DOSEN PROFIL LENGKAP

thousands along one axon. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can target...

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a brain injury in which scattered lesions occur over a widespread area in white matter tracts as well as grey matter. DAI...

Axonal transport, also called axoplasmic transport or axoplasmic flow, is the cellular process responsible for moving lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins...

leading to demyelination. Additionally, mutations in proteins involved in axonal integrity, such as neurofilament light chain (NF-L), dynamin 2 (DNM2), ganglioside-induced...

activation of a group of blood proteins known as complement. In contrast, the axonal variant is mediated by IgG antibodies and complement against the cell membrane...

electrically excitable. After injury, the axonal skeleton disintegrates, and the axonal membrane breaks apart. Axonal degeneration is followed by degradation...

Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) is a variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome. It is characterized by acute paralysis and loss of reflexes without sensory...

Giant axonal neuropathy is a rare, autosomal recessive neurological disorder that causes disorganization of neurofilaments. Neurofilaments form a structural...

"bi-directional signaling." Semaphorins: The many types of semaphorins are primarily axonal repellents, and activate complexes of cell-surface receptors called plexins...

of the extracellular Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), an inhibitory protein for axonal guidance in chick dorsal root ganglion (DRG). The protein was first named...

Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia, also known as Gamstorp-Wohlfart syndrome, is a rare hereditary disorder which is characterized...

most distal portions of axons are usually the first to degenerate, and axonal atrophy advances slowly toward the nerve's cell body. However, if the cause...

materials than that found in the neuron's cell body (soma) or dendrites. In axonal transport (also known as axoplasmic transport) materials are carried through...

Anterograde tracing is a research method that is used to trace axonal projections from the soma (cell body), to their point of termination at the synapse...

Carré, John Grisham, Elmore Leonard and many others. He suffered diffuse axonal injury from a motorcycle accident in 2001, and died of his injuries on June...

injury: Neurapraxia is a temporary interruption of conduction without loss of axonal continuity.[2] Neurapraxia involves a physiologic block of nerve conduction...

creatine kinase is occasionally present, in addition to a sensorimotor axonal neuropathy, as shown by nerve conduction velocity studies. In addition,...

known. There is evidence suggesting that it could be due to defects in the axonal transport of mitochondria. Increasing evidence suggests a possible link...

the posterior pituitary is not glandular, but largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary...

contributes to the inhibitory environment because inhibitory myelin and axonal debris are not cleared away as quickly. All these factors contribute to...

degeneration with demyelination and axonal spheroids leading to progressive cognitive and motor dysfunction. Spheroids are axonal swellings with discontinuous...

at a fast rate or a slow rate. The fast axonal transport has a rate of 50–500 mm per day, while the slow axonal transport was found to be 0.4 mm per day...

the axonal cytoskeleton that undergoes formation in the injured neuron. Nuclear eccentricity can be attributed to the presence of excess axonal cytoskeleton...

the increased intracranial pressure. The prognosis is guarded. Diffuse axonal injury, or DAI, usually occurs as the result of an acceleration or deceleration...

cases. Sensory neuronopathy differs from the more common length dependent axonal polyneuropathies (such as diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy) in that...

the demyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions leads to axonal transection and ultimately axonal degeneration. This axon death could potentially be the...

brain, about 10 cm (3.9 in) in length and consisting of 200–300 million axonal projections. A number of separate nerve tracts, classed as subregions of...

the consequential accumulation as a result of decreased axonal transport. This reduced axonal transport can then cause swelling or bulging on the surface...

periphery, in response to axonal injury. This response is associated with increased protein synthesis to accommodate for axonal sprouting. In addition to...

is exposed to the extracellular space. Nodes of Ranvier are uninsulated axonal domains that are high in sodium and potassium ion channels complexed with...

molecular weight; NF-H). These proteins were discovered from studies of axonal transport and are often referred to as the "neurofilament triplet". However...

long-projecting axonal processes; examples are pyramidal cells, Purkinje cells, and anterior horn cells Golgi II: neurons whose axonal process projects...

longer and wider nerve axons. 2,5-Hexanedione reacts with lysine residues in axonal proteins by Schiff base formation followed by cyclization to give pyrroles...

opposed to diffuse injuries, which occur over a more widespread area. Diffuse axonal injury is the most prevalent pathology of coup contrecoup. The exact mechanism...

regulation, such as RAB1, may play a role in this disease mechanism. Impaired axonal transport of alpha-synuclein may also lead to its accumulation in Lewy bodies...

from traditionally studied forms, especially regarding the induction of axonal growth and modulation of the inflammatory environment after central nervous...

limitations, early diagnosis and treatment is favoured in preventing irreversible axonal loss and improving functional recovery. There is a lack of awareness and...

potentials, which are primarily associated with external stimuli, reach the axonal initial segment and build until they manage to reach the threshold value...

in humans. One of tau's main functions is to modulate the stability of axonal microtubules. Other nervous system microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs)...

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare pervasive developmental disorder that primarily affects the nervous system. Individuals with infantile...

the interior volume is occupied by white matter, which consists of long axonal projections to and from the cortical neurons residing near the surface....

They also share the property of assisting axonal regeneration. OECs are capable of phagocytosing axonal debris in vivo, and in vitro they phagocytose...

localized on the inner membrane of the myelin sheath and interacts with axonal membrane proteins to attach the myelin sheath to the axon. Mutations to...

myelin breakdown, astrogliosis, oligodendrocyte injury, neurodegeneration, axonal loss and remyelination. MS lesions evolve differently during early versus...

coinciding with regenerative axonal sprouting. Furthermore, overexpression of Aurora B kinase results in accelerated axonal outgrowth of spinal motor neurons...

dysfunction leading to dysfunctional motor neuron axonal homeostasis (reduced axonal length and fast axonal transport of mitochondrial cargo) has been shown...

Computational neuroscience (also known as theoretical neuroscience or mathematical neuroscience) is a branch of neuroscience which employs mathematics...

suspected axonal degeneration. Moderate CTS: Abnormal sensory conduction velocities and reduced motor conduction velocities. No suspected axonal degeneration...

containing higher concentrations of aromatic compounds. n-Hexane causes axonal damage in peripheral nerves. Skin contact can cause allergic contact dermatitis...

nonsense and missense mutations of the SLC12A6 gene which codes for an axonal cell membrane protein of the same name, that functions as a co-transporter...

prevents axonal extensions via physical and chemical means. Astrocytes form a dense network of gap junctions that generates a physical barrier to axonal regrowth...

these fibers form the fornix. At the circuit level, the alveus contains axonal fibers from the DG and from pyramidal neurons of CA3, CA2, CA1 and the subiculum...

protein family is a family of eukaryotic proteins thought to be involved in axonal outgrowth and fasciculation. The N-terminal regions of these sequences are...

neurons such that they are poised to commence myelinogenesis in response to axonal signals. These pioneer processes grow longitudinally along their target...

when needed. Intermediate filaments are abundant in both perikarya and axonal and dendritic processes and are called neurofilaments. The neurofilaments...

nerves throughout the body malfunction simultaneously. It is defined by axonal degeneration in neurons of both the sensory and motor systems and initially...

thought that the earliest site of action potential initiation is at the axonal initial segment: just between the peak of the axon hillock and the initial...

can increase conduction velocity up to 10 times, without an increase in axonal diameter. In this sense, Schwann cells are the PNS's analogues of the central...

excitatory or inhibitory potentials propagated to the cell. For example, axonal nonsynaptic plasticity can be observed when an action potential fails to...

referred to as the "striate cortex." The line of Gennari is due to dense axonal input from the thalamus to layer IV of visual cortex. It is the name given...

glial quiescence N-cadherin mediates cell-cell interactions, stimulates axonal guidance guides neural progenitor cell migration Ascl1 mediates neurogenesis...

characteristics. First, it involves the formation of long axonal projections, and an overproduction of small axonal branches, synapses, and dendritic branches and/or...

an ortholog of the C. elegans unc-76 gene, which is necessary for normal axonal bundling and elongation within axon bundles. Expression of this gene in...

activation, initiation of apoptosis, ER-to-Golgi vesicle shuttling, and fast axonal, or axoplasmic transport. In sperm, a testis-specific isoenzyme GAPDHS is...

another mammal that reflect lesions produced largely by demyelination and axonal loss. These small regions of high intensity are observed on T2 weighted...

progressively calcify in the optic disc. They are thought to be the remnants of the axonal transport system of degenerated retinal ganglion cells. ODD have also been...

inhibitory neurons in Layer 1. Neurons of this type (having large "rosehip"-like axonal boutons and compact arborization) exist in humans, but have not been reported...

initiating cellular degeneration pathways such as MAP kinase and inducing axonal loss and neuronal death. NMNAT is an enzyme with neurorescuing properties...

are in contact with an axonal trail (i.e. have an axon cell as neighbor) collect the neural signals directly from the axonal trail. This results from...

