occur more frequently.[clarification needed] It compactly encodes bitstrings whose length in bits is not a multiple of 8[clarification needed] and...

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Variable-length encoding
Jumat, 2025-11-28 15:43:58

the follow-set after each target bit string in the map, because each bitstring is terminated as soon as we see a \t0}} bit which cannot follow any existing...

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Tower of Hanoi
Kamis, 2026-05-28 11:16:41

following rules: There is 1 binary digit (bit) in m for each disk. The bitstring for m is read from left to right, and each bit can be used to map the...

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Lossless compression
Minggu, 2026-04-19 06:26:34

compression algorithm (general-purpose meaning that they can accept any bitstring) can be used on any type of data, many are unable to achieve significant...

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BLS digital signature
Selasa, 2026-02-24 13:52:22

message m {\displaystyle m} , we compute the signature by hashing the bitstring m {\displaystyle m} , as h = H ( m ) {\displaystyle h=H(m)} , and we output...

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Accumulator (cryptography)
Kamis, 2026-05-28 17:41:43

{\displaystyle d} -bit bitstrings of length r {\displaystyle r} , replaces every all-zero bitstring with a single 0 and every other bitstring with a 1, and outputs...

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Data Encryption Standard
Sabtu, 2026-03-07 03:07:35

it through a series of complicated operations into another ciphertext bitstring of the same length. In the case of DES, the block size is 64 bits. DES...

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Quantum circuit
Senin, 2026-04-27 09:30:21

{QB} (r)}.} In order to associate this circuit to a classical mapping on bitstrings, we specify An input register X = {0,1}m of m (classical) bits. An output...

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Chromosome (evolutionary algorithm)
Rabu, 2026-05-27 21:48:30

Example representation of four decision variables in a bitstring decision variable: D 1 = 22 {\displaystyle D_{1}=22} D 2 = 29 {\displaystyle D_{2}=29}...

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Association rule learning
Rabu, 2026-03-18 12:25:50

GUHA method which mines for generalized association rules using fast bitstrings operations. The association rules mined by this method are more general...

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Crypto-PAn
Jumat, 2026-04-17 20:39:23

{\displaystyle x_{i}\oplus O_{i,i}} — onto the output bitstring. Once all 32 bits of the output bitstring have been computed, the result is returned as the...

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Anshel–Anshel–Goldfeld key exchange
Rabu, 2025-09-24 08:42:49

compressive hash function to normalize the group element to a usable bitstring. Let G {\displaystyle G} be a fixed nonabelian group called a platform...

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Turing machine equivalents
Minggu, 2025-12-28 19:28:10

associated programming language, with the boxes acting as an unbounded bitstring memory, and the set of instructions constituting a program. In an influential...

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Glossary of quantum computing
Jumat, 2025-11-28 02:42:09

circuit and P ( x i ) {\displaystyle P(x_{i})} is the probability of a bitstring x i {\displaystyle {x_{i}}} for an ideal quantum circuit C {\displaystyle...

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ALTS
Selasa, 2025-10-28 19:03:44

implementation), and contains a handshake authenticator, i.e. HMAC over a known bitstring using the calculated session key; ClientFinished, sent by the client,...

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Fibonacci cube
Jumat, 2026-01-30 10:19:34

cube by forbidding a 1 bit in both the first and last positions of each bitstring; Dedó, Torri & Salvi (2002) investigated the coloring properties of both...

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PPP (complexity)
Selasa, 2026-03-24 03:36:05

does not. If we represent the source vertex s {\displaystyle s} as the bitstring 0 n {\displaystyle 0^{n}} , this circuit is a direct reduction of End-of-the-Line...

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Algebraic normal form
Rabu, 2026-05-06 07:29:21

second table in the section "Möbius transformation". The same set of bitstrings is used to index both the set of Boolean minterms and the set of Zhegalkin...

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Negative base
Senin, 2026-06-08 13:41:32

4 } {\displaystyle b\in \{-2,-4\}} , the output is coded in the same bitstring format, but the meaning of the places is another one. The conversion to...

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Simon's problem
Jumat, 2026-03-20 15:31:21

n ) {\displaystyle O(n)} times to get a list of linearly independent bitstrings y 1 , . . . , y n − 1 {\displaystyle y_{1},...,y_{n-1}} . Each y k {\displaystyle...

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Witness set
Rabu, 2026-06-03 11:09:00

concepts as bitstrings, and the domain elements as positions in these bitstrings. Then the set of positions at which a trie of the bitstrings branches forms...

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CBC-MAC
Minggu, 2025-10-05 19:36:04

"conditioning component" (a.k.a. randomness extractor, a method to generate bitstrings with full entropy) in NIST SP 800-90B. FIPS PUB 113 Computer Data Authentication...

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Universal graph
Kamis, 2025-12-25 10:13:16

adjacency labelling scheme in which vertices may be labeled by O(log n)-bit bitstrings such that an algorithm can determine whether two vertices are adjacent...

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Tabulation hashing
Senin, 2026-03-23 20:01:17

Albert Lindsey Zobrist, who published it in 1970. In this method, a random bitstring is generated for each game feature such as a combination of a chess piece...

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Sparse distributed memory
Selasa, 2026-03-24 00:18:56

number of times the target bitstring was written in memory; θ {\displaystyle \theta } : is the total of random bitstrings in all h {\displaystyle h} hard-locations...

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Specified complexity
Minggu, 2026-01-25 14:38:22

types: Complexity measures how hard it is to describe an object (such as a bitstring), information is how much the uncertainty about the state of an object...

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Lyra2
Selasa, 2025-04-01 12:31:10

a full-round sponge output = H.squeeze(outlen) # Provides outlen-long bitstring as output return output for each i in [0..P] ** Bootstrapping phase: Initializes...

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Cross-entropy benchmarking
Senin, 2026-01-05 07:48:00

{\displaystyle n} -qubit quantum circuit. The output probability for bitstrings x ∈ { 0 , 1 } n {\displaystyle x\in \{0,1\}^{n}} for C {\displaystyle...

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Substructure search
Sabtu, 2026-05-09 14:48:09

as a first step. This pre-computation typically involves creation of bitstrings representing presence or absence of molecular fragments. Target compounds...

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Swap (computer programming)
Rabu, 2025-11-05 09:37:23

capable of swapping any two values which can be represented by fixed-length bitstrings. This method swaps two variables by adding and subtracting their values...

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Partial cube
Senin, 2025-10-20 00:37:55

is itself a partial cube, which can be labeled with all the different bitstrings of length equal to the dimension of the hypercube. More complex examples...

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Types of physical unclonable function
Jumat, 2026-03-27 01:00:25

for PUFs in applications that require re-generation of exactly the same bitstring later in time, e.g., encryption. Metal resistance (unlike transistors)...

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Quantum circuit cutting
Minggu, 2025-10-05 17:53:06

of the partitioned circuit in the computational basis, recombine the bitstring outcomes and apply the function f {\displaystyle f} . The results for...

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Implicit graph
Jumat, 2025-03-21 00:41:07

reachability in implicit directed graphs whose vertices are O(log n)-bit bitstrings), SL (the analogous class for undirected graphs), and PSPACE (the class...

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Very smooth hash
Sabtu, 2024-08-24 10:37:54

security engineering. VSH is multiplicative: Let x, y, and z be three bitstrings of equal length, where z consists only of zero bits and the strings satisfy...

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Closure with a twist
Rabu, 2026-04-29 06:19:33

generalized cwatset, or GC-set. In mathematics, a cwatset is a set of bitstrings, all of the same length, which is closed with a twist. If each string...

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