Lencana penghinaan

Lencana penghinaan, simbol penghinaan, tanda penghinaan atau stigma,^[1] adalah sebuah simbol pembeda yang secara khas diwajibkan untuk dikenakan oleh kelompok tertentu atau seseorang untuk tujuan penghinaan publik, ostrakisme atau penindasan.

Lencana kuning yang diwajibkan untuk dipakai Yahudi di sebagian Eropa pada Abad Pertengahan,^[2] dan kemudian di Jerman Nazi dan wilayah Eropa yang diduduki Jerman, secara efektif merupakan sebuah lencana penghinaan serta identifikasi.^[3]

"Tanda Kain" dapat ditafsirkan sebagai sinonim dari lencana penghinaan.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Referensi

^ stigma. Dictionary.com. The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Company. (accessed: January 13, 2008).
^ "Jewish History 1250–1259 : 1257 Badge Of Shame (Italy)". The History of the Jewish People. Jewish Agency. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 November 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-11-06. ...the badge of shame was imposed locally and infrequently in Italy until the Bull of Pope Alexander IV enforced it on all papal states.
^ D'Ancona, Jacob (2003). The City Of Light. New York: Citadel. hlm. 23–24. ISBN 0-8065-2463-4. But the wearing of a badge or outward sign — whose effect, intended or otherwise, successful or not, was to shame and to make vulnerable as well as to distinguish the wearer...
^ Feinsilber, Mike; Webber, Elizabeth (1999). Merriam-Webster's dictionary of allusions. Springfield, Mass: Merriam-Webster. hlm. 95. ISBN 0-87779-628-9. As the term [mark of Cain] is used today, the idea of a protective mark has been lost; only the negative sense of a mark of shame or criminality remains.
^ R. Swinburne Clymer. Rosicrucian Fraternity in America. Kessinger Publishing, LLC. hlm. 207. ISBN 0-7661-3019-3. Did we not say that when Mr. Lewis wrote his first history of A.M.O.R.C. that he also wrote his confession, placing on it the badge of shame—the mark of Cain—that revealed its real purpose and spurious nature?
^ Clayton Kendall (2007). What Really Happened in the Garden of Eden?: And Rebuttal To: Eve, Did She or Didn't She?. New York: Vantage Press. hlm. 122. ISBN 0-533-15291-7. In light of this horror, some of the more ardent rulers and princes of this 'Christian' church-related this [yellow] badge of shame to the mark of Cain as Christ killers...
^ Maclean, Marie (1994). "9. 'Better to reign in Hell...'". The name of the mother: writing illegitimacy. New York: Routledge. hlm. 164. doi:10.2307/3734056. ISBN 0-415-10686-9. The work of Jean Genet, poet, playwright and novelist (1910–86) and Violette Leduc, innovator in prose narrative (1907–72) reverts to the ancient traditions of bastardy as excess, a badge of shame and evil, a latter-day mark of Cain, which at the same time distinguishes the bastard from the herd and confers a sort of perverse and even grandiose power.

Pranala luar

Kutipan tentang Lencana penghinaan di Wikikutip

[1] stigma. Dictionary.com. The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Company. (accessed: January 13, 2008).

[2] "Jewish History 1250–1259 : 1257 Badge Of Shame (Italy)". The History of the Jewish People. Jewish Agency. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 November 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-11-06. ...the badge of shame was imposed locally and infrequently in Italy until the Bull of Pope Alexander IV enforced it on all papal states.

[3] D'Ancona, Jacob (2003). The City Of Light. New York: Citadel. hlm. 23–24. ISBN 0-8065-2463-4. But the wearing of a badge or outward sign — whose effect, intended or otherwise, successful or not, was to shame and to make vulnerable as well as to distinguish the wearer...

[isbn0-87779-628-9-4] Feinsilber, Mike; Webber, Elizabeth (1999). Merriam-Webster's dictionary of allusions. Springfield, Mass: Merriam-Webster. hlm. 95. ISBN 0-87779-628-9. As the term [mark of Cain] is used today, the idea of a protective mark has been lost; only the negative sense of a mark of shame or criminality remains.

[5] R. Swinburne Clymer. Rosicrucian Fraternity in America. Kessinger Publishing, LLC. hlm. 207. ISBN 0-7661-3019-3. Did we not say that when Mr. Lewis wrote his first history of A.M.O.R.C. that he also wrote his confession, placing on it the badge of shame—the mark of Cain—that revealed its real purpose and spurious nature?

[6] Clayton Kendall (2007). What Really Happened in the Garden of Eden?: And Rebuttal To: Eve, Did She or Didn't She?. New York: Vantage Press. hlm. 122. ISBN 0-533-15291-7. In light of this horror, some of the more ardent rulers and princes of this 'Christian' church-related this [yellow] badge of shame to the mark of Cain as Christ killers...

[7] Maclean, Marie (1994). "9. 'Better to reign in Hell...'". The name of the mother: writing illegitimacy. New York: Routledge. hlm. 164. doi:10.2307/3734056. ISBN 0-415-10686-9. The work of Jean Genet, poet, playwright and novelist (1910–86) and Violette Leduc, innovator in prose narrative (1907–72) reverts to the ancient traditions of bastardy as excess, a badge of shame and evil, a latter-day mark of Cain, which at the same time distinguishes the bastard from the herd and confers a sort of perverse and even grandiose power.

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