Nichols DE (June 1998). "An integrated hypothesis for the serotonergic axonal loss induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine". Neurotoxicology. 19...

organization melanosome transport endosome to melanosome transport anterograde axonal transport neuron projection development anterograde synaptic vesicle transport...

Diagram of layers pattern. Cells grouped on left, axonal layers on right....

the striatum, most of the axonal territory of a dorsal tier neuron is in the matrix compartment while the majority of the axonal field of ventral tier neurons...

including mitosis, meiosis and transport of cellular cargo, such as in axonal transport, and intraflagellar transport. Most kinesins walk towards the...

encapsulating tissue, the epineurium and perineurium, are preserved). Because axonal continuity is lost, Wallerian degeneration occurs. Electromyography (EMG)...

activity is suppressed below the level of an active neighbor. This shows that axonal growth dynamics are not independent but rather depend on the local circuits...

Fundamental Research, Mumbai. Her main area of interest is regulation of axonal transport within nerve cells. She is a recipient of the International Early...

The inability of these axons to cross the midline results in anomalous axonal guidance and front-to-back projections within each hemisphere, rather than...

(demyelinating neuropathy) or axons (axonal neuropathy) have the predominant disease. There is a wide range of causes for axonal peripheral neuropathy, most of...

class of secreted and membrane proteins that were originally identified as axonal growth cone guidance molecules. They primarily act as short-range inhibitory...

selection. Semaphorins are a family of chemical signaling molecules involved in axonal targeting and guidance. Sema3 was the first vertebral Semaphorin discovered...

the oxidative stress typical of the disease, intervenes on the initial axonal dysfunctions and therefore on locomotor damage. This new mixture, unlike...

through nerve trunks and into the central nervous system (CNS) by retrograde axonal transport by using dyneins. The tetanus toxin protein has a molecular weight...

wet conditions and collided with a recovery vehicle, suffering a diffuse axonal injury. He underwent emergency surgery and was placed into an induced coma...

toxic cascade which results in faulty nerve cell functioning, impaired axonal transport and synaptic activity, and inflammation, eventually leading to...

resulting from states of neuronal demyelination and loss of peripheral axonal integrity. With respect to its nomenclature, the F-wave is so named as it...

cytosol membrane cell-cell junction bicellular tight junction plasma membrane axonal growth cone internode region of axon cell junction soma cell cortex cytoskeleton...

increased axonal excitability, indicating membrane depolarization. Secondly, membrane hyperpolarization can result from a blockade of axonal hyperpolarization-activated...

2017-08-30. Retrieved 2013-02-24. Jones CW, Pickering BT (December 1972). "Intra-axonal transport and turnover of neurohypophysial hormones in the rat". J. Physiol...

University New York University Thesis Studies on arthropod neurons: I. Axonal transport in a crayfish neuron. II. Visualization of neurosecretory pathways...

from postmortem evaluation that CCS probably is associated with selective axonal disruption in the lateral columns at the level of the injury to the spinal...

regeneration of myelin. Ketogenic diets are shown to alleviate diffuse axonal injury (DAI). This was tested using rats being fed a standard diet in comparison...

the axons of neurons toward the cell body in a process called retrograde axonal transport. Additionally, dynein motor is also responsible for the transport...

Netrins are one such tropic factor secreted by axonal target cells that function as a crucial axonal guidance protein in both vertebrate and invertebrate...

therapeutic interventions, proposing the use of advanced MRI, blood tests for axonal proteins, and PET for tau pathology to better understand and diagnose chronic...

neurons controls axonal organization in the olfactory lobes. In vertebrates, Slit1 plays an important role in vomeronasal organ (VNO) axonal targeting to...

SARM1's enzymatic activity is critically tuned to the activity of another axonal enzyme, NMNAT2. NMNAT2 is a labile protein in axons and is rapidly degraded...

increased axonal excitability. Many studies have concluded that abnormally decreased K+ conductance results in axonal depolarization, leading to axonal hyperexcitability...

synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane anterograde axonal transport melanosome organization autophagosome maturation synaptic vesicle...

Axonal projections that arrive at a particular brain region...

extends from the cell body. The neurite then branches to form dendritic and axonal processes. Most neurons in the central nervous systems of invertebrates...

Koyuncu OO, Wirblich C, Schnell MJ, Enquist LW (July 2018). "Retrograde axonal transport of rabies virus is unaffected by interferon treatment but blocked...

diffusely adherent Escherichia coli DAF decay accelerating factor DAI diffuse axonal injury DALY disability-adjusted life year DAPT dual anti-platelet therapy...

postdoctoral research with Mark Fishman, investigating the molecular basis of axonal guidance. In 1993, Strittmatter joined the faculty of Yale University. He...

administration after stroke, because observation suggests that inosine induces axonal rewiring. After ingestion, inosine is metabolized into uric acid, which...

Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte membranes, where it plays a role in glial-axonal interactions. MAG is a member of the SIGLEC family of proteins and is a...

act by preventing the closure of the voltage-gated sodium channels in the axonal membranes. The sodium channel is a membrane protein with a hydrophilic interior...

RPCs; cell fate specification; photoreceptor gene expression; and lastly axonal growth, synapse formation and outer segment growth. Early Notch signaling...

neuron function. Anti-GD1a antibodies were highly associated acute motor axonal neuropathy while high titers of anti-GM1 were more frequent indicating that...

(1998). "The role of the axolemma in the initiation of traumatically induced axonal injury". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 64 (3): 285–287...

ischemic cascade) or some types of traumatic brain injury such as diffuse axonal injury. Increase in concentration of calcium in the cell results in calpain...

propagation and high fidelity transmission without a need for an increase in axonal diameter. The loss or lack of OPCs, and consequent lack of differentiated...

epitopes of the nervous system to selectively stain particular cell types, axonal fascicles, neuropiles, glial processes or blood vessels, or specific intracytoplasmic...

cells. In the early stages of brain development, pioneer neurons define axonal trajectories that are later used as scaffolds by follower neurons, which...

musculoskeletal movement neuron cellular homeostasis anterograde axonal protein transport retrograde axonal protein transport negative regulation of protein localization...

in Alzheimer's disease by modulating the toxic effect of beta-amyloid on axonal transport of mitochondria. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000155980 –...

1995. Mathy, Alexandre, and Sara S.N. Ho. "Encoding of Oscillations by Axonal Bursts in Inferior Olive Neurons." Science Direct. May 14, 2009. Web. March...

myelin-associated glycoprotein. This receptor mediates axonal growth inhibition and may play a role in regulating axonal regeneration and plasticity in the adult central...

in this gene are associated with the disease spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy (SCAN1). While several transcript variants may exist for this...

involved in programmed cell death mitochondrion organization anterograde axonal transport Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6687...

syndrome has been associated with variants in the L1CAM gene which is an axonal glycoprotein that is essential for normal development of the central and...

soma depolarizes enough from accumulating graded potentials and firing an axonal action potential will these channels be activated to propagate a signal...

Chronic nerve entrapment results in demyelination primarily, with progressive axonal degeneration subsequently. It is, "therefore widely accepted that trigeminal...

generally results in the same effects (whether they be cellular, dendritic, or axonal) to varying degrees. Transneuronal degeneration is thought to be linked...

regionalization in large part is controlled by external influences, such as axonal inputs from the thalamus to the cortex. However, a series of papers in the...

congenital cases, mutations of genes involved in nerve growth, specifically axonal growth have been found. Rarely, it occurs as part of syndromes with neuroendocrine...

function can cause hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VI and axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. In both human diseases, pathology is likely...

March 2014. Hosung Jung; Byung C. Yoon & Christine E. Holt (1 May 2012). "Axonal mRNA localization and local protein synthesis in nervous system assembly...

neuropathological consequences such as ongoing axonal degeneration and neuroinflammation in subcortical white matter tracts. Axonal damage has been found in the brains...

muscle cells and secreted along blood vessels and in cells near sympathetic axonal projections so that the sympathetic axons can reach their target tissue...

focal crisis Infant respiratory distress syndrome Infantile apnea Infantile axonal neuropathy Infantile convulsions and paroxysmal choreoathetosis, familial...

potentiation. A dendritic spike is initiated in the same manner as that of an axonal action potential. Depolarization of the dendritic membrane causes sodium...

Importin β1 has an additional role in retrograde injury signaling. Following axonal injury, Importin β1 mRNA undergoes local translation within axons, contributing...

look between targets located in the distance. Moreover, lesions to the axonal tract of interneurons (in the medial longitudinal fasciculus) have been...

membrane-bounded organelle postsynaptic density membrane plasma membrane axonal growth cone midbody ciliary membrane perinuclear region of cytoplasm caveola...

encephalomyelitis Central nervous system Unknown Confirmed 0.8 per 100,000 Acute motor axonal neuropathy Peripheral nerves Anti-GM1 Confirmed Part of Guillain-Barré syndrome...

Nichols DE (June 1998). "An integrated hypothesis for the serotonergic axonal loss induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine". Neurotoxicology. 19...

Release of neurotransmitter occurs at the end of axonal branches....

the growing structure copies the axonal development of the human brain: the earliest developing connections (axonal fibers) are common at most of the...

Thy-1 can be used as a marker for a variety of stem cells and for the axonal processes of mature neurons. Structural study of Thy-1 led to the foundation...

vessel system of the hypophyseal stalk and vasopressin is transported by axonal transport to the posterior pituitary gland. There, CRH and vasopressin act...

because of hypothesized role of sodium in the pathological process leading to axonal injury and accumulating disability. There is insufficient evidence of an...

(June 2005). "Structural and functional studies of galectin-1: a novel axonal regeneration-promoting activity for oxidized galectin-1". Current Drug Targets...

pacemaker) The two parts receive successively a large quantity of GABAergic axonal terminal arborisations from the striatum through the dense striato-pallidonigral...

characteristics to model how water molecules diffuse in brain tissues and makes axonal fiber tracking possible. However, DTI had a major limitation in resolving...

construct, and was sometimes reported as a discontinuity between contiguous axonal terminations and dendrites or cell bodies, histological methods using the...

senile plaques, hydrocephalus, attenuation of the corpus callosum, diffuse axonal injury, neurofibrillary tangles, and damage to the cerebellum are implicated...

corpus callosum between motor cortices. Researchers hypothesize that this axonal density in the corpus callosum is responsible for the interhemispheric communication...

Introduction of mesenchymal stem cells promote the microenvironment needed for axonal regrowth and reduction of inflammation caused by astrocytes proliferation...

Hassel B, Wolff JM, Frank R, Rathjen FG (July 1992). "Structure of the axonal surface recognition molecule neurofascin and its relationship to a neural...

neuropathies of autonomic (and sometimes also sensory or motor) nerves Giant axonal neuropathy, a rare neurological disorder that causes disorganization of...

and recall depend involves multiple, hierarchically organized loops of axonal projections that converge on certain nodes out of which projections diverge...

and German Robert Remak were the first to identify and characterize the axonal initial segment. Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley also employed the squid...

related proteins in the brain: possible role of vesicular transport in axonal elongation". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 85 (1–2): 1–12. doi:10...

dispersion in a NCS. The latency may also be prolonged in this condition. Axonal Injury: An injury to the nerve where the axons are damaged, and the myelin...

Although Golgi's earlier works between 1873 and 1885 clearly depicted the axonal connections of cerebellar cortex and olfactory bulb as independent of one...

granules located in the posterior pituitary gland aid in intra-axonal transport. During intra-axonal transport, the neurophysin's are believed to prevent the...

S2CID 41022535. R. Adachi; R. Yamada; H. Kuba (2015). "Plasticity of the axonal trigger zone". The Neuroscientist. 21 (3): 255–265. doi:10.1177/1073858414535986...

do not distribute evenly on axonal and dendritic side of the synapse. Instead, Nectin-1 is primarily found on the axonal side and nectin-3 primarily on...

decline in BDNF availability leads to regressive changes in interneuronal axonal terminals and dendritic complexity, ultimately impairing their inhibitory...

Dattwyler RJ, Auwaerter PG (February 2017). "A critical appraisal of the mild axonal peripheral neuropathy of late neurologic Lyme disease". Diagnostic Microbiology...

anterograde and retrograde axonal transport is impaired. Between 30-50mmHg there will usually be changes in intraneural blood flow, axonal transport, and vascular...

manner. The axonal contents that are retracted are thought to be recycled to other parts of the axon. The biological mechanism with which axonal pruning occurs...

transport involved in cilium assembly cilium assembly axon guidance anterograde axonal transport protein transport protein localization to cell junction Sources:Amigo...

Inhibitors Reveal a Fundamental Role for Nav1.7 in Nociceptor Electrogenesis, Axonal Conduction and Presynaptic Release". PLOS ONE. 11 (4) e0152405. Bibcode:2016PLoSO...

proteins. Importin β1 is also involved in retrograde signalling induced by axonal injury. After injury, importin β1 mRNA is translated locally in axons and...

(Kindlin-2) modulates APP metabolism and controls synaptic connectivity and axonal growth in an APP-dependent manner. The rs7143400 SNP of FERMT2 is associated...

Stephen G. (ed.), "25 - AMAN: What It Teaches Us about Mechanisms Underlying Axonal Injury", Multiple Sclerosis As A Neuronal Disease, Burlington: Academic...

dendrite dendrite cytoplasm Biological process protein localization retrograde axonal transport neurogenesis neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway vesicle...

regulate axonal diameter and conduction velocity. Axons are particularly sensitive to mechanical and metabolic compromise and as a result axonal degeneration...

cytoplasm Golgi apparatus intracellular vesicle Biological process anterograde axonal transport protein transport anterograde synaptic vesicle transport intracellular...

delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). In tandem, TOCP exerts physical damage by causing axonal destruction and myelin disintegration within specialized cells that transmit...

projection kinetochore microtubule membrane focal adhesion plasma membrane axonal growth cone spindle microtubule organizing center chromosome ruffle membrane...

there are several competing hypotheses that explain gyrification, such as axonal tension, cortical buckling or differences in cellular proliferation rates...

protein phosphorylation central nervous system development anterograde axonal transport negative regulation of translation regulation of dendrite morphogenesis...

morphogenesis collateral sprouting positive regulation of axonogenesis mammillary axonal complex development melanocyte migration positive regulation of lens fiber...

generalized epidermolysis bullosa simplex) Generalized trichoepithelioma Giant axonal neuropathy with curly hair Gingival fibromatosis with hypertrichosis Haber...

related proteins in the brain: possible role of vesicular transport in axonal elongation". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 85 (1–2): 1–12. doi:10...

this mouse brain does not allow an in-depth look at synapses but can show axonal arborizations which contain many synapses. A limiting factor to studying...

the degeneration of motor neurons. Holzbaur has used her understanding of axonal transport to better understand neurodegenerative disease, including Parkinson's...

well-studied example is the requirement for Slit-Robo signaling in regulation of axonal midline crossing. Slit-Robo signaling is also critical for many neurodevelopmental...

these forces are common in diffuse injuries such as concussion and diffuse axonal injury. The term "diffuse" has been called a misnomer, since injury is often...

suggested that the buildup of axonal growth factors in the neurite destined to become the axon means there is a depletion of axonal growth factors by default...

branched, ranging in total from 20 to 50mm in total length. The branched axonal arborizations give rise to the name as they appear as baskets surrounding...

expressed at high levels in neuronal growth cones during development and axonal regeneration, and it is phosphorylated after long-term potentiation and...

cause widespread damage to all or many areas, and are caused by diffuse axonal injuries, hypoxia, ischaemia and vascular injuries. If both are severe,...

nervous system damage and degeneration. One of these is the phosphorylated, axonal form of the major neurofilament protein heavy chain protein which has the...

that hinders axonal regeneration. However, more recent studies revealed that glia scar is not detrimental, but is in fact beneficial for axonal regeneration...

contribution to the EEG signal. EEG recordings do not directly capture axonal action potentials. An action potential can be accurately represented as...

characteristics of periodontal mesencephalic trigeminal neurons in the cat--intra-axonal staining with HRP". Brain Research. 505 (1): 91–110. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90119-4...

environment conducive to axonal regeneration for about four days. After four days, CNS glia reinvade the area of injection and axonal regeneration is consequently...

is thought to play a role in neurite elongation during development and axonal regeneration after injury, but its exact function is unknown. It is also...

The following is a partial list of the "G" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM)...

vesicle cell projection membrane filopodium plasma membrane dendritic spine axonal growth cone axon soma neuron projection extracellular exosome glutamatergic...

Agulhas Negras (A.M.A.N.), the Brazilian Army military academy Acute motor axonal neuropathy Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN), an Indonesian NGO defending...

secretion of adipokines changes. leptin, one of the adipokines, also promotes axonal growth and modulates NMDA functioning, enhancing LTP. In obese states, the...

compression. More persistent forms of nerve injury involve demyelination and axonal constriction. In certain circumstances, diagnosing neurapraxia can be uncomfortable...

Deshpande A, Yu C, Jungbauer L, et al. (April 2009). "Disruption of fast axonal transport is a pathogenic mechanism for intraneuronal amyloid beta". Proceedings...

is modeling electric field perturbations within densely packed neuronal/axonal arbor. Such perturbations change the biophysical activating function. A...

(April 2012). "Glycolytic oligodendrocytes maintain myelin and long-term axonal integrity". Nature. 485 (7399): 517–521. Bibcode:2012Natur.485..517F. doi:10...

connotation due to its appearance in many CNS diseases and the inhibition of axonal regeneration caused by glial scar formation. However, gliosis has been shown...

Semaphorin-3A protein can function as either a chemorepulsive agent, inhibiting axonal outgrowth, or as a chemoattractive agent, stimulating the growth of apical...

ferruginated dendrites. Dendrites have fewer higher order branches. Purkinje "axonal torpedoes" may be present. Ventricular enlargement, enlarged cisterna magna...

bulb, axonal input to the accessory olfactory bulb forms synapses with mitral cells within glomeruli. The accessory olfactory bulb receives axonal input...

Laminin, collagen, and fibronectin, which are all ECM components, guide axonal development and promote neural stimulation and activity. Other molecules...

a secreted ligand expressed in the floor plate and functions to inhibit axonal crossing of the neural tube. While netrins attract commissural neurons toward...

commitment to describing neural representations in terms of structures of neural axonal discharges that are physically isomorphic to the inputs that cause them...

testosterone. A theory that high prenatal testosterone leads to neuronal and axonal loss in the corpus callosum is supported by this hypothesis. There is evidence...

hemorrhagic parenchymal contusions, brainstem injuries, and white matter axonal injuries. MRI is typically used when a patient continues to display neurological...

the damage of the axonal tracts whose function is to control motor and sensory activity. This protein has been found in this axonal tracts of adolescent...

transduction cell division cell cycle lysosome localization anterograde axonal transport protein transport Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human...

Sánchez. He was stunned by the variety of neuron types. He discovered the axonal growth cone, and demonstrated experimentally that the relationship between...

(3) impaired axonal structure or transport defects, in which neurotrophic signaling is lost, with defective anterograde and retrograde axonal transport observed...

Brain Research. Vol 123(4), 1432-1106 Carr, C.E., Konishi, M., (1988), Axonal delay lines for time measurement in the owl's brainstem. Neurobiology. Vol...

to the brain. Its presence in normal conditions indicates neuronal and axonal integrity. Choline: with its major peak at 3.2 ppm, choline is known to...

mitotic spindle centriolar subdistal appendage plasma membrane axon dendrite axonal growth cone apical part of cell Biological process centrosome localization...

is the sole source of histamine pathways in the human brain. The densest axonal projections from the tuberomammillary nucleus are sent to the cerebral cortex...

shown improved stroke recovery, especially when inhibiting inhibitors of axonal sprouting such as NOGO and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Sox9...

characterized by the ongoing bidirectional exchange of signals along reciprocal axonal fibers linking two or more brain areas. It is hypothesized to allow for...

cases is an MRI brain scan abnormal. Nerve conduction studies may show an axonal polyneuropathy. Most patients reported in the literature have been given...

PMID 16824795. Williams KL, Rahimtula M, Mearow KM (2005). "Hsp27 and axonal growth in adult sensory neurons in vitro". BMC Neuroscience. 6 (1) 24. doi:10...

in sensory relay, autonomic function, and endocrine regulation. Diffuse axonal injury A form of traumatic brain injury where widespread lesions in white...

in bicycle accidents can be large enough to cause concussions, diffuse axonal injury and subdural haematoma. A few new helmets are designed to reduce...

non-insect sodium channels have not yet been tested. BcTx1 acts on insect axonal sodium channels by lowering their activation threshold (by 5-10 mV), resulting...

riboside, a form of vitamin B3, protects against excitotoxicity-induced axonal degeneration". FASEB Journal. 31 (12): 5440–5452. doi:10.1096/fj.201700221RR...

early endosome basolateral plasma membrane insulin-responsive compartment axonal growth cone apical part of cell plasma membrane protein complex Biological...

reconstruction of peripheral nerve discontinuities in order to support the axonal regeneration across a nerve gap caused by any injury. It is human nerve...

β1-integrin in gonadotropin-releasing hormone cells disrupts migration and axonal extension resulting in severe reproductive alterations". Journal of Neuroscience...

nerve graft, as opposed to an autograft) is an artificial means of guiding axonal regrowth to facilitate nerve regeneration and is one of several clinical...

hillock (the point where the axon leaves the cell body), which is called the axonal initial segment, but the axon and cell body are also excitable in most cases...

Ataxia-oculomotor apraxia type 1 Spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy type 2 Spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy type 1 Xeroderma pigmentosum-Cockayne...

the access surgery "steals" blood flow from distal nerve tissue, multiple axonal loss mononeuropathies are caused distally in the limb, IMN is a type of...

discovered a number of novel glial signals for the induction of myelination, axonal sodium channel clustering, and synapse formation processes. Additionally...

YIGSR Promotes neural and endothelial cell attachment PHPMA-RGD Promotes axonal outgrowth IKVAV Promotes neural cell attachment KQAGDVA Promotes smooth...

D.; Jaskolski, F.; Vimeney, A.; Mulle, C. (2007). "Fast regulation of axonal growth cone motility by electrical activity". Journal of Neuroscience. 27...

the finding of shrunken cochlear nerves at his autopsy is consistent with axonal degeneration due to heavy metals such as lead. Chronic low-level lead exposure...

system, that functions as an insulator to greatly increase the efficiency of axonal impulse conduction. In humans, point mutations in PLP are the cause of...

development. It is thought to contribute to intracellular signaling pathways, axonal transport, and vesicle trafficking, as well as to mediate protein–protein...

cone membrane focal adhesion cell surface integral component of membrane axonal growth cone plasma membrane axon dendrite soma extracellular matrix collagen-containing...

strong role in the closure of the critical period. A fine regulation of axonal and dendritic growth is required in the adult CNS to preserve important...

Depolarization of the presynaptic membrane induces a calcium ion influx into the axonal nerve terminal of neurons, and increases the intracellular concentration...

determined by a parallel increase of pre- and postsynaptic structures such as axonal bouton, dendritic spine and postsynaptic density. On the molecular level...

syndrome Acute HME syndrome Acute interstitial pneumonitis Acute motor axonal neuropathy Acute radiation syndrome Acute respiratory distress syndrome...

Recurrence Scale developed by Mignucci-Jiménez et al. Concussion Diffuse axonal injury Extra-axial hemorrhage Intra-axial hemorrhage Ko BS, Lee JK, Seo...

remaining brainstem and spinal cord motor neurons develop new branches, or axonal sprouts. These sprouts can reinnervate orphaned muscle fibers that have...

effects on brain microvasculature, white matter maturation, and possibly axonal damage (de Win et al. 2008). Reynolds, Simon (1999). Generation Ecstasy:...

alkaloids veratridine, batrachotoxin and aconitine. Experiments using squid axonal membranes indicate that sodium channel binding likely occurs on the internal...

reported case of acute optic neuropathy demonstrated substitution of the axonal portion of the optic nerve with fibrous astrocytes without retinal changes...

has been shown to produce a clinical neuropathy, characterized by giant axonal swellings filled with neurofilaments. It also resulted in an orange/brown...

compactly wrapped myelin lamellae. Further myelin maturation leads to distinct axonal subdomains with a paranodal axo-glial junction (PNJ) and node of Ranvier...

receptor-mediated endocytosis regulation of axon extension anterograde axonal transport regulation of exocytosis positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis...

neuroaxonal spheroids (LENAS), also known as adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP), hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy...

paraventricular neurons of the hypothalamus and in the supraoptic nucleus. During axonal transport, pre-pro-AVP is proteolytically cleaved into vasopressin, neurophysin...

binding Cellular component integral component of membrane plasma membrane axonal growth cone integral component of plasma membrane membrane nucleoplasm Biological...

in gene expression, mRNA stability, neuronal survival, ischemic-induced axonal injury, synaptic efficacy, and both activation and deactivation of other...

maintenance of postsynaptic density structure anterograde axonal protein transport retrograde axonal protein transport neurotransmitter receptor localization...

that RGMa is an inhibitor of axonal outgrowth. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of RGMa in axonal guidance and outgrowth. Severyn...

center and synapse in the central nervous system. The discovery of the axonal reflex found that the axon reflex activates local arterioles causing vasodilation...

proNGF, while NGF treatment of these same neurons results in survival and axonal growth. Survival and PCD mechanisms are mediated through adaptor protein...

care unit after surgery. His family later reported that he had a diffuse axonal injury, a traumatic brain injury common in vehicle accidents involving quick...

syndrome Second-impact syndrome Chronic traumatic encephalopathy Diffuse axonal injury Abusive head trauma Penetrating head injury Spinal cord injury Anterior...

to produce experience-dependent plasticity, and other mechanisms such as axonal remodelling are also needed to explain features such as savings from prior...

of the greater recovery rates in minimally conscious state patients. The axonal regrowth has been correlated with functional motor recovery. The regrowth...

May 2022). "A fluorescent nanosensor paint detects dopamine release at axonal varicosities with high spatiotemporal resolution". Proceedings of the National...

without any progression of the cell cycle, such as growth of neurons during axonal pathfinding in nervous system development. In multicellular organisms, tissue...

Rudick R, Fisher E, Trapp BD (April 2008). "Imaging correlates of decreased axonal Na+/K+ ATPase in chronic multiple sclerosis lesions". Annals of Neurology...

iron accumulation type 2A (NBIA2A), and is characterized by pathologic axonal swelling and spheroid bodies in the central nervous system. Onset is within...

it would acquire Disarm Therapeutics and its experimental treatments for axonal degeneration, via SARM1 inhibitors, for $135 million plus up to another...

ISSN 1662-5188. PMC 8372750. PMID 34421566. Carr, C. E.; Konishi, M. (1988). "Axonal delay lines for time measurement in the owl's brainstem". Proceedings of...

W, Fuchs E, Yang Y (October 2003). "BPAG1n4 is essential for retrograde axonal transport in sensory neurons". The Journal of Cell Biology. 163 (2): 223–9...

Müller, J., Fiscella, M., Takahashi, H., & Hierlemann, A. (2013). Tracking axonal action potential propagation on a high-density microelectrode array across...

later on in the child's life hearing loss, psychotic behavior, sensory axonal neutrophil ataxia, and additional neurological development problems. Before...

Kuwada, Shigeyuki (2 June 1997). "Simultaneous anterograde labeling of axonal layers from lateral superior olive and dorsal cochlear nucleus in the inferior...

reflexes, increased level of lactate in CSF and in blood, cognitive decline, axonal peripheral neuropathy. In very rare cases, they might have absence of the...

acetylcholine, and glutamate. They exert cortical influence through direct axonal projections and indirect projections through thalamic relays. The thalamic...

cDNA and chromosomal localization of the gene (TAX1) encoding the human axonal glycoprotein TAG-1". Genomics. 18 (3): 562–7. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80357-X...

Domain Possesses Intrinsic NAD+ Cleavage Activity that Promotes Pathological Axonal Degeneration". Neuron. 93 (6): 1334–1343.e5. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02...

eastern Canada Neurofilament light polypeptide, a biomarker that reflects axonal damage No free lunch, short-hand phrase for the principle that what appears...

tRNA(Ala) in cytoplasmic Alanyl-tRNA synthetase is mutated in dominant axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease". American Journal of Human Genetics. 86 (1):...

organization positive regulation of dendrite development cellular senescence axonal transport of mitochondrion positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion positive...

present coarse Nissl granules and have characteristic eccentric nuclei. Axonal projections from neurons in this nucleus give rise to the dorsal spinocerebellar...

better understanding of the factors governing the generation of neurons and axonal pathfinding in the CNS during development and regeneration using the zebrafish...

Backer O, Goffinet AM (April 2005). "Protocadherin Celsr3 is crucial in axonal tract development". Nat. Neurosci. 8 (4): 451–7. doi:10.1038/nn1428. PMID 15778712...

the moment of trauma and includes contusion, damage to blood vessels, and axonal shearing, in which the axons of neurons are stretched and torn. The blood...

non-toxic; however, it was later determined to be a neurotoxin that causes axonal damage to the nerve cells in the nervous system of mammals, especially those...

muscle tissue, to the spinal cord through nerve pathways via retrograde axonal transport. A third hypothesis is that the virus is imported into the CNS...

Meteorin regulates glial cell differentiation and promotes the formation of axonal networks during neurogenesis. Aligned with its neurotrophic properties Meteorin...

excitatory synaptic contacts with other cells, some of which project (send axonal output) to the same region of the spinal cord, others projecting into the...

innervate the pre-LC, as evidenced by (1) dense labeling with an anterograde axonal tracer in pre-LC after that tracer had been injected into the nucleus of...

been proposed. These theories include those based on mechanical buckling, axonal tension, and differential tangential expansion. What is clear is that gyrification...

animal species. They have the rather rare property of having no initial axonal collaterals, which implies that one emitting thalamocortical neuron does...

mature (acidify) as they travel towards the cell body along the axon. This axonal transport is disrupted if huntingtin or its interacting partner HAP1, which...

Maria Antonietta; Antonini, Angelo; Perani, Daniela (1 January 2017). "Axonal damage and loss of connectivity in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine...

inactivated states are ion impermeable. Before an action potential occurs, the axonal membrane is at its normal resting potential, about −70 mV in most human...

BJC states "This neurotoxicity resembled the pattern of length-dependent, axonal, sensorimotor polyneuropathy without demyelination." with regard to the...

including demyelination and a loss of nerve function (specifically a loss of axonal conductance). Numerous molecular mechanisms have been associated with this...

The secreted protein encoded by this gene family member is important in axonal guidance and has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor by inducing apoptosis...

profile, neurotransmitter phenotype, migratory pattern, and aspects of their axonal trajectory, suggesting that this single homeodomain transcription factor...

Sandhya Koushika (fl. from 2000s), neuroscientist focusing on regulation of axonal transport within nerve cells Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath (born 1953), neuroscientist...

physiological differences between these two classes are significant. The axonal diameter of gamma-motor neurons is half of that of alpha-motor neurons,...

is the neurotransmitter. "A Wavelet Approach for the Identification of Axonal Synaptic Varicosities from Microscope Images". Retrieved 2010-08-12. The...

(February 2008). "Neurotrophic factors in Alzheimer's disease: role of axonal transport". Genes, Brain and Behavior. 7 (Suppl 1): 43–56. doi:10.1111/j...

traumatic injuries. It is important to understand in order to further develop axonal regrowth surgical techniques. Further research of preferential motor reinnervation...

pathways and model disease and midline assembloids to study axonal crossing. Assembloids developed in his laboratory have been used to study...

peculiar feature of RTN4's isoform RTN4A (Nogo-A) is its ability to inhibit axonal growth. This reticulon subform is absent in fish, a taxon known for the...

granule lumen soma terminal bouton dendritic spine dendritic growth cone axonal growth cone excitatory synapse central region of growth cone peripheral...

260.118.200 – brain injury, chronic MeSH C21.866.260.118.300 – diffuse axonal injury MeSH C21.866.260.118.475 – epilepsy, post-traumatic MeSH C21.866...

development firm Diamond Aircraft Industries, an aircraft manufacturer Diffuse axonal injury, a type of traumatic brain injury Digital Author Identifier, a unique...

The trigeminovascular system (TVS) refers to neurons and their axonal projections within the trigeminal nerve that project to the cranial meninges and...

neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy: fulminant development with axonal loss during military training". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry...

De Jonghe P, Kremensky I, Timmerman V (2006). "Disrupted function and axonal distribution of mutant tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in dominant intermediate...

(December 2002). "Robo1 and Robo2 are homophilic binding molecules that promote axonal growth". Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences. 21 (4): 534–545. doi:10.1006/mcne...

ghost was named spectrin. In certain types of brain injury such as diffuse axonal injury, spectrin is irreversibly cleaved by the proteolytic enzyme calpain...

Ji-Xin (2005-07-01). "Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Imaging of Axonal Myelin in Live Spinal Tissues". Biophysical Journal. 89 (1): 581–591. Bibcode:2005BpJ...

{\displaystyle n} relative to the ground and R n {\displaystyle R_{n}} the axonal resistance of compartment n {\displaystyle n} . The activating function...

callosum development central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis axonal fasciculation camera-type eye morphogenesis retinal ganglion cell axon guidance...

component of the reward system. The function of dopamine varies in each axonal projection from the VTA and substantia nigra; for example, the VTA–nucleus...

Kinesin-like protein KIF1A, also known as axonal transporter of synaptic vesicles or microtubule-based motor KIF1A, is a protein that in humans is encoded...

modulators in neurotransmitter release across the presynaptic membrane of axonal neurons in the nervous system. Alternative splicing of the SYN2 gene results...

spinal cord and lower brainstem, ranging from localized contusion to diffuse axonal injury to complete transection. Vascular complications are also frequent...

ICP. Intracranial hypertension also induces changes at the cellular or axonal level such as the swelling of the fibers of the optic nerve that form the...

microtubule-dependent motor proteins to transport essential cellular components along axonal and dendritic microtubules. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000139116...

are part of the ECM, but they vary in their roles, as CSPGs focus more on axonal growth and chondronectins focus on adhesion. Carsons, S.; Horn, V. J. (October...

(impaired cytokine production and phagocytosis) which is associated with axonal damage, demyelination, and neuronal loss. Signaling by a DAP12-TREM2 complex...

specification in mice and human neuron models; new approaches to subtype-specific axonal growth cone biology; neural progenitor / “stem cell” biology; induction...

(August 2014). "Rabies Virus Hijacks and accelerates the p75NTR retrograde axonal transport machinery". PLOS Pathogens. 10 (8) e1004348. doi:10.1371/journal...

NAWM). Besides ADEM does not present "black holes" under MRI (zones with axonal damage) and lesions develop strictly around veins instead of the more relaxed...

PMID 13483871. Gajdusek, Daniel Carleton (1985). "Hypothesis: interference with axonal transport of neurofilament as a common pathogenetic mechanism in certain...

elegans is unc-51 (uncoordinated-51). Unc-51 also functions in proper axonal guidance and in neuronal development. The Atg1 homologue in D. melanogaster...

findings indicate that the brain is structurally interconnected and that axonal fibres are integrally important for fast information process, and thus general...

Because injuries can lead to damaged axons, Schwann cells aid in fixing axonal damage and promoting new growth. Due to their healing properties, these...

Wolf JA, Stys PK, Lusardi T, Meaney D, Smith DH (Mar 2001). "Traumatic axonal injury induces calcium influx modulated by tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium...

PMC 282424. PMID 3054884. Kevenaar, Josta T.; Hoogenraad, Casper C. (2015). "The axonal cytoskeleton: from organization to function". Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience...

PMC 1350367. PMID 4350770. Robinson R (February 2009). "In mammalian muscle, axonal wiring takes surprising paths". PLOS Biol. 7 (2) e1000050. doi:10.1371/journal...

which CSGAGs are known to play critical functions in include inhibition of axonal growth and regeneration in CNS development, roles in brain development,...

reduction or complete blockage of conduction across a segment of nerve while axonal continuity is maintained and nerve conduction is preserved. These injuries...

used in diffusion imaging where it is thought to reflect fiber density, axonal diameter, and myelination in white matter. The FA is an extension of the...

somatodendritic compartment, with the exception of hypothalamus, where axonal labeling was detected. CAbP1 and CAbP2 contain a consensus sequence for...

alters the channel's activity. TRAAK channels are thought to have a role in axonal pathfinding, growth cone motility, and neurite elongation, as well as possibly...

migration in several brain regions. His team is also studying the evolution of axonal guidance mechanisms. His recent work has called into question the existence...

inactivated states are ion impermeable. Before an action potential occurs, the axonal membrane is at its normal resting potential, about −70 mV in most human...

structural damage to the brain, such as a sharp blow to the head, a diffuse axonal injury, or childhood brain damage (e.g., shaken baby syndrome). In cases...

Dysarthria: speech disorder characterized by poor articulation Peripheral axonal neuropathy: over time there is a loss of muscle volume and damage of the...

cells. let-7 miRNA controls CED-7 homotypic adhesion and EFF-1-mediated axonal self-fusion to restore touch sensation following injury: This work on focused...

tractography and structural connectomics (the in vivo visualization the axonal fibers that connect neurons in the brain) . Chien and Kwong then used their...

dendritic potentials) for computation and digital signals (i.e., all-or-none axonal potentials) for communication. Having explored this unique hybrid of digital...

not proportions of different postsynaptic elements contacted a particular axonal pathway. Relative concentrations could signify a reflection of different...

adenylyl cyclase (PAC) reveals novel mechanisms underlying cAMP-dependent axonal morphogenesis". Scientific Reports. 6 (1) 19679. Bibcode:2016NatSR...519679Z...

positive oligodendrocytes, prevented the glial scar formation and restored axonal architecture. Treatments are also in clinical trials to repair and regenerate...

latter interferes with proliferation, differentiation, neuronal migration, axonal outgrowth, integration, and fine-tuning of the synaptic network. In short...

system, that functions as an insulator to greatly increase the velocity of axonal impulse conduction. Myelin protein zero, absent in the central nervous system...

sleep in two distinct ways. First, when released during wakefulness via axonal nerve endings, it influences the synthesis of sleep-promoting substances...

and the motor speech region, Broca's area, are interconnected by a large axonal fiber system known as the arcuate fasciculus which passes directly beneath...

cortex, sending their axons up to the cortical layer I where they form axonal arborization. The arbors transgress multiple columns in layer VI and make...

Bukowska D, Mierzejewska-Krzyzowska B, Zguczyński L (2006). "Topography and axonal collaterals of trigeminocerebellar projection to the paramedian lobule and...

machinery and the gates of Ca2+ entry during depolarization of the presynaptic axonal boutons. The Sec1/Munc18 protein family is known to bind to Syntaxin and...

pharmacokinetics: 15.13 %) Promotion of PC12 cells differentiation and axonal growth (2.5single bond10 mol/L, at 10 μmol/L: percentage of neurite-bearing...

of conserved flavoprotein oxidoreductases, function in plexin-mediated axonal repulsion". Cell. 109 (7): 887–900. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00794-8. PMID 12110185...

acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), acute ataxia, and Miller-Fisher syndrome. These disorders...

transport chain. A mutation of the COX6A1 gene is associated with a recessive axonal or mixed form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. The COX6A1 gene, located on...

PMID 12139994. S2CID 17044328. Lamb, Charles F.; Finger, Thomas E. (1996). "Axonal projection patterns of neurons in the secondary gustatory nucleus of channel...

motor neurons, and provide a permissive physical framework for directed axonal elongation and synaptogenesis. Dermal regeneration involves the development...

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1972.sp002151. PMID 4482075. Russell NJ (1980). "Axonal conduction velocity changes following muscle tenotomy or deafferentation...

Members of the semaphorin protein family, such as SEMA5A, are involved in axonal guidance during neural development. Semaphorin 5A also plays a role in autism...

anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques are based on the visualization of axonal transport. Retrograde tracing can be achieved through various means, including...

Pro S, Maiorani D, Martinelli D, Deodato F, et al. (September 2018). "Axonal peripheral neuropathy in propionic acidemia: A severe side effect of long-term...

Alderete was involved in a bicycle accident which left him with a diffuse axonal injury, a type of traumatic brain injury. A GoFundMe page was created to...

(2000-05-29). "Tissue Plasminogen Activator–Mediated Fibrinolysis Protects against Axonal Degeneration and Demyelination after Sciatic Nerve Injury". Journal of Cell...

clathrin adaptor complex axon cytoplasm Biological process anterograde axonal transport protein transport anterograde synaptic vesicle transport protein...

to be about 80 nm/s, lower than the measured speed of 100-1400 nm/s of axonal transport of mitochondria; this could be due to the smaller diameter of...

but it has been shown that these glial precursors are not essential to axonal growth. The transition from neural crest cells to Schwann cell precursors...

Koike H, Nakagawa M, Yoshikawa H, et al. (January 2003). "Demyelinating and axonal features of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with mutations of myelin-related...

EH, Francis PT, Noble W, Miller CC (Jul 2012). "Calsyntenin-1 mediates axonal transport of the amyloid precursor protein and regulates Aβ production"...

Neuroscience Methods. 2013 Jan 15;212(1):173-9. CXCR7 antagonism prevents axonal injury during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as revealed by in...

of conserved flavoprotein oxidoreductases, function in plexin-mediated axonal repulsion". Cell. 109 (7): 887–900. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00794-8. PMID 12110185...

connections. Versican can also inhibit nervous system regeneration and axonal growth following an injury to the central nervous system. Increased versican...

transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated axonal transport of mitochondrion positive regulation of macroautophagy cartilage...

interactions may sculpt the synchrony and timing of spikes traveling along axonal fiber bundles in the brain, which may be related to "pink noise" or the...

the malleoli of camel spiders (Arachnida, Solifugae): a re-evaluation of axonal pathways". Zoological Letters. 5 (1): 26. doi:10.1186/s40851-019-0137-z...

have caused. Not only has α-internexin been linked to axonal outgrowth but it may regulate axonal stability or diameter through changes in filaments and...

Jong Seok; Kim, Byoung Joon (2005). "Cerebellar ataxia and acute motor axonal neuropathy associated with Anti GD1b and Anti GM1 antibodies". Journal of...

and macrophages in rats secrete growth factor oncomodulin that support axonal regeneration in the CNS. Microglia and macrophages together help in the...

and cell-ECM communication, migration and metastasis, proliferation, and axonal growth, guidance and regeneration. NG2-positive cells include oligodendrocyte...

of growth cone centrosome kinesin complex Biological process retrograde axonal transport cell differentiation activation of GTPase activity chromosome...

Beaulieu, Christian (2006). "Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Time-Dependent Axonal and Myelin Degradation after Corpus Callosotomy in Epilepsy Patients". NeuroImage...

(2018). "Mitochondrial Ultrastructure Is Coupled to Synaptic Performance at Axonal Release Sites". eNeuro. 5 (1): ENEURO.0390–17.2018. doi:10.1523/ENEURO.0390-17...

acknowledging the widespread support, confirmed that Bianchi had suffered a diffuse axonal injury, which is a common traumatic brain injury in vehicle accidents involving...

inhibitory neuron provides synaptic input to the axon of another neuron (axo-axonal synapse) to make it less likely to fire an action potential. Presynaptic...

Considering the entire brain, thousands of genes create products that influence axonal pathfinding. The synaptic network that finally emerges is only partly determined...

domain of receptor tyrosine phosphatase beta is a functional ligand for the axonal cell recognition molecule contactin". Cell. 82 (2): 251–60. doi:10...

an ortholog of the C. elegans unc-76 gene, which is necessary for normal axonal bundling and elongation within axon bundles. Other orthologs include the...

Filbin MT (February 2008). "The role of cyclic AMP signaling in promoting axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury". Experimental Neurology. 209 (2):...

C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons cause dysfunctional axonal homeostasis. Acta Neuropatholica 141:257–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-020-02252-5...

root exit zone is where the central glial axonal insulation of the nerve ends and the peripheral nerve axonal myelination begins, this is known as The...

An axo-axonal gated synapse: Neuron C gates the synapse between Neuron A and B....

cytoplasm recycling endosome cytosol endosome early endosome membrane membrane axonal spine serine-pyruvate aminotransferase complex early endosome extrinsic...

Alderete was involved in a bicycle accident which left him with a diffuse axonal injury, a type of traumatic brain injury. A GoFundMe page was created to...

to treat orthostatic hypotension. It may also be of benefit in chronic axonal polyneuropathy. It is also being prescribed off-label for postural orthostatic...

"Defective DNA single-strand break repair in spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy-1". Nature. 434 (7029): 108–13. Bibcode:2005Natur.434..108E....

discovered by Ludwig Turck that anterograde degeneration can be used to trace axonal pathways in the nervous system. It was also found that the coagulated fragments...

Megeath, Jolanta Górska-Andrzejak, Ian A. Meinertzhagen, Thomas L. Schwarz "Axonal Transport of Mitochondria to Synapses Depends on Milton, a Novel Drosophila...

which is a crucial developmental mechanism for uniform distribution of axonal and dendritic processes in the formation of synaptic fields. The neurons...

signaling pathway cellular response to heat Unfolded Protein Response slow axonal transport Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3312...

1999). "Neurotrophin binding to the p75 receptor modulates Rho activity and axonal outgrowth". Neuron. 24 (3): 585–593. doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81114-9....

diverse subpopulations of neurons with distinct neurotransmitter phenotype, axonal projection and function during locomotion. For example, V2 interneurons...

home. Despite wearing protective equipment, he suffered a form of diffuse axonal injury and was in a coma for almost four weeks. By September, he had undergone...

axonin-1, and the signalling molecule semaphorin 4D that is involved in axonal guidance, immune function and angiogenesis. ADAMTSL1, ADAMTSL3, ALPK3, AXL...

"REDD2-mediated inhibition of mTOR promotes dendrite retraction induced by axonal injury". Cell Death and Differentiation. 22 (4): 612–25. doi:10.1038/cdd...

neurons in the brain). The output neurons of the nucleus accumbens send axonal projections to the basal ganglia and the ventral analog of the globus pallidus...

EE, Kalkonde YV (September 2013). "A case of severe chronic progressive axonal polyradiculoneuropathy temporally associated with anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies"...

Joseph G.; Goldstein, Lawrence S.B. (November 10, 2000). "Kinesin-dependent axonal transport is mediated by the sunday driver (SYD) protein". Cell. 103 (4):...

Golgi began to cellularly detail the brain and employ techniques to perfect axonal microscoping. Ludwig Edinger took advantage of this and came up with a new...

lead to a disturbed complex building with gigaxonin, a protein involved in axonal structure and neuronal maintenance. This can lead to impaired degradation...

(Drosophila)". Hua ZL, Smallwood PM, Nathans J (Dec 2013). "Frizzled3 controls axonal development in distinct populations of cranial and spinal motor neurons"...

1977). "Neurophysin biosynthesis: conversion of a putative precursor during axonal transport". Science. 195 (4284): 1354–6. Bibcode:1977Sci...195.1354G. doi:10...

the barrier that can lead to immune system invasion, demyelination, and axonal damage. The BSCB is more susceptible to immune invasion because tight junctions...

Michele; Takahashi, Hirokazu; Hierlemann, Andreas (19 July 2013). "Tracking axonal action potential propagation on a high-density microelectrode array across...

1007/bf02423514. PMID 2226695. Otake K, Sasaki H, Ezure K, Manabe M (1988). "Axonal projections from Bötzinger expiratory neurons to contralateral ventral and...

deficit. In patients with mild TBI, the damage consists primarily of diffuse axonal injury (widespread damage to white matter) without any focal damage (damage...

Astrocytes of the hippocampal stratum oriens form tripartite synapses with axonal projections from the alveus. The alveus projections can form either glutamatergic...

and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II retrograde axonal transport of mitochondrion Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human...

discoveries, particularly for the understanding of neuronal plasticity and axonal guidance processes.    2001: Research Prize of the Allianz-Institut de France...

Salton SR (2002). "Functional binding interaction identified between the axonal CAM L1 and members of the ERM family". J. Cell Biol. 157 (7): 1105–12. doi:10...

channel, the virus could be able to pave its way to the CNS. Retrograde axonal transport. The gut neurons might have transported the viruses into the nervous...

project titled "Corneal Herpetic Infection: Axonal Transport" was funded from 1990-1991. Her project titled "Axonal Transport and Peripheral Nerve Function"...

entities how to properly align. Slit proteins behave as such when working in axonal guidance during the development of the nervous system. Similarly, these...

second mechanism of reaching the brain tissue is achieved through intra-axonal transport. In this mechanism, Listeria travels along the nerves to the brain...

GSK-3beta leading to the loss of phosphorylated MAP-1B is an early event in axonal remodelling induced by WNT-7a or lithium". J. Cell Sci. 111 ( Pt 10) (10):...

432661 Foster, R. E., Whalen, C. C. and Waxman, S. G. Reorganization of the axonal membrane of demyelinated nerve fibers: morphological evidence. Science,...

Nichols DE (June 1998). "An integrated hypothesis for the serotonergic axonal loss induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine". Neurotoxicology. 19...

Andrews MR, Verhaagen J, Fawcett JW (February 2018). "Integrins promote axonal regeneration after injury of the nervous system". Biological Reviews of...

"Misexpression of Pou3f1 results in peripheral nerve hypomyelination and axonal loss". The Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (43): 11552–9. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI...

Nichols DE (June 1998). "An integrated hypothesis for the serotonergic axonal loss induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine". Neurotoxicology. 19...

cytoplasm cytosol BLOC-1 complex axon cytoplasm Biological process anterograde axonal transport melanosome organization intracellular transport anterograde synaptic...

organisms. Both elimination and overexpression of katanin is deleterious to axonal growth, and, thus, katanin must be carefully regulated for proper neural...

"Ninjurin, a novel adhesion molecule, is induced by nerve injury and promotes axonal growth". Neuron. 17 (2): 353–61. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80166-X. PMID 8780658...

fiber which innervates Purkinje cells. The vast majority of granule cell axonal synapses are found on the parallel fibers. The parallel fibers are sent...

PMC 4266137. PMID 24525545. Watanabe, M; Fukuda, Y (Nov 2002). "Survival and axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells in adult cats". Progress in Retinal...

determined by a parallel increase of pre- and postsynaptic structures such as axonal bouton, dendritic spine and postsynaptic density. On the molecular level...

2002). "Neurofascin is a glial receptor for the paranodin/Caspr-contactin axonal complex at the axoglial junction". Current Biology. 12 (3): 217–20. Bibcode:2002CBio...

"Parkinson's disease-associated kinase PINK1 regulates Miro protein level and axonal transport of mitochondria". PLOS Genetics. 8 (3): e102537. doi:10.1371/journal...

. & Zaheer, A. (2020). Absence of glia maturation factor protects from axonal injury and motor behavioral impairments after traumatic brain injury. Experimental...

Zisman S, Schejter A, Visel A, Klar A (2009). "Transcriptional control of axonal guidance and sorting in dorsal interneurons by the Lim-HD proteins Lhx9...

done to speed recovery time. A nerve injury in continuity results when axonal function is nonexistent but the structure of the connective tissue is preserved...

(Jan 2001). "Identification of a receptor mediating Nogo-66 inhibition of axonal regeneration". Nature. 409 (6818): 341–6. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..341F. doi:10...

histological dissection and staining, by degeneration methods, and by axonal tracing. Axonal tracing methods form the primary basis for the systematic charting...

glomerulus representing a specific OR develops slowly and involves considerable axonal reorganization in order to achieve the highly topographical projection observed...

Jordanova A, Irobi J, Thomas FP, et al. (2006). "Disrupted function and axonal distribution of mutant tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in dominant intermediate...

which also makes swimming possible filopodia, enabling movement of the axonal growth cone flagellar motility, a swimming-like motion (observed for example...

Kratchmarov R, Taylor MP, Enquist LW (2013). "Role of us9 phosphorylation in axonal sorting and anterograde transport of pseudorabies virus". PLOS ONE. 8 (3)...

needed] Electrodiagnostic medicine studies will show multifocal sensory motor axonal neuropathy.[citation needed] It is caused by, or associated with, several...

stimulated. Knockout of both progranulin homologues in a zebrafish model reduces axonal outgrowth. In primary cortical and motor neurons, progranulin regulates...

dopaminergic neurodegeneration through the upregulation of axonal and synaptic proteins. Axonal degeneration and synaptic loss are key events at the early...

mesoderm, keeping the neural tube unperturbed, showed the confinement of axonal growth to the original anterior half of the somites thus showing how neural...

terminate its synaptic activity. Chandelier neurons synapse exclusively to the axonal initial segment of pyramidal neurons, near the site where action potential...

hemorrhaging on March 20, 2007, but succumbed to complications of diffuse axonal injury three days later after being removed from life support in accordance...

and release of hormones of the posterior pituitary. Pituicytes surround axonal endings and regulate hormone secretion by releasing their processes from...

is the directional motility or outgrowth of cells, e.g. in the case of axonal outgrowth, usually up a gradient of cellular adhesion sites or substrate-bound...

A, Saudou F, Villard L (Feb 2012). "Modification of Mecp2 dosage alters axonal transport through the Huntingtin/Hap1 pathway". Neurobiology of Disease...

published days after the Watson and Crick Nature article, the discovery of axonal transport, the Warshawsky et al. finding that nascent proteins are processed...

[citation needed] The degree of recovery depends on the extent of the original axonal damage. Adams RD, Victor M, Mancall EL (1959). "Central pontine myelinolysis:...

differentiation antigen processing and presentation blood coagulation anterograde axonal transport anterograde synaptic vesicle transport transport synaptic vesicle...

S2CID 25911933. Schwob, JE.; Price, JL. (Feb 1984). "The development of axonal connections in the central olfactory system of rats". The Journal of Comparative...

for the breed include seizures and allergies; very rarely, one will see axonal dystrophy, cataract, retinal dysplasia and deafness in the breed. Ibizan...

factor to tissue damage in Baló lesions, where such deficits may exacerbate axonal injury through glutamate-mediated excitotoxic mechanisms similar to those...

in the brain stem. This area is known to affect the cerebellum with its axonal projections. These afferent connections have been proven to project not...

symptoms are due to slow nerve conduction velocities; however people with axonal degradation have average-to-normal nerve conduction velocities.[citation...

cellular and sub-cellular spatial resolution, such as within dendrites and axonal boutons, within a well-defined focal plane. However, without the assistance...

the myelin-directed "outside-in" signaling cascade that mediates radial axonal growth". J. Cell Biol. 163 (5): 1011–20. doi:10.1083/jcb.200308159. PMC 2173620...

Jonghe P, Timmerman V (2004). "Mutant small heat-shock protein 27 causes axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy". Nature...

Ca2+ fluxes, inhibition of PKC-mediated phosphorylation, astrocytosis and axonal proliferation, and inhibition of microtubule assembly. In the developing...

outgrowth from embryonic cerebellar neurons, and thus may be involved in axonal extension or guidance in vivo. Neurites are extensions from neurons that...

disorder "shivers" is associated with selective cerebellar Purkinje cell axonal degeneration". Veterinary Pathology. 52 (6): 1087–98. doi:10.1177/0300985815571668...

maintained (one does not involute/regress). Angiogenesis Atherosclerosis Axonal collateralization and its dependence on dendritic arborization Tayebjee...

signal to help guide growing axons. CSPGs have been implicated in inhibiting axonal regeneration and neurogenesis after central nervous system injury. CSPGs...

and localized proton MRS of brain metabolism to fiber tractography of the axonal connectivity via diffusion tensor imaging and mapping of the functional...

cochlear nucleus on both sides of the brainstem, and demyelination and axonal loss of the cochlear nerve. The authors said that the consistent findings...

Andrews MR, Verhaagen J, Fawcett JW (August 2018). "Integrins promote axonal regeneration after injury of the nervous system". Biological Reviews of...

"Intrathecal lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM synthesis associates with retinal axonal loss in multiple sclerosis". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 360:...

hypothesized that the potassium released to extracellular compartment during axonal activity entered and depolarized nearby astrocytes, where it was transported...

remyelination increased. Furthermore, CNS inflammation, apoptosis, and axonal damage were reduced. Late-onset neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's...

role in neurofilament architecture and is mutated in giant axonal neuropathy. Giant axonal neuropathy with curly hair GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000261609...

large synaptic junctions. The dendritic brush and the large endings of the axonal branches are involved in the formation of cerebellar glomeruli. The UBC...

Gallant PE, Reese TS, Andrews SB. Phosphorylation and subunit organization of axonal neurofilaments determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy....

fibers and atrophy shown on muscle biopsy, cataracts, hearing loss, sensory axonal neuropathy, ataxia, depression, hypogonadism, and parkinsonism. This mutlisystemic...

produce focal lesions but that only rotational acceleration produced diffuse axonal injury. When damage is found in the rostral brainstem it is also associated...

(2018). "Newfound sex differences in axonal structure underlie differential outcomes from in vitro traumatic axonal injury". Experimental Neurology. 300:...

C, Papadopoulos V, Rupprecht R, Schumacher M, Groyer G (January 2012). "Axonal regeneration and neuroinflammation: roles for the translocator protein 18...

growth and migration. They act as intermediate targets for long and complex axonal growths by creating short and easy pathways, leading axon growth cones towards...

Jordanova A, Irobi J, Thomas FP, et al. (2006). "Disrupted function and axonal distribution of mutant tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in dominant intermediate...

spondylodysplastic type Epidermolysis bullosa simplex Fragile X syndrome Giant axonal neuropathy Glutaric aciduria, type 1 Gorlin syndrome Greenberg dysplasia...

to existing neural circuits (Ex. The creation of new dendritic spines), axonal sprouting, and neurogenesis (the creation of new neurons). The relevance...

of lesions were characterized by massive demyelination with relatively axonal preservation associated with reactive astrocytosis and infiltration of macrophages...

S2CID 19696622. Oliver DL, Beckius GE, Shneiderman A (September 1995). "Axonal projections from the lateral and medial superior olive to the inferior colliculus...

Gogolla co-first authored a paper in Neuron describing axonal plasticity mechanisms and the role of axonal plasticity in persistently modifying local circuit...

serotonergic damaging effects on the thalamus. This damage was speculated to be axonal damage to serotonergic cells while cell bodies remained intact. This damage...

claustrocortical neurons. Experiments in mice monitoring claustrocortical axonal activity to changing visual stimuli suggest the claustrum signals stimulus...

mediated by preventing the closure of the voltage-gated sodium channels in axonal membranes. The sodium channel is a membrane protein with a hydrophilic interior...

onto the mRNA. eIF4G1 controls mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, axonal morphogenesis, and memory through promoting translation of select mRNAs...

(OMIM): 616719 ORPHA:466794 Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive, with axonal neuropathy 607250 Disease ID 10000 at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases Spinocerebellar...